Kufamba mumaguta ichinhu chikuru chokusimba kwezvemari, kuva nechokuita nenzanga, uye kuchengeteka kwemhoteredzo muUnited Kingdom. Ne 80% yavagari vemo vanogara munharaunda dzomumaguta, nzira iyo vanhu vanofamba nayo mukati napakati pamaguta inotapura zvakananga kugadzirwa kwezvibereko, kunaka kwoupenyu, uye mano enyika okugona kutarisana nezvipfuro zvenethiro. Pachinotangira ichi chinodenha chinomira zviremera zvenyika — vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa zvakananga muzviremera zvakafanana zvakadai seGreater Manchesterdander, Mindlands, uye London. Nhamba idzi dziri kuwedzera kusimba kuchengetedza pfuma inodikanwa kuvaka nokuchengeta gadziriro dzezvifambiso zvavose. Mano avo okufambisa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma okubetsera kutsigira nzvimbo, kuvandudza zvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuronga kutengesa mari kwenguva refu kuchaita kuti vagari vomumaguta vafare, vazvipo zvakaisvonaka uye kudzorwa, kunonoka kutakura zvinhu, uye kudzorwa kwebasa rinoderera.

Basa Rinochinja Rokufambisa Rokufambisa Vanhu MumaUK Mayars

Masimba nemitoro zvameya veBritain zvakakura zvikuru chifo chokutanga kwemeya dzemameya dzemongi pasi peDemocracy yeAbocal Democracy, Economic Development and Act 2009. Nepo Mayor weLondon agara ane chiremera chezvokufambisa chakakura kupfurikidza neFurgate yeLondon (TfL), dzimwe meya dzeguta dzakava nepesvedzero huru pamibatanidzwa yezvokufambisa yomunzvimbomo. Nhasi, meya haasi bedzi masangano ezvikamu zvemarikoshi asi vanoshingaira vanobatira hurumende yepakati, kuronga nzira dzezvifambisoko, uye vanotarisira gadziriro dzemariro dzezvirongwa zvemari yomuruwa.

Druevolution neMetropolitan Mayer

Gadziriro dzekubvisa shamhu dzakatapudza pakati peTende nezviremera zvakabatanidzwa dzakatsinhanisa masimba akati ezvokugadzira zvinhu kubva kuWhitehall kuenda kumirairi yeruwa. Somuenzaniso, Manchester Conedived Authority, inotungamirirwa naMayor weGreater Manchester, zvino inodzora bhazi reFranchisting, mabasa enzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, uye zvivako zvinoshanda. Manejaster anoshandisa mari yezvokuchengetedza kubva kuhurumende yepakati nokuda kwezvirongwa zvakadai seBee Network — gadziriro ine simba rokubatanidza bhazi, tamu, uye mikoto yokuchovha — inoratidza kuti devoresa meya dzemorini dzinogonesa sei kugadzira zvinhu kuzvinhu zvomunzvimbomo. Nenzira yakafanana, mamochareji yeWesterlands West Midlands neWestershireins anoshandisa masimba okuwedzera zvivako zvemabhaziro, bhasi, bhasiro, uye kusipidhirokubudirira.

Kuva Mutsvene uye Kupesvedzera Nyika

Mayaya anoshandawo sevatsigiri vezvokufambisa vakakwirira nokuda kwemari yeguta pamwero wenyika. Mitumbi inounganidzwa yakadai seUK Metro Metro Meyors neUrban Transport Group Group Inowedzera manzwi avo muWestminster, kumanikidza nokuda kwemiitiro yemari inotambirwa, nguva refu yokugarwa, uye kuchinjika kukuru mumashandisirwo anoitwa. Kurongwa kwemibato yemibato yemotokari yeFFL inodzorwa mari. Pasina kuremadzwa kwemari yavose yeLondon — inotsigirwa namajeri oupfumi hweLondon — mubatanidzwa wezvoupfumi hwemari — mubatanidzwa wezviteshiwasi. Uyu muenzaniso unoratidza kuti maMeya webhizimisi eLondon nokuda kwemari imari inoshamba inosharira zvikuru.

