Dambudziko Riri Kukura Rokuva Nemhepo Yakanaka Mumataundi

Kushatiswa kwemhepo mumaguta kwazova chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru zveutano hwemhoteredzo zvakatarisana neUnited Kingdom. Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi huru chifo cheNhembe yeMudziyo Mabasa epakati pezana ramakore rechi20, manyuko azvino uno okushatisa — kushambadzira kwemigwagwa, kudziyisa, uye kushatisa kwemaindasitiri — kunopfuurira kuratidzira mamiriyoni evagari vemo kumwero unokuvadza wenitrogen dioxide inokuvadza yenitrogen (NO2) uye rutivi rwakaisvonaka kubva kunzvimbo dzapamwero kubva pa(PM2). UK UK UC US U Agencyal Agency yezvoutano yezvokudzivisi yezvoutano [ inofungidzira kuti kushatiswa kwemhepo kunoshatiswa kunoparira pakati pe28 000 000 000 ne3 000 000 000 yenzufu gore rimwe nerimwe. Mumhinduro yapanyuko yezvo yapapo yezvo.

Basa romunameya mukunangidzira kushatiswa kwemhepo yomuguta rinotambanudzwa kupfuura zvikuru mabasa etsika. Sezvo mutungamiriri akasarudzwa nedemocracy wechiremera chakabatanidzwa kana kuti nzvimbo yeguta, meya ane nzvimbo yakasiana yokuronga gadziriro yezvokufambisa, kuronga nzvimbo, nhamburiko dzoutano dzavose, uye kukura kwezvemari. Nyaya ino inonzvera zvirongwa zvakashandiswa nameya veUK, miuyo inovandika, uye zvinetso zvinopfuurira izvo zvinosara.

Basa Rakakodzera Revadzori Vendege

Mayar muUK inoshanda mugadziriro yamasimba anosiana nenharaunda, asi nguva dzose vanoshanda savane masimba vomunzvimbomo, vachiunganidza masangano okufambisa, mabhizimisi, uye mapoka enzanga. Mayor weLondon, somuenzaniso, ane udzori hwakananga paNhume dzeLondon (TfL) uye anogona kugadza mipimo yemotokari yokubudisa mumativi ose edzimbahwe. MuManchester, meya anoshanda pedyo namadare gumi eguta kupfurikidza nechiremera chakabatanidzwa. Ichi chivako chinobvumira vanameya kuti vaparidzire zvitedzo zveguta rose izvo zvingava zvakaoma nokuda kwematura mamwe namamwe kana kuti maruwa kuti zviwirirane mamiriro ezvinhu oga.

Meya ’ ane chiremera chokuzivisa njodzi yekurumidziro yematuro emhepo yomunzvimbomo kana kuti kuisa nzvimbo dzinodiwa dzomunzvimbomo dzinopa chiremera chine simba rezvamatongerwe enyika. Mameya akawanda akashandisa murairo uyu kuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo kuva gadziriro huru dzokukura dzinotsigira, utano hwavanhu vose, uye kusasarura. Nokufema mhepo yakachena sezvose zviri zviviri nhau yemhoteredzo neruramisiro youtano, vanameya vanogona kuvaka tsigiro yavose nokuda kwokupindira kungadaidzwa zvikuru.

Simba Nezvatisingakwanisi Kuita

Nepo vanameya vanogona kupesvedzera kutakura nokuronga, havadzori mitero yemotokari, mipimo yemafuta, kana kuti miraudzo yenyika yeUS, — iyi inoramba iri paWestminster. Iyi boka remitoro inoreva kuti vanameya vanofanira kutaurirana kazhinji kazhinji nehurumende yapakati nokuda kwokushandisa mari nemitemo. Mayor yeLondon &ctsquo; hofisi ye yakakumbirazve nokuda kwechiito chakasimba chorudzi padhiziri pateshishi yemotokari uye miganhuro yakakura zvikuru yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Pasinei zvapo neiyi ganhuriro, kushandiswa kwemasimba omunzvimbomo kwakabudisa budiriro ine revorevo mumaguta anoverengeka.

