Basa Rokuzvidavirira Kwehurumende Mukutonga Kwehurumende

Kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kunobatira sechinhu chinokosha chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ipi neipi inoshanda. Apo vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoiswa mutoro nokuda kwezviito zvavo, mitemo, uye mari, vagari vemo vanotangazve kuvimba mumasangano anovadzora. Ichi chivimbo hachisi chinhuwo zvacho chisiri donzo risingafungidziri; chine miuyo inooneka pakutora rutivi kwehurumende, kukura kwemari, uye kuterama. Kunzvera kubva ku [[FLT:] World Bank [[[FLD]]] [[FLT: 1] kunoratidza kuti nyika dzine masangano anozvidavirira zvikuru dzinowana mwero yakaderera zvikuru youshati hwezvishavo uye kupfuudzira basa rapachena kwapachena. Kuzvidavirirawo kunoparirawo chinhu chakanaka: apo vagari vanoona kuvimbisa kwavo kuchitungamirira kurundudziko chairwo, sezvingabvira zvikuru vanotsigirazve.

Zvisinei, kuzvidavirira hakusati kuri pfungwa imwe asi yakarongwa zvikuru. Inobatanidza kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika (mhinduro yehurumende kupfurikidza nesarudzo), kuzvidavirira kwehurumende (vabatiri voruzhinji vanotevera mitemo nemiitiro), kuzvidavirira kwapamutemo (zvinyorwa zvinonzvera zviito zvehurumende), uye kuzvidavirira munzanga (vanhu vanoona basa rehurumende zvakananga). Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoda maturusi namazano ehurumende. Kukurumidza kurongwa kwamasangano ehurumende kupfuura makore gumi apfuura kwakazarura mikana mitsva yokusimbisa aya ose, zvikurukuru kuzvidavirira kwenzanga. Madhipati anoderedza ndyiranisa mutengo wokugoverana mashoko neboka, achigonesa kunyange mapoka akaiswa mumhizha dzinowanika panguva ino. Nokunzvera zvishandiso zvinowanika uye zvinetso zvinotarisana nazvo, tinogona kunyora nzira inoshandawo kune dzimwe nzira dzinoda kutsigira nokudzorwa.

Kukosha Kwokuzvidavirira Kwehurumende

Kupfuura betsero huru dzadudzwa pamusoro apa, miitiro chaiyo yokuzvidavirira inotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Miitiro yemari yokuronga yakajeka, somuenzaniso, inobvumira vagari vemo kuona kuti mari yomutero inogoverwa sei uye kana mari inosvika gadziriro dzinoda kuitwa. Munyika umo nhano dzemari dzemari dzakarongwa dzakazaruka dzakashandiswa, kushanda zvakanaka kwemari yavose kunovandudza kupfurikidza neavhareji ye 15%, mukuwirirana ne International yeBallegate Stanity[[FL:1]].

Kuzvidavirira kunoshandawo sechidziviso chokudzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba. Apo vakuru vakuru vanoziva kuti zviito zvavo zvichashandiswa navose vanoziva, havawanzopindi mumiitiro yakaipa. Uku tapuro yokudzivirira yakasimba zvikuru apo miitiro yokuzvidavirira inobatanidzwa nemitumbi inotarisirwa yakasununguka uye pepanhau rakasununguka. Kuzvidavirira kunopa simba vagari vemo kupfurikidza nokuvapa danda chairoiro mukutonga, / kunovabvisa kubva kuvagamuchiri vasingaiti basa ravose kuti vave vaiti vemiuyo inoshanda. Uku kusimba kunokosha zvikurukuru mumagariro okuzvidavirira uye marwisano. Uko kuvakwa kwechivimbo muhurumende kunodikanwa nokuda kworugare rwakareba.

Pakupedzisira, kuzvidavirira kunosimudzira zvinhu zvitsva muhurumende. Apo masangano anodikanwa kushuma pamusoro pemibato inowirirana uye kupindura kutsinhirano yavagari vemo, anokwidziridzwa kuwana nzira dziri nani, dzinodhura zvikuru dzokuita mabasa. Iri simba rinogona kutungamirira kuvandudzwa muchinhu chiri chose kubva kumuunganidzwa wetsvina kusvikira kunzvero youtano. Muchitsama, kuzvidavirira hakusati kuri mutoro wezvokutsiva asi chinhu chinokosha chinosimbisa Hurumende yose yeWizatsi.

