Table of Contents

Kunzwisisa kuti mavhoti anorangarirwa sei kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa gadziriro yapurezidhendi weAmerica. Electoral College inomirira rimwe ramativi akasiana zvikurusa ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeUnited States, kubatanidza mwero mizhinji, mipimo yorumano, uye miitiro yokuona kwokungwarira inovimbisa kuchinjwa kune rugare kwesimba makore mana ari ose.

Electoral College Chii?

Electoral College haisi nzvimbo chaiyo asi inzvimbo yakatangwa neUnited States Constitution nokuda kwokusarudza purezidhendi nemutevedzeri wapurezidhendi.Madzibaba Akatangwa akaigadza muBumbiro reMitemo, zvimwe, sokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati pesarudzo yaPurezidhendi nevhota muCongress uye vhoti yaPrezidhendi nevhota yakakurumbira yavagari vemo vakakwaniriswa.

Muitiro weElectoral College unobatanidza kusarudzwa kwavavhoti, musangano wavavhoti apo vanosarudza Purezidhendi naMutungamiriri weSangano, uye kuverengwa kwamavhoti akasarudzwa naCongress. Iyi gadziriro ine nhete-pfuudzo yave iri rutivi runokosha rwesarudzo yapurezidhendi weAmerica chifo chokuvamba kwerudzi, kunyange zvazvo yakashanduka kupfurikidza nokugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kwamazana amakore.

Nhamba Yose Yemichina Yemari

Pari zvino kune vavhoti 538 vose, kubatanidza Washington, D.C. vasarudzi vatatu. Nhamba iyi yakaramba isingachinji chifo cha 1964 uye inomirira nhamba chaiyo yakavakirwa pagadziriro yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Vhoti dzose dzinosarudzwa ndi58, dzinoratidzira 100 Senators + 435 Vamiriri 3 nokuda kweDC. Kuwana purezidhendi, ruzhinji rwakapfava rwavavhoti vakasarudzwa (270 kana kuti kupfuura) runodikanwa kuvhota purezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Ikoku kunoreva kuti muvhoti dzinovhota 270 mu58 dzinowanika kuti ataure rukundo.

Nzira Iyo Electoral Votes Anoiswa Nayo Panzvimbo Yayo kuStates

Kuparadzirwa kwamavhoti pakati pehurumende kunotevera muitiro webumbiro remitemo uyo unomirira nhume dzinobatanidzwa. Kunzwisisa uku kugovera kunokosha kunzwisisa chikonzero nei nyika dzakasiana - siana dzichitakura zviyero zvakasiyana musarudzo dzapurezidhendi.

Gadziriro yeBumbiro reMitemo

Hurumende iri yose inogoverwa chiverengero chakati chamavhoti akaenzana nechiverengero chavamiriri neVamiririri munhume dzayo dzeUnited States (82) vavhoti nokuda kwaVamiriri vayo muDare reUnited States kubatanidza chiverengero chakati chamavhoti akaenzana nechiverengero chemaruwa ayo eCongregational. Iyi nzira inovimbisa kuti nyika iri yose, pasinei zvapo noukuru, ine inzwi rakati muchisarudzo chapurezidhendi.

Nemhaka yokuti hurumende iri yose ine vamiririri vaviri uye inenge mumiririri mumwe, kunyange nyika dzine vanhu vashomanene zvikuru dzinogamuchira mavhoti matatu akasarudzwa.

Basa Rekuverengwa Kwevanhu

Makore gumi oga oga, United States inoverenga nhamba yevanhu kuti iverenge vanhu, uye izvi zvinoguma nehurumende yose inogamuchira vamiririri vangani muImba yevamiririri.

Makore 10 ari ose, miuyo yeCumbation inotema kuti zvigaro muImba yaVamiririri zvinogoverwa sei, uye hurumende dzingawana kana kuti kurasikirwa namavhoti akasarudzwa maererano.

Washington, D.C.'S Electoral Votes

Mune 23Endment of the Constitution, District yeColumbia inogoverwa vavhoti vatatu uye inobatwa seHurumende nokuda kwezvinangwa zveElectoral College. Iyi bvumirano, yakasimbiswa muna 1961, yakapiwa vagari vedzimbahwe renyika yacho maruramiro okutora sarudzo, kunyange zvazvo vachigere kushaiwa kumirira kwakazara kwoupiona.

