Kuwandisa kwemotokari kunoramba kuri chimwe chezvinetso zvinopfuurira zvikurusa uye zvinodhura zvakatarisana nenzanga dzomumaguta nemumataundi muUnited States. Maererano ne2023 Urban Mombility Report, kutseredzwa kwemari kunodyira mari inopfuura mabhiriyoni 79 emadhora pagore mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kupambadza mafuta, uye kushandiswa kwemotokari. Madhipatimendi ehurumende okufambisa (DOT) ari kutarisana nenzvimbo dzehondo ino, achishandisa nzira dzakawanda dzemazano okuderedza mitsetse, kuvandudza zvirongwa zvokufambisa, uye kuparira mibatanidzwa yezvokufambisa zvinotsigirwa.

Iyi nzvero yakakudzwa inonzvera nzira dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzehurumende DOT dziri kushandiswa nhasi, inosimbisa mitoo itsva yenguva yemberi, uye kunzvera chiitiko chaichoicho chenyika icho chinoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri fambiro mberi nezvinetso zvinopfuurira.

Misangano Yemakori Yokuderedza Kuungana

Hurumende inoshandisa nzira inobatanidza kugadzirwa kwemarongedzero ezvirongwa, kugadzirwa kwemichina, uye kuchinja magadzirwo. Zvirongwa zvinobudirira zvikurusa zvinobatanidza nzira dzakawanda dzokugadzirisa kukwirira kubva pamaengile akasiyana panguva imwe chete. Pasi apa pane zvikamu zvikuru zvemagadziriro anenge achishandiswa iye zvino.

1. Kukura Nokuita Kuti Vanhu Vakuru Vakurumidze Kuchinja

Kuwedzera simba rokufambisa vanhu nokufukidzwa ndeimwe yenzira dzakananga zvikurusa dzokuderedza nadzo nhamba yemotokari imwe chete mumugwagwa. Hurumende DOT iri kuisa mari mu:

  • Gadziriro dzokufambisa dzinokurumidza dzeBRT [ idzo dzinopa basa rinokurumidza, rakavimbika zvikuru kupfurikidza nenzira dzakatsaurirwa uye nzvimbo yokutanga yechiratidzo.
  • Kuwedzera kwenjanji yechiedza kunobatanidza mashabha anokura namaruwa ebhizimisi nenzvimbo dzemabasa.
  • [[FFL:0] Kuvandudza njanji dzemabhayisitiri kubatanidza kuwanda kwakawedzerwa, magetsi, uye chiteshi chezviteshi zviri nani chokusvikira vanofamba netsoka navanofamba nebhasikoro.
  • Kutanga kwemimiri/kunyepera kweshure zvakadai semicrotranstit, kutasvanisana kwokukwasva, uye zviteshi zvezvikamu zvamabhasikoro zvinoita kuti kufamba kuve kwakakodzera zvikuru.

Somuenzaniso, Washington State Department of Transportation yakashanda nemasangano anobatsira vafambi kuti awedzere chitima cheSound Transit, nechinangwa chokuderedza motokari inofamba makiromita akawanda munzvimbo yeSeattle ne15% panosvika 2035.

2. Kushandisa Kupinza Nokutodza

Kupinza zvinhu mumugwagwa kunoshandisa mibhadharo yakasiyana - siyana kuti vakwanise kudzora kudiwa kwemigwagwa ine vanhu vakawanda munguva dzapamusorosoro.

  • [[[FLT] Ndyiko dzinoda kudzorwa pamugwagwa: Mitengo inochinja munguva chaiyoiyo yakavakirwa pamwero wemotokari kuti ichengete kumhanya kwakasununguka.
  • [[FOL:0] Itsoropodzi: [Ipapo] yakaraira kupinza motokari munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakarongwa, sezvinokarakadzwa muNew York City.
  • Mari inoripirwa yakavakirwa:[[FL:1] Muitiro umo vatyairi vanobhadhara makiromita parwendo rwapamusoro zvikuru, zvino vachitungamirirwa muOregon neCalifornia.

