Kushanduka - shanduka Kwemashoko

Mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, nzira iyo vanhu vanosvika nayo nokushandisa mashoko yachinja zvikuru. Kuchinja kubva kuvachengeti vemagedhi echinyakare nechero kwemapepanhau, vabudisi vedzidzo, uye kushambadzira purogiramu dzepasi dzemapepanhau (jeri remapepanhau) kwachinja zvikuru. Kwakadai sevapepeti vemapepanhau, vanobudisa mashoko ezvidzidzo zvedzidzo nerevoreji. Zvinhu zviri mukati, pamwe chete nekumhanya kwazvinoita mukambani, zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kupfuura kare nokuda kwemashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa kusvika kuvateereri vakawanda ruramiso isati yabudiswa. Kunzwisisa iyi nzvimbo itsva ine nhano yokutanga kukuramakuwana mashoko anodiwa kuti ionekwe zvakanaka.

Misoro yakagadzirwa kuti iite kuti vanhu vafunge kuti zvinodavirwa zviripo zvinotsigira kuti zvivepo, uye inoita kuti pave nepokugara paine mashoko anobatsira, zvichiita kuti varavi vatange kushandisa mashoko anobatsira uye mashandiro avanoshandisa. Kana vakawana mashoko avanenge vachishandisa, vanokwanisa kuashandisazve.

Kuverenga Nezvekuverenga Nezvekunyora: Kota

Kurava nokunyora zvezvinobudisa mashoko hahusi unyanzvi humwe asi muunganidzwa wemikwikwi inowirirana inoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kusvika, kuongorora, kuyera, kugadzira, uye kuita chimwe chinhu pamashoko ezvinobudisa nhau. Iyi mikwikwidzo inoshanda muforecha yose ne(maforedhi, mifananidzo, vhidhiyo, mediyo, uye zvinobudisa mashoko. Nzvimbo huru dzokufunga zvinosanganisira:

  • Access: Kukwanisa kuwana zvinobudisa nhau kubva mumanyuko akasiyana - siyana, kubatanidza maraibhurari, masero okunyorera, uye mavhoriyamu emichina, nepo uchinzwisisa ganhuriro dzemaarusaiti esvomhu.
  • [[FT:0] Ayalysis: Uyero hwokuzivisa shoko renhau kupfurikidza nokunzvera donzo raro, vateereri, unyanzvi hwokubudisa, uye mirangariro yakavanzika.
  • kuvadziko: Muitiro wokusarudza kuvimbika, kururama, uye kuvimbika kwechikamu chamashoko chakavakirwa paufakazi namashoko akapoteredza.
  • Chisiko: mano okubudisa zvinobudisa nhau zvomunhu amene anogutswa nenzira ine mufungo, nokuziva kuti zvisarudzo zvegadziriro zvinotapura sei revo netapuro.
  • Action: Kushandisa zvinobudisa nhau kutora rutivi mumibato yevagari vemo, yenzanga, kana kuti yokusika zvinhu] zvakadai sokugoverana mashoko akabvumikiswa, kupinda mukurukurirano yokuremekedza, kana kuti kutsigira zvisakiso.

Kukudziridza aya makwikwi kunoda zvose zviri zviviri muraidzo wakarongwa nomuitiro wezuva nezuva. Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, kubatanidza kurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau nedzinonyorwa nedzinobuda panzvimbo yokuibata semusoro wenhau wakakurumbira() yakaratidzirwa kuvandudza nokupfuudzwa kwounyanzvi. Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzi voupenyu hwose, kushandiswa kwenzira dzokunzvera nguva dzose mumativi akasiyana kunovaka ruzivo rwokuberekwa narwo nokufamba kwenguva.