Matsananguro Anoitwa Varavi

Vavhoti vakasarudzwa vasati vagona kuverengwa, vavhoti vanofanira kutanga vasarudzwa. Muitiro uyu wokusarudza unosiyana nehurumende asi unotevera mitoo yavose inotangwa nomutemo wehurumende nemiitiro yebato rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Zvinoitwa Pakusarudza

Masangano ezvematongerwe enyika ehurumende imwe neimwe anosarudza chitupa chawo amene chavangada kusarudza, uye anosarudzwa kuva muvhoti, kuti sei, uye apo anosiana nehurumende. Varavi vakasarudzwa chaizvoizvo vakuru vakuru kana kuti mitezo yebato inokosha, uye chibvumirano chimwe nechimwe chehurumende chinosarudza muitiro nenguva zvokusarudza vasaruri vacho.

Zvisinei, pane ganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo pamusoro pouyo anogona kubatira somusarudzi.Chikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo chinodzivisa vagari vedare uye mitezo yeDare kubatira savasarudzi.uku kuparadzana kunovimbisa kuti mapazu emitemo neanotungamirira arambe akasiana mukati megadziriro yesarudzo.

Chinoitika Apo Unonzwa Uchifarira

VaAmerica vazhinji havazivi kuti apo vanokanda vhoti yavo paZuva reSarudzo, havasati vari vhotera zvakananga nokuda kwomutendi wePurezidhendi. Apo unosarudza nokuda kwomutevedzeri waPurezidhendi, hausati uri zvomenemene kuvhotera Purezidhendi. Unenge uchiudza Hurumende yako kuti ihurumende yako inoda kuvhota pamusangano wavavhoti.

Apo vaAmerica vanokanda mavhoti avo paZuva roKusarudza, ivo vanovhota nenzira yeruzivo rwokusarudza nokuda kwechitupa chavavhoti vakazvipira kutsigira chisarudzo chavo chapurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. United States inoshandisa iyi miuyo yavose (inozivikanwawo sevhoti yakakurumbira) kugadza vavhoti vavo, uye vawinzveri vezvamatongerwe enyika veHurumende vanosarudza vanhu vachava vasaruri.

Muwine Tora zvose. Zviteshi zveProportical System

Kunzwisisa nzira idzi dzakasiyana - siyana dzinokosha pakunzwisisa kuti matare akaitwa napurezidhendi anoshanda sei uye nei dzimwe nyika dzichiwana ngwariro yakawanda kupfuura dzimwe.

Muwine Akatora Muitiro Wose

Nyika dzose, kunze kweMaine neNebraska, dzine muitiro unowana mukundi wose umo Hurumende inongotarira bedzi pamukundi wose wevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika yose. Mune 48 neWashington, D.C., anowana mavhoti ose akasarudzwa nokuda kwehurumende iyoyo.

Uku kukunda kunoreva kuti mukwikwidzi anokunda nyika nemucheto muduku anogamuchira mavhoti ose ehurumende iyoyo. Tsika ino ine revo dzinokosha nokuda kwegadziriro yenhimbe, sezvo vanoda kuisa ngwariro yakanyanya pamakwikwi "kukwidza nyika" apo muuyo hauna chokwadi.

Maine neNebraska

Maine naNebraska vanogadza vavhoti vamwe navamwe vakavakirwa pakuhwina vhoti yakakurumbira muruwa rumwe norumwe uye ipapo 2 "kukura" vavhoti vakavakirwa pakuhwina vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika yose. Iyi gadziriro yezvikamu inobvumira nyika idzi kuparadzanisa mavhoti adzo akasarudzwa pakati pavada kufunda.

Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki kuti Maine kana kuti Nebraska aite vhoti, imwe neimwe yakaita kudaro kaviri: Nebraska muna 2008, Maine muna 2016, uye zvose Maine naNebraska muna 2020.

Chitupa Chezvakavimbiswa

Pashure peZuva reNzvimbo yokusarudza, hurumende dzinofanira kunyora pachena miuyo yadzo kupfurikidza nomuitiro wekubvumidza wapamutemo. Iyi zvinyorwa zvinobatira sohwaro hwapamutemo hwevhoti yeElectoral College.

Pashure pesarudzo yavose, Mutungamiriri weHurumende yenyu anogadzirira Gwaro Rekuronga Mazita avanhu vose pazvinyorwa zvavanhu vose nokuda kwomubhadhari mumwe nomumwe, chiverengero chavavhoti mumwe nomumwe vakagamuchira uye anoratidza kuti vanhu vapi vakagadzwa savasarudzi veHurumende yenyu.

