Gavhuna muUnited States yose vane mutoro wokuita zvisarudzo zvinotapura mamirioni avagari vemo, kubva pakugoverwa kwemari uye kugoverwa kwemigumisiro yezvoutano kudzidzo nokugadzirwa kwezvirongwa zvemari. Munguva yezvinetso zvakaoma zvikuru, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakawanda vakatendeukira kumirayiridzo nezvinodzorwa kuti vatungamirire zvisarudzo zvavo. Panzvimbo pokuvimba bedzi noruzivo rwezvinhu zvezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti ufakazi hwezvokushandisa, magavhuna azvino uno ari kushandisa kunzvera kwakakomba kunzvera zvinetso, ongorora, uye chiyero chemigumisiro. Kuchinja uku kumiitiro yenhau inodzorwa kumitezo, kuzvidavirira kukuru zvikuru, uye kuvimbwa navanhu.

Nyaya inonzvera kuti vadzori vanoshandisa sei mashoko nezvinozivisa kuzivisa zvisarudzo zvemiitiro, kunzvera marudzi amanyoro avanotsamira paari, mitoo yavanoshandisa, uye tapuro chaiyoiyo yenyika yeiyi mitoo. Inokurukurawo denho nemikana zvinouya nemashoko anoshandiswa uye inotarira mberi kunguva yemberi yokudzora kwakavakirwa paufakazi.

Kuwedzera Kweutongi Hwematairwo Ezvinhu

Pfungwa yokushandisa mashoko mugadziriro yavose haisi itsva chose chose, asi mwero, kumhanya, uye kuoma kwemashoko anorondedzera yakawedzera zvinoshamisa mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Magavhuna aiwanzoita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pazano renyanzvi, maonero avanhu, maverengero ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye muenzaniso wenhau. Nepo izvi zvinhu zvichiri zvinokosha, mashoko anonatsa zvino anopa hwaro hwakawanda hwokuongorora zvaangasarudza nokufanotaura migumisiro.

Hurumende dzakashandisa zvirongwa zvemasangano emashoko, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzokuchengetera mashoko dzakaiswa pakati, zvikuva zvemabhizimisi zvemakambani okuongorora zvinhu, uye zvikwata zvevazivi vemabhizimisi. Maererano nokuongorora kwakaitwa neNational Institute of Chief Information Manerst Office, inodokuva nyika dzose dzakatanga chirongwa chemashoko kuti dzitsigire muitiro nezvisarudzo zvinoshanda. Magavhuna akawanda akagadzira mahofisi emashoko akazvitsaurira kana kuti akagadzwa vakuru vakuru vakuru vemazita kuti vatarisire nhamburiko idzi.

Mutyairi mukuru weiyi kombamiro kuwanika kuri kuwedzera kwemashoko enguva chaiyoiyo anobva mumanyuko akasiyana- siyana, kubatanidza zvinyorwa zvesangano rehurumende, mirangariro yemifungo, majekiseni ezvigaro zvenyika. Nhamba musimba rokugadzira nokuchengeta dzakaita kuti kubvire kunzvera manyuko makuru nokukurumidza uye nenzira inoshanda. Somuuyo, vatongi vanogona kuwana mashoko enguva ino kusvikira kumifungo yemari, kumuka kwehosha, mitoo yemotokari, uye zvakawanda.

Mativi Akasiyana - siyana Anoshandiswa NavanaGavhuna

Mashoko chaiwo anodiwa anoenderana nenzvimbo yacho, asi mamwe mapoka anokosha zvikuru munzvimbo dzakawanda dzokutonga.

Mashoko Akanyorwa Nevanhu

Mashoko anozivisa uwandu hwevagari vemo, kuparadzirwa kwezera, uwandu hwemitengo yemari, kuwana dzidzo, uye kuparadzirwa kwenzvimbo. Mashoko aya anokosha kuti anzwisise zvinodikanwa zvenzanga dzakasiana - siana uye zviwanikwa zvinogoverwa nenzira inowirirana. Somuenzaniso, gavhuna anorangarira nhano itsva yokurapa angashandisa mashoko okubatanidza miganhu yavagari vemo kuti aonekwe nezvinoiswa pasi zvikuru zvavakweguru kana kuti vagari vemo vakaderera vangada mabasa anoitirwa.

