Kuwana Kuenzana Kunoitwa Kero Dzevemari dzeAustralia Kupfurikidza Nemitemo Yemari

Hurumende yeAustralia inobatira sesangano guru rezvemari rine mutoro wokupa zano kuhurumende pamusoro pomuitiro wemari, kudzorwa kwemari, uye kuchinja kwezvemari. Chimwe chezvinhu zvayo zvokutanga zvinogara zviri kugadzirisa kusaenzana kwemari inotambirwa - kugoverwa kusina kukodzera kwemari muvagari vemo. Kupfurikidza nomubatanidzwa wemitero inofambira mberi, mitero inotanhamariswa, uye bhizimisi, Kondirasi yemari inoshanda kukuva inopesana pakati nepakati, inowedzera kuteramo, uye kutsigira chengeteko yemari. Nyaya inonzvera mashandiro, miuyo, uye mipimo yomunguva yemberi yenzira yemari yemari yemari yokuwana mari muAustralia.

Kunzwisisa Kusaenzana Kunosvika muAustralia

Kusaenzana kwemari kunoyera mukaha pakati pedzimba dzinowana mari yakakwirira nedzinotambira mari yakaderera. MuAustralia, giratisi inowanzoshandiswa zvikurusa iGiniconation, umo 0 inomirira kuenzana kwakakwana uye 1 inomirira kusaenzana kwakakwana. Mukuwirirana ne Australian Bureaution of Statistics , mari yeGinicodeficity yeAustralia yaicherekedzwa nokuda kwemikahando yapavhuro yapamusha yakanga iri 0,10201920.20. Nepo iyi Australia ichiisa pasi zvishoma peavhareji yeOECD ye 0.39, inoratidzira nhambo yekusaenzana kwamakore yakadzikamarefuteverwa makore anotevera okuwedzera muna 1980 na1990.

Vatyairi vemari yavanotambira vakasiyana - siyana uye vakabatana:

  • Kushambadza kwemari: Kuchinja kwemitengo yemari nejeni zvakaderedza kudikanwa kwokugadzirwa kwenguva dzose navashandi vakuru nepo zvichiwedzera kudzorwa pamabasa enyanzvi akakwirira. Uku “kubviswa kwamabasa anowanwa pakati-pakati kwave kuri simba guru mukukwira kwemitengo inowana mari.
  • Kuisa ngwariro paupfu: Kukura kwemutengo kwakatemwa, zvikurukuru mudzimba nemukurumbira, kwakabetsera nenzira isingaenzaniswi mhuri dzakwegura, dzakapfuma zvikuru. 20% dzemhuri dzakapfuma zvikurusa dzeAustralia dzine inopfuura 60% yepfuma yapachivande yose, mukuwirirana ne Institute .
  • [ Kusaenzana: Kuwana dzidzo yakanaka nokurovedza kunotapura mikana yokuwana. Avo vane zvikwaniriso zvokuwana vanowana zvikuru paavhareji kupfuura avo vasina, uye kuwanda kwakawedzera nokufamba kwenguva.
  • Miitiro yetsika: Kukura, kukwira kwemhuri dzine munhu mumwe, uye kuwedzera kwokusanyanyoita basa zvose zvakaparira kuparadzirwa kwemari.
  • Kuwana mari:[[[FLT: 1] mitengo inokwira yedzimba nerendi zvinomanikidzira mhuri dzinowana mari yakaderera neyapakati, zvikurukuru mumaguta makuru, zvichideredza mari inoraswa uye kusaenzana kunowedzera kwomukana.

Bhuku rezvokushandisa reTreasury rinonyanya kutaura nezvokuchinja mari yavanowana, asi rinovavarirawo kugadzirisa kusaenzana kwemarongerwo akaitwa zvinhu nokuisa mari muhomwe dzemari mudzimbahwe revanhu uye munzanga.

Tsika Dzinoremekedzwa Dzakadzoserwa Neveimba

Zvishandiso zvikuru zveNzvimbo yeTreasury zvokugadzirisa kusaenzana kwemari inowanwa zvinoshanda kupfurikidza negadziriro yomutero nokuendesa. Panzvimbo pokutsamira pamwero mumwe, inoshandisa nzira yakatsikirirwa iyo inonanga mapoka anotambira mari akasiyana - siyana uye mwero yezvikaro zvoupenyu.

