Kuwiriraniswa Kwomutemo Wemvura Noutano Hwevanhu Vose

Ukama pakati pemiitiro yemvura noutano hwavanhu hunoumba imwe yetambo dzinovapo zvikurusa muchinhu chazvino uno chinodzorwa nehurumende. Kuwana mvura yakachena hakusi kungoitira hanya mhoteredzo asi kudzorwa kwakananga kwegarikano. Apo mirau inobudirira, kutanga kwehosha dzinopfuudzwa nemvura dzinoderera, uye uwandu hwemari hunoderera. Apo inokundikana, miuyo inoyerera muzvipatara, zvikoro, uye mhuri. Nyaya inonzvera kuti zvidzidzo zvenhau, zvirongwa zvemiitiro inopfuurira, zvinetso, uye gadziriro dzenguva yemberi dzinopinda pamhatsa yemiteko yemvura inotambudza uye utano hwavanhu.

Nhoroondo Yemvura Noutano

Kare rondedzero yamajeta isati yanzwisiswa, vanhu vekushambadzira vakaziva kuti mvura yakapesvedzera utano. MuMesopotamia yekare, migero yaibatirawo segadziriro dzokufambisa mvura dzinoparadza mvura yakashata nezvinonwiwa. VaEgipita vakachengeta mvura mupoto dzevhu uye vaishandisa munyu mukushatisa, muitiro wakaderedza zvisakafanira zvinooneka uye, vasingazivi, zvimwe utachiona. Kunyange zvakadaro, yakanga iri Umambo hweRoma hwakagadzira mvura inochinja zvikurusa yenyika yenyika yekare. Migero yavo yaitakura mvura yakanaka kubva kumatsime ari kure ichienda kumaguta, nepo paredhiyo yaiendesa kumatsime avose, mabhati, uye misha mipfumise. Kunyange zvazvo kufukusha yakaparira njodzi dzahwo dzogaro, kuwanika kwemvura dzakachena kwakaderedza zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu okubereka manyoka munyika dzakavadziko akarembera zvikuru kupfurikidza nokunaya kwakaisvonaka.

Chinjo Yezvemari Nenjodzi Yokuchenesa

Chinjo yeIndasitiri yakaputsa iyi fambiro mberi. Kushatisa kwapamusha, shatiso yefekitari, uye gadziriro dzetsvina dzisina kukwana zvakashandura nzizi kuva matsvina anoshatisa tsvina. MuLondon, Thames yakashatiswa kwazvo netsvina yavanhu uye kupisa kwemaindasitiri ayo mafungu ezhizha akabudisa “Nhengedzo huru yePingi” ya1858, inosunda Paramende kuti iite chiito. Chinondo ichi chakaitika naDary’s epic codemistmical colear mukati fraction Street. Snow yakatsvaka dender kupombi imwe yemvura yakashatiswa, ichigovera ufakazi husingarambiki hwokuti kupfuudzwa kwemvura kwakaparira korera korera mukorera. Zvaakawanano yeProfesa remvura yakakurumbira zvikuru muEngland muEngland zvemari yazvinogadzirwa namagetsi zvakaiswa mumitengwaro yemiraudzo.

Mvura Yazvino Uno Neutano Hwavose

Nhasi, mirau yemvura inoshanda mumitemo mizhinji yamarudzi, mitemo yenyika, mirau yehurumende kana kuti mitemo yomunzvimbomo. Pamwero wenyika yose, World Health Organization (WHO] inobudisa [ mijekisero yekufambisa mashoko echikwata kana kuti mvere dzemari, [[FLT]] yemitemo yemichero, yemichetura, uye miradio. Iyi mirayiridzo haishandi sediro pamutemo asi sedivi yetsika dzetsika dzenyika munyika dzinopfuura 1900. MuUnited States, , , kushaidzwa kwemvura ([FLD][5], uye kuiswa kwemitengo yemvura inobvumira kuti ishanduke, [196]) mumitengo yeyamuteve yapasi pejinga yeyamuro yeyamuromes]