Kutsigira Kushandisa Mari Nemichina

Kunzwisisa kugadzirwa kwemari kunowanika kumeya kunokosha kuti tinzwisise mikana uye kumanikidzwa kwavanoitwa nemotokari dzomuguta reU.S. kunotsigirwa nemari nokusanganiswa kwezvipo zvehurumende, mitero yomunzvimbomo, mari inopiwa vanhu, uye mashandiro atsva akadai sokutorwa kwenzvimbo uye kubatana kwevanhu.

Vatengesi veHurumende yeCentral

Manyuko makurusa okushandisa mari yezvifambiso zveguta anoramba ari pakati pehurumende. Programme dzakadai seGumbi reSustametable TransportSettlements (CRSTS) dzinogovera mabhiriyoni emakore akawanda kuvakuru vakuru vakabatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, kutenderera kwechipiri kweCRSTS, kufukidza 2027-2032, yakarongedzerwa kupa meya chokwadi chikuru chokuronga zvinhu zvikuru. Kuwedzera, mabhodhirogirati akafanana neStening Upment Movementmentmentmentments (Phinda mari yeKuchinja Maguta) akatungamirira mabhiriyoni kufambiso, kuwedzero, kudzo, uye mibatanidzwa yemabhurongedzo yemasve. Zvisinei, vanameya kazhinji vanotsoropodza rudzi rupfupi rwezvipopo nedikaidzo mumitengo. Kuwedzera kwechiwin-manyunguruso.

Mari Yomunzvimbomo: Mitero yeDare Nemwero Yebhizimisi

Kuwedzera mari yehurumende yepakati, meya dzine masimba akaganhurirwa kusimudzira mari munharaunda. Greater London Authority inogona kuisa mutero wedare wemitero zvikurukuru nokuda kweTfL, nepo vanametro Metro Meyaral vanogona kushandisa mutsinga pamwero wemari yebhizimisi (kukwira kusvika 2 pesenti mukirogiramu) kutsigira zvirongwa zvezvokufambisa, zvichidzorwa nemubato wemongi. Kushandiswa kwemitengo yebhizimisi yokuwedzera kutsigira kutambanuro yeMed Metroch iri mhaka. Maya anofanira kusanodzikamisa kudikanwa kwemari inobhadharwa nemitero yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzine mari yakaderera. Vamwe vanamejaranzi vakadana nokuda kwemitengo yemari inoderedzwa zvikuru, kubatanidza mano okuchengeta purofiti yemitero yomunzvimbomo yomunzvimbomo kana kuti iziviseiswe mitero yomunzvimbomo yomunzvimbomo somubhadharo mukuru were werevo. Magurukota egwegwegwegwegwe zvikuru.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwavose Nemipiro Yokuvandudza

Musi uchangobva kupfuura iyi, vanameya vakashandisa Chikamu 106 cheMitemo neCommunity Infracrasy Revy kuti vabudise mari. Kubatana kwevoruzhinji (PP) kwakawanira mari mabasa makuru akadai seDLR kuWershier City uye Sheffield Superram. Vashandisi veChikamu 106 cheMitemo neCommunity Indracturactive Levy kubudisa mari yemipiro kubva kuvagadziri vezvifambi vakabatana nezvifambi zvitsva. Zvisinei, pfungwa ye "matunhuro enyika" — apo chikamu chekukwidziridza zvinhu chinogadzirwa nenzvimbo kana kuti layini chinoshandiswa kutsigira mari inopfuudzwa nePPP, zvakatongeriso dzinoshandiswa kutsigira bhizimisi. May Bhoro aZherham naS Ram vakadzivirira zvikuru kufambidzana navanhu vose. Zvisinei, mari inosara iri shomanene nokuda kwokushanda kwemari inodzosera zvakanaka

Matambudziko Anotarisana Nevaikwidza Mukuchengetedza Mari

Pasinei zvapo nesimba ravo rinokura, meya vanotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinotyisa pakuedza kuchengetedza mari yakakwana uye inotsigirwa nokuda kwezvifambiso zvavose.Idzi denho dzinobva muutera hweUK’s fiscal mugadziriro yezvivako, nhevedzano yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye chinetso chomuzvarirwo chokushandisa nhambo refu yemari pakati pedzvinyiriro dzenhambo pfupi.

