Nheyo: Bumbiro Remitemo Nebvumo Rekodzero

Bumbiro reBumbiro reMitemo, rakanyoreswa muna 1787, rakavanzarika hwaro hwekodzero dzevanhu muAmerica. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga rakatadza kutaura nezvekodzero dzevagari vose, rakagadza nheyo dzinokosha dzaizokurudzira masangano kuti aenzane. Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakaita gadziriro yecheki nedzinoyera uye gadziriro yehurumende yaibvumira vose kuti nyika nechiremera chehurumende pakodzero dzevanhu. Zvisinei, gwaro rokutanga raiva nemhesano dzakaita kuti kusaruramisira kupfuuridzire, kubatanidza Vatatu vaFifith vasabvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, izvo zvakarangarira vanhu vakasungwa savatatu vomunhu nokuda kwemitero nemhizha yemitero, uye Fugitiod Slave Slavity Clavius, izvo zvaida kudzokera kwavaranda vaitirwirwirwirwi. Ivava vai vairatidza kupesana nokuparadza uranda hukuru pauranda hwaizopera kupedzisira muHondo yeHondo yeHondo yeChizvarwa chaMagariro.

Bill of Rights, yakatenderwa muna 1791, yakawedzera dziviriro dzakananga kuBumbiro reMitemo, kubatanidza rusununguko rwokutaura, vanobudisa nhau, uye gungano; maruramiro okutakura zvombo; dziviriro pakunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari; uye maruramiro emiitiro yapamutemo. First Amendment, zvikurukuru, yakaisa nheyo yekodzero dzakawanda dzevagari vemo idzo dzaizotevera, kugovera gadziriro yapamutemo yokuramba, gungano, uye kutaura kwokusabvumirana. Bill of Rights yaishandisirwa bedzi kuhurumende yehurumende yehurumende, kwete kunoreva kuti hurumende ingagona kuganhurira idzi rusununguko. Iyi ganhuriro yaizoramba iri nhau huru kutozosvikira padaviso ye14 yedziviriro yaizoshandiswa kuidzo iyi panzvimbo inopfuudzira kukuva.

Bumbiro reMitemo naBill of Rights zvakanga zviri zviitwa zvakabudirira munguva yavo, asi zvakanga zvisina kurongwa sezvinyorwa zvinovaka zvose zvinodzivirira vaAmerica vose zvakaenzana. Vakadzi, veMaIndia okuAmerica, vaAmerica, uye varidzi vasina pamutemo vakabviswa zvikurukuru mukodzero neropafadzo vatangi vakatsvaka kudzivirira. Mutauro weBumbiro remitemo, zvisinei, wakabvumikisa kuva wakapfava zvakakwana pakupedzisira kubatanidza kutsanangurwa kwakafara kwekodzero nerusununguko. Vavambi venhau dzokugadza ruramisiro, kuvimbisa rugare rwemhuri, uye kusimudzira garikano yavose yakava migumisiro yemasangano apashure. Hwaro ihwo hwakapiwa hahuna kugoverwa chibereko asi pfundo rokutanga nokuda kwekurukurirano inopfuuridzirwa pamusoro pezvinoreva uye kufanirwa.

Kugadziridza: Nguva Itsva

Pashure peHondo yevagari vemo, United States yakawana chinjo huru nokupfuura kweMitemo yeChi13, yechi14, uye yechi15 yePrefences, yose zvayo inozivikanwa seReconstructon Amendments. Iyi gadziridzo yakaitirwa kuputsa gadziriro yapamutemo youranda ndokutanga gadziriro itsva yokuenzana nokuva mugari wemo. Nguva yeConcrationon kubva muna 1865 kusvikira muna 1877 yakanga iri imwe yechinjo huru yenzanga nezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvo rudzi rwakaedza kuvakazve vaAmerica vokuMaodzanga uye kudokusvika mamiriyoni mana vachangobva kusunungurwa muAfrica kuti vavezve upenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika nohwemari munyika.