Kurapa Mvura Nemitemo Yokuchenesa

Mafekitari anorapa mvura anowanzoshandisa nzira dzakawanda: kuisa mativi mana, kubvisa, kubvisa, kubvisa, uye difinifiti (kazhinji kazhinji chlorine, chlorinamine, kana kuti chiedza cheultraviolet). Mitemo inodzora nguva shomanene, mwero yezvitapuriranwa, uye purogiramu yetsika yezvipenyu zvakadai se [[FLT:], Eschichichichichichia[[FLT]] uye kubvisa mavhiriti mumvura, kubvisa mazarira etsvina kuti awirirane nemipimo yapangirini inosvika 85%. Zviratiso zveEPA's. Zviratiso, kubatanidza EPTY [[FLT:]][FLT][5], zvinodzora kubudiswa nokunwa mvura, kudiridza mvura kuti zvisaswa mumvura zvisaswa zvisaririra zvinona zvikasaririra zvinona zvakaoma kubvisa.[5][5]

Kuongorora Nokuedza Zvirongwa

Ruutine kuedza ndiko kudzikamiswa kwevimbiso yemvura. Mitemo yemvura yavose inofanira kuedza mvura panzvimbo dzakawanda mugadziriro yokuparadzira uye mushumo migumisiro kuzviremera zvoutano. MuUnited States, EPA’s Mitemo yakarongwa yoKuedza Ruramo rwemvura[[[FLT:]] nguva nenguva inoedza kusvika ku30 dzemacontamininetics anobuda amoneral divisionsss, akadai sepersonal progree nepolyfluoral bis (PFAS). CD] [FLT]] ] inochengetawo kuedza [FLT] hosha dzinobuda dzinobuda nedzinorasika [[FLT] System]

Kuisa Mari Mumari

Kutsiva mapaipi avanamugari vemo, nzvimbo dzokurapa, uye nzvimbo dzokuchengetera zvinoda mari inoramba ichitsigirwa. United States inotarisana ne $625 mabhiriyoni [25] mugadziriro dzemvura yokunwa dzinoda makore 20 anotevera, maererano ne American Society of Civil Enginers. [[FLT]] Kunwa mvura yeState Revolution Fund [ kugovera mari yakatanhando dzakaderera zvikuru kuti ipfuure mabasa anovandudza kuzviisa pasi noutano hwavose. Zvirongwa zvakafanana zviripo muCanada, Australia, uye mhiri kweEurope. Vapi vemarudzi ose, zvakadai seWorld Bank uye [FLD] [FF] United Nations Children Fund (UNFFF]], mari yezvirongwa zvokuchenesa zvomumaruwa, uye kugovera migove yemitengorongwi yapakati pevhu.[5]

Nhimbe Dzedzidzo Yavose

Muitiro unoshanda bedzi sokuda kwevoruzhinji kuutevera. Madhipatimendi ezvoutano anoita nhimbe nemashoko akapfava, asingakanganwiki akadai se “Mashoko emvura eBoole” pazviitiko zvinosvibiswa,“ Bhetinakitinasi mvura yokunwa yakasununguka” munzanga dzine mitsetse yebasa, uye “Kugeza nemvura yakachena muzvikoro. CD's Clean Hands County County [ nhiviro dze [[FLT] uye mabhii echibiko eH'.] Manyuko eH, anoshaidzwa neFOUD neFOM yeMagate yeMarime yeMarime yeMwero yeMvura [inobetsera] vateve] vate kunzwisisa mvura yavo yomunzvimbomo ndokuita chiito kana kuti vatsamwino. Munharaunda umo mvura inenge iri murombo, mativi anoshatikashati yemate ([FPNCEnya, mabhineti]]) anoshati)

Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichinetsa Mumitemo Yemvura uye Muutano Hwevanhu Vose

Pasinei nokufambira mberi kwezana remakore, zvinhu zvinotyisidzira zvitsva uye zvinoramba zvichiitika zvinoda kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kusvibiswa, kusaenzana kwemimwe mibatanidzwa yemiviri, uye kubuda kwezvinoumba zvirambe zvichienderana nemitemo.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze uye Kupisa Kwemvura

Tembiricha inokura yenyika inochinja mitoo yemvura, inowedzera zvose zviri zviviri kusanaya kwemvura nemafashamo. Chinodzorwa chinoderedza uwandu hwemvura inonaya muPakistan inowanika nokuda kwokushayisa mvura, zvinosvibisa zvinoisa pfungwa nokuwedzera ngozi yemaruva ane chepfu algal ayo anoparira microcytin. Mvura dzinokurira gadziriro dzetsvina dzinobatanidzwa, kubvisa tsvina mumvura mugungwa, nzizi, uye mvura dzemhenderekedzo dzegungwa. Muna 20222, mafashamo akakurumbira muPakistan anoshatisa mvura inonwa, inonyandura kuwedzera korera korera mumvura. Zvino mamiriro okunze emvura anofanira kubatanidza kugadzira magariro okugadzira mamiriro okunze, maruvarabhuro, maruva eClima (IPCC)[FLTC1] anoita kuti panosvika 2050, hafu yezvikamu zvavagari zvapasi zvepasi. Mvura dzinofanira kutoteve zvinobatanidza kugadzira mamiriro emvura.