Mari Inogadzirwa Nemari.

Musiyano wakakomba uripo pakati pezvipo zvedzimbahwe zvinoshandiswa kuvaka zvivako uye mari inodikanwa kuti ishandiswe. Vane simba kazhinji kazhinji vanokuwana zviri nyore kuchengetera mari inobviswa nokuda kwemitsetse mitsva kana kuti zvitima asi vachitamburira kuwana tsigiro inopfuurira inopfuurira inoita kuti masangano arambe achipfuurira, zvikurukuru mukuchinja kwemigumisiro yemabhazi. Mameya akawanda anotaura kuti makwikwikwi eUK' okumhanya nehurumende pamusoro pemari yaanoita anosimbisa uku kuoma kwemari: chitima chezvifambiso chezvitima aida mari yakawanda kuti achengetedze mwero yebasa kunyange pashure pokuwana mabhiriyoni ezvokuvandudza. Mabhiriyo akatarisana nekuita kwakashata pamabhazinesi uye kukura kwezvitima zvinofambirwa nebhirivha muEurope kana zvichienzaniswa nokuwedzera kwemari mumitengo.

Kutenderera Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokuronga Kwenguva Refu

Kuisa mari yezvokufambisa kukuru — zvakadai semikoto yezvitima, zviteshi zvitsva, kana kuti kugadziridzwa kwemagetsi — kunogona kutora makore gumi kana kuti kupfuura kubva pakufunga kusvika pakupera. Bva mashoko emeya anogara makore mana bedzi, uye kugovera mari kunoitwa nehurumende yepakati kazhinji kazhinji kuwiriranisa neparamende. Uku kubereka kusingawirirani kunoita "misi inotangira" bhizimisi, uko zvirongwa zvingabviswa kana kuti kudzorwa pashure pokuchinja kwegadziriro. Kubviswa kwegumbo rokumabvazuva reHS2 uye kusavimbwa kweNon Northern Power Rail kwaratidza kuti zvirongwa zvamatongerwe enyika zvakashata sei zvinogona kuva. Mayers anobhadharira bhishopu huru yezvamatongerwe enyika kuti achengeterwe mari, asi kana migariro mikuru yehurumende, nhamburiko dzavo huru dzinogona kugadziriswa. Vamwe vadzori vehurumende nokuda kwechirongwa cheNationalgradgradacrac com com coms commoractives kuti ishate kupfunya kupfupfupfupfupfupfuti yezvamatongerwa zvamatongerw enyika.

Kuunganidza Zvinhu Zvokutanga Nezvisingadzoreki

Vacheri vanofanira kudzikamisa mirau nemimwe mitoro inomanikidzira — dzimba, mapurisa, unyanzvi, uye upfumi. Munharaunda dzine chiverengero chavagari vemo chinokura nemari inodzorwa, kutsigira nzira itsva yebhazi kungareva kurega gadziriro yokuchinjazve imba. Kuganhurirwa kwedzimba kwakaiswa nehurumende yepakati, zvakadai sekepisi dzemitero nedzokukwereta, kumwe kuganhurira nzvimbo yemongi yemongi nokuda kwokukanganisa. Dambudziko rendyiko nendyiko yezvipenyu zvakaderedza uku kushairira kwemari yokuvaka uye mari inoderera pakuderera kwekutarisirwa. Meya zhinji dzakafanira kudzosa mari dzinodzorwa nemari yokushandisa kana kuti dzichengetedze mabasa. Iyi mitambo itsa mari inowanika nokuda kwokugadziriswa kwezvirongwa zvokugadzirwa.

Zvigadzikiso Zvitsva Nemiitiro Yakanakisisa

Kuti vakwanise kukunda matambudziko aya, meya vari muUK yose vari kutoita zvinhu zvitsva zvokushandisa mari uye nzira dzokushandisa dzingagona kushandisira vamwe semienzaniso.

