Gadziriro yedzidzo muUnited States idimbu remitoro inopfuudzwa pakati pehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzehurumende, uye dzehurumende. Mwero mumwe nomumwe unoshandisa masimba akasiyana- siyana(kuvambira pamabasa echikoro ezuva nezuva kusvikira kupurogiramu dzokupa mari munyika yose(fino) asi zviito zvawo zvinofanira kuwiriraniswa kuumba mhoteredzo dzokudzidza dzinowirirana. Kunzwisisa kuti izvi zvikamu zvinoratidzira sei zvose zviri zviviri simba nemhetezo yedzidzo yeAmerica. Nyaya inonzvera mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika yemaruwa, shaya dzemitemo, uye masangano ehurumende anoumba dzidzo, zvichikwevera pafundo dzenhau dzakakodhekisi namashoko kuenzanisira tapuro yezvisarudzo zvavo.

Basa reHurumende Yomunzvimbomo Mudzidzo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo − maruwa ezvikoro namabhodhi edzidzo — zvinotakura mutoro wokutanga wokushandisa dzidzo. Vanopinza vadzidzisi, vanochengeta nzvimbo, vanoisa purogiramu yepashure yehurumende, uye vanotarisira bhajeti. Nemhaka yokuti udzori hwomunzvimbomo igamuchidzanwa rakasimba zvikuru, kunaka kwedzidzo kunogona kusiana zvikuru kubva kune imwe nharaunda kuenda kune inotevera.

Kushandisa Mitero Yezvinhu: Kusaruramisira Kukuru

Chisarudzo chenyika chinovapo ndechenzira yokuwanira mari zvikoro. Inenge 45% yemari yezvikoro zvehurumende inobva kumanyuko omunzvimbomo, mitero yemari, maererano neNational Center for Education Statistics. Ikoku kunoparira kusawirirana kukuru: ruwa rune pfuma yakakwirira inogona kupedza $20 000 pamwana womwana mumwe nomumwe, nepo ruwa rwenyika rwakaderera runodzorwa nemari inokwana $8 000 (Z $8 000). Somuenzaniso, mumusha weCook County County, Illinois, kupedza mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe kubva pa $7 000 000 (Z $30 000) muna 20222000. Uku kusadzikamatsika kwakatungamirira kumatare akawanda anotaura kuti gadziriro yomunzvimbomo inoputsa zvibvumidzo zvemitemo yedzidzo yakaenzana. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita saNew Jersey, dzakaita nokudzorwa kwemiteoreri, asi dzinodzorwa kwomunzvimbomo.

Zvikoro Zvenzanga Nemasangano Okubatanidza

Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzakagamuchira muenzaniso wechikoro chenzanga kuti dzipedze mhinganidzo dzisati dziri dzetsika dzokudzidza. MuCincinnati, Ohio, Community Learning Center vatambi vanoshanda pamwe chete nezvikoro zvine kiriniki dzoutano, vagovereri vendangariro, uye pashure pepurogiramu dzeGisaji. Vadzidzi vanowana nzvero dzemeno, kupa zano, uye kudzidzisa panzvimbo. 2020 yefundo neSchonding yeDzikoro yenzanga dzinobudirira dzinovandudza vapindi uye mwero yokupedza kufunda, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakakwirira. Iyi mitoo inoratidzira kuchinjika kwomunzvimbomo kumabasa okugadzira nzanga kunoda `Zvinhu zvehurumende kana kuti zvirengwe nehurumende kazhinji kazhinji kushai.

Mabhodhi Echikoro: Utongi Hworuzhinji Huri Mubasa Here Kana Kuti Hunoshanda Zvisingashandi?

