Table of Contents

Nyaya dzedare rehurumende dzinomirira rutivi rwakakomba rwegadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica, bva vagari vazhinji vanowana kuti inovhiringidza uye yakaoma kunzwisisa. Kana ukabatanidzwa mukutaura, kutevera mhaka yakakwirira, kana kuti kungoda kuva mugari wemo anoziva, anonzwisisa kuti matare ehurumende anoshanda sei. Iyi nhungamiro ine revo inoputsa chinhu chiri chose chaunoda kuziva pamusoro penhau dzedare renyika, kubva pahudzori nemiitiro kusvikira kukodzero dzako nemitoro.

Kunzwisisa Dare Rehurumende Kupomera: Chii Chinoita Mhaka?

Matare ehurumende matare ane chiremera chakaganhurirwa, kureva kuti anogona bedzi kunzwa marudzi chaiwo enhau anotenderwa neBumbiro remitemo kana kuti mirau yehurumende. Ikoku kwakasiana zvikurukuru nematare ehurumende, ayo kazhinji kazhinji ane chiremera chakafara chokunzwa anenge rudzi rupi norupi rwenhau.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo

Kutonga kwematare ehurumende kwakarondedzerwa neBumbiro reMitemo, mitemo, uye zvisarudzo zveDare repamusorosoro reUnited States. Chikamu III chinogovera kuti simba rokutonga "richatambanudzira" kumarudzi mapfumbamwe e "mitumbi" uye "vatongi": mhaka dzose mumutemo uye kusawirirana pasi peBumbiro remitemo, mitemo, uye zvibvumirano zveUnited States; nhau dzose dzinotapura vamiririri vehurumende, vamwe vashumiri vehurumende nehurumende; nhau dzose dzemibatanidzwa yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji neyezvematongerwe enyika; magakava ayo United States iri boka; gakava pakati pehurumende mbiri kana kuti vagari veimwe nyika; gakava pakati pevagari vemo venyika dzakasiyana-dzimwe; rwisano dzehurumende dzinotine nyika dzinotinotonga nyika; magakava adzo ose ehurumende dzakasiyana - siyana; mamiriro ose ehurumende dzose uye avagari vemo vomunyika dzadzone; magariro adzoro, kana kuti vagariridzoro, kana kuti vagari vedzimwe nyika; magaro.

Kubvunzurudzwa Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Kudzorwa kwemubvunzo kunobvumira munhu mumwe nomumwe pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwokutaura kwokuunza kutaura mudare rehurumende kana kukavapo pasi pomutemo womubatanidzwa, kubatanidza Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. iyi ndiyo imwe yenzira huru mbiri matare ehurumende anogamuchira nayo chiremera panhau.

Nyaya dzinobatanidza kubvunzwa kwehurumende dzinowanzobatanidza kukakavadzana pamusoro pe:

  • Kodzero dzeBumbiro reMitemo Nokuputswa
  • Mitemo nemirau zvakati
  • Zvibvumirano zvehurumende nezvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda
  • Kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu pasi pomutemo womuhurumende
  • Rusaruro rwebasa runotaurwa
  • Kukakavadzana kwepaten, kodzero yokuita zvinhu zviri mumagwaro, uye chiratidzo

Kazhinji kazhinji, kuti uve nechiremera chenhau chehurumende, kunyunyuta kwomutevedzeri kunofanira kuva kwokusanokokerwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kunyunyuta kwokutanga kwomupurisa kunofanira kuva nenongedzero kumubvunzo womubatanidzwa uye nhau yomubatanidzwa inonyandura. Mubvunzo nenhau zvomubatanidzwa hazvigoni kumuka mudziviriro yakakarirwa, zvinofanira kupiwa munyunyuto yokutanga.

Kusarudza Kwakasiyana - siyana

Kudzora kwamarudzi akawanda kunowanzobvumira vanhu kuunza kutaura mudare rehurumende uko kutaura kwacho kunopfuura $75 000 uye mapati vagari venyika dzakasiana - siana.Urwu rudzi rwokudzora runobvumira matare ehurumende kubatira sekusatora rutivi apo mapoka anobva kunyika dzakasiana - siana anobatanidzwa mugakava.

Kuunza kutaura kwomutemo wehurumende mudare rehurumende, vapoteri vose vanofanira kuva munzvimbo dzakasiana - siana kupfuura vose vavakwirirwi, uye "kuvapo mugakava" kunofanira kuva anopfuura $75 000. Ichi chinodikanwa chemhatsa yakakwana chinoreva kuti kunyange mukwirirwi mumwe cheteyo anobva mumugariro mumwe chetewo anogona kuparadza ganhuriro yenzanga.

Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti mhaka dzoutsotsi dzingasaunzwa mumiganhu yakasiana-- siyana. Hurumende ingangounza bedzi kukwirira mhaka mumatare ehurumende, uye hurumende yehurumende ingangounza bedzi kurovererwa mhaka mudare rehurumende.

Kuvakwa Kwedare Rehurumende

Kunzwisisa dare redare rehurumende kunobetsera vagari vemo kushandisa gadziriro yacho uye kunzwisisa kuti nhau dzinofambira mberi sei kupfurikidza nemipimo yakasiana - siana yokuhwirudzura.

Matare Oruwa eUnited States

Dare reruwa ndiro matare makuru edare rehurumende. Dare rimwe nerimwe roruwa rine anenge Mutongi mumwe weRuwa weUnited States, akagadzwa naPurezidhendi ndokusimbiswa neDare nokuda kweshoko roupenyu hwose. matare eruwa anobata matare edare rehurumende – zvose zviri zviviri utsotsi hwavagari vemo nehumwe.

Dare iri ndiro rinotanga kutonga nyaya, panopiwa uchapupu, papupurirwa, uye panotanga kupiwa mitongo.

Matare Okukwirira eUnited States

Kana dare reruwa rangosarudza nyaya, nhau yacho inogona kukwidzwa kudare rekukwirira reUnited States. Kune matunhu ane gumi namaviri ehurumende anokamura nyika kuva nharaunda dzakasiana - siana. Dare rimwe nerimwe redunhu rine maruramiro edare reruwa mukati menharaunda yaro yenzvimbo.

Kukwirira kumatare anofambira kunotanga kunzwiwa neboka, rina vatongi vatatu vedare rinofambira. Parivhi dzinonyora kuti "Mabhirife" kudare, dzichipana nharo kuti nei chisarudzo chedare chinofanira kunzi chaitwa, kana kuti chatemerwa. Pashure pokunge kupfupikisa kwaitwa, dare richaronga kuti vatongi vataure kuti vauye pamberi pedare kuzopindura mibvunzo yavo.

Uyezve, Federal Court of Appeals ine simba munyika yose panhau dzakananga dzakadai sedzine kodzero, dzichipa unyanzvi chaihwo hwokugadzira zvinhu zvakaoma.

Matare Ehurumende Anokosha

Kunze kwegadziriro yedare rehurumende, matare anoverengeka chaiwo anotonga marudzi akati enhau:

  • Dare reBankruptic: Ruwa rumwe norumwe rwehurumende runewo dare rinobhuroka nokuda kwezvinoitika izvozvo
  • United States Tax Court: Mamwe matare ane udzori munyika yose nokuda kwenhau dzakadai semutero (United States Trusauro)
  • Dare reUnited States reMazita eFederal: Appendings dzinotaura mukurwisana nehurumende yehurumende
  • Dare reUnited States of International Trade: Address projects nenhau dzetsika dzenyika yose

Muitiro Wenhau Wedare RamaFederal: Kubva Pakunyengera Kusvika Kuchisarudzo

Kunzwisisa mafambiro edare rehurumende kunobatsira vagari vemo kukarira chokukarira ndokugadzirira maererano nacho.

Kupedzisa Kunyunyuta

Rugwaro urwu rwokutanga runokosha nokuti runotanga hwaro hwenhau yacho uye runofanira kuratidza kuti dare rehurumende rine simba rokunzwa nhau yacho.

Kunyunyuta kwacho kunofanira kusanganisira:

  • Mashoko edare
  • Kurondedzerwa kwakajeka kwemaidi anosimudzira kutaura kwacho
  • Hwaro hwapamutemo hwezvirevo zvomuparidzi
  • Yamuro kana kuti mushonga uri kutsvakwa

Zvaiita Mudziviriri

Vatsigiri vamafaira vangapindura munyunyuti, kana kuti kubvisa mirangariro yechirwere, vachitaura kuti mhaka yacho inokundikana kunyunyuta pamusoro pechimwe chinhu, icho mutemo unoziva. Kana Murevereri wacho akasaidzira Kuda Kudzinga, Dare rinofanira kutanga kutendera mumutsara wePhostletia kuti mhaka yacho ifambire mberi.