Electoral Count Reform Act ya2022 inoda kuti hurumende imwe neimwe izive mukuru mukuru wehurumende — gavhuna kutoti achidudzwa neimwe nzira — kuva nomutoro wokupa "nhevedzo yeziviso" iyo inozivisa vavhoti vehurumende uye inobatanidza rutivi rwechengeteko. Iyi chinjo yakaitwa kusimbisa perero nechengeteko zvomuitiro wevhoti inovhota.

Gakava ripi neripi riri mukati mehurumende pamusoro pavavhoti rinofanira kupedzwa naDec. 11, 2024, apo mukuru mukuru wehurumende imwe neimwe anoratidza Tsamba yeChibvumirano chavasarudzo chokugadza vavhoti vakasarudzwa muvhoti. Iyi nguva, inozivikanwa se "chiteshi chengarava chakakotsekana" nhambo, inovimbisa kuti hurumende dzine nguva yokupedza gakava ripi neripi vavhoti vasati vasangana kuti vavhoti vavo vavhoti.

Ndirini uye Papi Panoona Vadzidzi

Kuvhota chaikoiko kwevhoti dzevoti kunoitika mavhiki anoverengeka pashure poMusi Wokusarudza, kukatevera nguva yakatangwa nomutemo womubatanidzwa.Musangano uyu unomirira kusarudzwa kwomuitiro kwapurezidhendi uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi.

Musangano waDecember

Vavhoti vomuhurumende imwe neimwe vanosangana kuti vasarudze purezidhendi uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi weUnited States, uye vanotosangana somunhu oga nguva dzose padzimbahwe reruwa kana kuti rehurumende.

Ichi chinodikanwa icho vavhoti vanosangana munyika dzavo vamene, panzvimbo pokuunganidza munzvimbo imwe, chakanga chiri chisarudzo chamaune chavasarudzi kuti vaderedze ngozi youori kana kuti pesvedzero isina kufanira.

Muitiro Wokutakurika

Purezidhendi vanosarudza "vachapa zita muvhota avo munhu wacho muvhotera saPurezidhendi, uye muzvivhoti zvakasiyana munhu anovhoterwa nokuda kwaVice-President, uye vachaita ndaza dzakasiana dzavanhu vose vanovhoterwa saPresidente, uye pavanhu vose vanovhoterwa nokuda kweChivice-Presidenti, uye kwenhamba yamavhoti nokuda kwerimwe nerimwe, iro rinoronga kuti vachasaina ndokubvumirana." Uyu mutauro unobva zvakananga kuPramendementment yechi12 kuBumbiro reMitemo.

Vavhoti veHurumende yako vakanyorwa paTsata yeVote, iyo inogadzirwa pamusangano navavhoti ndokutumirwa kuCongress, uko vhoti dzinoverengwa, uye kuNARA, sorutivi rwezvinyorwa zvapamutemo zveSangano raPurezidhendi. Makopi akawanda eidzi magwaro anoumbwa uye anotumirwa kuvakuru vakuru vakasiana- siyana kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vhoti dzakanyorwa zvakarurama ndokuchengetwa.

Kufa Kwokushandurwa

Zvitupa zvokuvhota zvinofanira kugamuchirwa neChitatu chechina muna December, icho gore rino ndiDec. 25. Muchengeti wemitemo ipapo anotumira maseti etsamba kuDare pari kana kuti pamberi peCongress itsva inosangana pana Jan. 3, 2025. iyi miganhu yorumano inovimbisa kuti mavhoti ose akasarudzwa anonyorwa zvakanaka uye anopfuudzwa pamberi pechisarudzo chokuverenga kwedare.

Vazivisi Vasina Kutenda: Ko Vazivi Vanogona Kutaura Zvakasiana Here?

Mubvunzo mumwe unomuka kazhinji kazhinji ndewokuti vavhoti vakasarudzwa vanodikanirwa kuvhota nokuda kwomutsigiri uyo akawina vhoti yavo yakakurumbira yehurumende. Mhinduro inosiana nehurumende uye yave iri nhau yedenho dzapamutemo.

Vapinduri havasungwa neBumbiro reMitemo kana kuti mutemo wehurumende kuti vavhote mukuwirirana nevhoti yakakurumbira munyika yavo; zvisinei, nyika 38 neWashington, D.C., dzine mitemo munzvimbo inoraira vavhoti kuti vavhote mutengi webato ravo rakapikirwa. Iyi mitemo yenyika inovavarira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vavhoti vanokudza kuda kwavavhoti vakavasarudza.

Chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosa muChiafalo v. Washington (2020) chakatonga kuti hurumende dzinobvumidzwa kumanikidza zvirango zvinoshandiswa — kubatanidza faindi, muvhoti, uye mushori anobvira (pano"sarudzo vasingatendi," kana kuti avo vanosarudza muvhoti yakakurumbira muhurumende yavo. Ichi chisarudzo chakajekesa kuti chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chine chiremera chokusunga vavhoti vavo kumuuyo wakakurumbira.

Kuverenga Kunoitwa Nemasangano

Nhambo yokupedzisira uye inooneka zvikurusa yokuverenga mavhoti akasarudzwa inoitika muCongress, umo mitezo yemakamuri ose ari maviri inoungana nokuda kwerusando rwemitezo kuti inyore zviri pamutemo miuyo ndokuzivisa anohwina sarudzo yapurezidhendi.

Kubatana Kwemisangano

Mavhoti eHurumende imwe neimwe anoverengwa murusando rwakabatana rweCongress musi wechi6 waJanuary mugore rakatevera musangano wavavhoti, umo Mitezo yeImba neDare inosangana muNzvimbo yeHouse kuti iite nhamba yepamutemo yamavhoti akasarudzwa.

Mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, saPurezidhendi weDare, anotungamirira pakuverenga uye anozivisa migumisiro yevhoti yeElectoral College.

Mutungamiriri weHurumende weUnited States, saPurezidhendi weDare, anotungamirira kuverenga kwacho nomutoo woushumiri zvikuru uye anozivisa migumisiro yevhoti. iri basa retsika rakajekeswa ndokusimbiswa nokuchinja kuchangobva kuitwa.

Electoral Count Reform Act ya2022

Pashure penharo dzakaitika muchisarudzo cha 2020, Congress yakaita chinjo huru kuti ijekese ndokusimbisa kurava kwevavhoti.

Chiito chacho chakaita kuti zviomere zvikuru nhengo dzeCongress kudenha vavhota vehurumende kupfurikidza nokukwidziridza chikumbaridzo kuva 20% vemitezo yekamuri rimwe nerimwe, nepo kare, mutezo mumwe chete weImba nedare rimwe chete zvaidikanwa kumutsa kuramba. Ichi chikumbaridzo chakakwirira chinoita kuti zvirambidzo zvenhando zvikuru apo zvichiri kuchengetedza mano eCongress okukurukura itiro hanya dzapamutemo.

Zvikonzero Zvokuramba

Zvikonzero zviviri bedzi zvokuramba zvinogamuchirika: kuti vavhoti veHurumende havana kubvumidzwa nomutemo muChitupa Chokutemwa, kana kuti vhoti yomumwe kana kuti vavhoti vakawanda haina kupiwa nguva dzose.Idzi zvikonzero zviduku zvinodzivisa kuramba kutsamira pakusabvumirana kuzhinji kunobva pakusarudza.

Kana zvirambidzo zvikapiwa, Imba neDare zvinoenda kumakamuri azvo akasiyana - siyana kuti zvirangarire runako rwechirambidzo mumiitiro inorongwa mumutemo weFederal. Kamuri rimwe nerimwe ipapo gakava rakaparadzana uye vhoti panzvimbo yokuti zvitsigire kuramba kwacho.

Kuzivisa Muwiri

Kana kune mukundi woruzhinji ane mavhoti akasarudzwa anenge 270 uye pasina zvirambidzo zvinobudirira zvinopiwa nemitezo yeCongress, sarudzo yapurezidhendi inotsigirwa ndokupfuuridzirwa.Purezidhendi weDare ipapo anozivisa kuti vanhu vapi, kana varipo, vakasarudzwa sachigaro naMutungamiriri weHurumende weUnited States.

Chii Chinoitika Kana Pasina Kukunda Vakawanda?

Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki, Electoral College inobatanidza gadziriro dzemamiriro ezvinhu apo pasina mutevedzeri anowana mavhoti 270 anodiwa.

Imba Inorerutsa Purezidhendi

Kana pasina mutevedzeri waPurezidhendi anokunda mavhoti anenge 270 akasarudzwa (oruzhinji hwamavhoti 538 anowanika), muPurence yechi12 yeBumbiro Remitemo Imba Ravamiririri Rinosarudza Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi.

