Muzera umo zvinhu zvemakombiyuta zvinofamba nokukurumidza kupfuura kuva nechokwadi, mano okuziva mashoko akavimbika azova humwe unyanzvi hunovapo zvikuru hwokutora rutivi mubato wedemokrasi. Kunyora nokunyora — rudzi rwezivo namano zvinodikanwa kupinda zvine revo muupenyu hwavose — zvino inotsamira zvikuru pakuti vagari vemo vanogona sei kushandisa nzvimbo dzezvinobudisa nhau dzakakamukana. Mishprojective, digionts, uye kusagona kunyora mashoko haangova hazvo zvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki; ivo vanopesvedzera zvakananga sarudzo, zvisarudzo zvoutano hwavose, uye ruvimbiko rwenzanga. Nyaya ino inogovera kunzverwa kwakajeka kwakadza kukuru kwezvishandiso, mazano, uye gadziriro izvo vanhu vamwe navamwe, vadzidzi, uye nzanga vanogona kushandisa kuvaka kurava mashoko akavimbika uye vanonzwisisa nguva dzose mashoko akavimbika.

Kunzwisisa Kudzidza Nemabhuku Munguva Yokuverenga

Kurava nokunyora kwagara kuchibatanidza zivo yezvivako zvehurumende, Bumbiro remitemo, Bill of Rights, uye nzira dzokuvhota nekuita rutivi rwehurumende. Zvisinei, pfungwa yacho yakachinja zvikuru. Mumhoteredzo yazvino uno yemashoko, kunyora nokunyora kwavanhu kunofanira kubatanidzawo makwikwi anodikanwa kuwana, kuyera, uye kushandisa mashoko nenzira inobudirira. Pasina unyanzvi uhu, kunyange nzwisiso huru yemashandiro anoita hurumende haikwani kudzivirira pakushandiswa nevatambi vakaipa.

Munhu akadzidza wehurumende azvino uno anonzwisisa kwete bedzi mapazu matatu ehurumende asiwo kuti kuronga kwamaatomuko kunoshanda sei hurukuro yavose, kuti zvinotsigirwa zvinogona sei kuvanza musiyano pakati pezviziviso nokuzivisa, uye nzira yokusimbisa nayo kutaura usati wagoverana. iyi rondedzero yakawedzerwa yokugona kurava nokunyora yakabatana yenzanga iri pambiru ina: zivo yamasangano ehurumende, miitiro yokufunga inotsoropodza, zvinobudisa nhau uye kurava mashoko, uye sundo yokutora rutivi nenzira inovaka mumiitiro yedemo yehurumende yehurumende.

Zvikamu Zvemabhuku Akaderera Okudzidza

Apo kurava nokunyora kwavanhu kunenge kwakaderera, gadziriro yose yedemocracy inotambura. Voter vangavamba zvisarudzo panhau dzakatangwa. Miganhu ingabatana pamwe chete mumapoka e "zvibvumirano." kurukurirano dzemitemo dzavose dzinova zviito mudzinza panzvimbo pokurangarira. Mukuwirirana nokunzvera kubva kuAnnuberg Perfel Public Policy Center, zvikamu zvikuru zvavanhu veAmerica hazvigoni kududza vamiririri vavo muCongress, vasingazivi kuti Electoral College inoshanda sei, uye kuti ichengeta mirangariro isina mufungo pamusoro pokuva mutemo. Kana zivo iyi yabatanidzwa nokusagona kuyera manyuko, muuyo unova usingatapunziri mutengi kuzivisa mashoko namabasa okubvisa.

Nei Mashoko Akavimbika Ane Zvaanoita Pautano Hwehurumende

Mashoko akavimbika anoshanda segadziriro yokutenderera kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ine utano hwakanaka.Inogovera vagari vemo mashoko avanoda kuti vaumbe mirangariro, kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire, uye vatsigire mitemo inoratidzira mipimo yavo. Pasina mashoko akavimbika, kutsiviwa kwevadzorwi navamiriri vavo kunoputsa. Vakuru vakuru vakuru vanopa ngwariro havagonizve kuvimba kuti murangariro wavose wakavakirwa panzwisiso yakarurama, uye vagari vemo havagoni kuvimba kuti vatungamiriri vavo vari kuita paufakazi hwakarurama.

