Kutanga: Nei mashoko Akaipa Achikosha Iye Zvino Kupfuura Kare

Nhevedzano dzakabva muitiro hanya yapanzvimbo yakava tyisidziro hurusa kumasangano edemokrasi munyika yose. Munhambo yemifungo, nhema dzinopararira nokukurumidza, dzinosvika kuvateereri vakawanda, uye dzine simba rokunyengetedza kupfuura nakare kose. Nhau imwe yakaitwa inogona kuva nevhairasi mukati memaawa, inoumba murangariro wavanhu, kuchinja miuyo yesarudzo, uye kunyange kuisa mungozi upenyu. Kubva kurangano yePizzagate" yakatungamirira kumurume akashongedzwa kupinda muWashington, D.C., resitorendi kungano dzinorwisana nezvinoparira makwikwi, miuyo chaiyoiyo inopesana.

Democracy inotsamira paruzivo rwevagari vemo. Apo vavhoti vasingagoni kubvumirana pamaidi makuru, kurangarira, uye kuderera kunokura. Chivimbo muzvinobudisa nhau, hurumende, uye sayenzi chinoputsa. Sezvo mutori wenhau nomunzveri Tom Nichols[ yataura, kufa kwounyanzvi hachisi chinetso chedzidzo chete chedzidzo yedzidzo. .

Tapuro Yemashoko Asina Kunaka Pahurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Mashoko okushatisa haangovhiringidzi vanhu; anochinja zvikuru mashandire anoita nzanga. Pasi apa ndidzo nzira huru umo mashoko enhema anokuvadza miitiro yedemocracy namasangano.

Kuvimba Nemasangano

Kuvimbana ndicho chinhu chinoparira democracy. Apo vagari vemo vanorasikirwa nokutenda mumuitiro wevhoti, dare redare revhu, kana kuti mapepanhau, gadziriro yose inoderera. Nhimbe dzeMisformation dzinowanzonanga idzi mbiru namaune. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekusarudza kwapresidente 2020 yeU.S., kudirana kwezvirevo zvenhema pamusoro pevhoti yakapararira inovhota. Maererano nemugumisiro [[FLT: 0] Pew Research Center [, 42% bedzi yavaAmerica vakaratidzira basa guru kana kuti chitsamanyuko chokuvimba mugadziriro yesarudzo kunyange pamberi pevhoti. Base inoramba yakakuvadza chivimbo ichocho, nemigumisiro inogarisa nokuda kwokuva nomutemo wehurumende yehurumende.

Kupfuura sarudzo, masangano ezvoutano anopomerwa nhema akaderedza uwandu hwenhomba, zvichitungamirira kukuvamba kunodzivisika. World Health Organization yakadana kupararira kwamashoko outano hwenhema kuti "infodemic" inoomesa chiverengero chakapararira. Apo vanhu vanosavimba zviremera zvoutano, vanofuratira matanho anoponesa upenyu uye vanotendeukira kumishonga isingabvumirwi, pane dzimwe nguva nemigumisiro inouraya.

Kujekesera Nzanga Ndokusimbisa Kupesana

Misiano inopfuudzira pazvinonyandura mirangariro. Izvozvi zvinonyandura hasha, rutyo, kana kuti hasha zvingava zvikuru. Uku kusunda vanhu kupinda mumativi okudzokorora uko vasingawanzosangani noufakazi hunopokanidza. Maarobhurobhuro anoshandiswa pakubatanidza zvinhu zvinopesana. Mazamu enhau dzenzanga anokwanisa kusvitsa kuvimbisana, kwete kururama, mamwezve anokamura. [[FLT:] maganhu anokurumidza kubudiswa mu Spencessss FYM akawana kuti mashoko enhema akapararira nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura zvokwadi pa Twi, zvikurukuru mumisoro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kukurumidza kunyorwa, kuita muchinjikano yechanza.

Chimurenga chechiCapitol chemwedzi yechi6 muUnited States chakatanga nekutaura kwenhema pamusoro pesarudzo yakabiwa.