Maturusi Anokosha Okubatanidza Mugari Wemo

Kukumbira Pakombiyuta

Platforms dzakadai seChange.org, Avaaz, uye zvienzaniso zvomunzvimbomo zvava zviteshi zvine simba nokuda kwechiito chomugari wemo. Vanobvumira vanhu kutanga zvikumbiro panhau dzinovambira pakugadziridza zvigadziko zvomunzvimbomo kusvikira kukugadziridzwa kwemiitiro yenyika. Kubudirira kwezvikuva zvakadaro kunotsamira pakukwanisa kwavo kupinza manzwi emunhu oga mudaviro risingazogoni kufuratirwazve. Somuenzaniso, chikumbiro chinounganidza sigini dzinopfuura 100 000 muUnited Kingdom chinoparira mhinduro yehurumende yapamutemo. Nepo kukumbira kwoga kusavimbisa kuti mutemo unochinja, zvinobatira senhano yokutanga inodenha muchiratidzo chapachena uye kumanikidzira nhau kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvemitemo.

Zvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga Sechishandiso Chinonzverwa

Nhevedzano dzemagariro avanhu (zvino X), Facebook, Istagram, uye matsva okuongorora kwenguva pfupi mabasa ehurumende. Vagari vanogona kugoverana mifananidzo, mavhidhiyo, uye magwaro anoratidzira kusashanda zvakanaka kana kuti kusashanda. Mukati medenda reCOVID , shangu yenzanga yakashandiswa mukusimbisa mikaha mukuparadzira nhomba dzejekiseni nokusashandisa mari yeyamuro. Masangano ava kutangawo kushandisa mikoto iyi kuzivisa misangano yavose, kukumbira kutaura nezvemirayiro yezvokutumira mafashoni, uye kupindura kunyunyuta. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga kunotsamira paidi revo nero redition redition. Maturuko akadai sokutsvaka mari inopesana neidi dzeyamubatanidzwa.

Mashoko Aiva Panze

Nhungamiro dzemikoto dzinoita kuti mashoko ehurumende awanike pachena mumichina inonyorwa. Iyi mitauro inofukidza nzvimbo dzakadai sezvibvumirano zvokuwana, kubhadharwa kwemari, kuronga, nhamba dzoutano hwevanhu vose, uye kutarira mhoteredzo. Apo vatori venhau, vadzidzisi, uye vazivi vehurumende vanorondedzera mashoko aya, vanogona kuvhura mitoo yetsvina, kunyengera, kana kuti kusaita. Guta reBuenos Aires, somuenzaniso, rinobudisa mashoko pabvumirano dzose dzebasa ravose, richibvumira vagari vemo kuti vaone kuti makambani api anoshanda uye pamitengoi. Nenzira yakafanana, [FLT:]UK] K yemajeko ezviteshi yezviteshinaro. Yakashandiswa navanzveridzi vedzidzo kufunda masangano pakati pemasangano etsikano nezvinoitirwa navanhu.

Kushuma Kwomugari Wemo Nezvikarakadzo Zvebasa

Zvirongwa zvakadai seSeo ClickFix, Fix Mystret, na IVANDYCity inopa simba vagari vemo kuti vape nhau dzisingashandisi magetsi emugwagwa akaputsika, kurasira zvisino pamutemo, kana kuti makomba akananga kusangano rezvokushandira. Iyi mishumo inoumba mageographitagrate nawaramp, kuumba chinyorwa chavose chinogona kutendwa kusvikira chagadziriswa. Mumaguta akadai seBoston ne New Delhi, kugadzirwa kweapunda dzeapps kwakadaro kwakaderedza nguva dzokupindura neanopfuura 30%. Inoitawo kuti mashoko anokosha anobatsira mapurani eguta kuzivisa zvinetso zvemitemo-mo-pasi. Somuenzaniso, zvicherekedzo pamusoro pemheto dzemheto dzemheto dzemheto dzemheto dzemheto dzemhetoo.