Federal Highway Administration inogovera nhungamiro pamusoro pokuitwa kwokunangidzira kuwanda kwezviitwa . Hurumende DOT inofanira kuyera nokungwarira funganyo dzezvisakafanira, sezvo kuisa paruvara kunogona kutapura zvikuru vatyairi vanowana mari shoma vane zvimwe zvinotsiva zviduku.

3. Kuvaka Kwakaiswa Mirau Nemarasha

Migwagwa yakaiswa mugwagwa nemotokari yakakwirira (HOV) inobatanidza migwagwa yakakwirira, migwagwa yakakwirira yeHov, uye migwagwa inodzorwa nemotokari dzinotsaurirwa kudzosa motokari nevagari vakawanda kana kuti vaya vanoda kubhadhara mari. Iyi mikoto inokurudzira kutakura motokari, kushandisa motokari, uye inogovera jasi rakavimbika rinopfuura kuwanda kwemitengo.

Department of Traffic yeTexas yakagadzira zvikuru nzira dzinotarisirwa muHouston neDallas, ne North Tarrant Express [[[FLT: 1]] inoshanda semuenzaniso wenyika. Betsero huru dzinobatanidza munhu akawedzerwa (kufambisa vanhu vakawanda, kwete motokari dzakawanda) uye mari inogona kutsigira kuvandudza kwokufambisa.

4. Kuwedzera Masangano Okutarisira Zvemotokari Nezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

MaDOT ehurumende ari kugadzira mashoko enguva chaiyo, ungwaru, uye ruzivo rwemotokari kuti zviite kuti kufamba kwemotokari kuve kwakanakisisa uye kuderedza kunonoka. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba izvi zvinosanganisira:

  • Kudzora kwezviratidzo zvemotokari kunogadziridza nguva dzechiratidzo yakavakirwa pamavhoriyamu chaiwoiwo emotokari, kuderedza kumira ndokumirira nguva.
  • Zviratidzo zvemashoko zvinochinja [ zvinogovera nguva chaidzoidzo dzekufamba, zvinoitika, uye rumbidzo dzenzira.
  • Kutarisirwa kwomugwagwa kwakavhengana kunobatanidza zviratidzo, rampmita, uye kufambisa nzvimbo yokutanga mumugwagwa kuti kufamba kwemotokari kupfavise.
  • Miitiro yokuwana yapakarepo inoshandisa makamera netunzwa kuti izive kurova kana kuti motokari dzinovharwa uye vapi vanokurumidza kutumira.

Somuenzaniso, Utah Department of Transportation “Traffic Observations Center” inoshandisa makamera, radar, uye muchina unodzidza kuderedza kukwirira kwezvinhu paWasatch Frost ne12% mumaawa apamusoro, maererano nemishumo yeUDOT.

5. Kusimudzira Zvekufambisa Zvisina Kutsarukana uye Zvinoshingaira

Kukurudzira kufamba, kuchovha bhasikoro, uye mamwe maitiro okushingaira kunoderedza nzendo dzemotokari nokuda kwamadaro mapfupi uye kunovandudza utano hwavanhu. Hurumende DOT iri kugadzira migwagwa yakakwana inokwana vashandisi vose nenzira yakakotsekana. Strategies inobatanidza:

  • Nzira dzebhasikoro dzakadzivirirwa uye nzira dzokutenderera dzakaparadzaniswa nemotokari dzinofamba.
  • [ Kuvandudza kufamba [ namabhiriji anofamba netsoka kuti vavhare mipata musocial.
  • [ goverano yeBike nemigove yezvitima [ kazhinji kazhinji] yakabatanidzwa nemichina yokufambisa.
  • Gadziriro dzenzira dzinosaririra kuenda kuchikoro[ dzinoderedza kuderera kwemotokari.

Colorado Department of Traffation yakagovera anopfuura mamirioni US $400 mugadziriro yayo yemakore gumi achangobva kupfuura nokuda kwegadziriro dzezvirongwa zvevanofamba nebhasikoro, ichinangidzira kukupeta katatu kwenzendo dzinoitwa namaitiro okushingaira panosvika 2040.