Kushatisa Mafungiro Evanhu uye Kusarudza

Vatambi vokunze nevomumba vanoshandisa mashoko asina kururama sechishandiso chokuchinja matongerwe enyika. Mukati mazvikokororo apurezidhendi weU.S. 2016, zvirongwa zvokupindira zveRussia zvakashandisa maakaundi enzanga enzanga okunyepera uye kushambadza kuti vakudziridze nhau dzinoparadzanisa. Sateate Intelligence Komiti yeIntence [[[FLT: 1]] yakasimbisa kuti Internet yakabatanidza sei kuva nechinhu chaicho chiri mukati. Nepo pesvedzero chaiyo patsika dzevhota inopesana, nhamburiko yakaparira vhiringidzo nokusavimba.

Mistinformation inokanganisawo nharo dzemitemo. MuUnited Kingdom, kutaura kwenhema pamusoro pebetsero dzeBrexit − zvakadai sema £350 mamirioni eUNICEF pavhiki nokuda kweNational Health Service(asina kuvhota. Pashure pokunge dare rabvuma kuti mari yakadaro haina kuvimbiswa. Kunyange zvakadaro nzvero yacho yakapfuurira. Kunzvera kwa2019 kwakawana kuti inodokuva hafu yaVavhoti vachidavira kuti NHS yaizogamuchira kutsigira mari iyoyo, ichiratidza kuti mashoko okushambadza anogona kupfuurira sei kupesvedzera murangariro wavose nguva refu pashure pokunge wabviswa.

Kutyisidzira Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose Munguva Yokunetseka

Mukati memigariro yekurumidziro, mashoko akarurama inhau chaiyoiyo youpenyu norufu. MUVENGI weCHOVAD wakaona kuwanda kwemashoko ane ngozi: kurapa kwenhema kwakadai sebrocale, kutaura kuti kunovhara mhepo inovhara utachiona, uye rondedzero dzegadziriro dzokuti utachiona hwakanga huri hwenhema. Idzi nhema dzakaparira kuvadziko chaiyoiyo. Nzvero kubva ku Annual Review of Public Health[[ yakawana kuti mashoko asina kururama pamusoro pemajekiseni anoderedza zvakananga mwero yemajekiseni. Zvipatarati munzanga dzinorwisana neantivaccine zvakakurirwa, uye vashandi voutano vakatarisana nedenho kuvarwere vaidavira kuti vakanga vari "vaimhanya" utachiona.

Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzinoita kuti vanhu vanzwe mashoko asina kururama. Panguva yePhurricane Harvey and Hurrine Florence, zvigaro zvenhema pamusoro pokubiwa kwezvinhu uye migwagwa zvinovharwa zvisina kufanira. Mumoto wekuCalifornia wa2018, runyerekupe rwaiti simba rinoparirwa nenyanzvi dzemagetsi dzine masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika dzakaita kuti pave netyisidziro dzakati. Masangano okudzivirira ruzhinji anogaroongorora zvino zvino paruzhinji nokuda kwegumo dzinokuvadza uye kururamisa nokukurumidza, asi kukuvadza kwacho kunowanzoitwa chokwadi chisati chatanga.

Chinoita Kuti Tiwane Mashoko Asina Kunaka

Kunzwisisa kuti nei vanhu vachidavira uye vachigoverana mashoko enhema kunokosha pakuedza kuderedza zvinobudirira.

Kusimbisa Bias uye Kurangarira Kunosunda

Vanhu vane kombamiro yakasimba yokutsvaka mashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zvavo zviripo uye kurasa ufakazi hunopesana nazvo. Uku kusimbisa kunova nesimba zvikuru apo musoro unowirirana nokuzivikanwa kana kuti mitezo yeboka. Kurangarira kunosunda. Kuparira mashoko munzira inoshanda vavariro isati yavapo yemirangariro inovapo, kunobvumira vanhu kugamuchira kutaura kunowirirana nezvinowirirana nenyika kunyange apo ufakazi hunova huduku. Somuenzaniso, munhu asingatendi hurumende achadavira nyore nyore nhau pamusoro pouori hwehurumende, pasinei zvapo namanyuko ayo. Ikoku kunoparira kubviswa kwakaoma: zviitiko zveidi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinorambwa sedenho dzechinjo dzechinjo dzechinjo.