Kushandisa Mari Kwacho

Kubatanidzwa kwemari yokushandisa (PB) kunobvumira vagari vemo kusarudza kuti chikamu chemari inobhadharwa yavose chinoshandiswa sei, zvikurukuru pamwero womunzvimbomo. Muitiro wacho unowanzobatanidza misangano yenzanga, kukarakadza, uye vhoti. Kutanga kutendwa muPorto Alegre, Brazil, muna 1989, PB yapararira kumaguta anopfuura 3 000 munyika yose. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti PB inotungamirira kukutengwa kwemari yakakwirira mumitengo inobatira nharaunda dzakaderera dzinobatira, kugutsikana kwakawedzerwa nehurumende, uye konzvero yenzanga yakasimba zvikuru. MuNew York City, somuenzaniso, PB inogovera mari inenge $30 (mamiriyoni) gore negore, nevagari vemo vanovhotera vanosanganisira kugadziridza, kugadziridzwa kwepaka, uye zvishandiso zvekuchengeteka. Kuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwemari kunogadzirirwa kwemari yezvikamu zvinogadzirirwa zvinogadzirirwa zvinogadzirirwa nokuda kwemapuraneti, kubvumira kubatanidzwa kwemisangano yemiteshi yemiteshi yemitezoroputezo.

Kutapura Nyika Yose Chaiko: Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvevagari Vomunyika

Kushandisa Mari MuPorto Alegre, Brazil

Purogiramu yaPorto Alegre yokupayona PB yakavamba muna 1989 uye yazova chiratidzo chehurumende inodzorwa. Vagari vanosangana mumagungano omuvakidzani kuti vazive zvinokosha uye vasaruri vanokurukura navakuru vakuru veguta. Nokufamba kwenguva, mugove wemari yePB yaidzorwa nePB wakawedzera kusvika ku20%, uye migumisiro yacho yakanga ichishamisa: nhamba yedzimba dzine masangano emvura yakawedzera kubva pa75% kusvika ku98%, uye kubvisa tsvina yakawedzera kubva pa 46% kusvikira ku 85%. Maruwa akaderera akagamuchira mhindu hurusarirano yevagari vemo yemo yemo aidzokororwa mutsika. Rutlbe Alegreesat yakanyandura nhano dzemukurumbira dzekare muLatin America uye pakupedzisira muEurope, North America, uye Asia.

Kushuma Mugari Wemo muIndia: Kuchinja Kwandinoita Guta Rangu

I I I Change My City (ICMC), yakatangwa naJanagraha Centre for Citizenshiship and Democracy, inobvumira vagari vamaguta makuru akadai seBengaluru, Mumbai, uye Delhi kushuma nhau dzehurumende dzakadai semakomba ehombe, marara, uye kudzura kwemvura. Kunyunyuta kumwe nokumwe kunogoverwa ID, kuchigonesa mugari wemo kufambira mberi. MuBengaruru oga, nhau dzinopfuura 200 000 dzakashumwa nokugadziriswa chifo chechikuva. Mitemo yenhau yapa mishumo inobviswa mumishumo iyi inoshandiswawo kugadzira mabhodhirodhi okufambisa basa anosimbiswa nguva dzose pasi pezvirongwa zvokugadzira bhajeti kuti igadziridze mari yakakwana.

Mashoko Akazarurwa uye Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Zvisiri Kufanira Kuitwa muSlovakia

MuSlovakia, sangano rehurumende risiri remasangano rehurumende rinonzi Aliancia Fair̆Play rakashandisa mashoko akazaruka kunzvera mapepa avose. Kupfurikidza nokuyambuka mashoko pakuhwina nezvinyorwa zvehupinyi nezvinyorwa zvehurumende, vakafukunura nhau dzakawanda umo zvibvumirano zvakapiwa kukambani yakabatana navakuru vakuru vehurumende. Mishumo yakavapo yakatungamirira kukurega nokunzvera kwamatsotsi. Hurumende yakatozovandudza mutemo wayo wokuwana, ichibudisa chinyorwa paIndaneti chezvibvumirano zvose. Chinoenzanisira mashoko iwayo akazaruka, apo akabatanidzwa nokupfuurira kwemitengo yehurumende yehurumende, inogona kusunda bhizimisi zvakananga.