Matanho Atsva Nezvirongwa Zvomunguva Yemberi

Kupfuura gadziriro dzakatangwa, maDOT ehurumende ari kunzvera mifungo ingagona kudzokororwazve. Iyi nhano yokutarira mberi inoda kuisa mari inokosha, chinjo dzemirayiridzo, uye kugamuchirwa navanhu, asi anovimbisa kuderera kukuru mukunyanyowanda nokubudiswa kwemvura.

Kupinda Munzvimbo Inozvimirira

Motokari dzakabatanidzwa uye dzinozvitonga (CAVs) dzinogona kuderedza zvikuru kuwanda kwezvinonetsa nokufamba kwemotokari kunotsvedza, kurongedza (mapoka akarongedzerwa zvishoma emotokari), uye kufambisa kunoshanda zvakanaka. Hurumende DOT iri kugadzirira ne:

  • Kubatanidzwa mupurogiramu dzehurumende dzekushandisa ndege dzeCav.
  • Kukwidza zvivako zvomumugwagwa kuti zvitsigire kurukurirano yemotokari (V2I).
  • Mitemo yokuedza nokushandiswa kwezvitundumuseremusere zvinozvitonga neroo-tixis.

Somuenzaniso, Dhipatimendi reFOTS reFlorida riri kutungamirira shangu yeCAV mumigwagwa yapakati penyika yakapoteredza Tampa iyo inoshandisa ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rweV2I kugovera mashoko chaiwoirwo emotokari kumotokari dzakashongedzerwa, kuderedza kuwanda kwemotokari mukati mezvinoitika.

Maawa Ebasa Anochinjika Nokusimudzira Kunonyandura

Kuderedza kudikanwa kweawa yapamusoro kupfurikidza nemitemo yebasa inochinjika kwakawana kuwanda, zvikurukuru pashure pedenda. Hurumende DOT iri kudyidzana navashandirwi ku:

  • Kushanda nesimba kunotangira nguva yokuparadzira zvinhu zvinoda kuwanda kwenguva yakareba.
  • Ita kuti zvinhu zvepamusoro zvive nyore kuvashandi.
  • Kurudzira mazuva okushanda akamanikidzirwa (muchib., mazuva ane 10 eawa).

Kuongorora kwakaitwa neTexas A&M Transportation Institute kwakafungidzira kuti kana 10 muzana yevaifamba muUnited States vakatama kubva pa8:30 AM kusvika pa9:30 AM nguva dzokutanga, kunonoka kwepamusoro kwaizoderedzwa ne17%.

Kumhanya Zvikuru uye Kupindira

Hurumende inoita DOT mukoridho dzine uwandu hwakakwirira hwechiverengero chavagari vemo iri kunzvera njanji yakakwirira (HSR) kugovera imwe nzira yamakwikwi ku kufamba nemotokari refu. Zvirongwa zvinobatanidza kuva negwinyiro reCalifornia (uye nharo) HSR kubatanidza Los Angeles neSan Francisco, uye gadziriro yakakudziridzwa pachivande Brightline West pakati peLas Vegas neSouthern California. Calinia-head Rail Authority [ inoshuma kuti gadziriro ichatakura kusvikira kumamirioni 40 vakwiri vebasa gore negore, ichideredza kumhanya kwemotokari paInterstatesite 5.

Boka-as-a-service (MaaS) Kupinda

MaaS anobatanidza kufambisa, kutasva, goverano yebhasikoro, uye mugove wemotokari muappon imwe neripi rakabatana. Hurumende DOTS iri kutungamirira gadziriro dzeMaaS kuderedza kuva nemotokari uye kukurudzira nzendo dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, Washington State Department of Transports iri kubhadharira mari mutyairi weMaaS muruwa rweSeattle uyo anobatanidza vafambi vose mugadziriro yemari imwe, achivavarira kucheka motokari ne30% mumikoto inoitirwa navose panosvika 2030.