Kushatisa Kwezvirimwa Nezvemaindasitiri

Nyota inobviswa nefetiraiza nefosphorus zvinoparira maruva anokuvadza mumvura nemadziva. 2014 Toledo yakashata yemvura, uko chibereko paLake Erie yabudiswa microcystin, chakamanikidzira guta kudzima mvura yaro kwemazuva matatu, kuchitapura vagari varo 500. Maindasitiri, kubatanidza simbi dzinorema (General, arsenic) uye machingingirifa (zvipembenene), zvinopfura , zvinopfuurira mumvura yapasi kwamakumi amakore. [[FFL:] EPA] purogiramu yeSupermid [[FLD:1]] yachenesa mazana amazana enzvimbo dzakashatiswa, asi mazasimu anoramba kutyisidzira nzanga. [12]

Kusiyana Kuri Kuwanika

Munyika yose, vanhu vane mabhiriyoni 2,2 vanoshaiwa mvura yokunwa yakakotsekana, uye mabhiriyoni 3.6 okushaiwa varaundi vakachengeteka, mukuwirirana ne WHO/UNICEF Joint Monifiling Programme. Mutoro unoderera zvikuru panzanga dzomumaruwa, uye nzvimbo dzomumaguta dzinogara vanhu, uye nzvimbo dzakaderera dzemataundi. MuUnited States, , Nyika yeNavajo ine zviuru zvemisha isina mvura inoiswa mapaipi, inotsamira pamvura inochengetwa mumotokari inoshambidzwa nyore nyore. MuFlin, Michigan, zvinoparira zvisarudzo zvinoparira kutungamirira kukura, kuratidzira kumusha kupfurikidza nokubvisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Zviidzo zvamakero avanhu havasati vakundikana kukurumidza kuderedza utano.

Majemusi Anosanganisa Kurwisa Mishonga

Chinjo yenzvimbo inowanzawo utachiona hwemvura hunofamba mumvura. Vibrio volficius, utachiona hunowanda mumvura inodziya yegungwa uye hunoparira hosha dzeronda dzakakomba uye septicemia, hwakashumwa kuchamhembe kweCape Cod, USA. [FLT:] [NATA] NAEGRERING , , “mushonga unonzi anodya amoe, zvino unosvika mamiteve mumvura kuchamhembe kweU.S..

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Nezvirongwa Zvakapinzwa

Kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvepamhesano zvemiitiro yemvura noutano hwavanhu kunoda kuenda kunzvimbo dziri dzoga kumiitiro yezvinzvimbo, gadziriro dzakatsamira panzvimbo imwe chete.

Kusimbisa Kubatira Pamwe Kwamarudzi Ose

Mvura haizivi miganhu. Nzizi dzinopa mvura yokunwa neaquifers zvinopa mamiriyoni, bva gadziriro dzokutarisira dzinobatira pamwe dzinoramba dzisina kusimba munharaunda dzakawanda. United Nations Mvura Convention uye [[FLT:]] Internationalhorthwater Resourcess Assesment Center [ zvinogovera maplatifomu nokuda kwokudzora kwakabatana, kushatisa kushatisa, uye kugadzirisa. Kusimbisa aya masangano. Kusimbisa kuti nyanzvi dzezvoutano dzevokose dzine chigaro patafura, zvichadzivisa nzanga kutakura mari inokwira pamusoro pomutezo. Kutsigira upfumi hwenyika, zvakadai se [FLDF:]

Kuwana Zvinhu Zvinoshanda Uye Zvinobatsira

“Imba dzemaruva” dzegamuchidzanwa (mapaipi echimuko, miti yapakati) dziri kuwedzerwa ne “green place system" inotevedzera hydrology yomusikirwo. Minda yemvura, bioswales, madaka, uye migwara inonaya mativi adzoroka, zvinotora mvura yemvura yematurthruit, uye zvinonyungurudza. Iyi michina inoderedza mutoro panzvimbo dzinoshandiswa patsvina yakabatanidzwa, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba nokuda kwemvura inoiswa mumvura, uye kugovera nzvimbo yegirini inovandudza utano hwendangariro. Deralcentralitized michina inonambirira yeminyuko yeminyunguro yemitezo yemitengo yemicheto yeguta rinona.

