Kunzwisisa Kuwanika Kwezvoutano Hwemo: Chivako Chikuru Chokugara Nevanhu

Kukwanisa kurapa kwomunzvimbomo isimba revanhu kuwana mabasa ezvoutano akakodzera panguva yakakodzera, anodiwa, uye akakodzera munzanga yavo vamene. Hakusi kungovapowo zvako kwechipatara kana kuti kiriniki; ipfungwa yakasiyana - siyana inosarudza kana vagari vemo vanogona kuwana chaizvoizvo tarisiro pavanenge vachiida. World Health Organization inorondedzera kusvika se “kuwana kwokuwana uye kuwana mabasa okutarisira utano akakodzera mumamiriro ezvinhu okuda kufungwa,” anotsamira pamativi mashanu makuru: kuwanikwa, kukwanisa kuwanikwa, kuwanikwa, kukwanisa, kukwanisa kuwanikwa, uye kugamuchirwa - kazhinji kacho kunzi “kusvika kwoutano. ”

Mativi Mashanu Okuwana Kwoutano

Kuwanika: Mugove Wakakwana Wemasangano

Kushanda kwemazino kunoreva kana zvishandiso zvokurapa zvakakwana zviripo munharaunda yakapiwa. Ikoku kunobatanidza nhamba yezvipatara, makiriniki okutanga, mahofisi ezvokutarisira anokurumidzira, nzvimbo dzeutano hwepfungwa, uye miitiro yemazino zvinowirirana nevagari vemo. H. Health Resources and Service Administration (HRA) inobatanidza Hurumende yezveutano yeHealth Shortge Areares (HPS) umo reshirts dzinova pasi pezvitsauko zvehurumende. Somuenzaniso, maHPSA mazita anopfuura 7 000 000 aripo muUnited States, anotapura vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni 100. Mbango dzinoganhurirwa vanhu vanofamba kuti vafambe madaro marefu kana kuti vatarisire chose chose.

Kuwanikwa: Nzvimbo dzinogara Dziripo uye Zvokufambisa

Kuwanikwa kunopfuura kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu; kunoyera kana vanhu vachigona kusvika mumuviri mabasa iwayo. Miganhu yezvokufambisa iri pakati pemhinganidzo dzinodudzwa zvikurusa dzokutarisira, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa umo kufamba kwavanhu vose kuri kushoma. 2022 nzvero ne National Institutes of Health[ yakawana kuti vanhu veAmerica vanononoka kurapa pagore nemhaka yokuti havana chokufambisa chakavimbika. Kuwanika kunobatanidzawo nguva yokufamba, migariro yemigwagwa, kuwanika kwemotokari, uye kuva pedyo kwemabasa muzvikoro, mabasa, uye nharaunda dzinogara vanhu.

Nzvimbo Yokugara: Nzira Iyo Masangano Anosvitsa Nayo Zvinodiwa Nemurwere

Kurongedza nzvimbo dzokugara kunorangarira kuti mabasa okutarisira utano akarongwa sei kuti asvitse purogiramu nekariro zvavarwere. Ikoku kunobatanidza maawa ekiriniki (mutomo, manheru nokupera kwevhiki), kumira nguva, mitoo yokufamba, mabasa okududzira mutauro, uye kungwara kwetsika dzevashandi. Apo zvipatara zvinoshanda bedzi mukati memaawa ebhizimisi anowanzo, vakuru vanoshanda vangaparapatika kuti vapinde kuronge pasina kuzorora vasingabhadharwi. Nenzira yakafanana, varwere vanotaura chiNgezi chishoma kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nenguva refu kana kuti vanosangana nezvinoshairwa kana mabasa avaturikiri.

Kukosha: Ndyiko Nechifukidzo cheInishuwarenzi

Kuchengeteka zvichida ndicho mhinganidzo inozivikanwa zvikuru. Kunyange apo mabasa anenge aripo pedyo, mari inodhura zvikuru, mari isingabhadharwi, mari inobhadharwa, uye kushaikwa kweinishuwarenzi zvinogona kudzivisa vanhu kutsvaka kutarisirwa. Ruwa rweCensus Bureaundial yeU. inoshuma kuti inenge mamiriyoni 27,5 eAmerica akanga asina inishuwarenzi youtano muna 2021, uye mamwe mamiriyoni aideredzwa. Kushanda kunobatanidzawo ndyiko dzakananga dzakadai semari yakarasika mukati meshanyo dzezvokurapa uye ndyiko. Zviwirirano nemwero yakakwirira zvikuru yavagari vemo vasina kudzivirirwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinoona mwero yetarisiro yezvipata dzinodziviswa.