Kuongorora Nyaya Dzokubvisa Chiratidzo

California: Kufambira Mberi Kunokwezva uye Kuparidzwa

California mutungamiriri worudzi mukuedza gadziriro dzokuderedza kuwanda, kunyange zvazvo fambiro mberi yave isina kufanira. Hurumende yakapinza mabhirioni mu:

  • ray yechiedza neBRT zvinofutunurwa namasangano akadai seLos Angeles Metro neSacramento Regional Transit.
  • Mutyairi wendege anofambisa bhazi paInterstate 25 muBay Area (parishi yeI 880) achishandisa mibhadharo inochinja nokuda kwenzira dzinomhanya dzebhazi.
  • Sasai Bill 1 (2017) iyo inogovera mabhiriyoni $54 anopfuura makore gumi nokuda kwevandudziko dzomugwagwa nedzokufambisa, kubatanidza zvirongwa zvokuyamura zvakamonyoroka.

Pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko idzi, kuwanda kwezvirongwa mumaguta makuru kunoramba kuri kukuru nemhaka yokuwedzera kwechiverengero chavagari vemo kunopfuurira uye dzimba shoma pedyo nemabasa.Chinoitika cheCalifornia chinoratidzira kuti kunyange kuisa mari mubhizimisi kwoupengo kunofanira kubatanidzwa nemitemo yokushandisa nyika kuti kuderedze motokari yaifamba makiromita.

Texas: Maraned uye Zvikepe Zvinoshanda Navose

Texas yakagamuchira zvikwata zvavanhu vose zviri voga (maP3) kuti ivake nzira dzinodzorwa. North Tarrant Express muFort Worth neLBJ Express muDallas mienzaniso mikuru. Zvirongwa izvi:

  • Vamwe vanotakura vanhu vanosvika 80% vasingakudziridzi migwagwa yezvinangwa zvavo.
  • Yakapa 40% yemari yakachengetwa yenguva yokufamba nokuda kwezvifambiso nemotokari dzinofamba dzichishandisa mikoto yeHOV yapachena.
  • Mari inogadzirwa kubva mumitengo inodzorwazve mukutarisirwa kwezvifambiso uye kwemugwagwa.

Zvisinei, muenzaniso wacho wakawana kutsoropodza nhau dzekusaita zvokuchinja, sezvo mibhadharo inogona kupfuura $20 mukati menhambo dzepamusorosoro.

Oregon: Mushandiri Fee Pilot

purogiramu yeOregon’s Road Individual Guilce (RUC) ndiyo yokutanga yorudzi rwayo muU.S., inoraira vatyairi $0.018 panzvimbo pemitero yepetureyi. Uku mutoo kwete bedzi kugadziriswa kwemari asiwo unogovera gadziriro yokuminyana kupfurikidza nokuchinjanisa mutengo pajira rimwe nenguva nenzvimbo. Migumisiro yapakuvamba inobva kumutyairi wendege ane 2 000 vatori vepapo inoratidza kuderera kwe 7% mukutyaira kweawa yepamusoro. Depa reOregon reFRAtion rokukudza nyika yose, sezvichazadza panzvimbo zvayo yegadziriro

Matambudziko uye Kufunga Nezvezviito Zvehurumende

Kunzwisisa zvinetso izvi kunokosha pakuronga zvinhu chaizvoizvo uye kuvimbisana munzanga.

Kushandisa Zvandisingakwanisi

Manyuko okushandisa mari dzekokorodzano dzezvokufambisa − gasi, mitero yemotokari, mari inobhadharwa nemotokari, mari yehurumende iri kuderera mumashoko chaiwoiwo. Nyika zhinji dziri kutendeukira kukubhadharisa, kutengesa mitero, uye P3s kuti dziwanire mari mari inoripira mari. Kusafanoziviswa kweiyi hova dzemari inogona kunonotsa kana kuti kudzosa kufambira mberi kwakarongwa.