Kuramba kunogona kudenha mativi akasiana - siana enhau yacho, kubatanidza:

  • Kushaikwa kwechiremera chenhau
  • Kushaikwa kwesimba romunhu oga
  • Nzvimbo isina kukodzera
  • Kukundikana kutaura kutaura kuti nyaradzo inogona kupiwa pairi
  • Basa risingakwaniswi rekugadzira

Kuwana

Uyu muitiro wakarongwa wokutsinhana mashoko pakati pamativi pamusoro pezvapupu noufakazi zvavachapa pakutonga. Kuvhura kunogonesa vanhu vacho kuziva dare risati ratanga ufakazi hungapiwa.

Kuwana kwapamberi pekunzvera kunoreva kuti mapati acho anopiwa nhambo yenguva umo kuedza kuvamba ufakazi hwokutsigira nhau dzavo. Mwedzi mitatu kusvikira kumishanu inhambo chaiyo yokuwana mumatare omubatanidzwa.

Zvikamu Zvematurusi Okuwana

Kune marudzi mana makuru okuwana: (1) mafashoni; (2) bvunzurudzo; (3) zvikumbiro zvokupinzwa; uye (4) zvikumbiro zvokubudiswa kwemagwaro.

Kuvhura: Pakuwana kusati kwaitwa dare, mubato mumwe nomumwe angada kuti mumwe apindure manyoro - ayo anoda kuti patsinhiro papindurwe mibvunzo yakanyorwa pasi pemhiko. Iyi mibvunzo yakanyorwa inobvumira masangano kuunganidza mashoko makuru pamusoro pezvirevo zveboka rinopikisa, dziviriro, uye ufakazi.

Majekiseni: kazhinji kazhinji rutivi runodhura zvikurusa uye rwakareba zvikurusa rwekuwana dare risati raitwa. Chitsamisiro chinoreva kuti boka rimwe nerimwe ringada munhu upi noupi warinosarudza kuuya kuhofisi yegweta ndokupindura mibvunzo mumhiko pamusoro pezvavanoziva pamusoro penhau yacho. Majekiseni anopa banza rokunzvera kuvimbika nokukiya muuchapupu vasati vatongwa.

Kukumbira nokuda kweChinyorwa: Pariti dzinogona kukumbira magwaro, mashoko akachengetwa pakombiyuta, uye humwe ufakazi hunoshanda kunhau yacho. Vari mubato racho rinobatira nechikumbiro chokubudisa mabhuku rine mazuva 30 okupindura.

Kukumbira nokuda kweMirayiro: Zvikumbiro zvokunyoresa zvinodzorwa noMutemo 36, unoshanda nomutoo wakafanana sezvikumbiro zveMirayiro pasi pomutemo wehurumende. Mubato wacho wakabatira nechikumbiro chine mazuva 30 okupindura (Rula 36(a)(3) uye hakuna miganhu pasi peMitemo panhamba yezvikumbiro zvinogona kunyorwa.

Nzvimbo Yokuwana

Kutoti neimwe nzira yakaganhurirwa nemurairo wedare, ukuru hwokuwana ndehunotevera: Mapati angawana kuwana pamusoro penhau ipi neipi isina kubvumirwa iri madikanwa kukutaura kwebato ripi neripi kana kuti dziviriro uye kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvenhau yacho, achirangarira ukoshi hwenhau dziri mungozi muchiito chacho.

Kubatana kwacho kuchangoitika uye kunomiririra kusava nomutoro pakuwana zvinhu.

Kuramba Kutanga Nemisangano

Mutemo 26(f) unokuita kuva kwakafanira kuti magweta asangane ndokupa pamberi pokuwana nokuwadzanyura. Uyu musangano wapamutemo unowanzonongedzerwa kwauri se "musangano wapakuvamba wezano" uye unogovera nzvimbo apo zano rinogona kukurukura pachena kutarisirwa kwenhau nomuitiro wokuwana.

Ichi chinodikanwa chapakuvamba chebatira pamwe chinosianisa muitiro womubatanidzwa negadziriro dzakawanda dzedare rehurumende uye chinokurudzira mapoka kushanda pamwe chete kubatanidza muitiro wokuwana ndokupedza rwisano nenzira inobudirira.

Rutongeso Rwomuchidimbu

Rutongeso rwokupfupikisa mutoo unozivikanwa navose zvikuru wokurasa nawo mhaka dzehurumende, zvikurukuru sezvo vatongi vehurumende vane mhaka dzinorema zvikuru. Ungafunga nezvechisarudzo chokupfupikisa sokuedza nhau yacho papepa. Rutivi rumwe norumwe ruchatanga mukunyora zvibvumikiso zvarwo, pamwe chete nezvikamu zvinobva muzvinyorwa, mhinduro dzokubvunzurudza, uye magwaro akabudiswa mukuwana kuedza kunyengetedza Dare renzvimbo yavo.