Kutsetseka uye kurovedzana

Kuratidzirwazve kukutaura kunowedzera zvokwadi yako inozivikanwa. inoreva kuti kunyange kutaura kwaizivikanwa pakutanga senhema kunogona kunzwa kuri kwechokwadi pashure pokukunzwa kanoverengeka. Ndosaka nhimbe dzenhema kazhinji kazhinji dzichishandisa kudzokorora kwenhema kumwe cheteko panzvimbo dzakasiyana- siyana, mumafomu akasiyana, kusvikira kwazova "zivo yavose" maarudistiki enzanga exérbate kupfurikidza nokuratidza vashandisi vamavhairasi mabhii mamwe chetewo enhau dzinobva munhoroondo dzakawanda. Nokufamba kwenguva, muganhu pakati pezvinzwiwa uye zvinonzi ndezvechokwadi.

Kufadza Mupfungwa Nesimba Rinopfuudzira

Nhau dzinomutsa mirangariro yakasimba — zvikurukuru hasha, kana kuti rutyo — dzinoyeukwa zvikuru uye dzine bviro huru zvikuru dzokugoverana. Mishformation inowanzoitika munhoroondo dzinogombedzera: mupfuri wenhetembo, mushori wemhete, tsananguro yakapfava yechinetso chakaoma. Idzi nhau dzinogutsa chinodikanwa chendangariro chekuremekedzana nokudzora. Dzinopa mhondi namagamba, mhinduro dzakajeka kumibvunzo isinganzwisisiki. Zvisarudzo zvimene zvinoita kuti nhau dzive (ma, rwisano, mhedziso) ndizvo zvinoshandiswa naVapurvey venhema.

Uchapupu Hwokugarisana Kwavanhu Nokushandira Pamwe Kweboka

Vanhu vanotarira kune vamwe kuti vaone kuti ndezvipi zvokutenda, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu asina chokwadi. Kana kutaura kwenhema kukawana mukana wokuva nesocial network, nhamba yakawanda yezvipo nezvinoda inogona kushanda sechibvumikiso chenzanga. Vanhu vangadzvinyirira kusava nechokwadi kwavo kuti vawirirane neboka racho. Izvi zvine simba zvikuru mumashoko akavharwa akadai seAchsapp neTelegram, apo kukurukurirana kwemapoka epachivande kunogona kuita kuti nyika ive nemaonero emunhu mumwe chete. Kushayikwa kwepfungwa dzakasiyana - siyana dziri munzvimbo idzi kunoita kuti nhengo dzisave nokutsiurwa kwenze.

Basa Rezvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga Mumashoko Asiri Omuzvarirwo

Kunyange zvazvo mashoko asiri echokwadi agara aripo, zvinobudisa nhau zvakawedzera zvikuru kusvika kwawo nokutapura.

Kushandiswa Kwemitemo Nokubatanidzwa

Zvikamu zvemasangano enzanga zvakarongedzerwa kusimbisa kuvimbisana kwepanzvimbo, nguva inogoverwa, tsinhiro, uye kuita. Kubatanidzwa kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidza nokusimba kwemirangariro, uye zvirimo zvenhema kazhinji kazhinji zvinoparira hasha huru kupfuura nhau dzakasimbiswa. [Harvard Data Science Review[ inonyora kuti maarusalgo anowedzera mashoko asina kururama akavanzika. Chikuva chakafanana naFacebook chingaratidza mushandisi nhau yenhema nemhaka yokuti inovachengeta vachipeta, kunyange kana nhau yacho yakanatswa senhema inobvira netsororo dzeidi. Mibayiro yebhizimisi, kwete ruramisiro.