Hurumende yechi13, yakabvumirwa muna 1865, yakabvisa uranda nouranda hwokusazvidira kunze kwechirango nokuda kwemhosva. Uku kupesana kwaizoshandiswa nehurumende kupfurikidza negadziriro yokuroja vasungwa namagen’a eketani, izvo zvakamanikidzira vaAfrica kupinda mubasa risina kubhadharwa mukuita chirango cheutsotsi. Amendement yechi14, yakabvumirwa muna 1868, yakabvumira kuva mugari wemo kuvanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakazvarwa nomuzvarirwo muUnited States uye yakavimbisa dziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo. Iyi nyaradzo yakagadzwawo maruramiro akafanira ayo pakupedzisira aizoshandiswa kushandisa Bill of Rights commotion kumaruwa. Gamendment ye15, yakanyoreswa muna 1870, yakarambidza ganhuriro yakavakirwa padzinza, ruvaradziko, kana kuti mugariro wekare wouranda, kunyange zvazvo isina kutambanurira kuvakadzi muvhotirwo kurudzi rup.

Iyi gadziridzo yakaratidzira chinjo inokosha munzanga yeAmerica, ichiisa nheyo yefambiro mberi yenguva yemberi yavagari vemo. Zvisinei, chipikirwa chekudzorerwa chakakurumidza kuparadzwa nokusimudzwa kwemitemo yeJim Crow, Mapepa Matema, uye kudzvinyirirwa kwakarongwa. Dare Gurusa reSaunt rakaratidzira zvisarudzo muSlackter Cases (1873), United States neConvelhand (1876), uye Civil Rights Cases (1883) zvakaganhurira zvakakomba mwero weRefectures, uye kudzora pamutemo zvinobvumira nenzira inobudirira nyika kuchengeta kusarura dzinza nokubvisa. Kurega kwa 18777, uko kwakagumisa mauto eUnited States kubva kuSouth nea zera reAfrica kusvika kudzoro yehurumende dzevachena. Mabhuku anoramba ari epamutemo nokuda kwekudzorwa kwenhau dzemitemo yenhau, anobvumira nenzira iko nokudzorwa kwamasimba masimba ose, kunyange kutodzorwa kwapamhotoorwa kwamasimba masimba.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo: Ma1950 kusvikira kuma1960

Pakati pezana ramakore rechi20 pakava nokumuka kweChipo chekodzero dzevagari vemo, kurwira kukuru ruramisiro yenzanga yakatungamirirwa nezviverengero zvakadai saMartin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, naMalcolm X. Iri sangano harina kuvakwa kamwe kamwe asi kuguma kwamakumi amakore okuronga, hondo dzepamutemo, uye purogiramu yezvikoro zvinotsigira kufambiswa kwemagariro evatema. Sangano reNational Association nokuda kweKufambira mberi kwavanhu vemagariro enzanga (NAACP), rakaitwa muna 190991, rakanga raronda zano repamutemo rokurwisa kudzora kudzora, richiwana kukunda kukuru kwakadai sedavi reBrown v. Board yedzidzo yedzidzo, yakazivisa kuti zvikoro zvisingabvumirwiswi. Sangano yesangano resangano rechechi dzevatema, remajini, masangano, uye masangano enzanga ari nechokunze kweSouth neSouth.

Zviitiko zvikuru zveCivil Rights Movement zvinobatanidza Montgomery Busbott ya1956, iyo yakadenha kuganhurirwa muchokufambisa chavose ndokuisa Martin Luther King Jr. muutanhamari hwerudzi. Mukomana Cottcott wakapedza mazuva 381 uye wakaguma nedare gurusa raitonga kuti mabhazi akanga asina kubvumirwa kuva ehurumende. Greenstro akagara-mo mu1960 akamutsa fungu retsono isina masimba masimba panzvimbo yezvokudya yakaiswa mugwenga-vhuro yezvokudya muSouth, ichitungamirira kukuumbwa kweDare reChidzidzi reNonhorth Coordinating (SC). Rusunungu rwa1961 rwakadenha kudzorwa mubhazi resimu, navatakuri varwi varwi vamasimba masimba masimba avo vakatarisana nedenho dzorudzi. March 1963 yakaunza kurwiso kumusoro kwaMadomita 5065 kumusoro waMadoki yeG.

