Hwaro Hwokumirira Mumasangano Echidhimoni

Chinomirira idiviro yehurumende yehurumende inotonga yazvino uno yedemocracy, inoshanda senzira iyo vagari vemo vakasiana-- siyana vanoshandura nayo fariro dzavo, mipimo, uye zvinodikanwa mukuita zvisarudzo zvakabatana. Pamifungo yayo, inomirira musiyano pakati pavadzorwi naavo vanotonga, kuvimbisa kuti masangano anoratidzira kuda uye garikano yavanhu panzvimbo pezvido zvechinzvimbo chakamanikana. Vafundisi vezvamatongerwe enyika vakadai saHanna Pitkin vakagadzira mipimo mizhinji: kutara (kubvumira kwapamutemo nokuzvidavirira), kurondedzera (mwero wezvikwazvo izvo vamiriri vanogoverana namavara) okufananidzira (mirangariro nezvinotapura pakati pavamiririri navagari vagari vemo), uye miuyo chaiyo (migumisiro chaiyoiyo nokuda kweboka). Kunzwisisa uku ndiko kurondedzera kwokuratidzira nokupfupikisana kukuru.

Kushanda, kumirira kupfurikidza nemuvhenganiswa wegadziriro dzesangano resangano rakadai segadziriro dzevhota, miganhu, uye miitiro yemitemo (* uye masangano enzanga, kubatanidza kuunganidzwa kwamapoka anosinwa pamativi enhau. Kana mufananidzo uchishanda zvakanaka, unokurudzira chivimbo zvamatongerwe enyika, unowedzera kutora rutivi rwehurumende, uye unoita zvisarudzo izvo zviri zvose zviri zviviri zvinonaka uye zvinosimba zvikuru. Nhau dzose dzinogona kusiiwa dzisiiwa dzisiiwa, zvichitungamirira kumiitiro dzinofuratira zvinodikanwa zvinotsoropodza uye kusaenzana. Nyaya ino inzvera mitoo, zvinetso, uye unyanzvi hwokumirira, zvinonangidzira kushongedzera vara varavi nokunzwisisa kwakakwana kuti munhu ari wose ane chigaro patafura.

Kukosha Kwokumirira

Mitemo inomirira zvinhu nemhaka yokuti inoumba zvakananga kunaka kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vose uye kuenzana kwemiuyo. Nzvero yenguva dzose inoratidza kuti mitumbi inoita zvisarudzo yakasiana - siana inoparira mitemo inobatira zviri nani chiverengero chavagari vemo chakazara. Somuenzaniso, fundo dzaVakokorodzani dzeU. dzinoratidzira kuti vakadzi vanogadza mitemo ndokupfuudza miuyo yakawanda yakanangidzirwa pautano, dzidzo, uye garikano yemhuri yakaenzaniswa navarume. Nenzira yakafanana, vakuru vakuru vakuru vanobva mumapoka edzinza nendudzi dzinoita kuti nhau dzakafanana nerevokaro nerevo rerimwe dare rinonatsiridza ruramisiro, kubuda munyika, uye kubuda kwomutauro. [[FLT:]] iyi igweta pesvedzero yemifungo pautano, uye dzidzo yemhuri.

Kupiwa Simba Nenzwi

Mufananidzo unopa simba vanhu nenzanga kupfurikidza nokusimbisa kuti zvinoitika zvavo nefariro zvapamutemo uye zvakakodzera kurangarirwa. Apo vanhu vanozvirangarira vamene vanoratidzirwa muhurumende. Nomutungamiriri womunzvimbomo anotaura mutauro wavo kana kuti muiti wemitemo anobva mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana ezvemari() ivo vane bviro huru yokudavira kuti tsika inogona kupindura funganyo dzavo. Iyi pfungwa yokubudirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika inosunda kutora rutivi rukurusarudzo, kurukurirano dzavose, uye masangano ehurumende. Mukupesana, kupfuurira kumirira kutungamirira kudivikano yezvamatongerwe enyika, kunyarara kwakaderera, uye kunyange kusavimba namasangano edemocracy.