Makori Anogadzirwa Nemacoror

Vavengi vari muUK vakashandisa nzira yakasiyana - siyana yokuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo mumaguta. Kunyange zvazvo matanho akananga achisiyana neguta, nzira dzinotevera dzinomiririra kupindira kwakakurumbira uye kunokanganisa.

Nzvimbo Dziri Kufamba Pasi uye Dzakachena

Chishandiso chinooneka zvikurusa mundouy ’ matura acho kuumbwa kwe Low Money Money (LEZ) kana kuti [[FLT]] Crowver Moyer Monera (CALZ]). Matunhu aya anoganhurira kana kuti anodzosa motokari dzinoshatisa kubva panzvimbo yakatarwa, kukwidziridza motokari dzokuchenesa kana kuti kudzosa zvimwe zvinhu. London &squo; Ultra Low Mougra (ULEZ), yakanatsiridza 2023 kufukidza mabharoko, hove, hove dzinosarira kupfumbira motokari dzapamberi dzechipa, (Euro-E'igururo-pire-michero). Kubva pakuna kwemabhaisirwa kwemichina yemari, mabhaziro, mabhaziro, mabhaziro, mabhaziro anoshandiswa mumabhaziro, mabhaziro, mabhaziro anenge okushanda kudzo, mabhiziro, maAkanyo

Kubudirira Kweganhuriro Dzenyama

Mhedziso inobva Maytor yeLondon ’ hofisi ye inoratidza kuti kuiswa kwenitrogen dioxide pakati kwakawa ne50% mugore rokutanga rokushanda kweULEZ. MuBirmingham, kuongorora kwokutanga kunoratidzira kuderera mumwero wemugwagwa we 13–20% kutsamira panzvimbo. Iyi nharaunda yakawedzerawo kudzokororwa kwengarava dzemotokari, nezviuru zvakura, mavhani namatekisi akawanda anoshatisa anotsiviwa gore rimwe nerimwe.

Kuchinja Zvifambiso Zvevanhu Vose uye Kufamba Nebasa

Kuderedza chiverengero chenzendo dzemotokari dzavanhu vamwe vanhu kuri pakati penzira ipi neipi yomugariro wemhepo. Majenya akashandisa zvikuru mukusimudzirwa kwamabhazi, kufutunurwa kwetram, uye zvivako zvemabhazi. London ’ vaHopper mari yebhazi risina kuganhurirwa muawa imwe nokuda kwemutengo wemari imwe, kukurudzira translate. Bee Network [FLT] [FLD] muGreater Manchester, yakatangwa naMay Bursham, inovavarira kuita gadziriro yakazara yezvifambiso zvavose nebhazinesi, mitsetse mitsva, mitsetse mitsva inofambirwa mitsva. Mumitengo yeMidlands, Mayor Richard Parker yakakudzidzira kukudza Metrol neault.

Kuchovha Nokufamba

Vatyairi vakakuchidzirawo kufamba vachipfuvura nenzira dzedenderedzwa, zvirongwa zvebhasikoro zvinofambiswa, uye maruwa akapfachuka. London ’ s Cloram Superhway neFunterays vakaona nzendo dzokuchovha bhasikoro dzichiwedzera na80% chifo cha2016. Manchester ’s £ 1.5 bhiriyoni uye rongedzero yokufamba zvinobatanidza mamaira 180 000 000.

Zvivako Zvegirini Nemasango omumaguta

Kunaya kunogona kutora zvinosvibisa, kugovera mumvuri, uye kunatsiridza kufamba kwemhepo. Vacheri vabatanidza mafashoni egirini mugadziriro dzavo dzomugariro wemhepo kupfurikidza nokuita mapaka matsva, kusima miti mukoridho, uye kuisa masvingo matema pazvivako. Grey kuGreen[ muSheffield, inotungamirirwa nedare reguta mukushandirananisa nameyamhini yeruwa, kushandura tambo ine mikoto mizhinji inopinda mupaka ine mapinduro nezvinomera. London &ctsquo; Stock <:2] Forgmentation [[FFLD:3]]