Chishoro Chezvamatongerwe Enyika Nechavose

Kudzongonyedza, nzira dzinodzorwa, uye mitero mitsva yokutambira zvinowanzotarisana nechishoro chakasimba chinobva kuvatyairi, mabhizimisi, uye vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika vanovarangarira somutoro mutsva. Kurukurirano inobudirira pamusoro pebetsero (mutoo, nzendo dzinokurumidza, kufambira mberi kwemhoteredzo) uye kugadzirwa kwakarongwa kunogona kubetsera, asi chishoro chinoramba chiri mhinganidzo huru. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro yokunyanyoshanda kweNew York yakanonotswa kwamakore nemhaka yedenho dzapamutemo nerwisano dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kukwana Nokuwana

Nzanga dzinowana mari shoma uye vanhu vane ruvara kazhinji kazhinji vanotapurwa nenzira isingaenzaniswi nokuvhengana nokuwandisa nokuomesa zvinhu, sezvo vangashaiwa kuwana nzvimbo dzokufambisa kana kuti dzimba dzinotengeka pedyo nenzvimbo dzebasa. Hurumende DOT inofanira kugadzira mapurogiramu nendangariro yakaenzana, zvakadai sokupa mari inotapurwa kana kuti kugovera chikwereti chemari kuvatyairi vakaderera. Kuvimbisa nzanga mumuitiro wose wokuronga kunokosha kudzivisa kuronga zvinhu zviripo.

Kushandisa Nyika Nokukakavadzana

Kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzinodzorwa (TOD). Kuvaka dzimba dzakawanda, mabasa, uye mabasa panzvimbo dzinotakurwa `ichidimbu chine simba pakuwedzera kwokufambisa. Zvisinei, mitemo yokuvaka inowanzodzivisa kuoma kunodikanwa kweTOD kubasa. Hurumende DOT inofanira kubatira pamwe nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo nemitumbi inoronga kuti iwirirane nokutenga zvinhu.

Kubudirira: Kuongorora uye Kuzvidavirira

Kuyera kushanda kwemagadzirirwo okuderedza kuwanda, maDOT ehurumende anotsamira pasero rezviratidzo zvikuru zvokushanda (KPIS). Izvi zvinosanganisira:

  • [[NHAU]] Travel index yenguva (TTI): reshiyo yenguva yekufamba kwenhambo dzapamusoro dzenguva nenguva nenguva yenzendo dzakasununguka. TTI ye1, inoreva 30% yenzendo refu mukati mechikwikwi.
  • [[FOR:0] Nhamba yavanhu vanofamba nomumukoto paawa, kwete motokari chete.
  • Vehicle makiromita (VMT) pamunhu: Mwero wokutyaira kwakakwana, uyo wakadai seCalifornia uri kuvavarira kuderedza nomutemo (SB743).
  • Mashandiro eTransit anogoverana: Pesenti yenzendo dzinoitwa nokufambiswa kwavose.
  • Pakushanda kwenguva: Nokuda kwamasangano okufambisa, mwero wakakomba woruvimbiko.

Hurumende zhinji dzinobudisa madashboard ebasa egore negore. U.S. Department of Transportation inoitawo miitiro yenyika kupfurikidza nepurogiramu yayo yeMololity System.

Nzira Iri Mberi: Kuwedzera Nokuwedzera

Hapana nzira imwe ichabvisa kuwanda kwemichina. DOTs inobudirira zvikurusa inoziva kuti kuderedza motokari kunoda gadziriro yakabatana yemari, mitemo, uye batira pamwe. Ikoku kunoreva:

  • Kugadzira zvinhu, mugwagwa, uye kuronga nzvimbo pamwero wenharaunda.
  • Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rusina kusimba rwokukwanisa kupedza kudiwa kwenguva chaiyo.
  • Kukurumidza uye kazhinji kukurumidza kutsigira uye kukurukura nyaya dzakakodzera.
  • Kuchengetedza kutsiga, kwakazvitsaurira kutsigira mari kupfurikidza nemitemo kana kuti zvirongwa zvokuvhota.

Sezvo guta rinoramba richigadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuchiita kuti pave nounyanzvi hutsva, madhipatimendi ezvokufambisa ehurumende anofanira kuramba achishanda nesimba, achitsva, uye achiisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru: kufambisa vanhu zvakanaka, zvisina ngozi, uye zvinochengetedza.