Sangano racho rakawana rukundo rwemitemo yemitemo yakatarwa, kubatanidza Civil Rights Act ya1946, yakarambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo orudzi mumabasa, pokugara kwavose, uye gadziriro dzinotsigirwa nehurumende. Ikoku kwakateverwa neVoting Rights Act ya1965, iyo yakavavarira kubvisa miganhu yokuvhota vagari veAfrican America, kubatanidza nzvero dzekunyora nokunyora mashoko echidzidzo, mitero yokuvhotera, nemimwe miitiro yedhisikitoo yezvokutengesa. Voting Rights Rights Act ya19656 inorangarirwa zvikuru sechimwe chezvikamu zvinobudirira zvikurusa zvemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo munhau yeAmerica, zvichitungamirirawo kuwedzera mukunyoresa kwapamutemo kwevatema veAmerica nokutora vezvematongerw zvematongerwe enyika. Boka rakakurudzirawo kuongorora Fair House Berce Act ye1968, yakarambidza kutengesa dzimba, kuhada, uye kutengesa.

Izvi zvinoitika zvakanga zvichikosha mukusimudzira kuziva nokuvavarira chinjo dzemitemo idzo dzaizodzivirira maruramiro avagari vemo vose veAmerica. Sangano racho rakaratidzira simba rechiito chisina masimba masimba chakananga chokuparira chinjo yezvamatongerwe enyika, asi rakatarisanawo nechishoro chakakomba, kubatanidza kudzvinyirirwa kwamasimba masimba kwehurumende, kunzverwa kwevatungamiriri vakuru. Nhaka yeCivil Rights Movement inotambanukira kupfuura mitemo yaibudisa; rakashandura kunzwisisa kwenzanga yeAmerica kuva mugari wemo, kuenzana, uye ruramisiro, uye rakagovera muenzaniso wemasangano akatevera nokuda kwokuchinja kwenzanga.

Kurwisa Kunopfuurira: Ma 1970 kusvikira kuma 1990

Makumi amakore akatevera Civil Rights Movement yakava nefambiro mberi nemhindu, sezvo rudzi rwakarwisana nerevo yokuenzana mukushanda. Ma 1970 akaunza ngwariro itsva kunhau dzokubvuma, kubhadharira chikoro, uye kuwiriraniswa kwedzinza nourombo. Gadziriro yapamutemo yakatangwa neCivil Rights Act neVoting Rights Act yakagovera zvishandiso zvokupfuurira uye kuwirirana, asi kupedza kupfuurira kwechiito kwaiwanzova kunononoka uye kunokwikwikwikwidza. Mhaka yeDare Rapamusoro ra19797 yeUniversity of California v. Bakke yaitaura nezvokurega dzidzo yakakwirira, achitonga kuti zvikamu zvedzinza zvakanga zvisingadzorwi nekodzero asi kuti rudzi rwaigona kurangarirwa sechinhu chimwe pakati pezvisaruso zvizhinji. Ichi chisarudzo chakaumba chibvumirano chekubvumirana nechiito chaichakurukurwa namakumi amakore.

Sangano rekodzero dzourema rakakunda zvikuru munguva ino, richiguma neAmerica neChiratidzo cheBuculture Act ya1990, icho chairambidza rusaruro pavanhu vane urema mumabasa, pokugara, zvokufambisa, uye zvokukurukurirana nekombiyuta. Musangano wacho wakashandisa unyanzvi uye unyanzvi hwepamutemo hweCivil Rights Movement, kuremadza sourema senhau yekodzero dzevanhu panzvimbo pechinetso chokurapa. Ma1990 akaonawo ngwariro inokura kunhau dzeruramisiro yemhoteredzo, sezvo nzanga dzoruvara rwakarongwa mukugara kwapamberi kwenzvimbo dzinokuvadza tsvina nenzvimbo dzinoshatisa tsvina mumisha yawo.

Zvisinei, nhambo yacho yakapupurirawo kupesana kwemhindu dzekodzero dzevanhu. Mitemo yehurumende yeReagan yakaderedza mari yokutsigira kodzero dzevanhu ndokubvisa kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika kubva kumiganhu yezvivako. Dare Gurusa rakabudisa nhevedzano yezvisarudzo zvakaganhurira ukuru hwemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo, kubatanidza mhaka dzinodzivisa kubvumirana uye kuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kubvumikisa rusaruro rwemabasa. Chibvumirano cha1995 nehondo pamirimo zvakatungamirira kukuva nepfupiswo yakapararira zvikuru muAfrican American neLatino, ichiparira zvinetso zvitsva zvekodzero dzavagari vemo. Nguva inovambira muma 1970 kusvikira kuma 1990 inoratidzira kuti kukunda kwapamutemo kwoga hakuna kukwana kubvumikisa kuva nohukwane chiyero chakakwana; mamiriro enzanga, zvemari, uye chinjo dzezvamatongerwe enyika zviri madikanwawo.

