Kusarudzwa kwaPuntain Kudini?

Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi inoitwa makore mana ari ose paChipiri chokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Mukati meidzi sarudzo, vavhoti vanosarudza Purezidhendi naMutungamiriri weUnited States kupfurikidza neElectoral College system. Uku kusarudza kunomirira chinoitika chezvamatongerwe enyika chakakwirira zvikurusa munyika, kunobudisa tsinhiro huru dzezvinobudisa nhau, nhimbe hurusarudzo, uye muvhoti mukurusa weboka ripi neripi resarudzo.

Muitiro unotanga kare pamberi peZuva reNzvimbo Dzokusarudza. Kutanga kwamapati makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika kunokwikwidzana musarudzo huru nerusarudzo dzinoitwa munyika imwe neimwe, zvikurukuru kutanga mumwaka wapakuvamba. aya makwikwi anosarudza mubato rimwe nerimwe, uyo ipapo anosarudzwa nenzira yakarongwa pakokorodzano yerudzi muzhizha. Nhimbe yesarudzo inovamba kukura kupfurikidza nokuwa, kubudisa nharo, kushambadza, uye kuwana zvirongwa zvokushambadzira.

Sarudzo yapurezidhendi inosarudzawo udzori hwebazu ravakuru vakuru, iro rinobatanidza White House, masangano ehurumende, uye Kibit. purezidhendi anohwinwa anoronga kurukurirano pamusoro pechengeteko yenyika, muitiro wezvemari, kutarisirwa kwoutano, kutama, uye ukama hwokumwe.

Muitiro weElectoral College

Kusiyana nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzinosarudzwa nehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, United States inoshandisa Electoral College panzvimbo pevhoti yenyika yakakurumbira kuti izive mukundi wesarudzo yapurezidhendi. Nyika imwe neimwe inogamuchira vavhoti vanoverengeka vakaenzana neboka rayo rose (zvigaro zveImba nezvigaro zveDare). Mudaviri anoda mavhoti 270 okuvhota muna 538. Sangano iri inoreva kuti nyika dzinokwikwidza nedzinorwisana dzinowanzogamuchira ngwariro yadzo kubva munhimbe, nepo zvinenge zviri zvitsvuku kana kuti zvigaro zvebhuruuni zvingaona kutsigira kwakananga.

Chii Chiri Kusarudzwa Pakati Penguva?

Sarudzo dzeMicter dzinoitika pakati pechigaro chapurezidhendi chegore mana, nguva dzose dzichiwira pamusi mumwe chetewo sarudzo dzapurezidhendi dzinoita: Chipiri chokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Mukati memitezo yapakati, vhoti vanosarudza mitezo yose 435 yeImba yeVamiririri uye inenge chikamu chimwe chezvigaro zveDare. Mindro inobatanidzawo zvikamu zvakafara zveruwa namadzinza omunzvimbomo, kubatanidza sarudzo dzehurumende muruwa dzakawanda, makwikwikwi ehurumende, mabhirikiti, mabhii emitemo, uye mahofisi eparati.

Zita rokuti "midterm" rinobva panguva: izvi zvisarudzo zvinoitika pakati peshoko rapurezidhendi. Munhau, sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzinoparira muvhoti wakaderera kupfuura sarudzo yapurezidhendi, kazhinji kazhinji nechemberi kwerevo huru. Zvisinei, hazvisi zvimwe zvinotevedzerwa zvishoma nokuda kwekwakananga nyika.

Chii Chiri Pabharati Mumaminiti?

  • Zvigaro zvose 435 zvevamiririri (mashoko ane makore maviri)
  • Chinenge chikamu chimwe chezvigaro zveDare (mashoko amakore matanhatu)
  • Zvikamu 36 zvine sarudzo dzechisarudzo pakati penhambo zhinjisa
  • Marudzi ehurumende okutonga munyika 46
  • Kusarudza kuvhota munyika yose kwakadai sokubvisa pamuviri, kunyoresa mbanje zviri pamutemo, mutemo wemitero, uye kodzero dzokuvhota
  • Mahofisi oruwa neomumanisiparati, kubatanidza vatongi, mitezo yedare rezvikoro, uye meya

Nemhaka yokuti pakati penhambo hadziratidzi nhangemutange yapurezidhendi pamusoro petikiti, muvhoti anowanzochinja ngwariro kunhau dzomunzvimbomo nedzenzvimbo yehurumende. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kunhimbe dzakasiana - siana zvinoshamisa kana dzichienzaniswa namakore apurezidhendi.