Kubvumika: Kuvimba Netsika

Kugamuchirwa kunoratidzira kana mabasa okutarisira utano achiremekedza uye achigamuchira zvitendero zvokushivirira, zvido, uye mamiriro ezvinhu etsika. Varwere vane bviro huru yokutevera zano rezvokurapa ndokuchengeta tarisiro yenguva dzose apo vagoveri vanoratidzira wirirano yetsika. Rusarurano, rusaruro, kana kuti chinyorwa chenhau (zvakadai sefundo yeTskegee njovheni) inogona kubvisa chivimbo, zvikurukuru pakati pezvishomanene zvedzinza nedzinza. [[FLT:] Kuwedzera nokuda kweHUNGUKO Rwoutano neHWMF mushumo unopfuurira mukutarisirwa kwevarakadza kwevara rinovavara ritema, chiShuni, chiShomato, uye vanhu vezvizvarwa, zvakasundwa murutivi nokugamuchirwa kwakaderera kwemabasa.

Kukosha Kwokuwana Utano Hwomunzvimbomo: Chikonzero Nei Kuchikosha Nokuda Kwavanhu Nenzanga

Apo nzanga dzinogona kuwana tarisiro iri nyore, dzinowana mwero yakaderera yokufa, kutarisirwa kuri nani kwemigariro isingaperi, uye kuderedzwa kwezvoutano kunotora nguva yakati.

Kudzivirira Hosha Nokukurumidza Kuonekwa

Kusvika kwenguva dzose kutarisiro huru kunogonesa mabasa akadai sekudzivirira kudzivirira, kuongororwa kwekenza, kunzvera BP, uye kunzverwa kwecholesterol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inofungidzira kuti 60% yavakuru veAmerica vane hosha imwe isingaperi, uye mizhinji yeiyi migariro ingagona kudziviswa kana kuti kunonotswa nokuongororwa kwenguva dzose. Somuenzaniso, mwero yekenza yeruvara rweropa inoyera inodokukwira 20% munzvimbo dzine simba guru rokutarisira rinoenzaniswa nenzvimbo dzinochengetwa. Kunzvera kwokukurumidza hakungoponesi upenyu bedzi asi kunoderedza mutoro wemari wokurapa kwakakwirira.

Kutarisirwa Kwemamiriro Ezvinhu Asingaperi

Zvirwere zvisingaperi zvakadai seshuga, BP, asima, uye hosha yemwoyo zvinoda kutarisirwa nguva dzose, kutevedzerwa kwemishonga, uye kutevedzerwa. Kuwanika kwenyanzvi dzemo, mapurogiramu okutarisira hosha, uye dzidzo yokushivirira zvinobatsira vanhu kuti vadzore mamiriro ezvinhu. American Diabetes Association inoshuma kuti varwere vane chirwere cheshuga vasinganyanyi kukwanisa kutarisirwa nehotera kunenge kutadza kushanda kweitsvo kana kuti kuvharwa. Pasina vagovaki vari pedyo, varwere vanowanzotsamira padzimba dzekurumidziro, dzinodhura uye dzinoshanda zvishoma pane kutarisirwa kukuru.

Kutarisira Kwekurumidziro Nemhinduro Inodenha

Nhamo dzinoda kukurumidzirwa dzinoda kurapwa nokukurumidza. Kushanda kwedhipatimendi rekurumidziro kana kuti nzvimbo inorwarisa kunobatsira kuti munhu asafe. Varwere vanobatwa neStrock vanosvika mu “awa yendarama” (maminitsi 60 okutanga) vane migumisiro iri nani zvikuru, asi vagari vomumaruwa kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nemotokari dzinopfuura maminitsi 60 nemhaka yokuvharwa kwezvivako. Kuvharwa kwezvipatara zvomumaruwa muUnited States kwawedzera mumakore gumi apfuura, nezvipatara zvinopfuura 140 zvokumaruwa zvinovharwa kubvira muna 2010, zvinokanganisa kubatwa kwekurumidziro kwekurumidziro.