Nhau Dzekodzero Dzevagari Vomunyika Dzazvino Uno

Nepo fambiro mberi huru yakaitwa, nhau dzekodzero dzavanhu dzazvino uno dzinopfuurira kudenha nzanga. Black Lives Matter, yakavamba muna 2013 pashure pokuurawa kwaTraevon Martin, yanangidzira ngwariro pautsinye hwamapurisa, kuratidzira kwedzinza, uye urudzi mugadziriro yemitemo yeutsotsi. Sangano racho rashandisa zviteshi zvenzanga uye gadziriro dzamasangano kuti dzive nokubatanidza kukwikwikwidza kurwisana munyika nenyika yose uye nyika, zvikurukuru pashure pokuuraya Michael Brown, Eric Garner, George Floyd, naBrenna Tayloy. Kumwe kushamba kwaichinjira nokuda kwemitemo yekongidzo, kubatanidza gadziridzo dzemapurisa, mari yemari yechadenga kana kuti yemari inoiswa muchengeteko yemari inochengeteko yenzanga.

Kuzvidzwa kweLGBTQ+ kodzero kwakatungamirira kukukunda kwapamutemo kukuru, kubatanidza chisarudzo cheDare rapamusoro reChinetso cha 2015 muObergefell v. Hodges, iyo inonyoresa roorano imwe cheteyo yevatano yokwate munyika yose. Dare reEditurence, iro ringadzivisa rusaruro rwakavakirwa pamurangariro wevatano nechiratidzo chevatano pabasa, dzimba, pokugara dzavose, uye dzimwe nzvimbo, dzinoramba dziri nzvimbo huru dzemitemo. Rusununguro rwamagariro dzakava chaidzo chaidzoidzo pamusoro pekuzvinangidzira kwapamutemo kwomugariro wapamutemo uye chishoro, nehondo pamusoro pokuwana vatano, kutora rutivi rwevatano. Mpano dzapamutemo dzeRGBTQ+ nekodzero dzedzinza, kirasi, uye rudzidziso rwazova rukuru rwebasa.

Masangano akaenzana anopfuurira kukurukura nhau dzakadai semusiyano wevarume nevakadzi, kodzero dzokuberekana, uye rusaruro pabasa. Sangano reMeToo, iro rakawana simba muna 2017, rakafumura kunetswa kwevatano kwakapararira nokudenha mumabasa ose ndokutanga kurukurirano huru pamusoro pesimba, kutendera, uye kuzvidavirira. Kurwira kodzero dzokubereka kwakawedzera, zvikurukuru nechisarudzo cheDare Gurusa re 2022 muDobs v. Jackson’s Health Organization, iyo yakaputsa Roe v. Wade ndokubvisa maruramiro ehurumende ekodzero yokubvisa pamuviri. Iyi chisarudzo chakabvisa hondo kuyananiswa kwemitemo uye chakaparira nhamburiko itsva dzokuita ruramisiro.

Kupa kodzero kunoramba kuri nhau yekodzero dzevanhu inomanikidza muzana remakore rechi21. Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa muna 2013 muShelby County v. Rainer akakunda zvirongwa zvinokosha zveProving Rights Act ya1965, kubatanidza nzira yokusarudza kuti inyika ipi nenharaunda dzine nhau yokusarura inofanira kutenderwa nehurumende pamberi pokuchinja mitemo yokuvhota. Pakutonga kwechisarudzo ichi, hurumende dzakawanda dzakapa mitemo inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuvhota, kubatanidza zvinodiwa nevhotera, zvakaderedza nguva dzokuvhotera, uye kubvisa mavhota mavhoti. John Vo Lewis Active Reformation Act, inotue Act, inoturwa pashure pekodzero dzehurumende, zvinangwa kudzorera nokusimbisa kudzivirira kodzero dzekutanga dzekodzero dzechipomende asi zvakaramba. Misangano iyi inoshanda panguva ino inoratidza kuti zvikwane kodzero dzevagari vemo uye kutsigira kodzero dzevagari vemo vapfumi vemo vapfumi vapfumi vapfumi vapfumi vapfumi vapfumi vapfumi vapfumi vapfumi vapfumi vanoramba vai.