Kusasarura Migumisiro

Equity inoda kuti zvinodikanwa zvamapoka ose avagari vemo zvive zvakarangarirwa mumuitiro wokuita muitiro. Pasina kumirira kunobudirira, miitiro inowanzoratidzira zvinoiswa pakutanga zvezvine simba zvikurusa nepfuma, ichisiya nzanga dzakacheneswa dzichisarira. Somuenzaniso, kukura kweinishuwarenzi youtano muAffordable Care Act kunobetsera vanhu vaisanwa mumitemo yavanhu mutsika dzenguva yakapfuura nedzidzo yavashandirwi, dzidzo yakananga yezvoutano, uye migumisiro yemitemo yavanhu vakanzwisisa miganhuro yacho. Naizvozvo kukwirira kuoneka inhau yokubvisa ruramisiro youtano: kunobetsera zvipfuyo zvavanhu mudzidzo yavose yakaisvonaka uye inoderedza shatisa dzidzo yavose zvikuru, dzidzo, dzidzo, dzidzo, dzidzo, uye mukana wezvoupfumi.

Kuzvidavirira Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Mufananidzo unoparira mutsetse wakajeka wokuzvidavirira. Vakuru vakuru vanoreverwa vanofanira kupindura kumativi avo kupfurikidza nesarudzo yenguva dzose, ruzhinji, uye nzvero dzezvinobudisa nhau. Uku kuzvidavirira kunoisa kujeka mukuita zvisarudzo, sezvo vamiriri vanosundwa kutsanangura mavhoti avo ndokururamisa zviito zvavo. Apo vamiririri vanogona kupa mubayiro mufambiro wokugamuchira nokuregeredza kana kuti chirango. Nenzira inopesana, apo miitiro yavavhoti inodzorwa inoshatisa muvhoti, kuzvidavirira kunoshatisa. Kusimbisa vatsigirini pakati povhotera navamiriri naizvozvo kunokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta kuzvidavirira kwehurumende.

Marudzi Okumirira

Kuziva mhatsa idzi kunobetsera kujekesa chikonzero nei mamwe mapoka angava ari muvambi vemibatanidzwa asi achiri kushaiwa pesvedzero, nepo mamwe achiwana chinjo ine revo kunyange pasina chionioni chakakwana chechiverengero chawo.

Kumirira Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kumirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunonongedzera kukusarudzwa kwavanhu kunzvimbo dzomutemo, dzinotungamirira, kana kuti dzedare uko ivo nenzira yapamutemo vanotsigira vamiririri vavo. Masangano eElector anoumba nenzira inoshamisa kumirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro dzokuenzanisa dzinoita kuti pave neparamende dzinosanowirirana zvikuru nechimiro chechirume nechedzinza chevhota, nepo gadziriro dzemibato inohwina dzinogona kubvisa manzwi mashoma. Nyika dzakadai seNew Zealand neSweden dzakagamuchira miitiro yemitengo yakavhengana kusimbisa kurondedzera. Kupfuura zvirongwa zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvinobatanidza, kumirirawo matare akagadzwa, matare ezvokusarudza, uye mabasa ehurumende anoratidzira nzanga anoshanda.

Kumirira Kunzanga

Chirevo chenzanga chinopfuura kubatanidza kuva nechokuita mukuita zvisarudzo kwemasangano. Ikoku kunobatanidza makambani ebhizimisi, vatarisiri veyunivhesiti, utungamiriri husingabetseri purofiti, uye kuva nezvinobudisa nhau. Kana kumirira magariro akasimba, zvimiro zvakasiyana- siyana zvemagariro, kugamuchirwa, kuchengetedzwa, uye zvirimo kuumba chisiko (kubatanidza migumisiro inowirirana zvikuru netsika. Somuenzaniso, kunzvera kwakaratidza kuti makambani ane mhatsa yevatano yakasiyana-peni pamapapu avo anoshandisa mari. Nenzira yakafanana, mapepanhau anoratidza mhatsa yedzinza nedzemari dzinoita kuti vateereri vavo vapemhesano dzetsika dzakanaka zvikuru.