Kubhadhara Mutero Kunofambira Mberi

Gadziriro yemitero yemari yomunhu oga yeAustralia inofambira mberi: mwero yomutero wakaderera zvikuru nemari inowanwa. Gore ra2024-25, mwero inotangira pa0% nokuda kwomutero wapachena (kusvikira ku $18 200,000) uye inokwira kusvika ku 45% nokuda kwemari inotambirwa inopfuura $190 000. Mutero wakaderera unoderedza mwero wemitero unoshanda kuvawani vemitero vakaderera. Kondirasi inodzosawo [FLT: 0] Medicareas Levy[ [2% yemari inobhadharwa, nokuregwa kweva vanobhadha) uye Revis Surverition yemari inotambirwa mari yakakwirira yezviwiso zvechipatara.

Mitero inofambira mberi inoderedza zvakananga kusaenzana kwemari inoraswa nemhaka yokuti vatambiri vemari vanogovera mugove mukuru wemari yavo kuti vatsigire mabasa avose nokutamiswa. Kudzorwa ne Australia Institute kunokarakadza kuti pasina zviyero zvemitero zvinofambira mberi, chiGinicobation chaizova chakakwirira zvikuru. Zvisinei, ndyiko dzemitero – dzakadai sokunyoreswa kwemibayiro yemari yavose (50% defitive), mipiro yemari, uye kupfumba kwakaipa - zvinobetsera kuwana mari inowana, kubetsera zvishoma kufambira mberi.

Kondirasi yeTreasur inohwirudzura nguva dzose muvhenganiswa wemitero kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti unoramba uri unowirirana uye unoshanda. Chinjo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzakabatanidza kuisa pembedzo yerefuro yerefuta yepenasiti yetendero nokuganhurira kushandiswa kwemari inokamuraniswa. Kunyanguvezvo, chinjo dzemitero dzinoramba dzichiva dzinotapukira mune zvamatongerwe enyika, uye zano revezvokutengeserana pakati pekururamisira, kusatambira zvakanaka, uye kuva nyore.

Kushandisa Zvakanaka Kwenzanga

Kuendeswa kudzimba kunoumba boka gurusa rehurumende rinopedza mari kunze kwetarisiro youtano neyavakwegura.

  • Penige:[[FT:1] A mubhadharo unoedzwa nokuda kwavakura, kugovera mambure okudzivirira nokuderedza urombo hwechikweri. Mudyandigere unoiswa kumibhadharo kana kuti mitengo, ipi kana ipi iri yakakwirira, uye inobatanidza zvokuwedzera nokuda kwerendi nezvinoiswa mumuviri.
  • Job Reserserver : Betsero huru yourovha. Kushambadzira kwave kuri kurukurirano inopfuudzira inopfuura kwenguva refu – mwero wakawedzerwa kwechinguvana mukati medenda asi kubvira ipapo wakaderedzwa, kunyange zvazvo wedzero yechigarire yakawedzerwa. Kunzvera kwemari kunoratidza kuti mwero yakakwirira yaJobho anotsvaka inoderedza kusaenzana asi inodawo kuzvidavirira nokuda kwokutsigirwa kwechipfuvara uye zvikarakadzo zvebasa.
  • [[FTB:0] Mutero Wemhuri Betsero (FTB):[[FLTB: 1] Zvinhu zviviri zvinobatsira mhuri navana: FTB Part A (yakavakirwa pakuwana mari) uye FTB Part B (pamhuri dzinowana imwe). Uku kutama kwakaratidzwa kuderedza zvikuru urombo hwavana.
  • Disability Tsvector Penssion (DSP)[[FT:1] uye [[FT:2] Mupiro wemari: Ipa tsigiro yemari kuavo vasingakwanisi kushanda nemhaka yourema kana kuti mitoro inoitira hanya.
  • Indaneti yeInishuwarenzi yeNational Disability Sceed (NDIS): Nepo isiri bedzi kusiiwa kwemari, mari yeNIDS inotsigira izvo zvinogonesa kutora rutivi kwenzanga nokwemari, zvichitapura nenzira isina kunanga kusaenzana kwemari kupfurikidza nokuderedza mutoro wemari padzimba.