Basa Redzidzo Nedzidzo

Dzidzo inoita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira kodzero dzevanhu uye kusimudzira kunzwisisa pakati penzanga dzakasiyana- siyana. Kudzidzisa nezvenhau yekodzero dzevanhu kunogona kusimbisa vadzidzi kuti vaite mabasa okutonga munzanga uye kuziva kuti kurwisana kwacho kuri kuramba kuripo. Kudzidzisa kodzero dzevanhu kunopfuura kurondedzera kwemagamba emhare ega ega uye zviitiko zvikuru zvokuongorora kusaenzana kwetsika, basa rokuronga midziyo yemapuraneti, uye kubatana pakati pemasangano enhau neazvinovapo panguva ino. .Organations dzerations seConstitutional Rights Foundation [ zvinopa vadzidzisiro kuti vagove kodzero dzevagari vemo vapidhina kuti vapiwe mukirasi yavo, vachisimbisa kufunga kwokutsoropodza uye kubatanidzwa kwehurumende.

Kubatanidza dzidzo yekodzero dzavagari vemo muchikoro kungaita kuti vazive kusaruramisira kwenhau kunopfuurira kuumba migariro yazvino. Ikoku kunobatanidza kwete bedzi Musangano weCivil Rights wema1950 nama1960 asiwo kurwisana kwapamberi pezvi kwakadai sesangano rokuparadza, sangano ravakadzi, kodzero dzechibharo, kuronga, uye kurwira uchangamire hweNative American. Dzidzo yekodzero dzevagari vemo inobatanidza aya masangano enhau nezviitiko zvazvino uno, inobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa kuti kutamburira ganhuro renhau asi muitiro unopfuurira. Gamendiyo yoUrezi yePregist Marrence Countism Center’s Treast [FLD:1] inogovera mibato yezvokukurukura nhau dzekusarura, rusaruro, uye ruramisiro muzera renzanga.

Kufunga kwokutsoropodza pamusoro pezvinoitika zvazvino kunobetsera vadzidzi kubatanidza rwisano dzekare kuti dzivepo nedenho. Kukurukurirana pamusoro pokuzvidavirira kwamapurisa, muitiro wokutama, kusaenzana kwezvemari, uye kodzero dzokuvhota kunogona kuvakirwa mukunzwisisa kuti idzi nhau dzakakurukurwa sei munhau. Zvirongwa zvokudzidza basa, kuronga kwepwere, uye nhano dzevadzidzi dzinogona kugovera ruzivo runoshanda mukuvimbisana kwehurumende uye kutsigira kukurukurirana kwokuzarura nhau dzenharo. Zvikoro zvinosimudzira kurukurirano pamusoro penhau dzenharo zvinogona kuparira mhoteredzo umo vadzidzi vanogona kutanga mirangariro yavo vamene ndokudzidza kubatanidzwa nemirangariro yakasiana - siana munzira dzinovaka.

Kusimudzira kunzwira urombo nokunzwisisa pakati pavadzidzi vanobva mumigariro yakasiana - siana kunowedzera mhoteredzo inobatanidza zvakawanda. Kugadzikisa kwedzidzo kunosimbisa kuva nemirangariro, tsitsi dzenhau, uye tapuro dzavanhu dzemiitiro nemiitiro zvinogona kubetsera vadzidzi kukudziridza nzwisiso huru yekusaenzana uye kusaruramisira. Facing History naUTY isangano rinopa vadzidzi mitoo yezvisakiso kuti vashandise nhau dzenhau kunzvera nhau dzefungira mano akaipa, rusaruro, uye chisarudzo chetsika. Kupfurikidza nokudzidzisa zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi pamusoro penhau nechinhu chaichoicho chinopfuurira chekodzero dzavagari vemo, tinogona kunyandura kufambira mberi kuuwaro neruramisiro.