Migumisiro yemashoko asina kuvimbika inopfuura migumisiro yezvinofungwa zvisina kururama. Zvinoparadza chivimbo chomunhu oga — guruu rinobatanidza nzanga. Kana vanhu vasingagoni kubvumirana pamaidi makuru, havagoni kupinda mukurukurirano inobudirira. Uku hakusi kunetseka kwokufungidzira. Kuparadzirwa kwemashoko asina kururama ezvoutano mukati medenda reCOVID ya19 kwakaparira zvakananga kukurumidza kurapa, kunonoka kurapwa, uye kufa. Nenzira yakafanana, mashoko okusarudza akatungamirira kukusavimba kwakapararira mumasangano akasarudzwa, kuchiguma netyisidziro kuvashandi vesarudzo, chinjo dzemitemo dzokuvhotera kuti vasarudze kusvika, uye kuderera chivimbo mumasangano edemocracy.

Nokuda kwavanhu vamwe navamwe, mano okuziva mashoko akavimbika anotsigira nhevedzano yezviito zvinokosha zvomunharaunda:

  • Kuvhota kwakaziviswa: Kunzwisisa nzvimbo dzavada kuenda, revo dzemipimo yebhora, uye zvinyorwa zvemapepa zvinoda kusimbiswa, mashoko akapoteredza.
  • Kuvimbisana kwoushamwari: kutora rutivi mumisangano yedare rechikoro, kugarwa kwenzeve, kana kuti masangano omunharaunda anoraira mano okuyera kutaura kunoitwa navachengeti vemari navakuru vakuru.
  • Nzwisiso yapanguva dzose: Nhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzakadai sokuchinja mitero, muitiro wokutarisira utano, uye kudzorwa kwemamiriro okunze kazhinji kazhinji zvinowedzerwa kana kuti kushatiswa; mashoko akavimbika anobvumira vagari vemo kucheka nokunzvera miuyo chaiyoiyo.
  • Ufakazi hwemari: Kuchengeta zviteshi zvenhau, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, uye masangano anozvidavirira kunoda simba rokunzvera kutaura kweidi ndokuziva apo manyuko haavimbiki kana kuti anosarura.

Zvishandiso Zvinokosha Zvokubvisa Kutsakatika Kwemashoko

Kuvaka kurava nokunyora kunoda midziyo inoshanda inogona kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwoiwo enyika. gadziriro dzinotevera nezviwanikwa zvinogovera chishandiso chikuru nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kuyera mashoko nesimba nechivimbo.

Mapepa Anonyatsoongorora Ane Marekodhi

Masangano anonzvera chokwadi azova zvinhu zvinokosha zvokubvumikisa kutaura nokukurumidza. Aya mabudiro anoshandisa vatori venhau navanzveri venhau vane unyanzvi vanonzvera kutaura kwevhairasi, kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mishumo yezvinobudisa nhau. Kuvimba navakasimbiswa, vanonzvera maidi vanojekerwa ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikurusa dzokuziva kana mashoko akarurama.