Chinoita Kuti Kuverenga Nokunyora Kukoshe Kupfuura Zvati Ndamboita

Mishumo yemashoko hachisi chinhu chitsva, asi mwero wayo yakura. Mapoka akadzika, rugwaro rwaAi-generated, uye mifananidzo inoshandiswa inogona kugadzirwa zvino nemidziyo isina kushandwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kusiyanisa zvinhu chaizvoizvo nezvinenge zvarongwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kuronga kwakarongwa kwemashoko, kufambiswa kwemasangano ehurumende, kuisa hurukuro dzavose nekuva nesangano rinoshandira hurumende inosarudzwa navose. Kunyora nokunyora nokunyora mashoko kunodzidzisa vanhu kubvunza mibvunzo yakarurama: Ndiani akasika shoko iri? Nei rakaitwa?

Maturusi Anokosha Okuparadza Mashoko

Zvishandiso zvakawanda zviripo kuti zvibatsire kuongorora zvinotevedzerwa, kuongorora, uye kuongorora zviri muzvinobudisa nhau. Kuziva zvinhu izvi kunogona kuderedza zvikuru nhamburiko inodiwa yokuparadzanisa mashoko akavimbika nezvinhu zvisingabvumiki. Pasi apa pane mapoka anoshanda zvikuru, pamwe chete nemienzaniso yakakotsekana yemashandisiro azvingaita chimwe nechimwe.

Mawebsite Anoongorora Chokwadi

Masangano anoongorora chokwadi anoongorora zvinotaurwa nenhamba dzehurumende, vhairasi, uye nhau dzakakurumbira. Anobudisa mashoko akazara anotsanangura kana kutaura kwacho kuri kwechokwadi, nhema, kana kuti pakati penzvimbo dzinoremekedzwa zvikurusa anosanganisira:

  • [FLT]:[[FT:3] inofukidza ngano dzomumaguta, runyerekupe rwepanheve yeInternet, uye kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Gadziriro yadzo yokuyera (um., "Zvechokwadi," "Nhezvo,"" "Chinhu chapachisi" inotsanangurwa zvakajeka namanyuko.
  • [FLT]] SECK. org:[[[FT:3] A asingaitiritarisani weAnnenberg Public Policy Center anoongorora ururami hwemashoko akataurwa neU.S. vezvematongerwe enyika uye zviri mukati mevhairasi.
  • [[NHAU] POLITIFAC :[[FTM:3] Inoshandisa "Truth-O-Meter" kuronga kutaura kubva kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa napamitezo yemasangano. Unyanzvi hwavo hunooneka zvakajeka uye hunobatanidza manyuko.

Pakusangana nokutaura kunoshamisa kana kuti kwokushatiriswa, kunzvera kwokukurumidza paimwe yeidzi nzvimbo dzinonzvera maidi kazhinji kazhinji kunogona kuzivisa kana yakatonzverwa. Zvisinei, vashandisi vanofanira kuyeuka kuti vacherekedzi veidi vangasafukidza kutaura kuri kwose nokukurumidza, naizvozvo kudzokororwa nemimwe mitoo kuchenjera.

Kuongorora Kwazvakaita: Kuedza kweCRAAP

Mutoo wakarongwa wokuyera nawo manyuko api naapi (panzvimbo yewebsite, bhuku, nyaya, kana kuti vhidhiyo(inokosha). CRAP Muedzo [ (Kuyera, Relevance, Authority, Reagh, Reacy donzo) unogovera gadziriro yakapfava:

  • Tsvakaro: Mashoko acho akabudiswa rini? Akabudiswa misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi here? Nokuda kwemisoro inochinja nokukurumidza (imo, sayenzi, technology, zvamatongerwe enyika), manyuko ekare angava echinyakare.
  • [ Revisence: Ko mashoko acho anopindura mubvunzo wako wokunzvera kana kuti kuda?
  • Ukuru: Ndiani munyori kana kuti muparidzi? Zvibvumikiso zvavo ndezvipi? Tsvaka kusonganirana namasangano edzidzo, masangano ane mukurumbira wakanaka, kana kuti nyanzvi dzinozivikanwa.
  • Accurity: Mashoko acho anotsigirwa noufakazi here? Ko rugwaro runogoverwa? Unogona kusimbisa kutaura kwacho uchishandisa mamwe manyuko? Tsvaka zvikanganiso, kunyorwa kwamashoko kusina kutsigirwa, kana kuti kukanganisa kune mufungo.
  • [[FURT:0] Purpose: Nei mashoko aya aripo? Kuzivisa, kunyengetedza, kuvaraidza, kana kuti kutengesa? Nzvera rusaruro kana kuti kusawirirana kwefariro.