Kushanda kweNational LGBTQ+ Task Force kunotambanukira kupfuura dzidzo yetsika kupfurikidza nokuronga nzanga, chiito chapamutemo, uye kuvimbisana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Masangano akadai seAmerican Civil Liberation Union, NAACP Legin Defense and Educational Fund, uye National LGBTQ+ Task Force basa rokudzivirira nokuwedzera maruramiro enzanga kupfurikidza nokuisa zivo yenzanga, kusimudzira, uye dzidzo yavose. Masangano eGrosroot panzvimbo yenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo akadai sokuzvidavirira kwamapurisa, rusaruraganda, uye ruramisiro yemhoteredzo. Mubatanidzwa wedzidzo nekodzero yenzanga unoita simba guru rechinjo yenzanga, kubatanidza vanhu vamwe navamwe namanokwaradzirwo vanofanira kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira mumasangano ehurumende yehurumende uye kuva namasangano anozvidavirira nokuda kwokutsigira maruramiro ehurumende.

Rwendo Runopfuurira

Kushanduka - shanduka kwekodzero dzevanhu muUnited States rwendo runopfuurira runoratidzirwa nokukunda uye zvinetso. Kubva kuBumbiro remitemo kusvikira kumasangano azvino uno, kurwira kuenzana kunopfuurira kuumba rudzi munzira dzakadzama. Kufamba kwenhau hakuchinji kururamisiro pachakwo; kunoda nhamburiko inopfuurira, kuzvipira, uye kurongeka nezvizvarwa zvevatsigiri vanozvipira kupfungwa yokuti vanhu vose vakafanirwa nekodzero dzakafanana nechiremera pasi pomutemo. Kunzwisisa nhau yekodzero dzevanhu kunokosha nokuda kwefambiro mberi yomunguva yemberi, sezvo inozivisa zvose zviri zviviri zvirongwa zvakashanda uye mhinganidzo dzinopfuurira.

Kuzvidzora nedzidzo zvinoramba zvakakosha mukugadzirisa nhau dzekodzero dzevanhu dzazvino uno. Kukunda kwepamutemo kwemunguva yakapfuura kunogovera zvishandiso zvinokosha zvokuva mutevedzeri wekodzero dzevanhu, asi hazvisi zvokuzviuraya. Kungwarira kunodikanwa kudzivirira nokushandisa kodzero dziripo, uye nzira itsva dzinodiwa kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakadai sezvakavanzika zvemageni, kusarura miraundi, uye kuderera kwetsika dzechidhimoni. Kurwira kodzero dzevanhu nguva dzose kwave kuri kwechizvarwa chakasiyana, uye chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuwana nzira yacho yokutsigira nayo kurwisanya. Kurwira kwekare kwakaregwa kwekare kunokurudzira zvizvarwa zvitsva nokuda kweruramisiro nokuenzana, zvichigovera zvose zviri zviviri muenzaniso wokuronga uye chiyeuchidzo chemari chinobatanidzwa.

Sezvatinorangarira parwendo urwu, kwakajeka kuti kuronda kodzero dzavagari vemo hakusati kuri kungova nhauro yenhau chete asi kuraira chiito nokuda kwavagari vose. Basa rokuvaka nzanga yakarurama zvikuru uye inowirirana rinoda kupfuurira kuwirirana pamwero uri wose, kuvambira pamasangano omunhu oga nenzanga kusvikira kunharo dzezvamatongerwe enyika. American Liberties Union uye NAACP] NaCP Confense Defense Fund [ inopfuurira kuva masangano anokosha mubasa rino, kugovera unyanzvi hwapamutemo neadhikitiro pamhaka dzekodzero dzavagari vemo. Kushanduka kwavagari vemo hakusi mutsetse asi kupfuurira kupfuurira, uye kuzvipira kupfurikidza nokuzviito zvechibvumirano.

Nguva yemberi yamaruramiro avagari vemo ichatsamira pakuti tichaita sei kuzvinetso zvazvino, kubatanidza kusaenzana kwemari kuri kuwedzera, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kuchinja kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, uye denho pamasangano ehurumende yehurumende. Idzi denho dzinobatanidzwa, uye kuataura nenzira inobudirira kuchada chiono chakafara chamaruramiro avagari vemo ayo anobatanidza nzanga, upfumi, uye ruramisiro yemhoteredzo. Masangano enguva yakapfuura achatidzidzisa kuti chinjo inobvira apo vanhu vanoronga, vanovaka chinzwano, uye vanopfuurira mukutarisana nechishoro. Nhau yekodzero dzavagari vemo muAmerica ibvumirano yesimba ravanhuwo zvavo rokuita chinjo yechienzi, uye chiyeuchidzo chokuti kurwisana kweruramisiro kunoitwa zvose zviri zviviri hakuperi.