  • Snopes: Imwe yenzvimbo dzekaresa nedzinonzvera zvikuru maidi, Snopes dzinofukidza chinhu chiri chose kuvambira mungano dzomuguta kusvikira kurunyerekupe rwezvamatongerwe enyika. Zvikamu zvaro zvemiitiro ine udzame zvinotsanangura kuti kutaura kumwe nokumwe kwakanzverwa sei uye ufakazii hwakawanikwa.
  • FactCC.org: Yakaitwa neAnnenberg Public Policy Center, iyi nzvimbo isina partistiki inonangidzira ngwariro pakusimbisa kutaura kwakaitwa nemifananidzo yezvamatongerwe enyika yeU.S. uye mashoko asina kururama pamusoro pevhairasi. Yakasimba zvikuru panhau dzine chokuita noutano, sayenzi, uye muitiro wemari.
  • [[NHAU: 0] FACT:[[FT:1] Kumhanya nePoynte Institute, PolitiFact inoshandisa "Truth-O-Meter" kuonesa ururami hwezvinotaurwa zvematongerwe enyika. Kushuma kwayo kune udzame kunobatanidza manyuko makuru, manyorero ebvunzurudzo, uye kunzvera kwamashoko akapoteredza.
  • Reuters Sex Service: Sesangano renhau renyika yose rine mukurumbira wokururama, Reuters inogovera mitoo inokurumidza yeidi pakutaura kwevhairasi, kazhinji kazhinji nengwariro pamusoro pezviri munyika yose.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vacherekedzi vemaidi havasati vari vasingakanganisi, uye vanogona kuita zvikanganiso panhambo nenhambo. Zvisinei, kujeka kwemitoo yavo uye kudisa kwavo kupa ruramiso kunovaita kuti vave vakavimbika zvikuru kupfuura nzvimbo dzemasangano anobudisa nhau kana kuti nzvimbo dzinobudisa mashoko dzinoshambadzirwa.

Kwakabva mashoko okuongorora Framecss

Pane kushandisa mawebsite okuongorora chokwadi, vanhu vanoda kuongororwa nenzira yakarongwa kuti vaone kana zviri zvechokwadi kuti vazive kuti zvinhu zviviri zvakanyatsodzidziswa zvinoshanda sei.

[[FLT:] Kuedza kweCRAP] [[FFF]] — kwakatangwa navagari vemo paCalifornia State University, Chico — kunoyera manyuko apakati pamapazi mashanu:[[FLT:] [[FLT:]] [[FLT:]] [[FFF:] — Ko mashoko ari pauni here? Angatendwa here? [FFF] Anenge anodiwa here? [10]

[[NJORO] Nzira yeIFFT — yakatangwa nanyanzvi yemitauro Mike Caulfield — inopa nzira yakawanda, ina-pankire yakarongwa nokuda kwenzvimbo yepaIndaneti:[[FL:] [[FLT:] [[FLT]] misa [[FLT]] — usati wagoverana kana kuti kuita pamusoro pamashoko. Bvunza kana kuti zvinotaura zvinoratidzika kuva zvakanaka. [[FLT:] [FT:] [FT]] [FFFFF:]]] [av] [apose: , kana kuti manyuko] — tsvakiyiwo, `ISvoserome , kana kuti nyunyunyunyunyuro inote.] — `FFFF]

Kuverenga Kwomuchinjikwa uye Kuzoverengazve

Nyanzvi dzinoongorora zviitiko hadzipedzi nguva yakawanda dzichiongorora pawebsite imwe. Panzvimbo pezvo, dzinoshandisa kurava [ kwapakarepo — kuzarura maseti akawanda kuti aongorore manyuko acho uye kusimbisa zvaanotaura panzvimbo yazvo yakavimbika. Iyi nzira inoshanda zvikuru kupfuura kurava kwakananga (kugara papeji rimwe chete uye kuongorora pfungwa dzaro dzomukati) nokuti inokurumidza kubudisa bvumirano kana kuti kusawirirana pakati pemanyuko ane chiremera.

Kushandisa kurava kwomunguva yapashure, apo unosangana nokutaura kunoratidzika kuva kunoshamisa kana kuti kunonyandura mirangariro, kuzarura tabhu itsva yebhuroko ndokutsvaka kutaura kwacho mumashoko asina revo. Tsvaka kubhadharwa kubva kumasangano makuru mazhinji enhau, hurumende kana kuti manyuko edzidzo, uye mativi eidi enhau. Kana kutaura kunooneka bedzi pawebsite imwe kana kuti panzvimbo yesociation uye hakugoni kusimbiswa kune imwe nzvimbo, kuibata nokupanikira kukuru.

Kuziva Bias Nokurava Nokunyora

Zvinobudisa nhau zvose zvine mwero wakati wefungira mano akaipa — kuratidzirwa kwemirangariro, mipimo, uye zvisarudzo zvokupepeta nhau zvavasiki vazvo. Nharidzano haisati iri kuwana chose chose manyuko asina kusarura, ayo asati aripo, asi panzvimbo pezvo kuziva fungidziro nokuzvidavirira nokuda kwawo pakududzira mashoko.