Utano Hwepfungwa Nekushandisa Zvinhu Zviduku

Kusvika kwomunzvimbomo kuutano hwendangariro kunokosha zvakafanana. National Institute of Mental Health kunoratidzira kuti anenge mumwe muvakura vashanu veUnited States anorarama nechirwere chendangariro, bva inopfuura hafu haiwani kurapwa kwapachimbi nguva dzose nemhaka yokuti hakuna mugove uri pedyo. Njodzi dzechibharo, kubatanidza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwendangariro, kunoda kurapa kwakasiyana kunobatanidza mishonga, kupa zano, uye tsigiro yenzanga. Masangano ane manyuko akaderera ezvoutano hwendangariro anoona mwero yakakwirira yokuzviuraya, shanyo dzekurumidziro dzehosha dzendangariro, uye kushaya musha kukuru. Telehealth akabuda sechigadziro chezvikamu, asi varwere vazhinji vanoshaiwa mishonga yakafara kana kuti nzvimbo dzevoga dzeshanyo dzinodokuva.

Kutapura Vagari Vemo Vanoshayiswa Mutengo

Mapoka anodzorwa nenziyo nenziyo nenziyo nedzisingadzoreki (kubatanidza mhuri dzevakwegura, dzinowana mari shoma, vanhu vakaremara, vatami vasina kunyorwa, uye vanhu vashoma vanobva mumadzinza) vanotakura mutoro wakaoma wekuwana utano. Zviverengero izvi zvinowanzotarisana nemipingamupinyi yakadai semisiyano yemari, mitauro, kusagona kunyora zvakanaka kweutano, uye rusaruro. Somuenzaniso, Medicare anobetsera mumisha mishavo 60% mikana yokurega kutarisira zvinodikanwa kupfuura izvo zviri mumaguta. Kutaura nezvazvo kukwanisira uku hakusi nhau yeruramisiro; kunovandudza utano hwevanhu vose. World Health Organization yakatongesa inosimbisa kuti “hafu yekodzero yekodzero yemunhu yomunhu yogaro" uye kuti kukwanisa kusvika kugona kuva noutano ibasa guru rehurumende negadziriro dzoutano.

Zvinetso Zvikuru Zvokuwana Utano Hwomunharaunda

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwayo, nzanga dzakawanda dzinotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinotyisa dzinodzivisa kuwana zvakazara kukwanisa kurapa kwomunzvimbomo.

Nhamo Dzebasa

United States inotarisana neperevedzo inofungidzirwa kuva 124 000 navanachiremba panosvika 2034, ine tarisiro huru nenharaunda dzomumaruwa dzakarovanywa zvikurusa. Vanachiremba, vabetseri vevanachiremba, uye nyanzvi dzezvoutano hwendangariro vari mupfupi. Sangano reAmerican Medical Colleges rinonyora kuti inenge 60% yeHPS se iri mumaruwa kana kuti murutivi rwokumaruwa. Kuperevedza kwebasa kunotungamirira kunguva dzokuranga, kuderedza kupfuurira kwetarisiro, uye kuneta pakati pavachengeti vemari vakasara. Mune dzimwe nguva, vagari vemo vanofanira kumirira mwedzi mina kusvikira kumwedzi mitanhatu nokuda kwokurangarirwa kukuru kwemurwere.

Kusawirirana Kwemaruwa: Mumaruwa Mune Misi Mirefu.

Nzanga dzomumaruwa dzinotarisana nguva dzose nokusvika kwakaipa zvikuru kupfuura kunoitwa mumaguta. Office yeHurumende yeU.S. inoshuma kuti vagari vomumaruwa vane zvipatara zvishoma, nyanzvi, uye mabasa ekurumidziro. Chifo cha2010, zvipatara zvinopfuura 150 zvokumaruwa zvakavharwa kana kuti kuchinjwa kuva nzvimbo dzokuchengetera dzakaganhurirwa, zvichisiya nharaunda huru dzisina kutarisirwa. Mitezo yeObstetric iri kunyangarika pamwero inokatyamadza; vanopfuura 50% vemitengo yomumaruwa havana nzvimbo yokubereka inovakwa nechipatara, zvichiguma ne “marenje okutarisira vana.” izvo zvinowedzera ngozi yokufa kwavana.

