Kudikanwa Kukuru Kwokunzvera Mashoko Muzera Raanonyorwa Namanani

Munguva umo mashoko anofamba nokukurumidza zvikuru, mano okuyera zviri mukati azova unyanzvi hunokosha hwevagari vemo. Vagari vanotutirwa nenhau, zvinoratidzwa nesocial networks, zviziviso, uye zvidimbu zvepfungwa (zvinoda kuonekwa nokuvimbwa nazvo). Pasina zvishandiso zvakasimba zvokuongorora, vanhu vari pangozi yokuita zvisarudzo zvichitsamira panhema, kunyengera, kana kuti ufakazi husina kukwana. Nyaya ino inogovera kuongororwa kune udzame kwezvirongwa zvinoshanda, zvinhu, uye unyanzvi hwokupa varavi kuti vaone mashoko nenzira yokungwarira uye kuita zvisarudzo zvekuziva muupenyu hwavo uye mumazvikokota.

Migumisiro yenzvero isina kunaka yapanzvimbo pechikanganiso. Mishformation yakabatanidzwa nokuzengurira, kupindira kwevhoti, kubiridzira mune zvemari, uye kunyange chisimba. Nokuziva unyanzvi hwokuongorora, vagari vemo havagoni kuzvidzivirira bedzi asiwo kutsigira hurukuro yavose ine utano. Maturusi anokurukurwa pano akagadzirirwa kuti awanike kumunhu upi noupi, pasinei zvapo nemamiriro ezvinhu ekare, uye anogona kushandiswa kurudzi rupi norupi rwezviripo zvesayenzi kuvhairasi.

Manyuko Efaramende Anotanga Kunyungudutswa

Zvirongwa zvakasiyana - siyana zvinopa nzira dzakarongeka dzokuongorora kuti mashoko akavimbika uye akavimbika zvakadini.

Muedzo weCRAAP: Chishandiso Chinopesvedzera

Yakakudziridzwa navatarisiri veraibhurari paCalifornia State University, Chico, nzvero yeCRAAP ndeimwe yegadziriro dzinoshandiswa zvikurusa.

  • Mashoko acho akabudiswa kana kuti akaiswa pafoni kana kuti pafoni patsva here kana kuti patsva?
  • Revisence: Mashoko acho anopindura zvakananga mubvunzo wako wokunzvera kana kuti kuda? Rangarira vateereri vakadikanirwa: anonangidzirwa kunyanzvi, varaviwo zvavo, kana kuti kuwanikwa kwakati here?
  • Ukuru: Munyori ndiani, muparidzi, kana kuti mutsigiri wemari here? Zvii zviri zvikwaniriso zvavo kana kuti masonganirani? Tsvaka mashoko ehekicha, ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, uye tsigiro yesangano. Nzwisisa vanyori vasingazivikanwi kana kuti manyuko ane rwisano dzakajeka dzefariro.
  • Mashoko acho anotsigirwa noufakazi here? Anogona kubvumwa kumamwe manyuko akavimbika? Cherechedza mashoko, manyuko emashoko, uye kana zvirimo zvakaonekwazve nevezera rako kana kuti idi. Nyatso ngwariro kukuperetera, girama, uye kusawirirana kwepfungwa kungaratidzira nzvero yemaspiriti.
  • [[NHAU:0] Purpose: Nei mashoko aripo? Kuzivisa, kudzidzisa, kutengesa, kuvaraidza, kana kuti kunyengetedza? Ziva mirangariro, kana kuti vavariro here? Kunzwisisa donzo kunokubetsera kuyera mamiriro ezvinhu anobvira kana kuti mashoko anoparadzirwa.

Nzvero yeCRAAP inobetsera zvikurukuru nokuda kwavadzidzi, vatori venhau, uye munhu upi noupi anonzvera mudzidzo kana kuti nyanzvi. Ibhuku rakapfava rinogona kushandiswa kumabhuku, nyaya, mawebsite, uye kunyange nzvimbo dzinobudisa nhau dzinogarwa navanhu. Kukudza muitiro wako, rangarira kushandisa purojekiti rebvunzo kubva kuCSU Chico kuyera nenzira ikarongwa manyuko.

Nzira Yokushandisa IDZO: Nzira Yazvino Yemashoko Ari PaIndaneti

Yakatangwa naMike Caulfield paWashington State University, nzira yeSIFT yakagadzirirwa zvikurukuru mhoteredzo inokurumidza kugadzirwa paIndaneti.