Kukunda Zvinetso Kumubatanidzwa Wevagari Vanobudirira

Kudzora Kukamuraniswa Kwemadhigirii

Kukamuranisa kwemitengo kunoramba kuri mhinganidzo yakapararira zvikurusa. Maererano neInternational Telecommunication Union, inenge imwe 35 muzana yevagari venyika haisati yava neInternet. Kunyange munyika dzakapfuma, vanhu vakura, dzimba dzinowana mari shoma, uye nzanga dzomumaruwa kazhinji kazhinji dzine mikana yakaganhurirwa yokubatanidza, zvokushandisa zvinofanira kuva nezvimwe zvakafanana. Kuronga mari yemisangano kunofanira kuitwawo mumunhu, nezvinodhindwa zvinowanika. Hurumende dzinogona kuisa mari muWipresetfitisting, shamwari yemaraibhurari nokuda kwokurovedza, uye maaunzirobhurari anoshanda pamadhiredhi akaderera kana kuti maSMS. Kubatanidzwa kwemitengo yeAdahaar, somuenzaniso, kushandisa kusimbisa kuwanikwa kwemitengo yehurumende kuti igodavi yehurumende kubvumira “masangano rehurumende rehurumende kupfuunion.

Kushandisa Mashoko Akawandisa

Apo hurumende dzinobudisa zvitsama zvikuru zvemashoko asina kunyorwa pasina mashoko akapoteredza kana kuti anooneka, vagari vemo vanogona kupererwa. Muuyo ndewokuti boka duku bedzi renyanzvi(journalist, dzidzo, mapoka ezvidzidzo) zvinoshanda. Zvikamu zvokuvandika zvinopa mirayiridzo yakazaruka. Kupa izvi, zviteshi zvemikoto zvinofanira kubatanidza mabutiro, uye kurondedzera zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, “Governmentations yeOECD paGlance” nzvimbo inopindwa inopa zviratidzo zvikuru nezvinonyorwa zvakajeka. Majeriti anogonawo kupa “data kunyora nokunyora mashoko nemubiyako wezvikoro zvine gadziriro dzegadziriro yemirayiridzo. Machiuto anodzidzira matururo anosimbisa nenzira yomuzvarirwo maooma (g., mari inobhadhakisa zvikuru mune rimwe sangano rinonzvera mutoro.

Kukurira Kudzivisa Hurumende

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoramba kuonekwa nemhaka yokuti vanotyisidzira kuva nefariro dzakanaka kana kuti kufumura. Kuvaka kuda kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji kunoda dzvinyiriro yokunze kubva kunzanga yevagari vemo, zvinobudisa nhau, uye vapi vemarudzi ose. Kosita yedare pakati pavakuru vakuru vemubatanidzwa weReformation, vatori venhau, uye masangano ezvoruzivo rwehurumende anogona kuita “chimukotsiro chezviito zvehurumende, ” zvichigadzirirwa kusimbisa kubudirira sokukundikana, zvokuti vakuru vakuru vanowirirana nokuzivikanwa zvakanaka panzvimbo pokungoziva bedzi.

Kutaura Nevanhu Vasina Kufarira

Vagari vemo vakawanda vanorangarira kuti kutora rutivi kwavo kunoparira musiyano muduku, zvikurukuru apo nhamburiko dzakapfuura dzakafuratirwa. Kutsiva kusakendenga. Hurumende dzinofanira kuratidzira kuti mubatanidzwa wevagari vemo unoparira migumisiro yekongi. Kuhwina kwokukurumidza (kwakadai sokugadzira chivara chinoshumwa mukati memazuva) uvakidze simba. Kutanga zvibvumikiso apo hurumende inopindura chikarakadzo chimwe nechimwe kana kuti nyunyuto, kunyange zvazvo zvichisimbisa mamiriro ezvinhu, zviratidzo zvokuti kuvimbisana kunorangarirwa zvakakomba. Masangano (mabhishopu, vatungamiriri, kubvumwa kwapachena) anogonawo kuwedzera kutora rutivi, kunyange zvazvo izvozvi zvichifanira kushandiswa nokungwarira kudzivirira nhau duku. Pakupedzisira, kusimbisa budiriro kupfurikidza nenhau dzegamuchidzanwa uye zvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga kuti pfungwa inogamuchira uye yakafanira.