Kuongorora Unyanzvi Hwemvura

Nhambo mumichina yemifungo chaiyoiyo yenguva inoitika, kuvhura kwesatellite, uye kudzidza michina zviri kuchinja kunzvera mvura. Mujironpiter tscan inogona kucherekedza proH, turbidity, chlorine redimical, uye zvikamu zvakati kuti zvinofambisa mashoko mumasekondi mashomanene ari ose, kutumira nyevero pamberi pekuputika. Mijekedzo yeSatellitellite inonzvera maruvara ealluve nazvinoshatisa mhepo pamusoro pezvinodzisa mvura zvose zvinodzikiswa. Michina inofunda mifananidzo inodeya kutaura zviitiko zvenyuko yemisikacha, zvinoshandiswa munyika, uye zvinyorwa zvenhau. Miteokimende inofanira kutsigira kuiswa mumichina yemichina isati isati yatanga kuitika, zvikurukuru nokupfuudza mirando yokubudisa mari yemari inobvumira matevedzo ose ezvoutano izvo zvinobvumira madhipatiko kuti zvishandure kushanda panyeve dzekare.

Kusimudzira Kubatanidzwa Kwenzanga Nedzidzo

Kuongororwa kwenzanga, umo vagari vanounganidza magiramu emvura muCanada uye kushuma mamiriro ezvinhu anoshandiswa mafoni, zvakabvumikisa kuva zvinoshanda muHonduras, India, uye African Great Lakes. Programs se Water Rangers [ muCanada vagari vomunyika vanopinda mukuedza nzira dzavo dzemvura dzomunzvimbomo uye kutsigira kuchinja kwemiitiro. Mibato yezvoutano yokunyora nokunyora mashoko emvura mumutauro wakajeka uye kugovera matanho anoshanda (g., kuvirisa mvura mukati mezvingwa, kuchishandisa macheketi akasimba okubvisa) vanhu kuti vazvidzivirire apo mitemo inopfupika. Mandationsgradiglection programsssssssssss, dzinogamuchirwa mumaguta akafanana naNewark, New Jersey, dzinoratidza kuti dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika ichaita mamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kugamuchira Mutoo Mumwe Woutano

Utano humwe hunoziva kuti utano hwavanhu, utano hwemhuka, uye utano hwemhoteredzo zvinobatana. Muitiro wemvura unogamuchira ichi chiraviso unorangarira kuti kupfura kwezvokurima kunotapura sei zvirwere zvezvipfuwo nehosha dzinotapukira mumvura, kuti kudzivisa kwemishonga pakati pemhuka navanhu kunofamba sei nemvura, uye kuti mamiriro okunze enzvimbo nemhoteredzo anochinja sei utachiona anochinja utachiona. Somuenzaniso, CDC inotapura Hofisi imwe yezveutano yezvipfuwo inobatira pamwe chete nemvura nenzvimbo yemhuka kuti ichengetedze dziviriro yemvura mumvura.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yemvura noutano hwavanhu inoramba iri isingaparadzaniswi, sezvayave yakaita kwezviuru zvamakore. Masangano enhau anoratidza kuti maune, sayenzi inogona kuderedza zvikuru hosha, kupfuudza, uye kusimbisa upfumi. Kunyange zvakadaro zvinetso zvokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kushatisa, kusaenzana, uye tyisidziro dzinomuka zvinoda kuti tikurumidzise kuvandudza nokushandirana. Kupfurikidza nokusimbisa Hurumende dzamarudzi ose, kuisa mutevedzero unosimba, kuvaka nzanga, kusimbisa nzanga, uye kugamuchira murangariro mumwe wezve woutano, tinogona kudzivirira chinodikanwa chikurusamupimo choupenyu. Ndyiko yokuita chinhu chinoyerwa muchirwere, kushaidzwa, kushaidzwa kwoupenyu. Mubayiro womuitiro unobudirira iko wakanaka, unova wakanaka zvikuru, unova nounosakafanira.