Kuendeswa kunoshanda zvikuru mukuderedza kusaenzana. OECD yakafungidzira kuti mutero nokutamiswa kweAustralia zvakaderedza mari inotapurwa yeGini kubva munenge muna 0.47 kusvika ku0.32 mukupera kwema2010 – imwe yedzisimu hurusa munyika dzeOECD. Basa revevezve mari nderokuvimbisa kuti mapurogiramu aya anonyatsoiswa uye anotsigirwa mukutarisana nedzvinyiriro dzevagari vemo.

Zvipo Zvemitero Nebetsero

Zvisinei, inoshandisa mari yemitero yakarongwa uye mibayiro inobatsira kutsigira mhuri dzinowana mari yakaderera neyapakati:

  • Roul ne Fooom Infection Tax Moffat (LMTO) yakanga iri chiyero chechinguvana chakatangwa muna 2018 ndokubviswa pashure pa 2021-222. Kupera kwayo yakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuwedzera kwemitero inochetura inoshanda pavanowana mari vakaderera.
  • [ Vatsigiri naMapenisitaro Matatu ETS (SAPTO): vanoderedza bviro dzemitero kuvagamuchiri vezera romudyandigere nemari shomanene.
  • [[[Nto:0] Inishuwarenzi youtano Rebate: Yakananga zvikurukuru kukukurudzira kutora chifukidzo choutano chapachivande, kugadzirwa kwenzira kunotsigira mhuri dzinowanwa dzapakati.
  • [ Vana vanotarisirwa pasi: Mubhadharo wehurumende unoderedza ndyiko dzekutarisira mwana, uchigonesa vashandi kutora rutivi nokuda kwavabereki, zvikurukuru vanamai. Ikoku kune tapuro dzisina kunanga dzokusaenzana kupfurikidza nokutsigira mari dzemhuri nokukura kwouhwana.

Nhamba yeTreasurence inoyera idzi nzvimbo dzadzo nokuda kwemiuyo yadzo inoshanda. 2023 Inteneralical Report yakasimbisa kuti ndyiko zhinji dzemitero dzinokura nenzira isingachinjiki kana dzisati dzakaputirwa kana kuti kuchinjwa.

Kuderera Kwetsika

Nepo Fair Work Commission ichigadza National Leader, Treasurence inogovera nzvero yemari pamusoro petapuro yemibayiro. Mubhadharo wazvino uno (sokubvira muna July 2024) $4.10 paawa, kana kuti $915.90 pavhiki yeawa 38. Kuzviisa pasi kwevezvemari pamubhadharo wegore negore kungasimbisa dzikamo pakati pokudzivirira vashandi vanobhadharwa mari yakaderera nokuchengeta kukura kwebasa. Mwero mishomanene inogona kuderedza kusaenzana kwemisiyano yedzimba zvakananga, asi kana yakanyanyoiswa pamusoro pemadhora, ingatungamirira kurasikirwa nebasa rinokuvadza mapoka anenge asingakwanisi kubatwa.

Kupfuura mubhadharo wouriri, Treasury inotsigirawo mitemo inosimudzira kukurukurirana pamwe chete, rovedzo younyanzvi, uye kuvandudza maindasitiri - zvinorwa kwemabasa - bhizimisi — zvose zvinogona kusimbisa kukura kwemibairo nokuda kwavashandi vanotambira mari yakaderera. Zvisinei, gadziriro yebhizimisi yeAustralia yokuita purofiti yakaderera mukufukidzwa, uye basa remisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi rakanangidzira paukama hwenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuti dzitsigire zviri nani vashandi vanobhadharwa mari yakaderera nepo zvichiwedzera basa rokubudirira.

Kutapura Kuzvibata Kwavanhu

Muuyo wakabatanidzwa wemitero inofambira mberi nokutamiswa kworupo weAustralia inoita kuderera kukuru kwemari inotapurwa kubva pamusika kusvikira kumari inoraswa. Nheyo yeOECD kubva muna 2023 yakarangarira Australia seyakava nechetedzeko yechina huru mukusaenzana pakati pemitezo yayo, uye Gini ikaderera na32% pashure pemitero nokutamisirwa. Mwero weurombo wechiverengero chavagari vemo chinobva pa 24% (mari inotengeswa) kusvikira ku11% (mari inotambira inotambira.)