Mufananidzo Wetsika

Kumirira tsika kunovimbisa kuti kuva nemhesano, nhau, mitauro, uye magamuchidzanwa zvemapoka ose zvinobvumwa uye zvinokosheswa muhurukuro yavose. Ikoku kunobatanidza mufananidzo muvaraidzo, mabhuku, mamiziyamu, uye dzidzo. Apo mufananidzo wetsika unodzikamiswa, unorwisa mirangariro, unokurudzira kunzwisisana, uye unotsigira chiremera chenzanga dzezvikamu zvishoma. Nhaka kana kuti kushatisa kupfuudzira shawo yetsika inogona kusimudzira kufungira mano akaipa uye kuderedza. Masangano okukurudzira mutauro kuvandudza, sechisimukiso chokuchengetedza mutauro muNorth America neNew Zealand, anoratidza kuti kumirira kwetsika kunotsigira sei nzanga nenzanga yose zvayo.

Zvinetso Zvokuti Unyatsomiririra

Zvinetso izvi zvinowanzova muzvivako zvesangano, muhurumende dzenhau, uye mumasimba makuru enguva ino. Kuzvinzwisisa chinhu chinodiwa pakugadzira zvigadzikiso zvinobudirira.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvegadziriro

Mipinyi yemitemo inobatanidza mitemo, mitemo, uye miitiro yesangano izvo zvinobvisa nenzira isingachinjiki mapoka akati kuti pakutora rutivi kana kuti pesvedzero. Somuenzaniso, mitemo yokuvhota, miganhu inoganhurirwa, uye kurasika kwemipimo inodzorwa kunotapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi vanhu veruvara, vanhu vanowana mari shoma, uye vavhoti vaduku. Gadziriro dzemari dzinotsamira zvikuru kuvapi vakapfuma dzinogonawo kushatisa ratidziro, sezvo vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vangaisa mifungo yavapi vakuru vemipi vorumbidzi vavo huru. Kuwedzera, miitiro yoruwa yakadai seringi inovarira vanhu vakaderera mumikana yezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwamapoka makuru, vachishatisawo vapfumitengi venzanga duku.

Kudzvinyirirwa Nekuodzwa Mwoyo Kukuru

Kudzvinyirira kweVoter kunobatanidza mativi anoverengeka emitoo yakadai se-Brennan Center for Justice. Zvinobatanidza kuderedza nzvimbo dzokuvhota munharaunda duku, kubvisa mapepa evota, kunoda zvimiro zvakati zvemadrowa zvakakurumbira pakati pamapoka akati, uye kuparadzira mashoko asina kururama pamusoro pemiitiro yokuvhota. Mukuwirirana neBrennan Center ye Justice, pakati pa2018, inotemwa muU.S. Mitemo inodzo inodzorwa yemitemo yokuvhotera inodzorwa. Kunzvera kwacho kunoratidza kuti mitemo yakadaro inodzosa, zvikurukuru pakati penzanga dzeruvara, zvikurukuru, nenzira iyoyo inosimudzira kumiteve, vachena, uye vapfumi vapfumi.

Kushaikwa Kwokungwarira Nedzidzo Yemibatanidzwa

Vanhu vakawanda havazivi kuti vangabudirira sei mune zvematongerwe enyika kana kuti vangataura sei nevamiririri vavo kana kuti vasarudzei. Dzidzo yeBHAYIBHIRO yaderera mugadziriro dzakawanda dzezvikoro, ichisiya vagari vemo vasina zivo inodiwa kuti vadzorere nhau dzakaoma dzakadai sokudzosa, makarenda okuisa mitemo, uye nguva dzetsinhiro dzavo. Uku kusanzwisisa kunogona kuwedzerwa nemhinganidzo dzomutauro, kuwanikwa kwakaganhurirwa kwehurumende. Pasina kunyatsoziva uye kusavimba nehurumende. Masangano anosanozivikanwa zvikuru, kunyange mamiriri akagadzwa anogona kukundikana nemhaka yokuti vanhu havazivi nzira yokunzwa nayo manzwi avo.