Mari Netsigiro Yezvipfeko Zvinochenesa

Kukurumidzisa kuchinja kumotokari dzinofamba, meya akatanga zvipo zvematekisi emagetsi, tsigiro yemasangano, uye zvirongwa zvepabhuroka nokuda kwemotokari dzekare, dzinobvisa zvinhu zvakakwirira. Mayor ’ ma Scrappage Scheme inopa mari yemitero yematekisi emagetsi, 2 000 nokuda kwedzimba dzinosvika pasi uye mabhizimisi maduku okubvisa motokari dzisina kubatana. Mukuru weManchester ’ Clean Moyer Move Shonea inobatanidza purojeti yekubetsera varidzi veHGV, mabhazi, mabhazi, uye matekisi kukwidzwa kwemichina yemaWest West West West West Proces.

Kuongorora uye Kushandisa Mitemo

Nzira inoshanda inoda kuongorora zvakarurama. Vacheri vakawedzera michina yemichina yemichina yemhepo kuti igovere mashoko chaiwoiwo kuruzhinji uye kuyera kushanda kwemiitiro. London ’s Air Senet (Breathe London) ine chokuita negadziriro dzinopfuura 100 dzematanho ehesi nemazana emanzwireta edzishoma. Iyi idata inowanika pachena kupfurikidza neIndaneti yemaburobhodhi, ichiita kuti vagari vemo vagone kuita zvisarudzo zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pezviito nemabasa enze. Manchester anoshandisa chiso chemichina chinofambisa machubhurokurokurosai zvinoiswa munyika U-AIRFFFF]

Zvinoitika: Zvakabudirira Mhiri KweUK

Kunyange zvazvo paine matambudziko, nzira dzinoshandiswa nameya dzinowedzera dzinooneka pakuvandudza nhamba dzendege munyika yose.

London: Mugumisiro weULEZ

London ’s ULEZ dzinorangarirwa zvikuru sekupindira kwemhepo kune shungu uye kunobudirira zvikurusa muUK. Pakati pa2017 na 2023, NO2 muLondon pakati yakaderera ne 46%, uye FM2. Mwero yemotokari dzinosangana ULEZ yakawedzera kubva pa 39% kusvikira ku 95% muruwa. Kupfuura mashoko, chirongwa chacho chakabatanidza nhambo yetsika: kunyoresa kwemotokari dzemagetsi muLondon kwakawedzera, uye takisi nengarava dzinobhadharwa zvino zvinodzorwa nezvigadzirwa zvemichina zvemagetsi zvakavhenganiswa newindi kana kuti zvinoshairwa zvikuru.

Birmingham: Kukurumidza Kubatsirwa NekaCZ

Birmingham ’ Sceose Air Zone, rakatangwa muna June 2021, rakapa kuderera kwe20% muNo2 munhamba dzemikoto mumugwagwa mukati menyika. Guta rakashumawo kuderera kwe 27% kwemotokari dzisiri dzesangano dzinopinda munzvimbo mugore rokutanga. Chirongwa chacho chinokarirwa kusvitsa Birmingham mukuwirirana neganhuriro dzapamutemo pa2025, makore gumi pamberi pezvirongwa pasina kupindira.

Manchester: Kusvika Kwakananga

Manchester ’s Clean Air Zone, yatangwa muna May 2022 nokuda kwemotokari dzinorema, yakatungamirira kumwero wokuteerera we37% pakati peHGVs navarayiridzi, kubva pa 20% nzvimbo isati yatanga. Bee Network [ yakatowedzera kutengwa kwebhazi pa 11% mugore rayo rokutanga, kuderedza nzendo dzemotokari nokubudisa zvinowirirana. Zvisinei, chisarudzo chokunonotsa kudzorwa kwemotokari dzechikwata chapamhene yakaganhurira muganhu wenyika ’ss dzose pamwero yezvikamu zveNocro2 zvichienzaniswa neLondon neBirming.

Zvinetso Zvinopfuurira Nokutsoropodza

Pasinei nokufambira mberi kwakajeka, meya vanotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvikuru munhamburiko dzavo dzokuchenesa mhepo yomumaguta.