  • Mira: Usati wagoverana kana kuti kutsamira pamashoko, mirai ndokurangarira. Unoziva manyuko here? Mhinduro yako yemirangariro yakakwirira here? Kushatirwa kwemirangariro kunogona kupfuudza kufunga kwokutsoropodza.
  • Sarudza manyuko: Ndiani akasika zviri mukati? Mukurumbira wavo ndoupi? Tarira munyori, sangano, kana kuti chinyorwa. Kunyange kunzvera kwokukurumidza kunogona kuzivisa mireza mitsvuku kana kuti kusimbisa kuvimbika.
  • Wana kubhadharwa kuri nani: Panzvimbo pokunzvera chikamu chimwe chezviri mukati, tsvaka kushuma kana kuti kunzvera kubva kumanyuko akawanda akazvimirira. Zvitendiso zvenhau zvinovimbwa, macheki eidi, uye mapepa edzidzo kazhinji kazhinji zvinogovera mifungo yakadzikama zvikuru.
  • zvinotaura, kunokora mashoko, uye zvinobudisa nhau kumashoko apakuvamba: Mapaipi anowanzobvisa mashoko kubva mumanyuko awo apakuvamba, achishatisa revo. Trace idzokera kufundo yapakuvamba, kutaura, kana kuti chinyorwa kubvumikisa ururami.

SANT inoshanda zvikurukuru nokuda kwokuyera kuputsa nhau, nzvimbo dzemavhairasi ezvinobudisa nhau, uye mavhairasi akarongwa navashandi. Inosimbisa kushanda zvakanaka: panzvimbo pokupedza maawa uchinzvera udzame huri hwose, vashandisi vanodzidza kukurumidza mashoko. Nhungamiro ine udzame inowanika pa . org.

Mamwe Maforamesters: RADAR Nema5W

Dzimwe mienzaniso inoyera inogovera mifungo inowirirana:

Maturusi Anoshanda Nezviwanikwa Zvokusimbisa

Kupfuura zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakombiyuta, zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira kuongorora mashoko asiri iwo.

Makomoni Nemasangano Zvinoongorora Chokwadi

Nyanzvi dzinoongorora chokwadi dzakatanga nzira dzakaoma dzokusimbisa kutaura kwevezvematongerwe enyika, utano, sayenzi, uye magariro evanhu.

Pakusangana nokutaura kwokunyumwira, kunzvera kwokukurumidza paidzi nzvimbo kazhinji kazhinji kunogona kuzivisa kana yakabviswa kana kuti yakasimbiswa. Nokuda kwemashoko asina kururama ane chokuita noutano, World Health Organization mipiro yezvoruzivo rwemari yezvoutano [[[FLT: 1] inogovera nhungamiro ine chiremera.

Kuongorora mifananidzo nokuzivisa kwezvinobudisa mashoko zvakachinja

Mifananidzo namavhidhiyo zvinowanzoshandiswa kana kuti kubviswa mumapoteredza. Mbesa dzakadai se Google Removersion Search yepicture, TIN [, uye [[FLT]] YAMEX SEAFT PONT kubvumira kuisa mufananidzo kana kuti kugovera URL pawaoneka paIndaneti. Izvi zvinogona kuzivisa kana mufananidzo wakaremararadhi, kana kuti wakachinjwa nemabhii. Nokuda kwematopu, se [FLT] [FLT:] [FLT]] [5]

Aya maturusi anokosha zvikurukuru mukati mokuputsa zviitiko zvenhau, apo mifananidzo yekare inowanzoshandiswazve kugadzira nhau dzenhema. Rovedza kushandisa TINE] kunzvera kwechinjo kwechifananidzo [ kuyera zviri mukati mukuona usati wagoverana.

Nzvimbo yakavakwa uye Kuongororwa

Mawebsite ose haaumbiwi akaenzana.

  • WHOIS Apply:[ Chekedza apo nzvimbo yakanyoreswa uye kuti ndiani arimo. Nzvimbo dzinonyorwa dzichangobva kunyorwa dzinotevedzera mabudiro enhau epamutemo dzinowanzoshandiswa nokuda kwokubudisa mashoko.
  • Media Bia Chati: Zviwanikwa zvakafanana Fontes Media’s Media Bias Chart kana Allides[
  • Cheka `=At" Peji: Manyuko anotanhamara zvakajeka basa ravo, muridzi, mipimo yenhau dzenhau, uye mashoko eheki yenhau. Vague kana kuti kushaikwa kwamashoko mureza mutsvuku.