Kana kuri madikanwa, Imba yaizosarudza Purezidhendi kupfurikidza nevhoti yoruzhinji, ichisarudza pakati pavanoda kubhapatidzwa vatatu vakagamuchira chiverengero chikurusa chavhoti.

Vhoti yaizotorwa neHurumende, Hurumende imwe neimwe ine vhoti imwe, uye Ruwa rweColumbia haruvhoti nemhaka yokuti haruna mitezo yokuvhota muImba yavamiriri. Ikoku kunoreva kuti Wyoming neCalifornia dzaizova noukoshi hwakaenzana mukusarudza purezidhendi pasi peichi chinoitika.

Dare Rinoratidza Kuti Mutungamiriri Wehurumende Ndiye Mutongi

Kana pasina mutsigiri weSanihesi weSangano raPurezidhendi anokunda mavhoti anenge 270 (oruzhinji avavhoti 538 vanowanika), muPurence ye12 Dare rinosarudza Mutungamiriri weSanihe kupfurikidza nevhoti yoruzhinji, achisarudza pakati pavada kufunda vaviri vakagamuchira nhamba hurusa yamavhoti akasarudzwa. Mutongi mumwe nomumwe aizova nevhoti imwe.

Muitiro uyu ungagona kunzi ungagona kuguma napurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi kubva kumasangano ezvematongerwe enyika akasiyana - siyana kana Imba neDare zvikaita zvisarudzo zvakasiyana.

Nhoroondo Nemitemo Yemitemo Yakagadziriswa

Kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu zvakashanduka - shanduka sei kunobatsira kunzwisisa kuti nei zvinhu zviripo mazuva ano zvichichinja sezvazviri.

Penjero Yechi12

Mitemo inodzora Electoral College yakarongwa neElth Amendment. Iyi gadziridzo, yakatenderwa muna 1804, yakachinja zvikuru kuti vavhoti vaivhota sei. Pakutanga, vavhoti vakavhota mavhoti maviri apurezidhendi, mumhanyi achiva mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Sangano ino yakatanga zvinetso apo mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika akamuka, zvichitungamirira kunjodzi yesarudzo ya1800.

Musangano we12 wePendement waida kuti vavhoti vasarudze zvivhoti zvoupurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, zvichidzivisa kuvhiringidzika uye kurwisana kungangovapo mugadziriro yepakutanga.

Mutezo Wechi 23

Kuwanda kwenhau dzeAmerica, vagari veWashington, D.C., vaisagona kuvhota musarudzo yapurezidhendi. Kutendeutswa kwe 23rd Amendment muna 1961 kwakabvumira vagari vomuGwara reColumbia kutora rutiviwo musarudzo dzapurezidhendi; nguva dzose vakava navavhoti vatatu. Uku kugadziridzwa kwakatambanudzira kumazana ezviuru avagari veAmerica avo vakanga vabviswa muchisarudzo chapurezidhendi.

Basa Regadziriro Dzehurumende

Masangano ehurumende anoverengeka anoita mabasa okutarisira anokosha muElectoral College, kunyange zvazvo asina chiremera pakusarudzwa chaikoiko kwavavhoti kana kuti mugumisiro wesarudzo.

Hofisi yeFederal Register (OFR) rutivi rweNational Archives Administration (NARA) uye, nokuda kweMugadziri weUnited States, inoronga mabasa akati eElectoral College pakati peUnited States neCongress, kunyange zvazvo isina basa mukugadza vavhoti uye isina onano navo.

National Archives inogamuchira uye inochengeta magwaro okuvhota ehurumende kubva kuhurumende imwe neimwe, ichichengeta magwaro aya sorutivi rwechinyorwa chenhau chechigarire.

Nguva yeElectoral College Programme

Kunzwisisa nguva yakakwana kunobetsera kujekesa kuti nhano dzakasiyana- siyana dzegadziriro yeElectoral College dzinowirirana sei. Hedzino kupfupikiswa kukuru kwemisi inokosha neganhuriro:

[[FT: 0] Zuva reSarudzo: Sarudzo yavose inoitwa makore mana ari ose paChipiri pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Voters vanokanda mabhora nokuda kwechiredhi chavo chakasarudzwa chavavhoti.

Mid-Deceber (Safe Harbor Deadline): Nyika dzinofanira kupedza gakava ripi neripi ndokupedza Gwaro radzo reAssociom, kuzivisa kuti vavhoti vakasarudzwa ndevapi.