Kupfuurirazve, zvikuva zvave zvichinonoka munhau kuita mukurwisana namanyuko enhema anozivikanwa nemhaka yefunganyo dzamabudire nengozi yavashandisi vokumwe. Nhano dzinorangarira sedzinoiswa zita serinenge riri mukati menyu(zvine purofiti yakavhengana). Nhamba] Tsvakai mu [[FLT][[FLT] [FLT] [2] [FLT] yakawana kuti mapepa anonyevera anogona kuderedza chitendero mumisoro yenhau yenhema asi ane muuyo wakaganhurirwa pavavariro dzokugovana. Deplatforming inodzokorodza kazhinji kazhinji kacho inoderedza kusvika kunzvimbo dzine mwero apo pesvedzero yavo inogona kutonyanya kuoneka.

Makireji Nematombo Emasefa

Vanoshandisa vesocial network vanowanzotevera senhau dzakafanana uye kushanda pamwe chete mumibatanidzwa yepfungwa. MaSalgoriti anosimbisa izvi kupfurikidza nokurumbidza zviri mukati zvakafanana neizvo vanoshandisa vakatoita. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu vanobatwa muzvinhu zvinosefa umo vanongowana mashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zvavo zviripo. Vapanhau dzepew Research Center vakawana kuti vashandisi vechiTwi vanoramba vachingoshandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana, vachingova noushamwari hushoma. Kushayika kwokufumurwa kwemashoko kunoita kuti vanhu vade kubatwa zvisina kufanira nemhaka yokuti havawanzoona vanoshandisa manyuko anodzorwa kunze kwemabharuku.

Kupindura Kwechirongwa Chenguva Yapfuura

Mukupindura tyisidziro dzavose nedzokudzorwa, zvikuva zvikuru zvakatanga chinjo dzakasiana-shandukira. Twitter (zvino X) inosuma ziviso dzinorevewa neidi renzanga kupfurikidza ne Community Noti Nhedziso dzechiNgezi[, Facebook yakawedzera purogiramu yayo yechitatu yeidi neyakabatanidzwa yemashoko akapoteredza, uye iwe Tube yakaderedza rumbidzo dzemiganhu yemiganhu. Zvisinei, kutevedzerwa kwave kunopesana. Mupasi poumbidzani, X akadzorera nhau dzakawanda dzekareverejisi dzetsika dzakaregwa nedziridzwa nedziridzidzo. Kurwisa pakati pomutoro wedare nerusununguko rwesangano renyika dzenyika dzeEurope dzinoramba mabasa echidhikiai, uye maMalay'aaak anodzika mitevero yemitemo inotevedza mitevero yakaoma.

Unyanzvi Hunokosha Hwokurwisa Kuzivikanwa Zvisina Kunaka

Kunyange zvazvo kuchinja kwemararamiro anenge aita zvinhu kuri madikanwa, vanhu vanogonawo kuva nounyanzvi hwokuzvidzivirira uye hwokuzvidzivirira pamwe chete nenzanga dzavo.

Kufunga Kunonetsa

Kufunga kwokutsoropodza kunopfuura kupanikira. Kunobatanidza kudisa kubvunza fungidziro dzako umene pamwe chete nezvinotaurwa navamwe. Vazivi vanobvunza: Ufakazii hunotsigira ihwohwu? Chii chingahuramba? Ndiani angandibetsera kudavira ikoku? Mufungi anotsoropodza haarambi mashoko ose asi anoayera nomutoo wakarongwa. Somuenzaniso, apo anosvika musoro wenhau unokatyamadza, mira pamberi pokugoverana. Bvunza kana kutaura kwacho kunooneka pamanyuko mazhinjisa. Tarira manyuko makuru. Nzvera musi wenhau dzinonyorwa setsva.

Kuongorora Kwakabva

Manyuko ose haasati ari akaenzana. Dzidza kuwana kuvimbika: Ndiani akabudisa mashoko? Ndeapi ari mavambo avo? Ane sundo yezvemari kana kuti yezvamatongerwe enyika yokushatisa here? Ari kududza ufakazi here? Newss Literacy Project [ inorumbidza "Preally Reading" mutoo wokunzvera nawo, panzvimbo pokugara papeji yapakuvamba kuti uiongorore, kuzarura mazati matsva kuti uone kuti mamwe manyuko anoshumwa zvakanaka anotii. Sayemura sangano riri seri kweri mukati. Nzvimbo ine zvikamu .org ingava inongova inova yakashata zvikuru. Nzve nokuda kwokunzvera nokunzvera apo kunobvira.