Bias inogona kuoneka munzira dzinoverengeka: kupfurikidza nokusiya kwakasarudzwa maidi, mutauro wakatutirwa, chisarudzo chamanyuko akanokorwa mashoko, uye kunyorwa kwemisoro mikuru yenhau. Machati eRevedia re rusaruro, akadai seayo anobudiswa neAllSides neAd Media, anoisa zviteshi zvakavakirwa pakombamiro dzawo dzezvamatongerwe enyika nokuvimbika. Nepo aya machati ane ganhuriro uye anogona kunyanyosimbisa, anogovera pfundo rinobetsera rokuvamba kunzwisisa nzvimbo yamashoko.

Kana nyaya ichishumwa zvakasiyana chaizvo nemabhuku maviri, funga kuti ndeipi nzira yokubudisa nayo uchapupu hwakawanda, inotaura nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana, uye inobvuma kuti zvakaoma kunzwisisa pane kurondedzera nyaya dzakapfupika.

Zvirongwa Zvokudzidzisa Kudzidza Kudzidza Muzvikoro Nenzanga

Kudzidza kunoitwa nevanhu vose hakusi unyanzvi hwokuberekwa nahwo — hunofanira kudzidziswa, kushandiswa, uye kusimbiswa munguva yakati.Vadzidzisi, vatarisiri vemabhuku, uye vatungamiriri venzanga vanoita basa rinokosha mukuvaka aya makwikwi mumapoka ezera.

Kunyora Nokunyora Zvinobudisa Mashoko Kupfuura Nepane Imwe Nyika

Kurava nokunyora zvenhau hakufaniri kuganhurirwa kuboka rimwe kana kuti kuvhota. Purogiramu dzinoshanda dzinonzvera unyanzvi munhau, chiNgezi, sayenzi, uye fundo dzenzanga. Apo vadzidzi vanonzvera manyuko makuru mukirasi yenhau, vanogona kushandisa marekodhi anokosha mamwe chetewo kunhau dzapanguva ino. Pavanodudza manyuko enhau, vanogona kuyera kuvimbika kwamanyuko iwayo anoshandisa mavara akaita seCRAP kana kuti SIFT.

Nhevedzo yeCuvic Online Reasoning yeStanford History Education yeChinyorwa cheDzidzo cheChidzidzo cheMubatanidzwa weProfesi inopa zvirongwa zvefundo zvakapindwa mberi izvo zvinodzidzisa vadzidzi kuyera mashoko anoshandiswa. Nzvero dzavo, idzo dzinoedza unyanzvi hwakadai sokuongorora nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa munzanga uye kuziva zviri mukati zvinotsigirwa, dzakaratidza mikahadzano inokosha mumano avadzidzi — misiyano iyo inonangidzirwa muraidzo inogona kukurukura.

Kukurukura Zviito Zvazvino

Zvikwata zvekirasi namapoka enzanga zvinogona kubatira senzvimbo dzakakotsekana dzokushandisa nzvero yamashoko munguva chaiyoiyo. Vapekiri vanofanira kusarudza musoro wenhau wazvino uno ndokugovera vatori rutivi manyuko akawanda anomirira mativi akasiyana. Vatori vemo ipapo vanoshanda pamwe chete kuyera kuvimbika kwamanyuko mamwe namamwe, kuziva kutaura kupi nokupi kwokunyengera, uye kurukurai kuti nhau yacho ingashumwa sei nenzira yakasiana- siyana.

Mitemo yekurukurirano yakarongwa — yakadai seSocrates sesource kana kuti kushandiswa kwamakona mana — inokurudzira vatori rutivi kutsigira nzvimbo dzavo noufakazi uye inoteerera noruremekedzo mirangariro inopesana. iyi kurukurirano hadzivaki bedzi kurava nokurava zvinobudisa nhau asiwo unyanzvi hwenzanga hwokurangarira, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye kusabvumirana kwakakomba.