Mid-Deceber (Vadzidzi Vasangana): Vazivisi vanoungana mumadzimbahwe avo ehurumende akasiana kuti vasaidze vhoti dzavo dzapurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi.

DATE December: Tsamba dzevhoti dzinofanira kupfuudzwa kuCongress neNational Archives.

[ 01 3: Dare idzva rinopikirwa.

[ January 6:[[[FLT: 1] Congress inosangana murusando rwakabatana kuti iverenge mavhoti akasarudzwa ndokuzivisa anokunda.

January 20:[[[FLT: 1] Mutongi naMutongi weSangano weSangano raPurezidhendi anotanga hofisi yeHofisi ndokuva Mutungamiriri weUnited States uye Mutungamiriri weProfesi weUnited States, zvichitevedzana.

Kufungidzira Kusina Kururama Kunowanzoitwa Pamusoro Pezviverengero Zvokugadzira Zvokudya Zvikuru

Mafungiro akasiyana - siyana okusanzwisisa anoramba achiitwa pamusoro pokuti vhoti dzinosarudzwa dzinoverengwa sei uye kuti vakuru vakuru vakasiyana - siyana vanoita basa rakadini mukuita izvi.

Mutungamiriri weHurumende Haagoni Kuramba Mibato Yamabiko

Chimwe chisimbwa chinokosha chakawana ngwariro mukati mesarudzo 2020 yakanga iri pfungwa yokuti mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi ane simba rokugamuchira kana kuti kuramba vhoti dzevhoti. Electoral Count Reform Act ya2022 yakajekesa kuti basa romutevedzeri wapurezidhendi nderetsika bedzi uye roushumiri. Mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi anovhura magwaro ozotungamirira pakuverengwa asi haana chiremera chokusarudza kuti vhoti ipi inoshanda kana kuti kuchinja mugumisiro.

Kuzivisa Zvinobudisa Nhau Hakusi Migumisiro Yapamutemo

Zvisinei, izvi hazvisi zvibereko zvepamutemo. Muitiro wehurumende unobatanidza kunyora magwaro ehurumende, musangano wevavhoti muna December, uye nhamba yedare muna January. Nepo kubudisa nhau kwakarurama zvikuru, kunomirira kudeya kutaura kwakaziviswa pane kusarudzwa nemutemo.

Mugove Wakakurumbira Wakasiyana Newemari

Zvinobvira kuwina Electoral College asi kurasikirwa nevoti yakakurumbira, uye izvi zvakaitika muna 2016, 2000, uye katatu muma1800. Ikoku kunoitika nemhaka yokuti Electoral College inotora mibayiro pahwaro hwehurumende panzvimbo pehwaro hwevhota rakakurumbira renyika. Mutevedzeri anogona kuhwina purezidhendi nokuwana nyika dzakakwana kusvika mavhoti 270, kunyange kana mumwe muvhoti akawana akakwana avhota munyika yose.

Kuwanika Nenzira Yakajeka uye Kuwanikwa Kwavose

Kunyange zvazvo Electoral College ichisanganisira mabasa akawanda anoitwa nehurumende, inotaura zvakasiyana - siyana pakuwana kwainoitwa nevanhu vose maererano nezvinenge zvichiitwa.

Zvinowanzoitwa, vhoti dzeHurumende imwe neimwe panzvimbo yadzo yeHurumende, uye Hurumende imwe neimwe inosarudza kana kuvhota kwakazarukira vanhu. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vagari vemo nezvinobudisa nhau kuti vachengete vhoti inovhota, nepo dzimwe dzichiita muitiro wacho pasina kubvumirwa navanhu vose.

Kune avo vanofarira kucherechedza kuvhota kwehurumende, kuonana nehofisi yagavhuna kana kuti munyori wehurumende kunogona kupa mashoko pamusoro pemiitiro yokuwana nokuona. Tsamba dzacho pachadzo dzinova zvinyorwa zvavose zvakambopfuudzwa kuNational Archives, zvichipa kujeka kunyange kana mutoo wokuvhota wacho chaiwo usina kujeka.

Kutsoropodza uye Kukurudzira Kuchinja Zvinhu

Electoral College yave iri nhau yenharo inopfuurira munhau yose yeAmerica, navatsoropodzi navadziviriri vachipa mirangariro yakasiana - siana pamusoro pezvainakira nezvinokangaidza.