Misiyano Yeinishuwarenzi

Kunyange neAffordal Care Act, mamiriyoni anoramba asina kutengeswa kana kuti asina kubhadharwa. Nyika dzisina kuwedzera Medicaid dzine mwero yakakwirira zvikuru isina kutsarukana pakati pavakuru vanotambira mari shoma. Pasina inishuwarenzi, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanowanzononoka kutarisirwa kusvikira mamiriro ezvinhu ava akaipa zvikuru, zvichitungamirira kumibhadharo yakakwirira nemigumisiro yakaipisisa. Varwere vane utachiona vanotarisana nezvinovatadzisa kuzadza mishonga kana kuti kutevera nyanzvi. Chiteshi cheCommoficial Fund chinofungidzira kuti mumwe muvana vanoshanda anobatwa pasi pemari inopfumbadzwa, kureva kuti vanopedza mari yakaderera pa10% yemari yavo pamari youtano.

Kudzidza Nezvoutano uye Kufamba Nengarava

Kugona kuziva nezveutano (wwwn asscription) (kukwanisa kuwana, mutoo, uye kunzwisisa mashoko outano) chinhu chikuru asi chinowanzofuratirwa. National Assessment of Adult Literacy yakawana kuti 12% bedzi yavakuru veU.S. vane unyanzvi hwokugona kurava nounyanzvi. Varwere vazhinji vanoparapatika kuti vanzwisise mashoko einishuwarenzi, mirayiridzo, kana kuti nzira yokuronga nayo kuronga. Maslectum commorractives, uye marekodhirectal outano anoparadza translationsmss. Varwending vane sy vane unyanzvi hwokusagona kudzivirira mishonga, uye kurasika muchipatara nokuda kwemiedzo.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvemitemo uye Zvekutungamirira

Mitemo yetsika yehurumende inogona kuganhurira ganhuriro dzemiitiro nokuda kwavanachiremba, vabetseri vezvipatara, uye vagadziri vemishonga, ichiganhurira mano avo okugovera tarisiro munharaunda dzakachengetwa. Mitemo yesatifiketi yezvinodikanwa mune dzimwe nyika inoda tendero yokudzoresa pamberi pokuvaka zvivako zvitsva kana kuti mabasa anokura, ayo anogona kudzivisa miganhu. Kuwedzera, telehealth ganhurtisss sezvinodikanwa zvokushanyira murumana rwechipfuva chetsocheche pamberi pokubvunza kunodokubvunza [1] Zvipingamupinyi zvezvikamu zvinotsamira pakutarisira kure. Mitevedzo inorerudza mira inorerudzo iyi yakaratidzwa kuvandudzika kuvandudza pasina kukuvara chengeteko.

Zvirongwa Zvokuvandudza Kukwanisa Kutarisira Utano Kwomunzvimbomo

Kukunda mhinganidzo dzokuwana kunoda nzira dzakawanda dzinobatanidza gadziriro dzezvoutano, vagadziri vemiitiro, masangano enzanga, uye masangano okutarisira zvinhu. Nzvero dzinotevera dzakaratidza kubudirira mukuwedzera kuwanika kwomunzvimbomo.

Basa Rokutambanudza Terehealth

Telehealth yakaputika mukati medenda reCOVID-19 uye yakaramba iri nzvimbo yechigarire. Inoderedza nguva yokufamba, inobvumira nyanzvi kusvika nharaunda dzomumaruwa, uye inotsigira kutarisirwa kwehosha dzisingaperi dzinobva kumba. Department of Health and Human Services yakashuma kuti shanyo dzemari yakawedzera neka 63 mugore rokutanga redenda. Kutsigira kufambira mberi, mitemo inofanira kuvimbisa kuti Internet yakavhurika, inodzosera telemedicine painenge iri mutarisiro yakareverwa, uye kupfavisa mativi echiuto kunodzika mitsetse yehurumende.

Purogiramu Dzevashandi Voutano Vomunzanga

Vashandi vezvoutano vomunzanga (CHWs) vanovimbwa navashandi vezvoutano vehurumende vanobatanidza vagari vemo kuti vauye kubasa, vanogovera dzidzo youtano, uye vanopa tsigiro yenzanga. CHWs zvinoshanda zvikuru munzanga shomanene dzinochengetwa navagari vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. 2021 mu National Library of Medicine yakawana kuti kupindira kwekenza kunowedzera zvikuru mwero yokuongorora kwekedzero yeropa, uye kuderera kwemirayiridzo yeropa muchipatara. Kupa mijekedzo yezvigadzirwa zvechiwiro chePROW uye kutsigira mari kunogona kuvhara mipata pakati pezvipatara nezvinodikanwa zvenzanga.