Masangano ehurumende anowanzounganidza mashoko echiverengero chavagari vemo kupfurikidza neCensus Bureau, nzvero dzehurumende, uye marekodhi ezvoudzo. The American Community Survey (ACS) ndiro manyuko makuru nokuda kwavazhinji veidzi mhesano, achigovera zviverengero zvegore negore zvenyika nenharaunda. Gavhuna vanoshandisawo zviverengero zvechiverengero chavagari vemo kuronga zvinodikanwa zvenguva yemberi, zvakadai sesimba rechikoro kana kuti midziyo yokufambisa.

Mativi Ezvemari

Mazita ezvemari ane chokuita nemwero yemabasa, mibayiro, kukura kwebhizimisi, maindasitiri, mari inogadzirwa nehurumende, uye zvinhu zvepamba zvakanyanyisa (GDP). Vatongi vanoshandisa mashoko aya kuongorora utano hwemari yenyika yavo uye kuronga mitemo inosimudzira kugadzirwa kwemabasa uye kugadziridzwa kwezveupfumi. Somuenzaniso, panguva yokuderera kwemabhizimisi, gavhuna angaongorora kukumbira kushaya mabasa uye kuvharwa kwebhizimisi kuti asarudze kuti mapurogiramu okurovedza basa kana kuti zvikwereti zvebhizimisi zvikwereti.

Madhipatimendi ebasa rehurumende uye masangano ezvemari anoita kuti mashoko akawanda ave emashoko aya. Uyezve, zvikamu zvehurumende zvakadai seBureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) uye Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) zvinogovera mabhii ezvemari asingachinji.

Kuziva Utano

Mashoko ezvoutano anobatanidza mashoko pamusoro pokupararira kwehosha, kukwanisa kwezvipatara, uwandu hwezvoutano, kukwanisa kurapa, kufa kwavacheche, uye zvirwere zvisingaperi. Dambudziko reCHOVID rakaratidzira kuti mashoko ezvoutano enguva chaiyoiyo anokosha sei nokuda kwamagavhuna. Manyika akawanda akaita mabhodhi outano avanhu aitsvaka zvirwere, kuiswa muchipatara, uye kufa, zvichiita kuti vapindire zvikuru.

Kupfuura zvirwere, magavhuna anoshandisa mashoko outano kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakadai sehosha yemaopioid, utano hwaamai, uye mabasa okurapa pfungwa.

Mitauro Yedzidzo

Vatongi vanoisa dzidzo pakutanga uye vanopa mabhiriyoni emadhora mari pakutsigira mari, saka mashoko akavimbika anodiwa kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinobudirira.

Masangano edzidzo ehurumende anounganidza mashoko kubva kumaruwa edzidzo, kusanganisira masendi akawanda, madhigirii, uye kunyoresa pakoreji.

Kuvaka uye Kuziva Zvakatipoteredza

Gavhuna vanoshandisawo mashoko ane chokuita nezvokufambisa, zvinoshandiswa, dzimba, uye zvakapoteredza. Somuenzaniso, magetsi ezvitakuriso nemashoko eGPS anobatsira kuronga kugadziridzwa kwemigwagwa uye kuwanda kwemichina. Mashoko emhoteredzo pamusoro pemhepo nemvura anozivisa mirayiridzo uye mari inoiswa musimba rakachena. Mari dzedzimba, dzakadai semitengo yokurenda uye mitengo yemisha, anobatsira magavhuna kuti akwanise kubhadhara mari uye kusava nepo.

Kuchinja Kunoita Zvisarudzo Zvemazano

Vazivi vanobvumira magavhuna kubva pakuchinja zvinhu kuti zviende kukuita kuti zvinhu zvienderere mberi. Nokuongorora zvinhu zviri kuitika kare uye mamiriro ezvinhu azvino, vanogona kuziva zvinetso zviri kumuka zvisati zvasvika pamwero wenjodzi. Vanogonawo kutevedzera migumisiro ingangovapo yemiitiro yakasiyana - siyana, vachisarudza iya inoita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakanaka.

Muitiro Wezvemari

Mazita ezvemari anoita basa guru mukubudirira kwemari yehurumende uye muitiro wemitero.