Misiyano Mikuru Pakati Pechikamu chaPurezidhendi Nepakati Pechisarudzo

Nepo marudzi ose ari maviri esarudzo achigoverana hwaro humwe chetehwo hwebumbiro remitemo, anosiana munzira dzinoverengeka dzinokosha idzo muvhoti ari wose anofanira kunzwisisa.

Nguva uye Kuramba Vachipfuurira

Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi inoitwa makore mana ari ose pasina kusiiwa. Sarudzo dzeMidters dzinoitikawo makore mana ari ose asi dzinogaroiswa pakati chaipo pesarudzo yapurezidhendi. Ikoku kunoreva kuti mumarusarudzo ose egore maviri, sarudzo yapurezidhendi inoitwa kana kuti zvimwe jastati yepakati penguva. Sarudzo ya 2024 yapurezidhendi, somuenzaniso, ichateverwa nezvisarudzo 2026 zvapakati penhambo.

Hofisi Dzakaedzwa

Musiyano wezvivako uri pachena zvikurusa uri muuri mahofisi ari pavhota. Sarudzo yapurezidhendi inonangidzira ngwariro pabazu guru: vavhoti vanosarudza purezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi uyo achabatira shoko ramakore mana. Midterm, mukupesana, anosimbisa bazu rewisc. Nepo pasina nhangemutange yapurezidhendi iripo pakati penhambo, vavhoti vachiri kuumba dzikamo yesimba muCongress, iyo inotapura zvakananga mano apurezidhendi okuita mutemo.

Mipimo Yokuvheneka

Voter inosiana zvikuru pakati pamarudzi maviri okuvhota. Sarudzo yapurezidhendi inowanzokwezva 60 kusvikira ku 70 muzana yavavhoti vakakodzera. Sarudzo dzeMiterns munhau dzinongowana 40 kusvikira ku 50 muzana bedzi, kunyange zvazvo nhambo dzazvino uno dzakaona wedzero dzine mwero. Somuenzaniso, dare rapurezidhendi ra202020 rakaona inenge 66 muzana yakabuda, nepo 2022 pakati pemitezo yakakweva inenge 46 muzana. Iyi mukaha unoreva kuti pakati penhambo dzapakati penhambo dzinosarudzwa ukombamira kuva dzakura, chechena, uye kuva dzinova dzinotsiva kupfuura vasarutsi vapurezidhendi, izvo zvinogona kuparira marusarudzo anenge 2022222.

Kurwisa Kunoita Kuti Zvinhu Zvive Nesimba uye Zvinobudisa Mashoko

Nhimbe dzaPurezidhendi dzinobatanidza nyika. Nhambe dzinofamba dzichipfuura nyika, dzichizivisa pamibatanidzwa yenyika, uye dzinodzora kufukidzwa kwenhau kwemwedzi. Zviteshi zvenhau zvinopa mikana mikurumbira mizhinji kuti zvipedze nhangemutange yemapikicha, kubatanidza kurukurirano mhenyu, kunzvera, uye mishumo yemunda. Midters, nepo ichiri kufukidzwa zvikuru, inogamuchira zvikuru nguva yemhepo yenyika. Zvinobudisa nhau zvomunharaunda zvinoita basa guru zvikuru, uye vadaviri vanowanzonangi vadzo vanonangidzira ngwariro panhau dzoruwa dzakadai nemigariro yomunzvimbomo yemari, mari yechikoro, kana kuti kuwanikwa kwoutano munzanga dzavo.

Kushandisa Mari Nemari Muhondo

Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi inokwezva zvikuru mari inoshandiswa kupfuura nguva dzapakati, kunyange zvazvo nhepfenyuro yapakati yakawedzera zvikuru munhevedzo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi. Sarudzo yapresidenti 2020 yakaona hwerengedzo yemari inopfuura mabhiriyoni $14 (Z $14 000 000 000), kubatanidza mapoka okunze nePCs huru. 20222, nepo zvichiri zvinodhura, zvakabatanidza hwerengedzo ye $8,9 mabhiriyoni. Mukahahasha unoteverwa unoratidzira mativi makuru nokuoneka kwenhangemupi wedhia purezidhendi, pamwe chete nechiva chikuru chinopa vapa purezidhendi vanogona kuridza.