Kuparadza uye Nzvimbo Dzakachena Dzemhepo

Kudzorwa kwemitemo inodzorwa nokucheneswa kwemhepo kunounza mari nepo kusingadzoreki zvikuru panguva imwe cheteyo ichishandiswa nokuvandudza mhepo. Kukwidza kwemotokari muLondon, kwakatangwa muna 2003, kwakakwidza mabhiriyoni nokuda kweTfL uye kwakaderedza kufamba kwemotokari pakati peguta. Kutevera kutungamirira kweLondon, mamwe maguta akadai seManchester neBirmingham akarangarira kana kuti akashandisa nharaunda dzakachena dzemhepo, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji kacho zvichiva zvine purofiti duku. Chinetso chemo chemo yemochameya ndechemari yemato yematongerwe enyika — zvikarakadzo zvemari inodzorwa muGreater Manchestercester ya2008. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanameya vari kuramba vachiisa mitero iyi semitengo inotsigirwa panzvimbo yemitero pane kuti ive. Mari, kana iri mari yezvibhadharo nokuda kwezvo, inogoverwa nokuda kwemitero yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Kukosha Kwokudzika Nyika

Ukoshi hwezvirongwa zvepasi zviri kugadziriswa kuti zvifambiswe. Mutsetse weElizabeth (Crossray) muLondon wakashandisa mutsigiri mukuru kubva kuMayoral Community Infrarusture Levy pazvinoitika. Nenzira yakafanana, programme yeWest Yorkshire yezvitima iri kurongwa necherekedzo yenyika yokutora zvinhu. Maya vari kuedza "Kuwedzera" mitero, apo chikamu chemitero yenzvimbo iri panzvimbo itsva inounganidzwa kubhadhara mari. Urban Land Institute yakafungidzira kuti kutakura kwasanoiswa kwapavhu kungagona kufukidza 20% yemari yemitengo yegadziriro mumaguta eUK. Zvisinei, kuronga kunoda kukoshesa nokuisa pamutemo, uye vanasabhara vanofanira kuvimbisa kuti mutoro wacho hauwikwikwidzirirwi pavagari vapo kana kuti vamabhizimisi mabhizimisi maduku.

Druevolution Decture and Trailblazer Development

"Troyblazer" shopu yezvokukwereta yakabvumirana muna 2023 pakati pehurumende yepakati neWest Midlands, Greater Manchester, uye dzimwe nharaunda dzakagovera mameya kuchinjika kukuru mune zvemari. Idzi hofisi dzakapa meya bhizimisi rimwe rakabatanidzwa remari yokufambisa, kubatanidza mari yemari yemari yakawandisa, uye mamwe masimba okukwereta. Mamignary'Grandsblazer anoka, somuenzaniso, akabatanidza kuzvipira kunzvera imba yemota yebhuranzi yebhuruva nehomwe inobvumira mhodziro yezvitoro zvikuru. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinomirira nhanho kurudzi rwemibatanidzwa, nzvimbo yakavakirwa panzvimbo yavakapoteredza yakadanwa kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, zvichiri, zvinongova zvakaganhurirwa munzvimbo, uye maduku zvikuru eguta rakabudiswa mumiendwa dzinodzo dzinodzorwa kumifanirwa kumifaniro yemifaniro yose yemifaniro kuti ive zviremera zvemidungwe.

Nguva Yemberi Yemhomho Yavanhu vomuUrgine — Vakwasvi Vanotungamirira Nzira

Kutarira mberi, basa rameya mukuchengeta zviwanikwa zvezvifambiso zvavose richangokura bedzi muukoshi. Maguta eUK anotarisana nedzvinyiriro mbiri dzokukura kwechiverengero chavagari vemo uye kuchinja kwenet, apo anenge achinayawo kubva mukudzongonyedzwa kwedenda kuti aende kumiitiro yokufamba. Vavengi vanogona kuronga hova dzemari dzakasiyana- siyana, kugadzira mibatanidzwa yemapoka, uye kukurukura chiono chinogombedzera nokuda kwenguva yemberi yeguta ravo vachapiwa zvakanakisisa kuendesa gadziriro dzezvifambiso zvinoda uye zvakafanira vagari vemo.