Dzimwe nharaunda dzakagamuchira "kushandisa mari inotsigirwa neufakazi" nzira dzinoda masangano kuratidzira kushanda kwepurogiramu kupfurikidza nokunzvera mashoko. Ikoku kunobetsera vadzori kugovera zviwanikwa zvakaganhurirwa kugadziriro dzinoparira miuyo inoyevedza. Somuenzaniso, Miuyo yeWashington State Washington inoshandisa nhano yemashoko yokuita kuti irondedze fambiro mberi hurusa sedzidzo, utano, uye kukura kwemari.

Utano Hwavose Nechengeteko

Mukati medenda reCOVID-19, magavhuna akashandisa mashoko anobva kumanyuko akawanda kuita zvisarudzo pamusoro pekuvhara, kuraira mabhakitire, uye kuparadzirwa kwenhomba. Kukurumidza kwokunzvera mashoko kwakavabvumira kugadziridza miitiro nokukurumidza sezvo mugariro wacho wakavapo. Kupfuura mamiriro ezvinhu, mashoko outano anobetsera magavhuna kuisa mari kunzvimbo dzine chinodikanwa chikurusa, zvakadai senhamba dzokumaruwa dzine kuganhurirwa kusvika kuutano.

Mishumo yekotsekano yavose, kubatanidza nhamba dzoutsotsi uye kuraira basa, inozivisa mitemo ine chokuita nemapurisa, ruramisiro yeutsotsi, uye chengeteko yenzanga. Mitemo yakawanda zvino inoshandisa kufungidzira nharaunda dzine ngozi huru dzoutsotsi hwamasimba masimba, ichibvumira kuchengetwa kwomutemo kutumira zvinhu nenzira inobudirira zvikuru. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemapurisa anofungidzira kwakamutsawo funganyo pamusoro petsvo nerusununguko rwevagari vemo, izvo magavhuna anofanira kuyera pakugamuchira maturusi akadaro.

Kuchinja Dzidzo

Mitemo yedzidzo yemitemo inobatanidza kutsigira mari yakavakirwa pakushanda kwezvikoro, miitiro yenyevero yapakuvamba yokuziva vadzidzi vari mungozi yokurega, uye kupindira kwakarongwa nokuda kwamaruwa anorwisa. Somuenzaniso, Ohio inoshandisa gadziriro yenyevero yapakuvamba inonzvera kupinda, mufambiro, uye muitiro wekosi kukunda vadzidzi vangada tsigiro yokuwedzera. Ikoku kunobvumira zvikoro kupindira vadzidzi vasati vawa zvikuru.

Gavhuna vanoshandisawo mashoko edzidzo kuti vatsigire kuchinja kwetsika, kwakadai sokuwedzera mari yokutsigira dzidzo yepauduku hwapakuvamba kana kuti kuwedzera kwepurogiramu dzebasa uye dzedzidzo yezvounyanzvi.

Muitiro Wemhoteredzo Nesimba

Mashoko egasi rinopisa, chizvarwa chinomutsidzirwa simba, uye mamiriro okunze akanyanyisa anobatsira magavhuna kuti agadzirise zvirongwa zvemamiriro okunze.

Mashoko emagetsi, kusanganisira kushandisa magetsi uye kukwanisa kushandisa magetsi, anozivisa zvisarudzo pamusoro pezvinoita kuti simba rishandezve uye kuisa mari yezvirongwa zvemari.

Kuongorora Vara: Zvinyorwa Zvinoshanda

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo inoverengeka inoratidzira kuti magavhuna akashandisa sei nenzira inobudirira mashoko anoshora kuzivisa zvisarudzo zvetsika.

Kupindura kweCOVID - 19 muNew York

Mukati memwedzi yapakuvamba yedenda racho, Gavhuna weNew York Andrew Cuomo akaita mishumo yezuva nezuva yemishumo yenhau yairatidzira mishumo mikuru yemashoko. CHOVID-19 yemugwagwa wehurumende yakabatanidza mwero yokuiswa muchipatara, kuedzwa kwezvisarudzo, uye nhamba dzenhau dzenharaunda. Iyi mirau yakatungamirira zvisarudzo pamusoro pezvikamu zvinovhurwazve uye mipiro. Maererano nomushumo weRockefeller Institute of Government, nzira yenhau yenhau yakaitwa nehurumende yakabetsera New York kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu echipatara uye kutarisira mamiriro ezvipatarati.