Masangano ezvikoro zvemomuno anosarudza mitemo inobva pazviri zvinoteverwa kusvika pamasangano evashandi. Mumakore achangopfuura, misangano yavo yazova nzvimbo dzinorwisana nerondedzero yedzinza inotsoropodza, kuisa mabhastiki, uye mabhuku eraibhurari. National Boards Association inoshuma kuti nhengo dzeboka reboka rechikoro dzinotarisana nokunetswa nokutyisidzirwa, zvichiomesa mano adzo okutonga. Asi mabhodhi anongoramba ari nzira yedemokrati yedemokramendi yevabereki nevagari vemo kuti vadzore dzidzo. Somuenzaniso, Los Angeles Agion School Board ichangobva kuvhota kuti ikurumidze mapurisa panzvimbo dzechikoro, kudzosera mari kumabasa outano hwendangariro kunenge isingabviri kusvika pakubudirira pahurumende kana kuti nyika.

Tsika dzeHurumende: Kudzikamisa uye Kururamisira

Nyika dzakagadza gadziriro yapamutemo yedzidzo: dzinorondedzera mazuva akaderera echikoro, zvinodikanwa zvokupedza kufunda, uye magwaro okunyorera mudzidzisi. Dzinopawo zviverengero zvakati kuti zvakati totei ndokuparadzira mari yakawanda kutsiva kusaruramisira kwomunzvimbomo. Mumakumi maviri amakore apfuura, hurumende dzehurumende dzakazvipinza dzimene nenzira inowedzera mukurukurirano dzedzidzo namasangano okuzvidavirira.

Kuedza Kwakakodzera Sechinorambidzwa

Inenge nyika iri yose inoda vadzidzi kunyora bvunzo dzegore negore mukurava uye masvomhu, zvikurukuru mumagiredhi 388 uye kamwe chete muchikoro chapamusoro. Iyi nzvero inosarudza mirau yechikoro, inopesvedzera mudzidzisi, uye, mune dzimwe nyika, inotapura kukwanisa kupedza kufunda. Mupasi pehurumende All Students Refieds Active Act (SA), inotaura kuronga kwavo vamene kuongorora nokuzvidavirira. Somuenzaniso, Texas inoshandisa Hurumende yeTexassion of Texas Assessic Reairence, uye yakatsoropodza kurairidza mirayiridzo mishoma. Nhaunda yeNew Hampre yakakwikwidza kunzvera, PCE, kuti itsamite mabasa omunzvimbomo. Vability inoratidzira sei zvimwe dzvinyiriro yemiedzo yezvokuedza.

Hurumende Inotsigira Mafomu: Pakati Pekusasarurana Nematongerwe Enyika

Kuderedza kutsamira pamitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, nyika zhinjisa dzinoshandisa nzira dzokuwedzera dzinogovera mari kumaruwa ane urombo hwakakwirira kana kuti zvinodikanwa chaizvo. California Control Control Funding Formula (LCF), yakagadzirwa muna 2013, muenzaniso wakatanhamara. Inoronga mari yokuwedzera kumaruwa ane vadzidzi veEngland, inowana vadzidzi vashoma, uye pwere dzinowedzera. Maruwa anofanira kutanga Control yeLocal Control neAccountable Plan (LAP) inoronga kupedza zvinhu. Kunzvera kwokutanga kuwanikwa neFOCP kunowedzera mari yakawedzera nokupedza mari ne 10 pa10% paavhareji uye kupfiga pakati pemaruwa akakwirira. Zvisinei, maruwa akapfumba ezvirongwa akapfuma kunguva ino anongova nenzvimbo dzapa purofiti.