Kutsvaka mufananidzo kwokudzokera shure

Mashoko asina kururama ezvinoonekwa abviswa pamashoko akapoteredza , achinjwa nemitemo, kana kuti kushatiswa kwakaipa. Kushandura maturusi okunzvera mifananidzo kunogonesa kuisa mufananidzo kana kuti kuisa URL yawo kuti uwane kumwe kuoneka kwaunooneka paIndaneti, kuti washandiswa sei, uye kana washandiswa. Google Images uye TINTE] zvisarudzo zvose zvakakurumbira.

  1. Kopa mufananidzo kana kuti vhura dhigirii kuti ukopela URL yawo.
  2. Gadzirisa kumudziyo wokutsvaka mufananidzo wadzoka ndokunamisa URL kana kuti tandisa faira.
  3. Ongorora migumisiro yokuona kwakatanga kuoneka mufananidzo wacho, kana wakashandiswa mukutsausa, uye kana wachinjwa.
  4. Cherechedza misi yokuoneka kwokutanga - tanga kwemazuva — kana mufananidzo uchiratidzwa sewakabva pane chimwe chinhu chichangobva kuitika asi wakatanga kuoneka makore akanga apfuura, sezvingabvira haubvi pamashoko akapoteredza.

Machati Ezvinobudisa Nhau Nezviyereso

Kunzwisisa pfungwa dzezvamatongerwe enyika uye dzepfungwa dzezvinobudisa nhau kunobatsira varavi kuisa mashoko mumashoko akapoteredza uye kudzivisa kutsauswa nokushuma kumwe chete.

  • [FOLT Media : Shicilela chati inoita zvokukurukura mashoko pambiru mbiri: kuvimbika (kubva ku "Original Fact Reporting" kusvikira ku "Contains in reconfish/Fabricated Informations") uye mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika (kubva ku "kw'imorick" ku "diviro" uye kubatanidza "Skent" divititio). Unyanzvi dzavo dzemiitiro dzinobatanidza nzvimbo dzinohwirudzura nyaya uye dzinoratidza.
  • Media Bia Seconde cheki: Inogovera hwirudzuro dzine udzame hwezviuru zvenhau nenzvimbo dzewebsite dzezvematongerwe enyika, kubatanidza miraudzo ye rusaruro, mashoko eidi okushuma, uye zvinonyorwa pamusoro pemitoo yeparadziro.

Cherekedza: Hapana chati yerusaruro yakakwana, + iri zvishandiso zvinobetsera mukukudza kuziva asi zvinofanira kushandiswa parutivi pamanyuko akananga. Kuyera pakati hakuvimbisi ururami, uye kuyera kwe "kuruboshwe" hakungoerekani kwakwakabva; kunongoratidzira hako chiso chinosefa mashoko.

Nhamburiko Dzakabudirira Dzokunzvera Kunotambudza

Kupfuura kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvinokosha, zvirongwa zvakawanda zvokutsvakurudza zvinogona kuvandudza zvikuru mano ako okuongorora mashoko nokukurumidza uye zvakarurama.

Kurava Kwapashure

Kurava kwomunguva yemberi inzira inoshandiswa navacherekedzi veidi vounyanzvi uye inorumbidzwa ne SSford History Education Group [SSEG]. Panzvimbo pokurambira papeji yapakuvamba (kurava kwakananga), muravi anovhura matepi matsva kunzvera manyuko, kutaura kwawo, uye mukurumbira wako.