Zvirongwa Zvokumirira Kumirira

Kukunda idzi denho kunoda chiito chamaune pamwero yakawanda((imonzi), yenzanga, uye yomunhu oga. Pasi apa mazano akabvumikiswa anogona kusimbisa kumirira ndokuvimbisa kuti manzwi ose anobatanidzwa.

Kudzidzisa uye Kungwarira

Kufunda mudzidzo yehurumende nokuziva ruzhinji zvirongwa zvinobetsera kubvisa miitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kupa simba vanhu kupinda. Ikoku kunogona kubatanidza zvikoro zvinodzidzisa kuti mutemo unova mutemo sei, nzira yokuziva nayo vamiriri vomunhu, uye nzira yokutora nayo rutivi muhurumende yomunzvimbomo. Masangano enzanga akadai seChinzwano cheVakadzi Voters uye zvisiri vapartis anobetsera mapoka akafanana [[FLT:]] Vote [ anofambisa motokari dzokunyoresa uye marobhodhi emashoko. Matururowa akadai semipapu yakaza miganhu yemicheto yemitemo neyamakwarapidhi kuti zvisarutso.

Gadziriro Yemitemo Inobatanidza Zvose

Policies inofanira kuva yakagadzirirwa namaune kusimudzira kuratidzwa. Ikoku kunobatanidza kugamuchira gadziriro dzokuvhota dzinowirirana kana kuti dzinoiswa panzvimbo yakaenzana idzo dzinokuita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru nokuda kwemirangariro miduku kuwana zvigaro. Manisiparati akawanda akaita chivhoti chakarongwa kuti aderedze muuyo unoshatisa uye anokurudzira vakwikwidziridziridziridziridziri vanokwirira kumativi akawanda. Mukuwedzera, miitiro yakadai sepokuvhotera nenzwi mumitauro mizhinji), nhimbe dzemari yokuchinja (zvakadai semifungo duku-dona), uye kunyoresa kwokuvhotera kwebasa kwoga kunogona kuderedza munda wokutamba. [[FTLT:0] [FLT] [FLD1]

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga Nemakwenzi Anoronga

Masangano anonyandura masangano namasangano enzanga kazhinji kazhinji imotokari dzinobudirira zvikurusa nokuda kwokukudza manzwi. Kupfurikidza nokuvaka chivimbo, kurovedza vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo, uye kuunganidza vamiririri kupinda horo dzetaundi, kupupurira pakutonga, uye kuronga panhau dzakati, aya mapoka anogona kumanikidza masangano kuti agamuchire zvikuru. Mienzaniso inobudirira inobatanidza Conference on Civil Rights and Human Rights [[[FLM:1], iyo yakabatanidza kubatanidzwa kwekodzero dzokuvhotera nokutora nhamba, uye kukwidziridza ruramisiro yemhoteredzo, izvo zvakakwidziridza itiro dzenzanga dzezvirongwa zvemari, apo vagari vatema vanosarudza kuronga mari yavose mumaguta anotevedzerwa muBrazil, uye kuendesa kuguta reBrazil.