Mudzidzisi Anotendera uye Nzira

Nyika dzakagadza zvikwaniriso zviduku nokuda kwavadzidzisi, kubatanidza madhigirii edzidzo, kupedzwa kwepurogiramu yakatenderwa, uye kupfuudza makumi ebvunzo. Mukupindura nokuda kweperevedzo, nyika dzakawanda dzakagadzira nzira dzekuwedzera. Somuenzaniso, Arizona inobvumira vanhu vane dhigirii repeji repeni uye giredhi rinopfuura pamusoro penhau inonyorwa kuti vadzidzise pasina kupedza purogiramu yedzidzo yegamuchidzanwa. Mushumo 2021 kubva kuSound Commission of the State unowana kuti 39 zvino anopa chimiro chakati chechimbichimbichi chechimbichi. Nepo izvi zvichiwedzera dhigirimu pamusoro pechikamu chakagadzirirwa uye kuyeuka. Kunzvera kubva kuSwe Searikiomite Institute kunokarakadza kuti vadzidzi vanopinda nomunzira dzetsika dzinotsiva vanowana kuti vambova vanobva mumigwagwa inowana mumishanu.

Kubatanidzwa Kwehurumende: Pesvedzero Isina Kudzorwa

Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari isingasviki 10% yevoruzhinji yeKî12 asi inoshandisa pesvedzero yakati mumigariro yakabatanidzwa nemari iyoyo. Mitemo yeFederal inodzivirirawo maruramiro avadzidzi nourema uye kodzero dzavagari vemo dzokushandisa. Dhipatimendi reDzidzo reU.S. rinosungisa iyi mirau, nepo Purezidhendi neCongress vachiisa zvinhu zvikuru zvokutanga kupfurikidza nomutemo.

Kurega Kusiya Mwana Woga Woga Ndokudzidza Kunobudirira

Child Child Child Led Behind Act ya2002 yaida kuti nyika dziedze vadzidzi vose gore negore, dzibudise mashoko eboka, uye dzitsive muzvikoro zvakaderera. Kunyange zvazvo zvakaitirwa kuvanza mipata yokubudirira, zvakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwematanho okuranga ayo akatetepa echikoro. Muna 2015, Mudzidzi ari wose Wese Wedfieds Facect Act (ESSA)[[FL:1] aitsiva NCLB, achipa kuchinjika zvikuru: vaigona kuronga gadziriro dzavo vamene dzokuzvidavirira, uye kusarudza kupindira. Somuenzaniso, Virginia akashandisa matepindudziko echikoro uye kubvisa kunzvera kwechigare pamwe chete. Mutemo unorambidzawo hurumende kubva pamipimo yapamberi kana kuti mudzidzisi, hurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Musoro Wenhau I: Kuda Kuwana Zviwanikwa Kuvadzidzi Vasina Kubudirira

Mutevedzeri I weElementary and Secondary Education Act inogovera mari yokuwedzera kuzvikoro zvine nhamba huru yavadzidzi vanobva mumhuri dzakaderera dzinowana. Mugore ra2023, purogiramu inoparadzira inenge mabhiriyoni $16 emadhora. Zvikoro zvinoshandisa mari iyi nokuda kwemakirasi maduku, tsigiro inorayiridza, uye pashure pepurogiramu dzeMitemo yeBhomwe yeHurumende. Zvisinei, mushumo 2021 weHurumende yeMariti I zvichiri kurwisa kukwezva vadzidzisi vanobudirira zvikuru nemhaka yenzvimbo nemitengo. Mitero yemitero yezvinhu yomunzvimbomo inogadzirwa inongodzorwa bedzi neyamuyamubatanidzwa, iyo isina kumbova huru zvakakwana kupedza mari yakawanda kudarika nharaunda dzose.

Dzidzo Yepamusoro: Vatengesi Neyamuro Yevadzidzi

Kubatanidzwa kweFederal kunotambanuka kupfuura KÍ12. Pell Grants , yakatangwa muna 1972, inogovera yamuro yakavakirwa paipo kuti vadzidzi vekoreji vawane. Muna 202223, mari yakawandisa yaireva $6,895 yemari inotengwa yavose yegore negore. Hurumende inodzosawo zvikwereti zvavadzidzi, zvino mari inokwana $7,7, 000 000. Chinjo dzemisitirimu yazvino uno (5,5) sewedzero yeSangano rePUS, Loan Rehostrurence, asi mari inoramba iri njodzi yenyika. Basa rehurumende mudzidzo yakakwirira nokudaro rinodikanwa uye rinogadziridza mari yamamirioni amamirioni.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Kupindira Kunoita Matanho

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo inoratidzira kuti mitemo yomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye yehurumende inosangana sei — kana kuti kurwisana kwepasi pano — kuti ipe miuyo yedzidzo.