Kushandisa Unyanzvi Hwokuongorora Mumativi Akakwirira

Kuedza kuziva mashoko kunoshanda kumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwoiwo enyika. Pasi apa pane zviitiko zvine udzame umo kuyera maturusi kunoita musiyano mukuru mukuita zvisarudzo.

Mashoko Outano: Kushandisa Mazano Okurapa PaIndaneti

Paunenge uchitsvakurudza mamiriro ezvinhu, kurapwa, kana kuti kurapwa, tevera matanho aya:

  • Cherechedza manyuko: Kugamuchira mashoko kubva kumasangano ezvoutano ehurumende (mutoo, CDC, FDA, WHO), masangano makuru ezvokurapa (musa, Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins), uye magazini evezera rako. Iva anopanikira mavhu, manyuko enzanga, kana kuti nzvimbo dzezvokutengeserana dzinotengesa zvinhu.
  • Tsvaka mamiriro esayenzi: Shandisa nzvimbo dzakadai sePubMud kana kuti Google Students kuti awane fundo dzapakuvamba. Nyatso ngwariro kuukuru hwemienzaniso, hwirudzuro yezera, uye kana zviwanwa zvakatorwa. Chenjerera mashoko anotorwa kana kuti ufakazi hweacheki.
  • Nyanzvi dzemarapirwo: Nzvero yapaUniversi yeOnline inofanira kuwirirana, kwete kutsiva, zano rinobva kumutarisiri wezvoutano akakwaniriswa. Nguva dzose kurukurai nachiremba zvisarudzo zvokurapa.
  • Dzivisa "kurapa kwezvishamiso" kutaura kunoratidzika kuva kwakanyanyonaka kusava kwechokwadi, kwakadai sewedzero imwe inorapa hosha dzakawanda(nzikadokuva nhema nguva dzose. Shandisa nzvero yeCRAP ye"PURPOSE" mupimo: nzvimbo idzodzi dzinowanzovapo kutengesa zvinhu.

Somuenzaniso, mukati medenda reCOVID-19, mashoko asina kururama pamusoro pokurapa sehydroxychloroquine akapararira nokukurumidza. Masangano echokwadi anonzvera akakurumidza kubvumikisa kuti kuongorora kwekiriniki hakuna betsero. Kushandisa maturusi akaita seSnopes kana Reuter Fact Sex

Nhau Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika Namashoko Anosarudza

Nguva dzokusarudza zvikurukuru dzinotapurwa nenhimbe dzokuparadzira mashoko. Vagari vanofanira:

  • Kuzivisa manyuko enhau: Kunzvera muchinjikwa wenhau nezvinenge zvikamu zviviri zvakagara zvazivikanwa (muchib., Reuters, BBC, mapepanhau omunzvimbomo). Kana nhau inooneka bedzi panzvimbo dzinovanza miganhu, ibatai nokupanikira kukuru.
  • Reno recuree reschess: Kutsvaka mutauro wemirangariro, manyuko asina kutaurwa, kuenzana kwenhema, uye zvishongo zvinorerutsa nhau dzakaoma. Mutoo weSIFT's "Misa" unokosha pano.
  • Cherechedza mashoko okuvhota: Miitiro yapamutemo yesarudzo yapamutemo yenzvimbo(*] inoshatisa nzvimbo, misiano yokunyoresa, mitemo yetsamba yetsamba netsamba) inofanira kubviswa kubva kumawebsite ehurumende kana kuti omunzvimbomo, isingatumirwa mashoko.
  • Shandisa mirayiridzo isina mativi:[[FT:1] Sangano se Vote411 (neChinzwano chavakadzi) chinogovera mashoko akavimbika esarudzo.

Nzvero yenhau: Muchisarudzo cheU.S. 2020, mapepa outachiona akataura kuti mabhora akanga achiraswa kana kuti michina yokuvhota yakachinja vhoti. Vacheki venhau vakabva kuPolitiFact neCentCheck.org vakanzvera izvi kutaura, kazhinji kazhinji vachikuwana kwakavakirwa pakutaura kusina kururama kana kuti utsotsi chaihwoihwo. Vagari vemo vaivimba naaya manyuko akabvumikiswa vaishongedzerwa zviri nani kuti varambe kubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Nheyo Dzezvinobudisa Nhau Nezvinotaurwa Netsika Dzakanaka

Marobhoti ezvinobudisa nhau anoisa kuvimbisana pakururama. Paunowana chiteshi chinoshamisa kana kuti chinomutsa hasha:

  • Shandisa mutoo weSIFT:[[FT: 1] Kumira, kunzvera manyuko, kuwana wirirano iri nani, uye kuronda mashoko apakuvamba. Meme ingave yakatapurwa kana kuti kunokorwa mashoko kwakatorwa mumashoko akapoteredza.
  • Chengeta musi: nhau dzekare kazhinji kazhinji dzinodzoka se “kupunzika.” Somuenzaniso, nhau pamusoro pengwavaira yomusikirwo yakabva makore akapfuura ingagoveranwa sokunge kuti ichangobva kuitika.
  • Zivai maakaundi ebhuti: Maakaundi eMapanishi anowanzoparadzira mashoko akabatanidzwa. Masuo akaita se Botometer [kuna Indiana University]) anogona kunzvera maakatanwa echiTiwater nokuda kwetsika dzakafanana nebot.
  • Usakudza pasina kuva nechokwadi: Kunyange kugoverana kwokupanikira (mutoo, “Ichi chinogona kuva chechokwadi here?” kunogona kuparadzira mashoko asina kururama. Panzvimbo pezvo, tsvaka shoko racho uri woga usati wapinda.

Funga nezvechimwe chikwata chinonzi mumwe wezvematongerwe enyika anozivikanwa zvikuru akataura chimwe chinhu chakashata.Usati waita chimwe chinhu, tanga washandisa nzvimbo inoongorora chokwadi kana kuti kutsvakurudza kwokukurumidza kuti uone kana mashoko acho akasimbiswa.

Kunzwisisa Mazano Okuona Zvisingashandiswi Nenyanzvi

Kungoziva zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana kunoita kuti tifunge kuti tinoongorora sei mashoko:

  • Tsika dzinosimbisa: Chimiro chendangariro chokugamuchira mashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zvakafanotaurwa ndokufuratira ufakazi hunopokanidza. Kudzivisa ikoku, tsvaka nokushingaira mirangariro inopesana ndokushandisa ray "Rateral" mupimo.
  • Kudavirika: Kurangarira bviro yechinoitika chakavakirwa pamasvikire ari nyore kundangariro. Manyuko anowanzofukidza mashoko etsananguro. Somuenzaniso, nhau imwe pamusoro petapuro yechepfu yetsotsi isingawanzowaniki inganzwa ichityisidzira zvikuru kupfuura nhamba chaidzo dzengozi.
  • Muuyo wekuzvitutumadza: kunyanyorangarira mano ako umene okuyera mashoko. Ikoku kwakapararira zvikuru nenhau dzakaoma sesayenzi kana kuti dzemari. Iva nouchenjeri uye vimba nebvumirano yenyanzvi.
  • [[FT:0] Kushanda kwomoto: Pakusangana namashoko okururamisa, vamwe vanhu vanopeta kaviri pachitendero chavo chenhema chapakuvamba. Ikoku hakuwanzoitiki kupfuura zvaichimbova mufungo, asi kunosimbisa kudikanwa kwekurukurirano yokungwarira, isiri yapamberi pakururamisa mashoko asina kururama.

Kuziva nezveiyi mirangariro ndiko nhano yokutanga. Kurangarira kwokusangwarira mumuitiro wako wokunzvera: zvibvunze umene, kuti: “Ndingatonga mashoko aya nenzira imwe cheteyo here kana akatsigira mhedziso yakasiana? Kushandisa gadziriro dzakarongwa dzakadai seCRAAP neSIFT kunogovera kunzvera mukurwisana neiyi miitiro yokufunga inovapo yoga.

Kuvaka Kudzidza Mashoko Nedzidzo

Zvikoro, maraibhurari, uye masangano enzanga anoita basa rinokosha mukudzidzisa unyanzvi hwokuongorora.

Kuparadzira Kudzidza Kuverenga Zvinobudisa Mashoko Muchikamu Chomupumburu

Masangano akawanda ari muUnited States nenyika munyika yose zvino zvinoraira dzidzo yokurava nokunyora.Nzvero inoratidza kuti vadzidzi vanogamuchira muraidzo wakajeka mukuyera manyuko vanoita zviri nani mukusiyanisa mashoko akavimbika neenhema.