Zvisinei, pasara matambudziko makuru:

  • Kusaenzana kwemitengo yenzvimbo yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura kusaenzana kwemari. Chitsama chemari yeimba chiri munenge 0.62, mukuwirirana neABS. Zvishandiso zvevemari zvine pesvedzero yakananga pasvomhu, kunyange zvazvo mitero yenhaka (yakashatiswa muna 1979) yakakarakadzwa asi haina kuitwa.
  • Kuwana mari yakakukurwa kunobva mukutamiswa. Matandi pamari yakaderera anopedza mugove mukuru wemari yawo padzimba, uye mwero yemuri yokugara pakati pemapoka maduku yaderera. Mitemo yedzimba dzinokwanisa kuwanikwa + yakadai seFost Home Confictive nesvoms recureal homes - iripo pamwe chete nedzino remitero inotengwa neyakawanda.
  • Kufunganya kwemisiyano yechizvarwa kuri kuwedzera. Vaduku veAustralia vanotarisana nendyiko dzakakwirira dzedzimba, kukura kwemitero yemitero maererano nezvinoitwa, uye kariro yemitero yakakwirira zvikuru yokuwanisa mari yechiverengero chavagari vemo vakura. 2023 Inteneticpageral Report yakazivisa kuti hurumende dzinoshandisa pautano, tarisiro yakwegura, uye NDIS dzichakwira kubva pa 5,9% yeGDP muna 2021 kusvika ku 10,4% pa2062,63, dzichiisa dzvinyiriro pasimba rokuwedzera simba.
  • [ Mikaha yemisika yemari inopfuurira[ nokuda kwevagari veAustralia, vanhu vakaremara, uye avo vanogara munharaunda dzomumaruwa nedziri kure. Mitemo mikuru yemibato yemibato inowanzosasvika aya mapoka nenzira inobudirira, inodzivisa purogiramu dzezvirongwa zvechirongwa.

Masangano eTreasurey uye anobudisa nzvero paidzi nhau. Somuenzaniso, Mitemo yepepa yokushanda [ inobatanidza kunzvera kwemiitiro yekusaenzana, kuitika kwemitero, uye miuyo yokuparadzira mipimo yemari. Ufakazi ihwohwu hunozivisa gadziriro.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Hurumende yeAustralia iri kunzvera nokushingaira chinjo kuti ichengete kana kuti ivandudze miuyo yokusasarura mumugariro wemari unochinja. Nharaunda huru dzinoverengeka sezvingabvira dzinoumba muitiro womunguva yemberi:

Kuchinja Mutero Nokuda Kwokusaruramisira

Mubatanidzwa wemitero wazvino uno unotsamira zvikuru pamutero womunhu oga, uyo unova usinganyatsoshandi pamwero wakakwirira zvikuru.

  • Kuparadzira pamavambo kupfurikidza nokuderedza ndyiko dzemitero (mutoo, kuderera kwedanho remitero yemari inodzorwa, kuganhurira kugadzira kwakaipa, kana kuti kuisa mitanharo yehoves). 202212-23 Thosa Rereats Expenditures Expenditures inoziviswa kupfuura mabhiriyoni $180 erects pagore, nemipiro miviri yapamusoro (inobvumiranwa uye mari inodzorwa yakakwirira) inokweverwa zvikuru kuvatambira mari inowana mari yakawanda.
  • Kuchinja mitero munyika: Kutsiva basa rechitezi nomutero wenzvimbo yakafara waigona kuderedza kushambadzwa kwedzimba uye kutsigira mabasa ari nani, nepo kufambira mberi nemhaka yokuti muridzi wevhu unopiwa mipfumi.
  • Mitero yechipameso: Nepo zvakaoma mune zvamatongerwe enyika, mutero wepfuma yereti kana kuti mutero wenhaka wakawanda zvikuru wakakurukurwa. Kurangarirwa kwe 2022 kweTreasur yemitero yamarudzi ose nemitero yebhizimisi kunotapurawo mifungo yepfuma, asi vanofambira mberi vanotaura kuti pasina matanho akadaro, kusaenzana kwepfuma kuchapfuurira kukwira.