Chicago Zvikoro Zvoruzhinji: Kudzora Kwomunzvimbomo Kunosangana NeHurumende Nedzvinyiriro Yamagariro

Dare rechikoro reChicago rinogadzwa nameya (kunyange zvazvo boka rakasarudzwa riri kuiswa muruvara). Ruwa rwacho rwave ruchitanga zvikwata zvenzanga zvinobatanidza rema1966, kukudzwa kwedzidzo yepakuvamba youhwana, uye kukwidziridza mwero yokupedza kufunda kubva pa 56% muna 2010 kusvika ku80% muna 2022. Kunyange zvakadaro runoramba rwuri pasi pekurinda kweIllinois State Board of Education, iyo inoraira kuchinja gadziriro dzezvikoro zvinobudirira zvakaderera. Federal Tit I mari inotsigira zvikoro zvakakwirira zvine makore makumi matatu. Kudzoserana kunoratidza kuti mitemo yehurumende inogona sei kusunda maruwa omunzvimbomo kugadzirisonjo dzakati dzakati, nepose mari dzehurumende dzinogovera mari dziri madikanwa asi dzisingaringani.

Dare Rokudzora RokuCalifornia: A StateÍLED Equity Exture Est

Sezvacherekedzwa, LCFF inopa mwero yamaruwa kuchinjika asi inoda LCAP idzo dzinofanira kutenderwa nedare rechikoro romunzvimbomo. Hurumende inonzverawo kana mari yokuwedzera ichisvika vadzidzi vakarongerwa. 2023 nzvero neAmerican Institutes for Research yakawana kuti LCFF yakavandudza mwero yerejiri pakati pavadzidzi vanotambura ne 8%. Zvisinei, kushambadza kunochinja: mamwe maruwa akapa mibhadharo kuvadzidzisi vose pasina kuronga kuva nezvikoro zvinokwirira zvikuru, kubvisa muuyo wezvikoro. Iyi inoratidzira kuti kuvandudziko yehurumende inogona kubudirira bedzi kana kudzora kwomunzvimbomo kuwiriraniswa nevavariro dzakwo.

VaPell Grant: Aid neMasiano Ehurumende

Pell Grants anobviswa neBato reDzidzo reU.S. asi tapuro yavo inotsamira pamiitiro yenyika. Somuenzaniso, purogiramu yeCal Grant yeCalifornia Pell yevadzidzi vakaderera vanotakurwa, nepo nyika dzakadai seFlorida neTexas dzinopa yamuro shoma zvikuru yoruwa. Mudzidzi muMiami angagamuchira Pell Grant pamwe chete newedzedzero duku yehurumende. Mitemo yehurumende inoshandawo nezvinodikanwa zvokugara uye zviteshi zvemiteshi. Iyi inoreva kuti vadzidzi vaviri vane mari yemhuri dzakafanana vangatarisana nemhindu yapakoreji yakasiana zvikuru inotsamira pamitengo yenyika yavo.

Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichingoramba Zvichinetsa Kune Zviremera Zvehurumende

Pasinei nokuchinja zvinhu, zvinetso zvakawanda zvokugadzira zvinhu zvinotambudza gadziriro yedzidzo yeAmerica, zvakawanda zvichibva pakukamukana kwokutonga.