Kurova Kwazvakaita

Idi kunzvera unyanzvi hunogona kushandiswa zuva nezuva. Pamberi pokugoverana nhau inonyandura, shanyira website inonzvera chokwadi. Snopets inofukidza ruwara rwakafara rwemareveti paInternet. Fact.[[FLT:] Fact.[FLT] Arect.[FLT] .[FLT]][FLT]]P]FOct[ inopa mari inopa mari paC [Chokwadi - O-Meter. Masangano amarudzi akawanda akafanana .] Chekedza Africa [FLD:] uye [FLT] [F:] .[FFLT][9]

Kuverenga Nokunyora Zvinobudisa Mashoko

Kunyora kunoreva kunzwisisa kuti zvinobudisa nhau zvinoshanda sei: kuti mashoko anobudiswa sei, anoparadzirwa, uye anotapudzwa. Ziva kuti hazvisi zviteshi zvose zvenhau zvine mipimo yakafanana. Kubudisa nhau kunoda mari inotengwa, naizvozvo kumwe kubudisa zvinoda kutemesa zvinhu zvinowedzera mari. Kunzwisisa kusiyana pakati penhau, pfungwa, kushambadzira, uye kusanzwisisa. Munhu wezvinobudisa nhau anoziva kuti nhau ine mifananidzo inoshamisa uye mutauro unonakidza ingagadzirirwa kudzora pfungwa, kwete kuzivisa. Kudzidzisa muzvikoro ndeimwe yemiitiro inobudirira zvikurusa yokuvandudza kupesana nenhema.

Kuverenga Nekunyora

Kunyora nokunyora kunobatanidza unyanzvi hwokuvhura nzvimbo dzeIndaneti zvakakotsekana. Ikoku kunobatanidza kunzwisisa kuti maarufabheti earustration anopa miuyo yetsika, kuti zvinobudisa nhau zvinodyira sei, uye kuti kungazivikanwa sei mufambiro webit kana kuti unosainwa. Somuenzaniso, munhu anodzidza madhigineti anogona kuona mabhati kupfurikidza nokunzvera kuzara kwenhau, zera, kuisa nguva, uye mitoo yokuvimbisana. Vanoziva kushandisa kunzvera kwakasiyana nokunzvera mufananidzo kuti vaone kana mufananidzo usati watorwa mumashoko akapoteredza. Vanonzwisisawo mativi emunhu oga okugovera mashoko angagona kushandiswa muuinjiniya kana kuti mativi maduku.

Zvirongwa Zvevadzidzisi, Vabereki, uye Vanhu Vamwe Nevamwe

Kurwisa mashoko asiri iwo kunoda kushanda nesimba: dzidzo yechikoro, kuva mubereki, kudzidza zvinhu zvakanyatsonanga, uye kuvimbisana munzanga.

Nokuda Kwavadzidzisi

Kudzidza zvinobudisa nhau uye kunyora nhau kupinda munhau dziripo panguva dzinotevedzerwa, kwete bedzi mufundo dzenzanga. Shandisa mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika. Sanobvisa runyerekupe rwoutano hwevhairasi mukirasi yesayenzi kana kuti kunzvera mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika muhurumende. Kurudzira vadzidzi kutanga maitiro avo vamene eidi. Vagoverei kutevera kupararira kweguhwa rakananga uye chinyorwa kuti rinochinja sei sezvarinofamba. Kukumbira vatori venhau vomunzvimbomo kutaura pamusoro pemiitiro yechokwadi. Vavariro ndeyokuita kushandiswa kwokutsoropodza kwamashoko maererano, kwete kutevera kupararira kwenhau dzakati kuti ipo.

Zvikoro zvinofanirawo kudzidzisa pfungwa dzisiri idzo dzinodzidziswa.Dzidzira pfungwa nemienzaniso yadzo.