Kupokana Kwokuchinja Zvinhu

Vatsoropodzi veElectoral College vanotaura kuti inoparira zvinetso zvinoverengeka nokuda kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeAmerica. Gadziriro yacho inogona kuguma napurezidhendi asina kuwina vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika, iyo vamwe vanorangarira seisina democratic. Muwinwi waro wose unoshandiswa nehurumende zhinji unoreva kuti vanoda kunyanyofunga nezvemakwikwi okukwikwidza hurumende asi vachifuratira zvikuru hurumende dzinodeya kuzivikanwa kuti dzinoguma nei.

Mukuwedzera, mutoo wokugoverwa unopa uremu husingaenzaniswi kunyika duku. Mukuwirirana nechiverengero chavagari vemo cha 2023 fungidziro, vhoti imwe inovhoterwa muWyoming nokuda kwavanhu vanenge 194 000, nepo vhoti muTexas, Florida kana kuti California inoita maakaundi anopfuura 700 000. Ikoku kunoreva kuti vavhoti munyika duku vane simba rakasarudzwa zvikuru pamunhu mumwe nomumwe kupfuura vavhoti munyika huru zvikuru.

Nharo Dzokuchengetedza

Vadziviriri veElectoral College vanotaura kuti inobatira zvinangwa zvinokosha mugadziriro yehurumende yeAmerica. Gadziriro yacho inovimbisa kuti vakwikwidzani vehurumende vanofanira kuvaka zvikwata zvakasiyana - siyana zvomunharaunda pane kuisa pfungwa dzavo pamaguta ane vanhu vakawanda. Inochengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu eUnited States kupfurikidza nokuita kuti nyika dzive basa mukusarudzwa kwapurezidhendi.

Vatsigiri vanocherechedzawo kuti Electoral College yakabudisa vakundi vakawanda uye yakabatsira kutsiga mune zvematongerwe enyika. Mukundi anokunda munyika dzakawanda anowanzokudza micheto yorukundo, achipa muwirwa simba rakasimba kupfuura mucheto wevhoti chete.

Chibvumirano Chenyika Chakakurumbira cheVote Interstate

Chikarakadzo chimwe chokuvandudza chakawana bvumirano iNational Popular Vote Interstate Convention. Muiyi bvumirano, masangano angaita mutongo wevhoti yawo yakasarudzwa kumukundi wevhoti yakakurumbira yorudzi panzvimbo pomukundi wevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika yavo. Mubatanidzwa waizova bedzi wetapuro kana nyika dzangobatira mavhoti 270 anenge akumbanira, achivimbisa kuti muwani wevhoti akakurumbira wenyika yose aizova purezidhendi.

Izvi zvaizoita kuti nyika ive nevhoti yakakurumbira yapurezidhendi pasina kuda kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo.

Misangano Yepakoreji YeElectoral

Sarudzo yakaitwa napurezidhendi ya2020 yakaunzazve ngwariro kugadziriro yeElectoral College ndokusimbisa kuderera kwetsika kwakatungamirira kuElectoral Count Reform Act ya2022.

Pashure pesarudzo 2020, vamwe vanhu vakaedza kuita zvikwereti zvakasiyana zvavavhoti munyika dzakahwinwa naPurezidhendi Biden. Pashure pejarudzo ra2020, rakanzi "fake" vavhoti veRepublic muhurumende nomwe dzehondo dzakahwinwa naPurezidhendi Biden vakasangana zvisinei ndokuvhota zvenhema nokuda kwaTrump, uye pomero dzehurumende dzeutsotsi dzakachengetwa mukurwisana navavhoti vokunyepedzera muGeorgia, Michigan neNevada.

Zviitiko izvi zvakaratidza kukosha kwemiitiro yakajeka uye kudzivirira kwakasimba mukuverenga kunoitwa nevavhoti.Electoral Count Reform Act yakataura zvakawanda zveizvi zvainetsa nokujekesa basa remutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, kumutsa mukana wokuramba kubatanidzwa, uye kusimbisa muitiro wokuita kuti pave nemitemo.

Mitoro Yenhano Dzehurumende

Kunyange zvazvo Electoral College iri sangano rehurumende, hurumende dzine mutoro mukuru wokusarudza uye kugadza vavhoti.