Mutongo wakapfupikiswa unobvumira matare kupedza nyaya pasina kutongwa kwakakwana kana pasina kukakavadzana kwechokwadi pamusoro pezvinhu. Kana chiito chomushandirwi nokuda kwechisarudzo chepfupi chikarambwa, mhaka ichaitwa nokuda kwokutongwa. Kana ikapiwa, mhaka yacho inopera uye mushonga bedzi kuisa APPE kudare rakakwirira.

Kutongwa

Kana nhau ikaramba iripo kuti irambe chisarudzo chenhau, inopfuurira kutongwa. Kutonga kweFederal kunogona kusarudzwa nomutongi (kutongwa kwedare) kana kuti zvimwe dare rinobetsera vatongi, kuchitsamira parudzi rwemhaka nezvinodikanwa zvavanhu. Mukati mokutonga, mativi ose ari maviri anopa ufakazi, anonzvera zvapupu, uye anoita zvibvumikiso zvapamutemo zvinotsigira nzvimbo dzavo.

Kuedza kwacho kunosanganisira:

  • Kusarudzwa kwaJury (mukutonga kwedare redare rinobetsera vatongi)
  • Kutaura kwokuzarura
  • Kuratidzwa kwoufakazi nomupurisa
  • Kuratidzirwa kwoufakazi kwakaitwa nomukwirirwi
  • Uchapupu Hunoparadzirwa
  • Zvibvumikiso zvokupfiga
  • Miraidzo yaJury (mukutonga kwedare redare rinobetsera vatongi)
  • Kuda uye chisarudzo

Muitiro Wokukwirira: Kutsvaka Kuhwirudzurwa Kwezvisarudzo zveDare Rehurumende

Kodzero yokukwirira chinhu chinokosha chegadziriro yedare rehurumende, ichigovera mutoo wokururamisa zvikanganiso uye kuva nechokwadi chokushandiswa kwenguva dzose kwomutemo.

Mipimo Yokuhwirudzura Inotevedzerwa

Dare repamusoro harina kutongwazve.

Matare anoedza anowanzohwirudzura marudzi akasiyana - siyana enhau pasi pemipimo yakasiana:

  • [ Mibvunzo yomutemo: hwirudzuro itsva (kuhwirudzura kusinganonoki kudare rinotonga)
  • Zviwanwa zvechokwadi: zvakahwirudzurwa nokuda kwechikanganiso chakajeka (kuzviisa pasi pedare rinotonga)
  • [[[FRAT:0] Zvisarudzo zvokutsiva: zvakahwirudzurwa nokuda kwokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwoungwaru

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa

Dare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States idare gurusa mugadziriro yehurumende. Dare rinoshuva kukwirira chisarudzo chinobva kuDare reNhenhare reU.S. kana kuti dare rapamusorosoro rehurumende muUnited States ringakumbira Dare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States kupfurikidza nokubvumwa kweceretiorari kuti rinzwe nhau yavo inobatanidza nhau inokosha yomutemo wehurumende kana kuti Constitution yeU.S. Dare Rapamusoro rine chisarudzo pamusoro pei chichapiwa. Dare repamusorosoro reU.S. rinogamuchira zvikumbiro zvinenge 10 000 nokuda kwenhau dzechibereko gore rimwe nerimwe uye rinonzwa nhau dzinenge 75-80.

Kuongorora kunosarudza kweDare Repamusorosoro kunoreva kuti nyaya dzinopa mibvunzo inokosha yepamutemo kana kuti kurwisana kwematare epamusoro - soro ndedzokuhwirudzura chete.

Mazita Anokosha Emitemo Anofanira Kuzivikanwa Nomugari Wose

Kunzwisisa mashoko anokosha epamutemo kunobetsera vagari vemo vomuhurumende kutevera kutonga kwedare ndokunzwisisa magwaro epamutemo.