Nokuda Kwavabereki Navatarisiri

Vana vanoona mashoko asina kururama pakuvamba pakuvamba chikoro chepuraimari. Vabereki vanofanira kuva nekurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pezvavanoona paIndaneti. Garai pamwe chete ndokukurukura kutendeseka kwamanyuko. Mifambiro yakanaka: ongorora maidi usati wagoverana, uye bvumai apo munenge magoverana chimwe chinhu chakava chenhema. Isa miganhu panguva yescreen nezvinobudisa nhau munzanga, uye shandisai kudzora kwavabereki kwete senzira yokutungamirira nayo vana kuzera rakakodzera, manyuko akavimbika. Kukurudzira pasina kutsoropodza vana kuvimba namasangano enhau anotsigira zvinyorwa zvenhau nerevokuzvidavirira.

Nokuda Kwavanhu Mubasa Nemunzanga

Mistinfory haimiri pasuo rehofisi. Makambani anogona kurovedza pamusoro pemashoko akachena, zvikurukuru mumaindasitiri umo vashandi vanobata mashoko anotapukira kana kuti anokurukura navanhu. Kurudzira tsika umo vashandi vanonzwa vapiwa simba rokubvunza mashoko omukati anopanikirika. Mumasangano enzanga, makambani anogadzira zvinhu zvinodavirwa panhau dzinobudiswa nejeefakes, uye mifananidzo inogadzirwa nachiremba. Maraibhurari anowanzogovera pfuma yapachena nekirasi pakudzidza. Vatungamiriri venzanga, kubatanidza rudzidziso nevanoumba vehurumende, vanogona kubatira senhume dzinovimbwa nokuda kwemashoko akarurama, zvikurukuru munzanga dzinogara dzichidzorwa nenhinhinhiko dzinobviswa.

Kusvika Kwemitemo Nemitemo: Basa Rehurumende

Mano mumwe nomumwe nokuzvidzora kwomuchikuva hazvina kukwana. kuita kwegadziriro yakatsinhirana kunodikanwa kuita kuti vatambi vane simba vazvidavirire ndokuita mhoteredzo umo zvokwadi inogona kukwikwidzana.

Zvinodikanwa Zvakajeka uye Zvokuzvidavirira

The European Union’s Digital Services Act (DSA) inoda kuti zvikuva zvikuru zvive zvinojeka pamusoro pemarobhoti avo neshambadziro. Inoraira kunzvera kwengozi nokuda kwokupararira kwezvisimwa zvisiri pamutemo uye mashoko asina kururama. Platforms dzinofanira kugovera mashoko kuvanzveri vanofunda miuyo yezvirongwa zvechinopameso. Mutemo wakafanana uri kurangarirwa muCanada, Brazil, neAustralia. MuUnited States, chikarakadzo chakarongwa [[FLT: 0] Ads Act

Kugutsikana Nenyaya Yokutaura Nenharo

Hurumende dzakatarisana nedzikamo yakakomba: dzinodzivirira kutaura kwapachena padzinodzivisa nhema dzinokuvadza. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita mitemo inodzorwa nemashoko anokuvadza, yakadai sedziviriro yeSingapore kubva paOnline Fissicosses neManippect Act, iyo inopa simba zviremera kuti zvipedze kururamisa nokugutswa. Vatsoropodzi vanoramba kuti mitemo iyi inogona kushandiswa zvisina kufanira nehurumende kunyaradza. Muhurumende dzinotonga, mutemo upi noupi unofanira kubatanidza miitiro yakasimba inodzivirira, kuzviisa pachako, uye musiyano yakajeka pakati penhema dzezvakaipa nemurangariro unodzivirirwa. Zvigadzikiso zvakanakisisa zvinobatanidza kuisa mipimo yehurumende: mipimo, uye zvikuva zvinoidzo inoibatanidza kujeka, nhau yokuhwirudzura.