Zvipatara Zveutano Zvinofamba Nemotokari Nemasangano Outano Akavakirwa Pachikoro

Zvipatara zvemotokari zvinounza tarisiro huru, mabasa okudzivirira mazino, uye kuongororwa zvakananga kunharaunda dzisina zvivako zvakatsiga. Dare reMobile Healthcarety Association rinofungidzira kuti kune masangano outano anopfuura 2 000 muU.S., rimwe nerimwe richibatira mazana kusvikira kuzviuru zvavarwere gore negore. Nenzira yakafanana, nzvimbo dzoutano dzechikoro dzinogovera tarisiro iri nani kuvana navechiduku, kukurukura chinhu chiri chose kubva pakudzivirira zvirwere zvendangariro kusvikira kuzano routano.

Kufambira Mberi Kwebasa Nokuyeuka

Kupedza kuperevedza kwavashandi kunoda kurongerwa mapurogiramu okunyoresa nokudzoserazve. Zvirongwa zvokudzosera mari, zvakadai seNational Health Service Corps, zvinopa vatarisiri kuti vashande muHPS Shengete nokubhadhara zvikwereti zvavadzidzi mukutsinhana nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvebasa. Kuwedzera mapurogiramu epaipi inorovedza mabasa okumaruwa uye vadzidzi vashoma vanogona kugadzira mabasa akasiyana- siyana uye akadzikamiswa. Mapurogiramu okutarisira akadai seProject ECHO anobvumira vatarisiri vokutanga munharaunda dzinochengetedzwa kubvunza nyanzvi dzezvokurapa, kuwedzera kwourongwa hwokushanda kwomunzvimbomo hwokushanda kwakasiyana - siyana.

Kudzidza Nezvoutano uye Kufamba Nengarava Kunoshivirira

Kuvandudza kugona kunyora nounyanzvi hwezvoutano kwakagonesa varwere kuita zvisarudzo zvine zivo nokushandisa gadziriro yacho nenzira inobudirira. Kupindira kuri nyore kufanana nezvishandiso zvomutauro wakajeka, mitoo yokudzidzisa, uye mabasa okufamba nengarava (panotungamira varwere vakarovedzwa kupfurikidza nezvirongwa, zvimiro zveinishuwarenzi, uye mapeyinta) kwakabvumikisa kuva kunoshanda. Mutengi wokurovedza kurovedza muviri anopa ufakazi hwepashure hwakavakirwa kuvafambi vengarava. Mitezo youtano inogona kupinza dzidzo yezvoutano mumarekodhiropu yezve youtano yemagetsi, ichishandisa maachimbishi kuti ishandise mutauro uri nyore kana kuti igove yamuro dzinobatsira kuona.

Kuchinja Kwemabhizimisi Neinishuwarenzi

Kushanda kweMedicaid nokuda kwokuwedzera, mienzaniso inobhadharwa mari, uye kubviswa kwemitemo inoganhurira inoshandiswa kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru kuwanikwa. Nyika dzakawedzera Medicaid dzakaona kuderera kukuru mukusashanda uye kunonoka kushoma mukutarisira. Nhamburiko dzemitemo dzinofanirawo kunangidzira ngwariro pakudzikamisa zvipatara zvakawedzerwa kupfurikidza nemari inobhadharwa uye mimwe mibhadharo inopa miuyo yeutano yavagari vemo panzvimbo pouwandu. Masangano outano (Maparefekirwo Ose Akakwane Masimba) anotsamira pamipiro yehurumende uye anofanira kugamuchira mari inotsigirwa kuti apfuurire kubatira mumwe muvagari vokumaruwa mashanu.

mhedziso

Kuwana kwoutano kwomunzvimbomo hakusati kuri kwoumbozha asi kuganhurira kukuru kwoutano hwavagari vemo, chengeteko yemari, uye wirirano yenzanga. Sezvo nzanga dzinotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinopfuurira dzebasa (kuperevedza kwesimba rokushanda, nzvimbo yokuzviparadzanisa, nzvimbo, miganhu yeinishuwarenzi, uye denho dzoutano) kunokosha kuisa mhinduro dzinooneka mumativi mashanu okupinda. Kukura kwemitengo yenzanga, vashandi vemabero, kukura kwamabasa, uye chinjo dzemitemo zvose zvinopa nzira kugadziriro umo munhu ari wose anogona kuwana nguva yakafanira, kukwanisa, uye kutarisirwa nokuremekedza. Kupfurikidza nokuwana kwokuwana kwomunzvimbomo nhasi, tinoisa nheyo yeutano, inowedzera zvikuru yenzanga dzezvizvarwa kuti dziuye.