Mari uye Kuchengetedza

Nzvimbo zhinji dzakachena dzemhepo dzinobhadharwa kupfurikidza nezvipo zvinobva kuhurumende yapakati, asi idzodzi dzinowanzova dzenguva yakaganhurirwa. Manchester CAZ, somuenzaniso, inotsamira papasuru yetsigiro inobva kuBato reMbango, Food nerorkal Affairs. Imwe mari inopera, mutengo wekuchengetwa, tarisiro, uye kurukurirano dzavose dzinoderera kuzviremera zvomunzvimbomo. Maya makuru akadana nokuda kwenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mari dzenguva refu namasimba anopinza mari yakawanda, zvakadai semano okuchengeta mari kubva pakudzoresa kana kuti kumira kuti idzose kudzoserazve kudzoserwe kwezvifambiso zvakachena.

Kuramba Kworuzhinji Neitiro Hanya Dzokururamisira

Mabudi ezviwitsi zvinogona kutapura zvikuru vatyairi vakaderera vanotambira vakwegura, vasingawirirani uye vasingagoni kuderedza. Kukura kweULEZ kuenda kunze kweLondon muna 2023 kunotarisana nechishoro chinotyisa kubva kuna vamwe vagari vemo namadare omunzvimbomo, nokutaura kuti yakanga iri danda pavarombo. “ Maysters aita chimwe chinhu nezvirongwa zvokuparadzisa uye kusunungura vanhu vakaremara navashandi vanokosha, asi kuramba kuri njodzi yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuwirirana kwemhoteredzo nenzvimbo yapasi nenzvimbo inogarwa.

Kurambidzwa Kwemitemo Nemitemo

Vane simba havagoni kuisa mitero mitsva pamwe chete kana kuti kupinza shamhu isina mvumo inobva kuMunyori weHurumende yeZvokufambisa. Kunonoka kwokutanga kweManchester ’ motokari yapachivande inopomera muCAZ yakanga iri nemhaka yokuomerera kwehurumende huru paufakazi. Mitengo inobudiswa yenyika nepeturesa zvinofanira kuiswa muLondon, kureva kuti vanameya vanofanira kushanda mukati meganhuriro dzinoganhurira mwero nechinjo.

Mhepo Yakanaka Mumba uye Manyuko Asiri Engarava

Urongwa hwakawanda hwemeya hunonyanya kuisa pfungwa pakutakura zvinhu, asi kupisa huni dzomumba (zvikurukuru kupisa huni) uye kubudiswa kwemaindasitiri kunokonzerawo zvikuru PMS 2,5. Vane simba rakaganhurirwa pamitemo yokuvaka uye mipimo yepeturu yokudziyisa misha. Mamwe maguta, kusanganisira London neEdinburgh, akatanga kurambidza zvitofu zvinopisa huni muzviitwa zvitsva, asi kudzika mutemo hakuchashandi.

Fundo Dzenhau Dzakaenzana: Kusiyana Kunoyambuka Maguta

Kuongorora guta rimwe nerimwe kunoratidza kuti pane nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokugadzira meya uye kuti zvinokosha here kuti pave nenzvimbo yacho.

London: Makore Gumi Okushanda Muchiuto

Pasi paMayors Boris Johnson, Sadiq Khan, uye rinopfuurira mupasi pameya yazvino, London rakaita mutoo wakachinjika: LEZ (2008), ULEZ (209, yakawedzera 2021 na 2023), Congestion Place (2003, ine kusimudzwa), uye T-Charge (207),. Mapango ose anovaka payaichimbova. Mugumisiro wacho igadziriro yakasimba yakadzika nokukurumidza kupfuura rimwe guta reUK. Zvisinei, mutengo wewewewewedzero yeULZ wave unoitira nharo, namabhurokusha okunzesa London anoona [[FLD]] [FLP] 17% mukuwarira motokari itsva [FFFFON]: 1]

Manchester Mukuru: Mubiyake Noukama Husina Kutsarukana

Anderham ’ mhedziso dzakasimbisa kubatana kwenzanga nokuitwa kwezvikamu. Deseat Moyer Zone yemotokari dzinorema yakatangwa pashure pokunzvera kukuru, nengwariro yokugovera tsigiro yemari kudzivirira mabasa namabhizimisi maduku. Chisarudzo chokunonotsa kubhadharisa motokari yomunhu oga chakaiswa sekuzivikanwa kwendyiko yenjodzi inoraramisa. Iyi nzira yakachengeta tsigiro yavose yakafara asi yakaderedza mwero wevandudzi yemhepo. Mamwe mapoka emhoteredzo anotaura kuti Manchester ’ kungwarira kwakaisiya ichidzokera shure kweLondon neBirmingham.