Mativi Emitemo

  • [[FORT:0] Plaintiff: Mubato anotanga kukwirira mhaka muhurumende kupfurikidza nokuisa nyunyuto
  • [ Defanti: Bani riri kukwidzwa kana kuti kupomerwa mukuita kwapamutemo
  • [[FT:0] Chinyorwa: Munhu anoisa kukwirira kana kuti chikumbiro kudare rapamusoro
  • Reftied:

Jurisdiction naVenue

  • juriction: Juristotion inotema kana dare rine chiremera chapamutemo chokunzwa nhau
  • Nyaya yeMatter Juristition: Nepo udzori hwomunhu oga huchidzora uko mapoka anganzwiwa, nhau inodzorwa pasi inodzora icho dare rinogona kunzwa zvakananga
  • MPFUNDO: Hurumende yomunhu oga ichiremera chedare pamativi akati muchinoitika, zvikurukuru mukwiridziri. Dare rinogona bedzi kusunga boka kumirau yaro kana rine chiremera chomunhu oga pamusoro pavo
  • Hurumende yeGenetic, inowanzonongedzerwa kwairi senzvimbo, inosarudza nzvimbo chaiyo iri mukati megadziriro yedare umo nhau inofanira kunzwiwa. Kunyange apo nhau nehurumende yomunhu oga zvinofanira kutangwa, mhaka yacho inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakarurama yenzvimbo yapasi.

Zvisarudzo Nemirau Zvedare

  • [Motion:[ Chikumbiro chakarongwa kudare nokuda kwechisarudzo chakananga kana kuti nhevedzano
  • [[[FURO] : A dare rakanyorwa kana kuti murairo
  • [[FFT:0] ` Chisarudzo chokupedzisira chedare chinenge chichipedza nyaya dzinokosha mumhaka
  • Vict: Chisarudzo chedare rinobetsera vatongi pamibvunzo yechokwadi yakapiwa kwavari
  • [[FOL:0]Appal:[ Chikumbiro kudare rapamusoro kuhwirudzura ndokuchinja chisarudzo chedare rakaderera
  • [[FOLT:0] : apo dare rinotumira nhau kudare rinotonga nokuda kwokumwe kutongwa

Mashoko Ane Chokuita Nezvacho

  • [[FOLT:0] ... [ Zvinyorwa zvetsika zvakachengetwa nedare, kubatanidza kunyunyuta, mhinduro, uye mhinduro
  • [[FOLT:0] : Kutonga kwapamutemo kwakanyorwa kunopiwa kudare
  • [[[FOL:0] wimbiso: Chipupuriro chisati chaitwa dare risati ratongwa
  • Subpoena: Murayiro wedare unoda kuti munhu abude mudare kana kuti kubudisa magwaro
  • Kumira: Kodzero yapamutemo yokuunza dare, ichida kuti mupurisa atambura kuvadziko chaiyoiyo

Federal v. Dare reHurumende: Kunzwisisa Misiyano

Kunzwisisa misiyano yacho kunobetsera vagari vemo kusarudza kuti igadziriro ipi yedare inoshanda kumugariro wavo.

Misiyano Yamagamuchidzanwa

US inoshandisa gadziriro mbiri dzedare, matare ehurumende nematare ehurumende zviri kufamba zvakafanana, imwe neimwe ine miganhu yehurumende yakarondedzerwa. matare eFederal ane chiremera chakaganhurirwa. Anogona bedzi kunzwa mhaka dzakabvumirwa zvakananga neBumbiro remitemo kana kuti mirau yehurumende. Anobata mhaka dzomubatanidzwa, mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo, gakava pakati pehurumende, uye nhau dzinobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa.

Izvi zvinosanganisira kukwikwidza mhosva dzakawanda, nyaya dzemhuri, kubvumirana pabonde, mhosva dzemunhu oga, uye nyaya dzinobatanidzwa.

Kurayira Kwenguva Yacho

Kukakavadzana pakati pekambani yeNew York nekambani yeCalifornia nokuda kweU.S. $100 000 kunogona kuiswa mudare rehurumende muhurumende muhurumende inodzora zvakasiyana - siyana, kana kuti mudare rehurumende.

Apo mhaka inoiswa mudare rehurumende asi ingagona kuva yakachengetwa mudare rehurumende, mukwirirwi angava nechisarudzo choku "remove" nhau yacho kudare rehurumende, achiitamisira kugadziriro yehurumende kugadziriro yomubatanidzwa.

Vatongi Vehurumende: Kugadzwa uye Basa

Kunzwisisa kuti vakasarudzwa sei uye mabasa avo kunobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuzvimirira nechiremera zvedare rehurumende.

Gadziro

Vatongi veFederal (napaDare Gurusa") vanosarudzwa naPurezidhendi ndokusimbiswa "nezano nebvumirano" zveDare uye "vachabata nzvimbo dzavo mukati momufambiro wakanaka". Vatongi vangachengeta nzvimbo yavo kwoupenyu hwavo hwose, asi vazhinji vanorega kana kuti vanorega basa pakuvamba. Vangabviswawo nokusatendiswa neHoro yavamiriri uye kupwiswa neDare.