  • Kana ukaona website iyi uchiti pane imwezve nzira yokurapa nayo chirwere, usatanga waverenga nzvimbo yacho yose, asi tsvaga mashoko matsva kuti utsvake zita rewebsite yacho, munyori wayo, uye kuti inoda kunyorwa.
  • Sangano racho rakatsoropodzwa here nokuda kwokuparadzira mashoko asina kururama?
  • Enzanisai nyaya yokurwisana nemawebsite ehurumende ezvoutano kana kuti mapepa ezvokurapa akanyorwa.

Kuverenga kwatava kupedza kunochinja pfungwa panzvimbo pokuongorora zviri mukati macho kusvika pakuongorora mashoko akapoteredza uye kuvimbika kwezvakanyorerwa, izvo zvinowanzoshanda zvakanaka.

Nzira Yokushandisa

Yakatangwa naMike Caulfield paWashington State University, mutoo weSIFT muitiro une nhano ina wokunzvera mashoko paIndaneti:

  1. [[FT:0] Mira: usati wagoverana kana kuti kutenda mashoko. Zviyeuchidze umene nezvenharidzano, kuti uwane zvokwadi, kuti urege kuvaraidzwa kana kuti kunyengetedzwa.
  2. Sarudza manyuko: Shandisa kurava kwapashure kuziva kuti ndiani akasika zviri mukati neizvo zvirongwa zvavo zvingava. Nzvera "Ngedze" peji, tsvaka magakava akapfuura, uye ona kuti mamwe manyuko anorondedzera sei sangano.
  3. Wana kubhadharwa kuri nani: Panzvimbo pokuvimba nenyaya imwe, tsvaka kushuma kwakavimbika panhau imwe cheteyo. Shandisa macheki enhau, mabudiro makuru enhau, kana kuti mapepa edzidzo. Kana kutaura kwapakuvamba kusingashumwiswi namashoko akavimbika, kungasavimbika zvikuru.
  4. anotaura, kunokora mashoko, uye zvinobudisa mashoko kumashoko apakuvamba: Mavhairasi mazhinji anobvisa mashoko kubva mamiriro ayo ezvinhu apakuvamba, achiita kuti aratidzike kuva anoshamisa zvikuru kana kuti anotsausa. Nzvera kusvikira kumanyuko apakuvamba, rava mashoko akazara, uye ona kuti mufananidzo kana kuti kunokorwa kwakanyorwa sei pakuvamba.

Nzira yokushandisa chidhindo ichi inoshanda zvikurukuru panzvimbo dzinobudisa mashoko, pamatsamba, uye pamashoko anotumirwa vanhu asingawanzovi nemashoko akapoteredza.

Kuziva Kukanganisa Kune Nzwisiso Nokushandisa Pfungwa

Vazivisi vemashoko nevanogadzira zvinhu vanowanzoshandisa mazano okuda kuziva kuti vasaongororwa zvine musoro.

  • [[FOL:0] Ad hominem: kudenha munhu anenge achiitisana nharo panzvimbo penharo dzimene.
  • chinetso chenhema: chinogovera zvisarudzo zviviri bedzi apo zvakawanda zviripo.
  • [[[FT:0] Munhu akashama:[[FT:1] Kushata kumirira nzvimbo yomushori kuita kuti kuve nyore kudenha.
  • [[FT:0] Appenetic kuchiremera: Kunodudza nyanzvi panhau isina ukama nounyanzvi hwavo.
  • [[[FT:0] Mutauro womurangariro: Anoshandisa mashoko anonyandura rutyo, hasha, kana kuti tsitsi kuti urege kufunga kwokutsoropodza.

Kana ukaona kuti mashoko acho akavimbika, unenge waronga here kuti uone kana zviri izvo zvakavimbika kana kuti zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvishande.