Zvinoitwa Nemakombiyuta Okubatanidza Vagari Vomunyika

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa uye Mashoko Makuru

AI inogona kuongorora kutaura kwevagari vemo pamwero, kuisa mukamuro wezvichemo zvehurumende pachishandiswa musoro, chekurumidziro, kana kuti nzvimbo. Tchatts dzinogona kupindura mibvunzo yenguva dzose pamusoro pemabasa avose 24/7, achisunungura vashandi kuti vabate nhau dzakaoma. Maturusi okushandisa mutauro wokuzvarwa nawo (NLP) anogona kuongorora zvinobudisa nhau dzenzanga nokuda kwokubuda, kuchenjedza masangano ehurumende asati awedzera zvinetso. Somuenzaniso, guta reAmsterdam rinoshandisa NLP kuongorora mateyiki pamusoro pekotsekateko yavose, kuzivisa mitoo yokunyunyuta kana kuti basa rinonyumwira. Masangano anoshopera mashoko anogonawo kubatsira kuisa zvinhu.

Kudzivirira Zvinyorwa Zvinodzimwa

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rweblockchain runogovera nzira yokuita nayo zvinyorwa zvisingapindiri zvezviito zvehurumende, zvibvumirano, uye mavhoti. Munzvimbo dzinonyoreswazve, michina inodzivisa kupfuudzwa kwokunyepera kwemisoro yezvinhu. Mukuwana kwavose, inogona kunyora nhanho iri yose yegadziriro yokukumbira, ichiita kuti kuve kusingabviri kuchinja mitambo pashure pemisiano. Nyika dzakafanana neGeorgia neEstonia dzakatoita nzvimbo inonyoreswa yakanyorwazve ine miuyo yakananga. Muganhurikidzwa, kuvhotera kwapa, kugona kugonesa kudzivirira nokubatanidza mari inoiswa murutivi rwemari kana kuti rukudzo rwomunzvimbomo, runowedzera chivimbo mumuuyo. Zvinetso zvamanyuko ibasa, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kudikanwa kwemitemo yemitemo iyo inovanda kuvakwa nebumbiro revho.

Mari Yemotokari Nemadhigirii

Munyika zhinji dziri kubudirira, gadziriro dzemari dzinotakurika (muremo, M. Pesa muKenya) dzazova mitoo mikuru yokubatanidza nayo mari. Hurumende dzinogona kufukidza zvishandiso zvokuzvidavirira pamusoro pezvikuva izvi (somuenzaniso, kubvumira vagari vemo kushuma uori kupfurikidza neSMS kana kuti kusimbisa kuti mari yegarikano yagamuchirwa. Mitemo yemari yemari yemari (yakadai seAadhaar yeIndia) inogona kudirana nokuderedza kuvhara, asi inosimudzirawo zvinetso zvechivande. Chinokosha ndecho kugadzira gadziriro dzokuzivisa izvo zvinodzorwa zvakanaka uye kubvumira vashandisi kuti vadzore mashoko anogoverwa. Estonia ikadhi inosie, somuenzaniso, rega vagari vemo vemo vasa mapepa, vhota, uye marekodhekisi outano akasimba zvikuru.

Kupedzisa: Kuva Netsika Yokuzvidavirira

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwoga harugoni kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira, asi runogona kuderedza mhinganidzo dzokuvimbisana nokukudza manzwi avanhuwo zvavo. Zvishandiso zvakakurukurwa ne(online surline interformation, intercom, masuo aunzi akavhura mashoko, vagari vemo vanoshuma maapuro, uye bhajeti yokupa nhevedzano yechinhu. Pazvinobatanidzwa mukuchinja kwapamutemo, kuvaka, uye dzidzo yehurumende inopfuuridzirwa, zvinoita mhoteredzo umo kuzvidavirira kunova chinhu chakakurumbira panzvimbo pokuva chakasiana.

Nguva yemberi yokuvimbisana kwevagari vemo iri mugadziriro inobatanidza mabhiriji anokamuranisa mabhiriji, maarufabheti, uye musengwa unobva kuzvose zviri zviviri hurumende nenzanga yevagari vemo kuti vatevere zvipikirwa zvokuvandika. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakadai seAl nebreckchain rwakura, vachapa nzira dzine simba zvikuru dzokutarisira, kusimbisa, uye kuita chiito pabasa rehurumende. Asi mutyairi wokupedzisira anoramba kuva mukurumbira uye kuzvipira kugamuchirwa. Mushumo uri wose unosainwa, uye bhajeti riri rose rinoisa simba rinosimbisa chipfeko chedeoruzhinji. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza aya maturu okushandisa, tinogona kuswedera pedyo kunyika umo zvamazvirokwazvo fariro yavose uye kuzvidavirira kusati kuri muitiro wezuva nezuva.