Hurumende imwe neimwe (inosanganisira Ruwa rweColumbia nokuda kweElectoral College) inosarudza nzira yokugadza nayo vavhoti vayo; zvisinei, vanofanira kuita kudaro maererano nomutemo wakaitwa Zuva Rokusarudza risati rasvika, uye panguva ino, nyika dzose dzinoshandisa migumisiro yakakurumbira yokuvhota kwakaitwa nevhoti rehurumende kuti dzisarudze kuti nderipi sangano rezvematongerwe enyika rinosarudza vanhu vanosarudzwa.

Dare rehurumende rine chiremera chikuru chokusarudza mutoo wokusarudza nawo vavhoti, kunyange zvazvo chiremera ichi chisina kuganhurirwa. Dare rakati hurumende dzinofanira kuremekedza dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo uye hadzigoni kusarura kodzero dzokuvhota. Chinodikanwa chokuti mutoo wacho utange Zuva Rokuvhota usati wasvika chinodzivisa kuchinja mitemo pashure pokuona migumisiro yacho.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Dzose

Nyika dzakawanda dzinosarudza musoro wadzo wehurumende kuburikidza nevhoti yakakurumbira kana kuti kusarudzwa kweparamende.

Kunzwisisa Electoral College kunoda kuziva kuti United States ihurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu panzvimbo pokubatana kwehurumende.Gwaro racho rinopa basa mukusarudzwa kwoupurezidhendi, richiratidza kuti purezidhendi anomiririra vanhu uye hurumende.

Mabhuku Emamwe Mashoko

Nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka mashoko okuwedzera pamusoro peElectoral College uye kuti vhoti dzinosarudzwa dzinoverengwa sei, zviwanikwa zvine simba zvinoverengeka zvinowanika:

National Archives and Records Administration inochengeta mashoko akazara pamusoro pomuitiro weElectoral College, kubatanidza miuyo yenhau, zvinyorwa zvevhoti, uye tsananguro dzine udzame dzemiitiro. Website yavo pa .gov/eletal-college inogovera mapepa epamutemo nezviwanikwa zvedzidzo.

Commission yeSarudzo inopa mashoko pamusoro pomutemo wesarudzo nemiitiro zvehurumende, kunyange zvazvo isina chiremera chakananga pamusoro pomuitiro weElectoral College.

Mahofisi eState state of State anopa mashoko pamusoro pemiitiro yakajeka yehurumende yokugadza vavhoti nokuitisa sarudzo purezidhendi. Muitiro wenyika imwe neimwe ungasiana muudzame, kuita kuti zviwanikwa zvenzvimbo zvive zvinokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa miitiro yomunzvimbomo.

Serivisi yeNzvero yeChibvumirano inobudisa mishumo ine udzame paElectoral College iyo inogovera mashoko enhau, rondedzero yapamutemo, uye tsananguro dzemiitiro. Iyi mishumo inowanika kupfurikidza namawebsite ehurumende akasiana- siyana namaraibhurari.

mhedziso

Kubva pakusarudzwa kwavavhoti kwakavakirwa pamavhoti akakurumbira ehurumende akakurumbira, kupfurikidza nokusangana kwavo mudzimbahwe rehurumende muna December, kusvikira kuuwandu hwokupedzisira hwedare muna January, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinobatira donzo chairo mukuvimbisa sarudzo yapamutemo neinojeka yapurezidhendi.

Kunzwisisa izvi kunokosha kuti munhu ave mugari weko ane ruzivo, kunyange zvazvo Electoral College ichiri kunetsana uye ichiramba ichiitiranwa nharo, inoramba ichishanda senzira yepamutemo yokusarudza purezidhendi uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi weUnited States.

Kana munhu achitsigira kana kuti kushora Electoral College, achinzwisisa kuti inoshanda sei chaizvoizvo — kubatanidza miitiro yakananga yokuverenga mavhoti akasarudzwa ne() ingagona kutora rutivi zvikuru muhurukuro yedemocracy pamusoro pesarudzo dzeAmerica. Kuoma kunzwisisa kwegadziriro yacho kunoratidzira mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende yeAmerica uye dzikamo yokungwarira pakati pehurumende nechiremera chenyika iyo yakaratidzira United States chibviro chayo.

Sezvo vaAmerica vanopfuurira kukurukura zvakafanirwa neElectoral College, muitiro mukuru wokuverenga mavhoti anosarudzwa unoramba uri musimboti wesarudzo yapurezidhendi, uchivimbisa kuti simba rinotamiswa norugare uye nenzira yapamutemo mukuwirirana nemiitiro yebumbiro remitemo yakagadzwa.