Zvirongwa Zvematanho uye Kufamba Kunochengetedza

Chibvumirano cheUK chapamutemo chokusvika paunotapudzwa wegasi rinodziya wehove inodzima na2050 — uye chipfuro chepakati chekuderedza 78% panosvika 2035 — nzvimbo dzinotakura pakati pemabhazi emagetsi nemigwagwa. Kufamba inzvimbo hurusa, inoshuva mari inokwana 27% yeUK. Majeri ane mutoro wezvirongwa zvokufambisa zvomunzvimbomo zvinochinja kufamba kubva kumotokari dzoga kuenda kuzvokufambisa, kufamba, uye kuchovha. Kutora izvi hakudi mari huru bedzi mumabhazi emagetsi netsotsinga asi mari inotambirwa kuti achengete mari inotengwa newere. Dzimwe memachaunzi dzinonzvera "Foregisters" kana kuti mabasa akashairwa zvikuru nokuda kwemabasa avanhu, savanhu vaduku kana kuti vawane vahove. Secka anoshandiswa nokuda kwemiitiro yemari inowanzo kushandiswa pakutakura mari: mari inodzorwa mari inopfumba kuti irambe youtano.

Mhomho Ikangwara

Nguva yemberi yokufamba kweguta inobatanidzwa uye inovhura. Maya vari kusimudzira zvikuva zvemomberi-as-Service (MaaS) zvinobvumira vafambi kuronga, mabhuku, uye mari yokufamba nenzendo dzakawanda muapp. Mitemo yakadaro inotsamira pakutengwa kwemadata uye kuda kwevashandi vezvifambi vakasiyana - siyana — mabhazi, zvitima, zvitima-zvipatara — kuti vabate. Mayters angashandisa simba ravo rokufambisa kukurudzira kubatana, asi mari inodiwa kuvaka magetsi okugadzira. Midlands" ramackings uye routation yeLondon ingabudirira. Munguva yemberi mifananidzo inogona kuisa simba rayo rakavakirwa pakudiwa kwecarbon netsoka dzecarbon print. Varwi vapfumi vezvokufambisa mari vanogona kuvandudza kugadzira zvinhu, uye kuvandudza kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemichina.

Kushamwaridzana Nenzanga uye Kuwanika

Pakupedzisira, vanameya vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvifambiso zvavose zvinobatira nzanga dzose, kwete bedzi vashandi vakapfuma vomuguta. Mari inofanira kuendeswa kunzira mumisha ine urombo nenzvimbo dzomumaruwa, umo kuva nemotokari kwakaderera asi mabasa ebhazi kazhinji kazhinji mapfupi. Dambudziko rinorovanya bhazi rinoramba riri mungozi yokutema. Mazaya akaita seAndy Burham akashandisa devod bhazi rakaderera kuisa mari yakatsaurwa nepombiso dzemari, kuisa mari shomanene zvikuru, kuchiita kuti mari ive inotengwa. Asi kutera kunoda mari yenhambo yemari inobva kuhurumende yepakati. Kuuya kwePunivato anoramba ari muedzo mukuru wezvipokanwa kuti achengetedze pfuma inodikanwa kudzivirira njodzi ye "rtransport", kuwedzera, kuchengetedza vanhu vakuru vadzokerwa nokuda kwokuva neyamutengwa nokuda kwemitevere.

Mameya eUK anowedzera kuzivikanwa kuti ndiwo anogona kuumba remangwana rekufamba mumaguta. Mano avo okuchengetedza mari yokufambisa — kupfurikidza nokushandisa mari yevokicha, kugadzirwa kwemari, uye kushandiswa kwakarongwa kwemasimba anobvisa utachiona — achasarudza kana maguta ava akabatana zvikuru, anochengeteka, uye asingachinjiki. Nepo zvinetso zvemari inowanwa zvishoma, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika, uye zvinhu zvinopesana, vanameya vakanakisisa vava kutoratidza kuti nokuvhengana kwakarurama kwezviwanikwa uye kuchinja, kuchinja kwezvinhu kunobvira. Kusarudza kunoitwa mumakore gumi anotevera kuchaita kuti zvizotevera zvizotevera.