Kuchengetedza Vanhu Kwemazuva Ano

Hurumende ndiyo inoongorora gadziriro yenzanga yokuchengeteka, inotsigira vanhu nokuchinja kwoupenyu uye kubhadhara basa. Nzvimbo dzinokosha dzinosanganisira:

  • Kuwedzera mwero wapakuvamba waJobho tsvaer – 2023 Economic Inclusion Advisory Committee yakarumbidza wedzero ye $29 pazuva (kupfuura wedzero yazvino). Kuenzanisira kwemari kunokarakadza kuti kuwedzera kwakadaro kungaderedza urombo asi kunoda kubhadharwa nemari yemitero yakakwirira zvikuru kana kuti mari inotengwa kune imwe nzvimbo.
  • Kuisa pamubatanidzwa mumitero inobhadharwa [ - mibhadharo yakawanda yemari inoshanda ine mwero yemitero yakaoma zvikuru inoparira mwero yemitero inokwira zvikuru inobudirira (EMTR), inovhara vanhu mugarikano. Kondirasi iri kushanda pakuchinja kuderedza EMTR uye kuvandudza sundo dzemari nokuda kwebasa.
  • [ Dzidzo yapamberi pouhwana netarisiro - kukura kwakasununguka kana kuti kwakakudziridzwa kwavana kungagona kusimudzira kushanda kwavashandi vechikadzi ndokuderedza kusaenzana kwenguva refu.

Kuchengeta Mudzimbahwe Ravanhu

Kugadzirisa kusaenzana kwemari yaunowana kunoda kuti pave nokuvandudza migumisiro yedzidzo uye unyanzvi hwokurovedza.

  • Kutsigira mari kunodiwa pachikoro cheNational School Reform Agreement.
  • Nzvimbo dzinonzi Free TAFE uye nzvimbo dzeyunivhesiti dzinobhadharwa nemari muminda yakakwirira.
  • Mugadzirirwo weNew Alough Services, uyo unogovera tsigiro yakagadzirirwa zvikuru nokuda kwavasingashandi kwenguva refu veAustralia.

International Report yevezvemari inosimbisa kuti kuwedzera kushanda kwezvigadzirwa kupfurikidza nedzidzo uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kunokosha pakuchengetedza mari uye kuderedza kusaenzana.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Nokusaenzana

Kuchinjirwa kumari inotakurika kuchava nemiuyo inoparadzirwa. Mhuri dzinowana mari shoma dzinobvira zvikuru kurarama mumisha yakadzivirirwa zvisina kunaka uye kupedza goverano yakakwirira yemari pasimba. Treasur inobatanidzwa mukugadzira miitiro yokuchinja chete, yakadai setsigiro yemari yavashandi vakabviswa munyika, kutengwa kwemitengo yevhu, uye mari yenzanga inobetserwa. Net Zero Economy Ague [, ichava inoziviswa muna 2023, kuti igovakwa mukati mebasa iri.

Kusimbisa Mashoko Nokuongorora

Bhetiri iri kuisa mari musimba rayo rokunzwisisa zviri nani kusaenzana. Ikoku kunobatanidza mafitimeti emitero (mutomo, zvinyorwa zvegarikano, uye mirau yokuverenga vanhu) kumiuyo yokugovera mipimo. Kushandiswa kwe mitati yebasa [ inobvumira nokuda kwokuvanza nokuyera mapurogiramu kwakarurama. Treasurence’s Kuyera nokubereka Model (ITH)[FTY:3] kunoshandiswa kuyera kuti kuchinja mutero uye kudzo unotapura sei mapurogiramu emari.

mhedziso

Mitemo yeSayenzi yeAustralia inoita basa guru mukugadziridza mari inotambirwa. Kupfurikidza nemitero inofambira mberi, kutsiviwa, uye kuiswa kwemitengo yemari mugadziriro dzenzanga, Treasury yakabetsera kuita kuti kusaenzana kwemari yeAustralia kuve kwakaderera zvikuru nemipimo yamarudzi ose. Bva masimba ezvivako – chinjo yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, mari yedzimba, uye dzvinyiriro dzevagari vemo dzinopfuurira. Rubudiriro rwenguva yemberi rwevemari ruchatsamira pamano ayo okugadziridza midziyo mitsva yemari, kuwedzera mutero, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti rutava rwamagariro rwenzanga runoramba rwakakwana uye ruchishanda. Sezvinoita 2023 Chinyorwa chaMaripo yemitengo chinoramba chiripo apo inochengeta chengeteko yokuchengeteka kunotsigirwa. Kunzvera kwemari uye kunzvera kucharamba kunokosha mumitengo inodzo inodzosera mberi muAustralia uye inodzoro inopfumisa upfumi zvikuru.