Fundo Dzenhau Dzomufananidzo Unobudirira

Kuongorora zvakaitika kare uye zvakaitika panguva iyoyo kuti vagadzirise kunoratidza zvipingamupinyi uye kuti zvingangovapo kana munhu achizvidzora oga.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo (United States)

Kurwisa kweAfrican American kwekodzero dzevagari vemo pakati pezana ramakore rechi20 muenzaniso wenzira yokuunganidza nayo uswa, denho dzemitemo, uye kupindira kwehurumende zvinogona kuwedzera kumirira. Kupfurikidza nokugara, kufamba, uye hondo dzedare, vashingaidzi vakaputsa mitemo yaibvisa vagari vemo veBlack pavhoti uye hofisi yezvamatongerwe enyika. Voting Rights Act ye 1965 yakabvisa kuedza kunyora nokunyora uye dzimwe ganhuriro dzedhicrimirimi, zvichitungamirira kukuwedzera kunoshamisa mukunyoresa kweBlack rovhotar nesarudzo dzavakuru vakuru vakuru veBlack pamwero yose yehurumende. Bva kurwa kwacho kunopfuurira: Supreme Court’s Shel Countyby v v. Bander yakaderedza gadziriro huru dzeChibvumirano cheSarevoti yeSal, uye nhamburiko itsva kudzvinyirira shoo kuratidzira kuti kusambo kusambo zvachose.

Kufamba Kwavakadzi (Nyika Yose)

Kutendeutswa kwavakadzi kunomirira imwe yewedzero hurusa inoshandura zvikurusa yemimirimo munhau muna 1920. Kuvambira mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi19, kunyoresa munyika yose kwakaitwa kupfurikidza nenhimbe, kunyunyuta, uye kusateerera kwavagari vemo. New Zealand yakava nyika yokutanga kupa vakadzi vhoti yorudzi muna 1893; United States yakatevera neMenderero ye 19 yePendekoso yemitemo muna 1920. Kupfuura maruramiro okuvhota, sangano rinogombedzerwa namasangano okutungamirira vakadzi uye nhau dzenhau dzinovambira pakodzero dzezvinhu kuutano hwokubereka. Nhasi, nyika dzakadai seRwanda dzakawana muganhu wedanho yorudzi mudare reparamende mumhiko nechido chezvamatongerwe enyika zvinotsigirwa, zvichiratidzira kuti matanho akananga anogona kukurumidza.

Masangano Ekodzero Dzevagari Vomunyika (Global)

Vanhu vemo vakarwira kare kuzivikanwa uye kuva nechokuita nezvisarudzo zvinotapura nyika dzavo, tsika, uye ramangwana. MuCanada, Zvokwadi neReconciliation Commission yakasimbisa muuyo unoparadza wezvikoro zvokugara uye yakadana kumirira kweIndiorty muhurumende. Bumbiro remitemo reBolivia ra2009 rakaziva nyika sehurumende inotonga nyika, richivimbisa zvigaro zveIndineswo yeI musangano rehurumende uye masangano okubvunza. MuAustralia, Ulure State of the Strounce kudio Livement, chikarakadzo chokumirira interrine I hover muchinyorwa chorudzi rwacho. Masangano aya anoratidza kuti kuva nechimiro chapachokwadi kazhinji kazhinji kunoda kugadziriswa kwezvivako.

mhedziso

Kumirira hakusati kuri rutivi rusingachinji rwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu; muitiro unoshamisa unofanira kuchengetwa, kudzivirirwa, uye kugadziridzwa. Miitiro yemipimo yemufananidzo() , kuvimbisana kwehurumende, dziviriro dzapamutemo (imidziyo inogona kukudza manzwi kana kuti kuanyaradza, zvichitsamira pakuti anoshandiswa sei. Sangano rakazvipira kuva nechokwadi chokuti munhu ari wose ane inzwi anofanira kutaura miganhu, anofanira kuisa dzidzo yehurumende, kutora mitemo inowirirana, uye kutsigira mibatanidzwa youswa hunova nesimba. Zvidzidzo zveChiviga maruramiro chaVakadzi, uye kodzero dzeIOGroit - > zvinotiyeuchidza kuti fambiro mberi kunobvira, asi kunoda nhamburiko inopfuurira. Munhu ari wose ane dandadziro mubasa iri mukuva achiziva, kunyora, kutsigira, uye kuteerera ikoko kunotibatanidza nesimba gurukota nemhaka yokuti tinonzwa.