Kudzidzisa Kuverenga Nezvinobudisa Mashoko Mukirasi

Vadzidzisi vari pamberi kuvaka vagari vemo vanonzwisisa zvikuru. Kutumira kurava nokunyora nokunyora muzvinobudisa nhau muK --12 uye dzidzo yapamusoro kunoda kuronga kwamaune uye kudisa kupinda nezviri munyika chaiyoiyo. Pasi apa pane gadziriro dzakakura nokuda kwomurayiridzo unobudirira.

Kuongorora Zvinobudisa Nhau

Pane kuti vadzidzisi vaudze vanhu kuverenga vachishandisa rimwe chete, vanogona kuisa munhoroondo, sayenzi, chiNgezi, uye kunyange masvomhu.

  • Nhau:[[FLT: 1] Enzanisa namashoko makuru (mutoo, misoro mikuru yepepanhau inobva kunyika dzakasiana - siana) nokunzvera fungira mano akaipa mukati mezvinoitika zvikuru zvakadai seHondo yeNyika II kana kuti sangano ramaruramiro avagari vemo.
  • Specience: zvinotaura zvoutano mumagazini akakurumbira kupfurikidza nokuzvinyora kudzokera kufundo yapakuvamba yakarongwa yavezera rako. Kurukurai kuti ganhuriro dzefundo kazhinji kazhinji dzinofuratirwa sei mukushuma kwakapfava.
  • Chirungu: ongorora unyanzvi hwokushambadzira, hurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika, kana kuti pfungwa nokuda kwemazano okunyengetedza uye unyengeri hune mufungo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Masheya:[[FLT: 1] Dzidzisa vadzidzi kutsoropodza kurava machati namagirafu, kucherekedza kuti kuyera kwechidimbu, kutsauranisa mashoko, uye kugadzirwa kwezviono kunogona kukanganisa mashoko.

Kurudzira Kukurukurirana Kunonetsa

Kurukurirano yekirasi nekurukurirano zvishandiso zvine simba zvokukudziridza unyanzvi hwokunzvera. Apo vadzidzi vanokumbirwa kudzivirira chimiro chinoshandisa ufakazi, ivo nenzira yomuzvarirwo vanoshandisa kushatisa neuchokwadi. Zvisinei, vadzidzisi vanofanira kugadzira mhoteredzo yakakotsekana umo vadzidzi vanonzwa vakasununguka kutaura panikiro uye kubvunza mibvunzo. Mafomu akagadziridzwa . akadai semisangano yeSocratic kana kuti kurukurirano dzehove dzesowthl (chikamu chenziyo) chinovimbisa kuti manzwi ose anonzwiwa uye kuti pfungwa inoramba iri pakurangarira panzvimbo pokudenha kwomunhu oga.

Ita Mibato Yokupindirana

Kurovedza maoko nemaoko kunotevedzera mabasa okuongorora nyika chaiwo kunoshanda zvikuru. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • [[FLT: 0] Nzvero yamanyuko eMistery: Ipa vadzidzi muunganidzwa wenyaya ndokudzikumbira kudziisa muboka kupfurikidza nokuvimbwa kupfurikidza nokushandisa kuedza kweCRAAP kana kuti mutoo weSIFT. Kurukurai misiano munzvimbo dzavo.
  • Fake chiono chenhau: Chidenha vadzidzi kugadzira nzvimbo inotsausa noune (mutoo, musoro mukuru wenhau wenyengedzo nomufananidzo wakagadzirwa) uye ipapo ita kuti vakunzvere vachishandisa kunzvera kwapashure pemifananidzo uye kurava kwapashure. Uku kushandura kunobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa kuti mashoko enhema anovakwa sei.
  • Ufakazi hwechokwadi: Mukati merusando rwekirasi kana kuti musangano chaiwoiwo, kumbira vadzidzi kusimbisa kutaura kwekomba munguva chaiyoiyo vachishandisa maturusi anokurukurwa. Nhamburiko yeboka inoratidzira kuti maidi anogona kunzverwa nokukurumidza sei.