Kushandisa Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo Yemashoko Asina Kunaka

Vatori venyaya idzi pavanoona kuti nhema dzinonyepera dzinopararira sei, vanongwarira uye vanotonyanya kuda kuongorora kuti vanoona kuti zvinonzi ndezvechokwadi here vasati vazviudza vamwe, vanobva vaona kuti zvinoshanda sei.

Zviwanikwa zvakadai seMashoko anodzidza nezvemazera ose. Zvidzidzo zvezvirongwa zvokusarudza, utano hwevanhu vose, kana kuti sayenzi yemamiriro okunze zvinogona kuenzanisira migumisiro yenyika chaiyo yemashoko asina kuvimbwa nawo.

Kukurudzira Kusava Nechokwadi Kune Une Utano Pasina Kutsoropodzwa

Chinangwa hachisi chokuita kuti vanhu vasavimba nemashoko ose — kusavimba kwakadaro kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vade kufungidzira pfungwa dzechitsotsi — asi kuvashongedzera nezvinhu zvokushandisa kuti vakwanise kugadzirisa matongero avanofanira kuita panyaya yokuvimba nevamwe.

Kudzidzisa vanhu kubvunza kuti: Uchapupu ndehupiko? Panzvimbo pokuti, Ndingavimba nomunhu here? Kusimudzira zvokudya zvine utano hwakanaka. Kudaro kunosimbisa kuti kuvimbika kuripo mumativi akasiyana - siyana: mamwe manyuko akavimbika nguva dzose, mamwe nguva nenguva haavimbiki, uye mashomanene anofanira kudziviswa chose chose. Kukudziridza nzwisiso kuita iyi misiyano chiratidzo chomunhu akadzidza munzanga.

Zvinetso Mukuziva Mashoko Akavimbika

Zvinhu zvipenyu zvakagadzirwa kuti zvishandise pfungwa, uye zvinhu zvisingadzorwi nomunhu zvinokanganisa kuongorora zvinhu zvakarurama.

Mashoko Akawandisa Nokuneta Kwokuranga

Mashoko akawanda anonyatsoongorora zvose zvinotaurwa nevanhu kuti hazvishandi. Pavanotarisana nokunyanyoremerwa, vanhu vanovimba nemazano avanoziva: vanovimba nechinhu chakajairika, vanogoverana mashoko anoenderana nezvavanozivikanwa, kana kuti vanobvuma mashoko anenge achitaura zvakarurama.

Vanhu vanogona kuongorora mashoko anoshamisa, anorwadza, kana kuti anokosha pachisarudzo chinokosha chakadai sokuvhota kana kuti kurapwa.

Kusimbisa Bias uye Kudzivirira Kuzivikanwa

Vanhu nenzira yomuzvarirwo vanofarira mashoko anotsigira zvitendero zvavo zviripo uye vanoramba mashoko anovadenha. Uku kusimbisa rusaruro kunowedzerwa nokugadzirwa kwemitemo, uko kunodyisa manyuko anosimbisa zvido zvavo nekuona nyika. Kuwedzera, kudzivirira [ — chimiro chendangariro chokugamuchira kana kuti kuramba mashoko akavakirwa pakuti anowirirana nezvinokosha zveboka renzanga romunhu — kunogona kuisa panzvimbo yakakwirira kurangarira kunyange pakati pavanhu vakadzidza zvikuru.

Kukurira iyi mirangariro inoda unyanzvi. Kutsvaka mifungo inobva mumanyuko akavimbika nemirangariro yakasiana, kushandisa mirangariro yokuzviruramisa pamusoro pefungidziro dzomunhu amene, uye kukurukura nhau dzinomutsa nharo navanhu vane mirangariro yakasiana kunogona kubetsera yose. Mamwe masangano, akadai seBraver Angels, anoshanda zvikuru mukukurukurirana kunoumba kunzwisisana nepo achichengeta kuva nechero.

Kushandisa Pfungwa Netapuro Yendangariro

Kunzwa uku kunoda kuti munhu afunge kuti kunonzi kunonzi kunonzi kukanganisa, kukonzera kuti vanhu vagumbuke, kutya, kusemburwa, kana kuti tariro.