Uku kugadzwa kwoupenyu hwose kwakarongedzerwa kudzivirira vatongi vehurumende padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika ndokuvabvumira kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa chose chose pamutemo neBumbiro reMitemo, pasina kuitira hanya murangariro wavose kana kuti miuyo inosarudzwa.

Vatongi Vakachenjera

Chinopesana nokugadzwa kwoupenyu hwose ndechevatongi vemajaji, avo vakasarudzwa nevatongi voruwa uye vanobatira shoko rakajeka.Vatongi vanoziva vanobetsera vatongi voruwa kupfurikidza nokubata nhau dzokutanga, kuitisa misangano yokugarisa, uye pane dzimwe nguva kutungamirira kukutonga nemvumo dzemitezo.

Zvinyorwa zveDare Rehurumende Namashoko Zvinosvika

Kutonga kwedare kwavose kunowanzozarukira vanhu, uye vagari vemo vane maruramiro okupinda zvinyorwa zvedare ndokuchengeta nhau. Uku kujeka kunokosha kuchengeta chivimbo chavanhu mutsika yokutonga.

ZVINOTAURA: Kuwana Mashoko Mudare Remakombiyuta

Dare rehurumende rinochengeta gadziriro yemagetsi inonzi PACER (Public Access to Court Electronic Records) inobvumira munhu upi noupi kutsvaka ndokutora magwaro edare rehurumende.

KUBVIRA kuPaCHER, vagari vemo vanogona:

  • Tsvaka zviitiko nezita repanzvimbo, nhamba, kana kuti zvimwe zvinodiwa
  • Ona mapepa echiteshi anoratidza maburi ose ari mubhokisi
  • Kuwana magwaro edare okunyunyuta, okusaita zvinhu, okurayira, uye mamwe
  • Tsvaka kuti nyaya dzinoramba dzichiitika dzinofambira mberi sei
  • Nzvera mifungo nezvisarudzo zvedare

Kupinda Dare Rinofambira Mberi

Mamwe matare anoda kuti vashanyi vapfuure nomukuongorora kwokuchengeteka, uye dzimwe nyaya dzinoita kuti nyaya dzitadze kuzvidzivirira, uye dzimwe nyaya dzinoda kuvharwa kuti dzidzivirire zvinhu zvepachivande kana kuti kuchengeteka kwenyika.

Kodzero Dzako Mudare Rehurumende

Kana uri mubato kudare, chapupu, kana kuti mucherechedzi anofarira, kunzwisisa kodzero dzako mudare rehurumende kunokosha.

Kodzero Yezano

Kana vasingakwanisi kubhadhara zano, mumhaka dzehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji hamuna maruramiro okupa zano rakagadzwa, kunyange zvazvo mamwe masangano eyamuro yapamutemo achigovera mufananidzo wapachena wokukwanirisa vanhu.

Maruramiro Okuita Zvinodiwa

Iyi dziviriro huru inovimbisa kuti kutonga kwedare rehurumende kwakarurama, kuti vanhu vanogamuchira ziviso nomukana wokunzwiwa, uye kuti zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamutemo noufakazi panzvimbo pezvinhu zvoufakazi.

Kutongwa Kwevatongi

Dare Rechitanhatu Rekugadzirisa Zvinhu rinovimbisa kodzero yokutongwa nedare rinobetsera vatongi mumatare, nepo Seventh Amendment inochengetedza kodzero yokutongwa kwedare redare rehurumende munhau dzakawanda.Pariyo dzimwe nguva dzinogona kurambidza kodzero iyi uye dzinopfuurira nokutongwa nebhenji pamberi pomutongi oga.

Marudzi Anozivikanwa Navose Enhau Dzakatarisana Nevanhu Vakawanda

Kunzwisisa marudzi anozivikanwa navose kunobatsira vagari vemo kuziva apo chiremera chedare rehurumende chinoshanda.

Mhaka Dzeutsotsi

Mhaka dzoutsotsi dzamabhangi dzakakomba dzinobatanidza kuputswa kwemirau youtsotsi yomubatanidzwa, kubatanidza:

  • Kutengesa zvinodhaka uye kuparadzira
  • Umbavha hwemabhangi uye unyengeri
  • Kuputswa Kwomubatanidzwa
  • Kunzvenga mutero uye kubiridzira
  • Kunyepedzera Nokunyepedzera
  • Ugandanga nemhosva dzokuchengeteka kwenyika
  • Utsotsi hwakarongwa uye kubiridzira
  • Utsotsi hwemakombiyuta uye unyengeri

Mhaka Dzekodzero Dzevanhu

Matare ehurumende anoita basa rinokosha mukudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu nemhosva dzinobatanidza:

  • Rusaruro rwebasa rwakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, rudzidziso, mavambo orudzi, zera, kana kuti urema
  • Kushambadzira kuputswa kwekodzero
  • Kuzvibata kwemapurisa uye kumanikidza kwakanyanya
  • Rusaruro rwedzimba
  • Kusarura dzidzo uye kuwana mukana wokuwana
  • Kuputswa Kwe Amendeko Yokutanga

Matambudziko Ezvinhu Zvinofungwa Nevanhu

Dare rehurumende rine simba rakakwana panhau dzine kodzero uye rinoita zvinhu zvakawanda zvine kodzero dzekodzero dzomutemo uye zvizivikanwa.

  • Kudzorwa Kwakaipa Nokushanda
  • Kupikiswa kwemanyoro maviri
  • Kukakavadzana kwevatengesi
  • Kutenga neshamhu pachivande

Nhau Dzemari Dzisina Kutsarukana

Matare makuru ane simba rakakwana pamusoro penhau dzokubhuroka, idzo dzinobvumira vanhu namabhizimisi kurongazve kana kuti kubvisa zvikwereti mumutemo wehurumende wokubhuroka. Mitongo yeBhankirupity inobatanidza:

  • Chitsauko 7 Kuparadza
  • Chitsauko 11 Chebhizimisi Rokurongwazve
  • Chitsauko 13 chechikwereti chomunhu oga

Mazano Anoshanda Kudare Rinotonga

Kana ukaona kuti uri kutongerwa nyaya mudare rehurumende, ungave uri mubato, uri chapupu, kana kuti uri mucherechedzi, mazano aya anogona kukubatsira kuti unyatsoongorora nyaya yacho.

Tsvaka Kumirira Kunoitwa Pamutemo

Muitiro wedare weFederal unobatanidza mitemo yakaoma nemutemo wezvisakiso. Kana uri mubato kudare rehurumende, kurovha gweta ragara richishandiswa mudare rehurumende kunorumbidzwa zvikuru. Muitiro weFederal unosiana zvikuru nomuitiro wedare rehurumende, uye zivo chaiyo inowanzokosha mukudzivirira maruramiro ako nefariro.

Nzwisisa Mitemo Yedare Nemitemo Yakafa

Kazhinji kazhinji, muitiro wokuwana wehurumende unodzorwa neFRCP, mirairo yavose nemitemo yomunzvimbomo zvinonanga kudare roruwa uko mhaka inoiswa, uye murairo wokumira wakananga kumutongi woruwa akagoverwa uye, kana zvichibvira, mutongi wemajaji akagoverwa kutarisira nhau dzose dzakawanikwa.

Matare ehurumende anomanikidza zvakasimba kusvitsa nguva, uye kupotsa nguva yokunyora nguva kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba, kubatanidza kudzingwa kwezvirevo kana kuti dziviriro.

Chengeta Mahwendefa Nouchapupu

Kana kugadzikisa kwangotanga kana kuti kutarisirwa, vanhu vane basa rokuchengetedza magwaro akakodzera noufakazi. Kuparadza kana kuti kukundikana kuchengeta ufakazi kunogona kuguma nezvirango zvakakomba, kubatanidza kuratidzira kwakaipa kana kuti kurambwa kwezvirevo.

Gadzirira Kuwana

Kuwana kunogona kuva kupedza nguva uye kupinza. Iva akagadzirira kupindura mibvunzo ine udzame pamusoro penhau yako, kubudisa magwaro anokosha, uye kungabvira kugara nokuda kwechibvumirano. Kushanda negweta rako zvikuru kugadzirira kuwana kunokosha.

Funga Nezvechisarudzo Chisiri Chokusarudza

Dare rehurumende rakawanda rinokurudzira kana kuti rinoda kuti masangano aedze kutsinhirana kana kuti zvimwe zvimiro zvechisarudzo chenharo dzinotsiva pamberi pokutonga.

Kubudirira Kwemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura Muitiro Wedare Ramabhatani

Kushanda kwedare rehurumende kunopfuurira kuchinja mukupindura kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kuchinja mipimo yemitemo, uye kurangarira kunoshanda.

Kubhururuka Nemagetsi uye Kufambira Mberi Kuri Kure

Matare ehurumende akagamuchira gadziriro dzezvisaririra zvemagetsi, achida kuti magwaro mazhinjisa aendeswe pakombiyuta mugadziriro yeCM/ECF (Cectronic Case Falls). Dakata reCHOVID rakawedzera kushandiswa kwenhau dziri kure, nematare mazhinji zvino anoitisa kutongwa kwenhau uye kunyange kutongwa kupfurikidza nevhidhiyo.