Kubatanidzwa Muzvisarudzo zvaPrezidhendi

Sarudzo yapurezidhendi inoparira mwero yakakwirira yefariro yomuvhoti nokutora rutivi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Kuzara kwezvinobudisa nhau munhangemutange kunokuita kuve kusingabviri kuvanovhota kudzivisa zviitiko zvenhimbe, nharo, uye kushambadza kunorova vavhoti nemashoko pamusoro pavada kutora uye nzvimbo dzavo. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika namapoka ezvikoro zvehurumende zvinotora mari yakawanda mukunyoresa nokudzorera nhamburiko mukati mamakore oupurezidhendi, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vachitumira vatsigiri vanobhadhadhariswa nemabasa okupinza mashoko akaisvonaka.

Vavhoti vaduku, zvikurukuru, vanoda kuva nenhamba dzakakwirira mukati mesarudzo yapurezidhendi. Sarudzo 2020 yakawana pwere dzinozivikanwa, neinenge 50 muzana yavavhoti vakakodzera vane makore 18-29 okupfura. Uku kuwanda kunokombamira kukuva kwakapinzwa zvikuru munhau dzorudzi sechinjo yomugariro wokunze, chikwereti chavadzidzi, uye ruramisiro yenzanga, izvo zvinodzora hurukuro yenhimberi yapurezidhendi.

Voters vanoshumawo kuti vanonzwa pfungwa yakasimba zvikuru yebasa rehurumende mumakore apurezidhendi. Miti inorangarirwa yakakwirira zvikuru, uye vavhoti vazhinji vanorangarira sarudzo yapurezidhendi sechisarudzo chikurusa chavachaita pabhokisi rebhorati. Uku kunzwisisa, nepo kunonzwisisika, pane dzimwe nguva kunogona kutungamirira kukufuratira madzinza anokosha zvikuru.

Kubatanidzwa Muzvisarudzo Zvenguva

Sarudzo dzeMidters dzinopa nzvimbo yakasiana. Pasina nhangemutange yapurezidhendi pamusoro petikiti, vavhoti vazhinji vanorasikirwa nefariro kana kuti vanokundikana kuziva kuti pakati penhambo dziri kuitika. Mishandirapamwe inofanira kushanda zvakaoma kubata ngwariro, kazhinji kazhinji ichitsamira pakushambadzira kwapasuo, zvinobudisa nhau zvomunzvimbomo, uye kuronga magetsi.

Vavhoti vanosunda pakati penhambo vanowanzova avo vanorangarira zvakasimba pamusoro pebasa rapurezidhendi wazvino. Miters kazhinji kazhinji inobatira senongedzero pautarisiri hwokugara. Vatsigiri vanotendera basa rapurezidhendi vangatanga kutsigira vatendi vebato rapurezidhendi, nepo avo vasingadi vangatanga kuvhota. Iri simba rinogona kuparira miuyo inochinja kuvavarairwa uye kudzorwa kukuru murudzo.

Zvinhu Zvinowedzera Pakati Penguva

  • Mipimo yeroti yakakwirira panhau dzenharo (kodzero dzokubvisa chirango, kunyoreswa pamutemo kwembanje, wedzero dzemari inotambirwa shomanene)
  • Mijaho yemakwikwi munyika huru
  • Kuparadzana kukuru kwenyika nezvinobudisa nhau zvinonangidzira ngwariro panhau chaidzo
  • Kushanda kwakasanogadzirwa namativi ose ari maviri
  • Chinjo kumitemo yokuvhota iyo inowedzera kana kuti inoganhurira kusvika

Pasinei zvapo nokuderera kwose, vavhoti vepakati pezvisarudzo kazhinji kazhinji vanorwisana zvikuru uye vanonyanyisa zvikuru mundangariro. Ikoku kunogona kuparira miuyo isingaratidziri zvinoda ruzhinji zvikuru, zvikurukuru mumaruwa umo sarudzo huru dzinosarudza nenzira inobudirira muwiridziri mukuru.

Tapuro Yezvisarudzo zvaPurezidhendi Panhambo Dzapakati

Kubatana pakati peSarudzo yapurezidhendi nepakati penhambo kwakasanopupurirwa. Munhau, mubato wapurezidhendi unodokurasikirwa nguva dzose nezvigaro muCongress mukati mesarudzo dzenguva yenhambo. Uyu mutoo, unozivikanwa se "chirango chenguva yenhambo yegore," wakaitika munenge nguva dzose kubvira paHondo yevagari vemo. Zvisipo bedzi mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aiva 1998 (Presidenti Bill Clinton's akatora zvigaro) uye 2002 (President George W. Bush'ss akawanwa zvigaro pashure pokudenha kwaSeptember 11).