Kushandisa Mari Yokuverenga Nokutsvakurudza

Hurumende dzinogona kuisa mumabasa edzidzo yavose ayo anoshongedzera vagari vemo unyanzvi hwokuziva nokudzivisa mashoko asina kururama. Somuenzaniso, Finland yakabatanidza kurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau nedzidzo yenyika yayo kubvira muna 2014 uye zvino inoita kuti Europe ikwanise kugadzirisa mashoko enhema eIndaneti. Zviziviso zvebasa ravose, kuyanana neraibhurari, uye kupa mvumo yokutsvakurudza mashandiro okushandisa mashoko asina kururama zvose zvishandiso zvinobatsira. Nzanga inotodza ruzivo rwokuwana kuti irambe ichiwana mari kuti ive midziyo yokuwana zvinhu, nzira dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora, uye kuyera kushanda kwemashandiro.

Mazano Okumwe Kudzidza

Zvishandiso zvinotevera zvinogovera kunyura kwakadzama mumashoko asina kururama, kunzvera maidi, uye kurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau.

  • FactCkeck.org [U.S.] – Anoona ururami hweidi hwezvirevo zvavakuru vakuru vehurumende. Gara uchifutunura "Misform Watch" chisakiso.
  • Snopes + Nhetevedzano yekaresa neyakawanda zvikurusa inonzvera kombiyuta. Inofukidza nhau, ngano dzomumaguta, uye mavhairasi ane mashoko akajeka.
  • [[NHAU: 0] Chirongwa cheMashoko cheMitemo yokunyora nokunyora - Chinopa nzvimbo yapachena ye "Checkology" nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, inofukidza misoro yakadai serusaruro, ufakazi, uye maatommatom.
  • Mitambo yokunyora nokunyora zvino[ - Mutsigiri wemitemo yehurumende yezvokunyora nokunyora uye anogovera nzvero nenhungamiro dzezvidzidzo.
  • [[FOM:0]Common Sense Media – Expresss apps, mitambo, uye mawebsite zvinosimbiswa nezviri mukati zvedzidzo nezvinokodzera zera.
  • [[Nto:0] Poynter Institute’s Media Piew - inoisa ngwariro pakudzidzisa vechiduku navakuru nzira yokusarudza nayo zvokwadi nengano paIndaneti.
  • [[NHAU: 0] Nhau dzeForaft – (yakasarira asi inokosha) inopa varapi mirayiridzo pakubvumikisa zviri mukati zvakaiswa mushandisi uye kurwisa mashoko enhema eCOVID-19.
  • EVSDisinfo – A chirongwa chakaitwa neEuropean External Action Service icho chinofumura nhimbe dzekuparadzira mashoko.

Mugumisiro: Kuedza Kunoramba Kuripo

Mistinfory hachisi chinetso chinogona kupedzwa nechinhu chimwe kana kuti mutemo. Chivako chemhoteredzo yemashoko yazvino uno, chakaumbwa noruzivo rwemichina, psychology, shoory, mari, uye zvamatongerwe enyika. Unyanzvi hunokosha hwakarongwa pano(hwunoronga, kunzvera, idi rediso, rediation nesctable .

Kuvaka mhoteredzo yemashoko ane utano kunoda chiito pamwero uri wose: vanhu vanofanira kushandisa unyanzvi hwokupanikira, vadzidzisi vanofanira kupinza uhu unyanzvi mumadzidzisire avo, zvikuva zvinofanira kugadziridza zvikarakadzo zvavo, uye vagadziri vemiitiro vanofanira kugadzira majekiseni anodzivirira kutaura kwapachena apo vanoderedza kuvadziko. Basa racho rinopfuurira uye rinokurumidzira. Nguva iri yose munhu anoramba achimira pamberi pokugoverana, nguva iri yose mudzidzi anodzidza kubvumikisa kutaura kwake, nguva iri yose chikuva chinobvisa nhimbe yemashoko akavhengana, demondiro inova nesimba duku. Kurwisana namashoko asina kururama hakusi pamusoro pokukunda hondo yehondo.[1]Iri pamusoro pokusakurirazve kugadziriswa kwokuchengeta hurukuro yedeokrase, kuzaruka, uye kujeka.