Kuzivikanwa Kwakaitwa

Nemhaka youku kuzivikanwa kutsva kwechinodikanwa, varapi vomubatanidzwa vanowanzozviwana vamene vachitora matanho okuisa mativi kuti vamanikidzire uko musoro wedziviriro unopfuura wavanodikanirwa kurwisana nawo uri nhevedzano. Ichi chinodikanwa chinodzivisa kuwanwa kuva kunorema zvikuru kana kuti kunodhura pamusoro pemhaka yenhau yacho.

Mashoko Anochengetwa Pachishandiswa Erectronic

Matare ehurumende akagadzira mitemo nemashandisiro anoitwa mashoko anoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu (ESI), kusanganisira tsamba, mameseji, makombiyuta, masangano anobudisa mashoko, uye mapepa ekombiyuta.

Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Zvakawanda Pamusoro Pematare Ehurumende

Vagari vemo vanoda kudzidza zvakawanda nezvematare ehurumende vanogona kuwana zvinhu zvakawanda zvedzidzo.

Mawebsite eDare Rinoshandira Muhurumende

United States Courts website ( www.ustouts.gov) inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pegadziriro yedare rehurumende, kubatanidza zvishandiso zvedzidzo, nhamba dzedare, uye batano kunzvimbo dzedare rimwe nerimwe.

Masangano Anoona Nezvemashoko Epamutemo

Masangano akadai seCornell Law School’s Legal Information Institute (w.law.corell.edu) anogovera kusvika kwapachena kumirau yehurumende, mitemo yedare, uye enisaikoropidhiya dzapamutemo dzinotsanangura miitiro yedare rehurumende nomutemo wedzero.

Kushanya Kwedare Nezvirongwa Zvedzidzo

Zvirongwa izvi zvinowanzosanganisira mikana yokuona nyaya dzedare uye kudzidza nezvenhoroondo uye kushanda kwedare rehurumende.

Kukosha Kwebhuku Rinoongorora

Kunzwisisa matare ehurumende kunoda kuti anzwisise basa rawo mugadziriro yedu yebumbiro remitemo.

Iri boka rinovimbisa kuti matare ehurumende nematare ehurumende imwe neimwe achitaura nezvemhaka dzemhosva dzakanakisisa dzakakodzera unyanzvi hwawo nemabasa.

Kushanda kwoupenyu hwose kwavatongi vomuhurumende, nepo pane dzimwe nguva vachiitirana nharo, kunobatira donzo rinokosha rokudzivirira kuita chisarudzo chedare padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuzvimirira kunobvumira vatongi kuita zvisarudzo zvisingafarirwi asi zvakarurama zvapamutemo pasina kutya kurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzavo.

Kugumisa: Kupa Vagari Vemo Simba Nokunzwisisa

Apo gadziriro yedare rehurumende inogona kuratidzika kuva inotyisidzira uye yakaoma, inonzwisisa mugadzirirwo wayo mukuru, miitiro, uye nheyo zvinopa simba vagari vemo kuti vabatane nenzira inobudirira zvikuru negadziriro yemitemo.

Kana uchibatanidzwa mukuita nharo, kutevera nhau yefariro yavose, kana kuti kungotsvaka bedzi kuva mugari wemo akadzidza, zivo yemiitiro yedare rehurumende noudzori hunokosha. matare ehurumende anoita basa rinokosha mukududzira nokushandisa mutemo wehurumende, kudzivirira maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo, uye kupedza gakava rinotapura vanhu, mabhizimisi, uye nzanga yose zvayo.

Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti matare ehurumende anoshanda sei, vagari vemo vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani mutemo, kuziva apo chiremera chehurumende chinoshanda, uye kushandisa gadziriro yacho nenzira inobudirira zvikuru apo kunenge kuri madikanwa. Kubuda kwedare rehurumende, kwakabatanidzwa nokuwana zvinyorwa zvedare nezviwanikwa zvedzidzo, kunova nechokwadi chokuti muitiro wokutonga unoramba uchizvidavirira kuvanhu vaunobatira.

Sezvo mutemo wedu unoramba uchichinja zvichienderana nokuchinja kwemasangano okugadzira zvinhu, kuchinja kwetsika, uye zvinetso zvitsva zvemitemo, kuramba tichiudzwa nezvemaitirwo edare rehurumende uye kubudirira kwezvinhu kuchiri kukosha kuti tive vagari vemo.