Dambudziko Rezvipembenene muOhio

Ohio yakatapurwa zvikuru neopioid denda. Gavhuna Mike DeWine akavhura "Ohio Opioid Data Dashboard" muna 2018, iyo inobatanidza mashoko anobva kumanyuko akawanda, kubatanidza shanyo dzekamuri rekurumidziro, kufa kwakanyanyisa, uye mitoo inonyorwa. Broadadbhu inobvumira nyika navakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo kuziva zvisaririra zvinopisa nenhamburiko dzanyajambwa. Nhambudzo yakarumbidzwa nokubetsera kuderedza rufu rwakawanda mudzimwe nzanga.

Kuchinja Dzidzo muTennessee

Gavhuna weTennessee Bill Haslam akashandisa nhano ye "Drive kusvikira ku 55", achivavarira kuwedzera chikamu chevagari vemo vane postsecondary profession kusvikira ku 55% pa2025. Hurumende yakashandisa mashoko pakunyoresa pakoreji, mwero yokupedza, uye vashandi vanofanira kuronga mapurogiramu akadai seTennessee Project, anopa kunyoresa kwemakoleji kwapachena. Kuongorora kwemari kwakaratidza kuti mhingani yemari yakanga iri mhingani huru, inotungamirira kupurogiramu yedzidzo. Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, nhamba yokunyoresa yapakoreji yakawedzera zvakawedzera zvikuru.

Zvinetso Muutongi Hwokunyora Mashoko

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzahwo, zviremera zvemashoko zvinotarisana nezvinetso zvinoverengeka. Gavhuna navashandi vavo vanofanira kuziva nezvenhau idzi kuti vashandise mashoko nenzira yakanaka uye inobudirira.

Kuva Wega Kwemashoko uye Kuchengeteka

Kuunganidza nokunzvera mashoko omunhu oga, zvakadai sezvinyorwa zvoutano kana kuti kushanda kwechikoro, kunomutsa itiro hanya dzoungwaru. Mitemo inofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yakadai seHIPAA (Health Inishuwarensition Portability and Accountability Act) neFERPA (Remage okuti family Educational and Isficial Act). Uyezve, kupunza mashoko kunogona kufumura mashoko akakomba, kubvisa chivimbo chavanhu. Gavhuna vanofanira kuisa mari mukuvadziko yeIndaneti ndokutanga mitemo yakajeka nokuda kwokuunganidzwa kwemashoko, kugoverana, uye kuzvipira.

Kunaka Kwemashoko uye Kururama

Mitauro inobetsera bedzi kana iri yakarurama uye yakavimbika. Mashoko asina kukwana kana kuti ekare-kare anogona kutungamirira kuzvisarudzo zvisina kururama. Somuenzaniso, mukati medenda, dzimwe nyika dzakarwisana nokunonoka mukunzvera mashoko, uko kwakakuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuwana kupararira kwechokwadi kwevhairasi. Kubatanidza utachiona mumasangano akawanda kunogona kuvawo kwakaoma, sezvo madhipatimendi akasiyana - siyana angashandisa gadziriro kana kuti rondedzero dzisingawi.

Equity naBias

Mitengo inonatsa inogona kupfuudzira rusaruro rwuripo kana rusati rwasanogadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, mienzaniso inodeya kutaura inoshandiswa mururamisiro youtsotsi nenzira yokusaziva ingaratidzira kusawirirana kwenhau mumapurisa. Nenzira yakafanana, mashoko edzidzo angasimbisa misiyano pasina kuisa zvisakiso zvikuru zvakafanana nekusaenzana. Gavhuna vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yemitemo haikuvadzi nzanga dzakaganhurirwa nenzira isingadzoreki. Kuisa vachengeti vemichinjikwa vakasiana- siyana uye mufambiro wokunyora mapepa kunogona kubetsera kuderedza ngozi idzi.

Unyanzvi uye Kuziva

Kushandisa mashoko kunoda vashandi vane unyanzvi, kubatanidza masayendisiti emashoko, vaongorori, uye IT. Nyika duku kana kuti avo vane mari shoma vangatamburira kubhadhara nokuchengeta unyanzvi hwakadaro. Kuwedzera, magavhuna navashandi vawo vanofanira kunzwisisa ganhuriro dzemashoko ndokudzivisa kunyanyova vanoshandisa pamichina yokuziva. Kuvaka mashoko muhurumende yose ibasa rinopfuurira.