Kushandisa Kusaruramisira uye Misiyano Yepfuma

Kutsamira pamitero yomunzvimbomo kunoramba kuri manyuko makurusa okusaenzana. Kunyange nemhedziso dzehurumende nemhedziso dzehurumende, maruwa akapfuma zvikurusa anopedza inenge mari yakapetwa kaviri kupfuura mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe savarombo zvikuru, mukuwirirana nomushumo 2022 kubva kuEd Builda. Ikoku kunoshandura kuva musiyano mumitero yavadzidzisi, ukuru hweboka, ruzivo rwamabasa, uye zvishandiso. Somuenzaniso, muPennsylvania, dare rapamusoro rehurumende rakaraira gadziriro itsva yemari inopindwa mari muna 2023, kutonga kuti miitiro yazvino unopunza murairo wenyika. Bva chibvumirano cheT chinopfuurira, chinosiya maruwa omunzvimbomo kuti atakura mutoro.

Kusashanda Kwemitemo uye Kushandira Pamwe

Zvikoro zvinofanira kushandisa misiyano yemirau inobva mumitengo mitatu yose. Kunzvera kwa 2021 kwakaitwa neKaiser Family Foundation kwakawana kuti vatungamiriri vezvikoro vanofanira kupedza 20% yenguva yavo pamapepa anoteererwa (nguva ingagona kushandiswa nokuda kwokurayiridza. Kuchinja kwemitemo kwehurumende nguva dzose (muremo, NCLB to ESSA) uye muitiro wehurumende unochinja kuparira kusagadzikana. Somuenzaniso, apo nyika dzinogamuchira mipimo mitsva yesayenzi, maruwa anofanira kutenga mabhuku matsva navadzidzisi vanorovedza, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji pasina tsigiro yakazara. Iyi trabyte com ideredza zviito zvinenge zvapamhina.

Dzvinyiriro Inozvidavirira inopesana neDzidzo yeHorest

Kuedza kunoitwa pasi pehurumende nehurumende kunodzidzisa kuedzwa. Kuongorora 2019 kubva kuNational Education Policy Center kwakawana kuti zvikoro zvine gadziriro dzakakwirira dzokuzvidavirira zvakaderedza nguva yokunyora mifananidzo, nziyo, uye nzvimbo dzokurongedza. Nepo gadziriro dzeESSA dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura ino dzinobvumira nyika kubatanidza matanho asingadikanwi, akadai semamiriro okunze echikoro uye kumira kumira, nyika dzakawanda dzave dzichinonoka kuvagamuchira. Vadzidzisi vemo vanowanzonzwa kuti vanodiwa kuti vakudze michina yokuedza uye kudiwa kwokukurudzira kugadzira zvinhu noutano hwepfungwa.

Mupeto: Kumutoo Une Mutoo Une Mutengo

Mienzaniso yakakurukurwa inoratidzira kuti hakuna mwero mumwe wehurumende inogona kugadzira dzidzo yoga. Maruwa omunzvimbomo anoziva nzanga dzawo zvakanakisisa asi anoshaiwa zviwanikwa. Mitengo inogona kugadzira mienzaniso inowirirana yemari asi ingaisa mitemo yakaoma. Hurumende yehurumende inogona kuisa uriri nokuda kwekodzero dzevagari vomunyika ndokugovera yamuro yakarongwa, asi haigoni kutarisira zvikoro zvenzanga. Chicago zvinobudirira zvinoda kugadziriswa: kutsigira mari inoderedza kusawirirana kwenzvimbo dzayo, yamuro yehurumende iyo inoderedza kuwedzerwa panzvimbo pezvitsinhanhanhanhapo, uye kuchinjika kwomunzvimbomo kugadziridza miraswo miraniso kudikaidzo kuidzo kuidzo dzinodikanwa chaidzoidzoidzoidzoidzoidzo. Zviitiko zvinobudirira (# Khalifonia’LCFF, zvikororo zvenzanga zvose zvinopfumisa dzidzo yapamusoro yeUnited States, zvichigona kupfumisa dzidzo yakakwirira.