Vaverengi vanofanira kumbomira kana mashoko acho aita kuti vanzwe zvakanaka vobvunza kuti: “Izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuita kuti ndinzwe kuti ndiri kurei pane kuti ndifunge here? ” Kutarisa kwazvinobva, kuongorora zvataurwa, uye kumirira kuti vatange vaudzana zvinogona kuderedza kugoverana mashoko iwayo ane simba.

Kuvaka Tsika Yokudzidza

Kudzidza kunoitwa nevanhu vomunharaunda kunoda tsika inokoshesa chokwadi, inopa mubayiro wokutsoropodza, uye inotsigira kurongwa kwemashoko akanaka.

Kutanga Kuverenga Nezvinobudisa Mashoko Kwakadzidziswa Nenzanga

Maraibhurari avose, nzvimbo dzenzanga, uye masangano ehurumende anogona kugovera zvirongwa pakunzvera mashoko. Zvirongwa izvi zvinokosha zvikuru kusvika vanhu vakuru vangave vasina kugamuchira dzidzo yezvinobudisa nhau. Maraibhurari anotobatira senzvimbo dzinovimbwa dzenzanga uye anogona kupa zvinhu zvakadai semapepa enhau anogadzirirwa, mirayiridzo inoongorora mashoko echokwadi, uye mapurogiramu okurovedza kuziva mashoko asina kururama.

Kana vatori venhau vakabatana nezvinobudiswa mumapepanhau vakabatana nevadzidzisi kuti vape mashopu kana kuti vagadzirire mashoko anotsanangura miitiro yevanyori venhau, vanobatsira vanhu kunzwisisa kuti kushuma kweunyanzvi kunoshanda sei — uye nei kwakasiyana nemabhuku anopa mashoko anopesana kana kuti anoshandiswa nevanhu.

Kusimudzira Kudzidza Kwoupenyu Hwose uye Ugari Hwomunyika

Kudzidza kunoitwa nenyanzvi panzvimbo itsva zvadzinochinja, unyanzvi hunodiwa kuti dzione mashoko huchachinja. Kukurudzira pfungwa dzokuramba dzichidzidza — kuramba uchida kuziva kuti maarugs anoshanda sei, kuti zvinhu zvitsva zvine mwero sei, uye kuti kushandisa sei zvinhu zvinobuda zvinobatsira kugadziridza — zvinobatsira vanhu kuti vagadzirise nzvimbo inenge ichichinja.

Kana vanhu vakaona kuti vari muzvinhu zvinobatsirana panhau dzemashoko pane vamwe, vanokwanisa kuongorora kuti vangava nekodzero dzokutaura, kugadzirisa mashoko asina kururama pavanosangana navo, uye kutsigira kunyoresa mashoko akanaka mumabhuku kana kuti nokuvimbisana.

mhedziso

Kana pasina kuvhota kusingabvumirwi, kuzvidavirira kunoderera, uye hurukuro yavose inopera kuva nhau dzinokwikwidzana dzisingabvi pauchapupu.

Kuvaka kurava nokunyora kunoda mubatanidzwa wenhamburiko yomunhu oga netsigiro yourongwa. Pamwero womunhu oga, kushandisa kurava kwokupedzisira, kushandisa mabudi eidi kuyera magadziriro etsika, uye kuziva mirangariro yendangariro miitiro inokosha. Panzvimbo yesangano, zvikoro zvinofanira kubatanidza kurava nokunyora zvinobudisa mashoko mumativi ose echikoro, maraibhurari anofanira kupa rovedzo yenzanga, uye vatungamiriri vanofanira kugadza musengwa kuzvokwadi noufakazi.

Basa nderekurumidziro. Mistinformation haisati iri kuenda, uye mano ayo okuparira kuvadziko ari kukura sezvo maturusi anoparira mageneratimende anoita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuparira zviri mukati zvinopwisa. Bva maturusi okuziva mashoko akavimbika anowanika, anobvumikiswa, uye anosvika munhu upi noupi anoda kudzidza. Kupfurikidza nokupa mitoo iyi, vagari vemo vanogona kuzvidzivirira vamene, nzanga dzavo, uye gadziriro dzedemocracy dzinotsamira pavanhu vanoziva.