Govera Mari Nokurovedza

Ipa vadzidzi ndaza yakatemwa yematurusi uye kurudzira kushandiswa nguva dzose. Somuenzaniso, ita faira yepepa ine macheki edi redic - checkers, machati etsauko retsananguro, uye mapeji okunzvera mifananidzo. Ipa basa rinoitirwa kumba iro rinoda kuyera nyaya yenhau kana kuti nzvimbo inobudiswa nevemasangano avanhu uye kupa nyora pfupi pamuitiro wokuva nechokwadi. Nokufamba kwenguva, miitiro iyi inova miitiro inoitika yoga.

Matambudziko Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Pasinei zvapo nokuwanika kwezvishandiso zvine simba namazano, mhinganidzo dzinokosha dzinosara. Kumhanya kwamashoko kunoparadzirwa kazhinji kazhinji kunopfuvura nhamburiko dzechokwadi. Munguva ino, zviri mukati zvakasanoiswa neAI(kubatanidza mavhidhiyo akadzika midzi, zvokugadzira, uye mashoko zvinotevedzera kunyora kwavanhu (zvinoisa zvinetso zvitsva. Kuoma kwemunhu wezvamatongerwe enyika anotaura mashoko enhema kunogona kuva vhairasi zvisati zvawanikwa. Nenzira yakafanana, mabharo makuru omutauro anogona kubudisa mashoko anopwisa asi akajeka chose chose chose anoratidzika kuva "rearch" anotenderwa.

Kuti kugadziriswe zvinetso izvi, pane nzira dzakawanda dziri kutevera:

  • Uchokwadi hwakajeka:[[FT:1] Platforms dzakadai seWikipedia uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzesociation dzinoshandisa kururamisa kwakawanda uye gadziriro dzokutumira mashoko kuti dzitsigire zviri mukati. Masangano aya anovimba nevazvipiri uye angangova anotapurika kubatira pamwe.
  • Unyanzvi hwe Digital hwakabvumikiswa: Kutanga kwakafanana ne [[FT:2] Kuda kweMatai nerechokwadi [[CP]] (C2PA) iri kushanda kugadzira mipimo inoumba mavambo nokugadziridza nhau yemazati emichina. Painenge yaitwa zvizere, vashandisi vangakwanisa kuona kana mufananidzo kana kuti vhidhiyo yachinjwa.
  • Dzidzo yokugona kurava nokunyora pamwero: Nyika dzakafanana neFinland neCanada dzakabatanidza kurava nokunyora nezvinobudisa mashoko kuva zvizvarwa zvenyika kubvira pazera rapakuvamba, dzichiratidza vandudziko dzinoenzana mukukwanisa kwavadzidzi kuziva mashoko asina kururama. Mamwe marudzi ava kuvamba kutevera mufambiro wakafanira.

Mutoro womunhu mumwe nomumwe unoramba uri mukuru. Hapana chishandiso chinogona kutsiva kudikanwa kwendangariro dzokupanikira nokudisa kupedzera nguva muuchokwadi. Sezvo zviri mukati zvakarongwa zvinova zvakapararira zvikuru, mano okufunga nenzira yokungwarira pamusoro pemashoko achava humwe hwounyanzvi hunokosha zvikurusa hwezana ramakore rechi 21.

mhedziso

Kushandisa manyuko enhau anhasi kunoda maune, kunyatsoziva. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa uye nzira dzinotaurwa munyaya ino((nzi ne"), mawebsite okuongorora, manyuko emifananidzo, kuongorora, kushandura, kurava kwapashure, uye nzira dzokudzidzisa dzakarongeka) zvinobatsira munhu wose anotsvaka kuongorora mashoko zvinobudirira. Nokuita kuti vanhu vakudziridza kuverenga zvinobudisa nhau, havangozvidziviriri pamashoko ane muromo wavose asi vanobatsirawowo pahurukuro yavose ine utano hwakanaka. Sezvo mashoko anoramba achichinja, kuzvipira kuongorora zvinhu zvakanaka kucharamba kuri rutivi runokosha rwevagari vemunyika uye kudzidza kwoupenyu hwose.