Mikana Nemiitiro Yenguva Yemberi

Vachitarira mberi, miitiro mizhinji inovimbisa kuwedzera basa remashoko mukudzora. Gavhuna vanoisa mari muzvinhu izvi vachakwanisa kuita zvisarudzo zvine ruzivo uye kunatsiridza migumisiro yehurumende dzavo.

Uchenjeri Hwokugadzira Nokudzidza Michina

Dzidzo yeI nemuchina inogona kunzvera michina mikuru yokuziva mitauro ndokudeya kutaura zvinoitika zvomunguva yemberi. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dziri kushandisa michina kudzidza kudeya kutaura mishumo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana neshanyo dzapamusha dzinodzivirira. Dzimwe dziri kunzvera kuti dziwanikwe nenzira yokunyengera mumapurogiramu anobetsera. Zvisinei, magavhuna anofanira kusvika AI achingwarira, achivimbisa kuti ujekeri nokuzvidavirira mukuita chisarudzo cheauto.

Kutanga Kuziva Mashoko

Nyika dzakawanda dzakatanga mapepa akazaruka anoita kuti mashoko ehurumende awanike kuvanhu. Uku kuona kunoita kuti vatsvakurudzi, vatori venhau, uye vagari vemo vazvidavirire voita kuti hurumende izvisarudze uye ipedze kuongorora matongerwe ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, nyika yeTexas inoshandisa Texas Open Data Portal, inosanganisira mashoko ane chokuita noutano, dzidzo, uye zvokufambisa. Kuvhura mashoko kunogonawo kunyandura kutangwa, sezvo vatengesi vebhizimisi uye vashanyi vanoshandisa mashoko ehurumende kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva nemibato.

Zvinotaura Zvinogara Zvakaitika

Gavhuna vanogona kushandisa zvinoda kufanoziva kuti zvinhu zvinenge zvaparara sei uye kuti zvigadziriswe zvakanaka. Somuenzaniso, mashoko anobva mumichina iri pamabhiriji nemigwagwa anogona kufanotaura kuti pangangova nemhosho kana kuti kusvava, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa kwazvakaitirwa pane kugadziriswa zvinhu zvinodhura.

Nzira Dzokuziva Dzakaiswa Mumakwenzi

Kuputsa silos pakati pamasangano ehurumende chinhu chinokura. Masangano emashoko akavhengana anobatanidza dzidzo, utano, masangano enzanga, uye mashoko ebasa zvinogona kugovera chiono chakakwana chezvinodikanwa zvevagari vemo. “Basa reProvice Interation" basa, somuenzaniso, rinoshandisa mashoko anobva kumasangano akawanda kuziva mhuri dzingabetserwa netsigiro yakarongeka. Migumisiro yapakuvamba inokarakadza kuti mutoo uyu unogona kuderedza kudikanwa kwezviwiro zvekurumidziro uye kuvandudza migumisiro yenguva refu.

mhedziso

Mitauro nezvinodzivisa zvazova zvishandiso zvinokosha nokuda kwamagavhuna ari kutsvaka kuita zvisarudzo zvemiitiro yokuziva. Kuvambira pakubudirira kwezvemari noutano hwevoruzhinji kusvikira kudzidzo negadziriro, mashoko anogonesa vakuru vehurumende kuziva zvinetso, sarudza, uye fambiro mberi yenjavara. Nepo zvinetso zvine chokuita nokuva woga, wirirano, uye mano zvichiripo, mikana yokuvandudza iri yakawanda.

Gavhuna vanogamuchira kudzorwa kwemashoko kwakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti vashumire vagari vavo nenzira inobudirira uye nenzira inobudirira. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runopfuurira kufambira mberi, basa remashoko mumiitiro richangokura bedzi, kuchikuita kuti kuve kunokosha kuti vatungamiriri vasakudziridze unyanzvi hwezvokuziva, vachengetedze misengwa yetsika. Nguva yemberi yokudzora idata yakaumbwa, uye vatongi vanotungamirira noufakazi vachawana nzvimbo yakanakisisa kuti vaite zvinodiwa nezvinooma zvezana ramakore rechi21.