Birmingham: Kukurumidza Kuparadzwa Nekurwisa Kworuwa

Birmingham ’ CaZ yakasumwa nokukurumidza zvikuru pashure pedenho yapamutemo kubva muchiito chePriment Worldwide Andyo Street yakashanda pedyo nedare reguta kugadzira nzvimbo yaifukidza pakati peguta nenzira huru dzemichina. CAZ yave ichishanda, asi guta &ctsquo; geography — nevagari vazhinji vanogara pedyo neA38 neA4540 — kureva kuti nhamba huru yavafambi vezuva nezuva inotapurwa. Chiremera chakabatanidzwa chakapa tsigiro yemari, asi gadziriro dzepabhuroko dzakaderera kupfuura zvaikarirwa.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Nezvibvumirano Zvinobatanidzwa

Vachitarira mberi, vanameya vari kuongorora michina mitsva yokushandisa kuti vawedzere simba remitemo yavo yesimba remhepo.

Kubasa Parking Levies

Vamwe vanameya, kusanganisira veLeeds neLiverpool, vari kuongorora zvirongwa zvakafanana. Munhu ari kushandira panzvimbo dzinoiswa motokari dzinogara vashandi anogona kuderedza nzendo dzemotokari dzinofamba uye kubudisa mari yokufambisa inochengetedza.

Kupindira Kwezvikoro Nezvipatara

Meya vazhinji vari kutungamirira migwagwa yeSchool Street inoganhurira zvikoro zviri kunze mukati mokudonha nokusarudza nguva. London ine zvirongwa zvinopfuura 400 zvakadaro, uye Manchester akazvipira kutanga 100 panosvika 2025. Nzvimbo dzemhepo dzakachena dzechipatara ndiimwe pfungwa iri kumuka, nechinangwa chokudzivirira varwere navashandi vasina dziviriro.

Kuwirirana Nezvirongwa Zvomugariro Wokunze

Majeta ari kugadzira zviri mumhepo zvinoda kugadziridzwa nevavariro dzekabhoni. Majekiseni eLondon ’ ma Net-Zero 2030 [ nzira inoda kuderedzwa kwe70% muzvinobudiswa mumigwagwa, izvo zvichavandudza pamwe chete kunaka kwemhepo. Nokubatanidza mavhaisi maviri, vanameya vanogona kuvhura mari kubva mubhajeti rekuvandudza mamiriro okunze uye kukwezva kutengeserana kwechakavanzika muruzivo rwemichina yezvifambiso.

Mugumisiro: Vatungamiriri Vanoramba Vachitungamirira

Mameya eUK anogona kuvandudza zvinorehwa nemhepo yomumaguta, kunyange mukati memitemo yegadziriro yehurumende yepakati. Nokuderedza kubudisa zvinhu, kuisa zvinhu zvemota, mafashoni, mafashoni, uye zvido, maguta akadai seLondon, Birmingham, uye Manchester akawana kuderera kunooneka mukushatisa kunokuvadza. Asi kurwa kwacho kuri kure. Kutsigira nzvimbo dzakachena. Kudzivisa voruzhinji, kukunda, uye kuvakwa kwemasimba emoneral anoramba aripo. Maguta anobudirira zvikurusa achava avo vanogona kuchengeta chivimbo chapachena kupfurikidza nekurukurirano yakajeka, mitoo inodzorwa, uye chiono chenguva refu chinoisa mhepo yakachena mumwoyo yeutano, remangwana rakaisvonaka zvikuru. Sezvimo namamwe maguta munyika yose anotaridzika UK nokuda kwezviito zvawo zvomunzvimbomo, varavi vanokwanisa kugovera zvidzidzo zvinokosha pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvemomo yehondo.