  • .Association-on seshopu: Vadzidzi vanoshandisa kuyera nyaya chaidzoidzo, mapagicha esociation, uye mavhidhiyo anoshandisa kuedza CRAAP kana kuti mutoo weSTIFT. Stanford History Education Group’s [[FL:2]] CCOPF Appnation Reasoning inogovera zvirongwa zvefundo zvapachena.
  • [[[FLT: 0] Tsamba nekurukurirano:[ vadzidzi vanokurudzira kudzivirira kurangarira kwavo kwapanobva kunoparira kufunga kwokutsoropodza uye kunovaratidzira kumifungo yakasiana.
  • Mutoo wokuranga nawo: Kurava nokunyora mashoko kunofanira kudzidziswa kwete bedzi muraibhurari kana kuti mumakirasi ezvinobudisa nhau, asi munhau, sayenzi, uye maNgezi. Somuenzaniso, vadzidzisi vesayenzi vanogona kutungamirira vadzidzi mukuyera kuvimbika kwezvinotaurwa zvoutano paIndaneti.

Kudzidza Pakombiyuta uye Kufambira Mberi

Vanhu vakuru vanogonawo kubetserwa nokudzidza kwakarongeka. Mapepa akadai seKora, edX, uye Fung Regeew Read Resource anopa makosi okufunga kwokutsoropodza, kurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau, uye kuongorora maidi. Mienzaniso inocherechedzwa:

Vatanga Vakavakirwa Munzanga

Maraibhurari avose nenzvimbo dzedzidzo dzavakuru zvinogona kugovera zvirongwa zvokunzvera mashoko, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavagari vemo vakura vangave vanyajambwa vezvitsotsi zvepaIndaneti. Programu dzakadai se American Library Association yezviwanikwa zvenhema zveAmerican Library [[[FLT: 1]] inobetsera kugadzira mapurogiramu ane chokuita.

Basa Remazano, Rokunyora Mashoko, uye Rokutonga

Kugadzira zvinhu zvemakombiyuta kunowanzoderedza kuongorora kwazvinoita nokutanga kuvimbisana kuti zvakarurama. Kunzwisisa nzvimbo iyi kunoratidza kuti munhu ane ruzivo.

Maarufabheti esocial network anowedzera kunyandura, kuparadzanisa, uye zvinhu zvenhema zvirimo nemhaka yokuti zvinobudisa kuvhura nokugoverana. Vashandisi vanogona kuderedza ikoku kupfurikidza:

  • Kupa zvokudya zvavo: Tevera nhau dzinobva kuvatori venhau vakabvumikiswa, masayendisiti, uye vacherekedzi veidi. Kusatevera kana kuti kusataura zvinogoverana wadzama.
  • Kushandisa maturusi echikuva: Mamwe mapuraneti anopa mapepa akapoteredza kana kuti mireza inoongorora mashoko. Nepo isina kukwana, aya mativi anogovera kukurumidza kunzverazve.
  • Kuratidzira kujeka: Mutsigiri nokuda kwezvikuva kuzivisa kuti maarugoriti avo anoshanda sei uye kugovera vashandisi kudzorwa kwakawanda pamusoro penzvimbo yavo.

Mutemo unoita seWebhurari reEuropean Union’s Digital Services Act unoda kuti pave nenzvimbo dzepamusoro dzinoongorora ngozi dzokusabudisa mashoko uye kugovera matura okushambadzira ane mativi akawanda.

Mugumisiro: Kubva pakusava nechokwadi Kuenda Kusimba

Nzvero yamashoko haisati iri pamusoro pokusavimba kana kuti kusavimba chinhu chiri chose. Panzvimbo pezvo, chimiro chokusimbisa icho chinogonesa vanhu kufamba nenzira yakaoma. Kupfurikidza nokuziva gadziriro seCRAAP uye mutoo weSIFT, vachishandisa zvishandiso zvokusimbisa zvakadai sokunzvera mifananidzo uye mawebsite okunzvera, kuramba vachingwarira tsveteko dzendangariro, uye kutsigira chinjo dzegadziriro, vagari vemo vanogona kuzvidzivirira vamene pakushandisa nokubetsera nzanga ine ruzivo rukuru.

Mutengo wokukundikana kuyera mashoko wakakwirira, kwete bedzi nokuda kwavanhu asi nokuda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu imene. Mishprogist inobvisa chivimbo mumasangano, inoparadza nzanga, uye inotungamirira kuzvisarudzo zvomunhu oga zvinokuvadza. Mukupesana, chiverengero chavagari vemo chine unyanzvi hwokunzvera hwakasimba chinosimudzira tsimba dzokudzivisa mashoko anoparadzirwa uye chinoita zvisarudzo zvinovandudza kuvandudzika pamwe chete zvakanaka.

Tanga zvishoma: Kana ukaona kuti pane chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa, mira woshandisa chimwe chezvinhu zvarondedzerwa pano.