Tsananguro dzinoverengeka dziripo nokuda kwechirango chenhambo yapakati. Vatsigiri vangaodzwa mwoyo nebasa rapurezidhendi pashure pamakore maviri muhofisi. Vavhoti vanoshora kazhinji kazhinji vanosundwa zvikuru kutumira shoko. Uye boka rapurezidhendi ringarwisa kuunganidza vatsigiri varo amene pasina mufaro mukuru wapamberi pebazu unogovera.

Ukuru hwechirango chenguva yepakati pechirango hunogona kusiana zvikuru. Muna 2010, Purezidhendi Barack Obama's Democrates akarasikirwa nezvigaro 63 zveImba uye zvigaro zvitanhatu zveDare muzvigaro zvitanhatu muvhozho zvinodzorwa nechishoro cheAffordic Care Act nesangano reTea Party. Muna 2018, Purezidhendi Donald Trump's Republicans akarasikirwa nezvigaro 41 zveImbaro pakanga pane zvigaro zviviri zveDare, saDemocrates parican napavofuted. Mitengwa 20222 yapakati yakaona Prezidenti Joe Biden's Democrates achirasikirwa neImbavhuro asi akabata Dare redare, chiratina chirango chinyoro zvikuru nemitemo yenhau.

Kutapura Kunoita Masangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Ave Makuru

Micters migumisiro inoumbawo sarudzo yapurezidhendi inotevera. Kushanda nesimba pakati penhambo kunogona kuvaka simba nokuda kwebato rinohwina ndokubetsera kunyoresa vatsvaki vakuru nokuda kwenhambo inotevera. Nenzira yakapesana, fungu repakati penhambo rinorwisana napurezidhendi rinogona kunetesa chimiro chavo chezvamatongerwe enyika ndokuomesa magariro avo ewirirano. Zhezha ra2010 rapakati pomubatanidzwa wehurumende, somuenzaniso, rinogadza nzvimbo nokuda kwesarudzo yapurezidhendi 2012 kupfurikidza nokupa Republicans udzo hweImba uye kuvabvumira kuumba gakava renyika yose patsikano patsika.

Nyika Nemakwikwi Omunzvimbomo: Masangano Akavanzika

Rimwe ramativi anofuratirwa zvikurusa ezvose zviri zviviri sarudzo dzapurezidhendi napakati penhambo ndiukoshi hwemitero yakaderera. Nepo sarudzo yapurezidhendi inodzora nhau, vavhoti musarudzo dzimwe chetedzo vanosarudzawo madzinza ehurumende, makwikwi okutonga, zvigaro zvenzvimbo dzamaruwa, uye zvigaro zvokuvhota. Aya marudzi ane miuyo mikuru nokuda kwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavanhu, inotapura mitero yezvinhu, mari yechikoro, mapurisa, utano hwavanhu, uye kodzero dzokuvhotera.

Pakati penhambo, madzinza enzvimbo dzapakati penyika anowanzogamuchira ngwariro huru nemhaka bedzi yokuti ane mugove mukuru wechisarudzo. Nyika zhinji dzinoita sarudzo dzechitubernaria pakati pamakore, uye aya marudzi anogona kusarudza kudzorwa kwomuitiro wokuwedzera, muitiro wedzidzo, uye wezvoutano. 2022 minutes, somuenzaniso, dzakaratidzira makwikwi egubernator muArizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, uye Wisconsian, zvose zvaiva netapuro dzinokosha nokuda kwokuvhota uye maruramiro okubvisa pamuviri.

Matanho Ebharuti Nehurumende Yakananga

Mipimo yeBallot inobvumira vavhoti kuisa zvakananga kana kuti kuramba mitemo, kudarika masangano ehurumende. Iyi mipimo inooneka pazvose zviri zviviri zvemapurezidhendi nepakati pemitengo, asi vanowanzotyaira vakwiri vakakwirira pakati pemijaho apo nhangemutange yapurezidhendi inenge isipo. Muna 2022, vavhoti munyika shanu vakasarudza pamatanho okubvisa pamuviri aibatanidzwa nokutevera zvisarudzo zveDare reSupreme Court's Dobbs, izvo zvakatendeutsa Roe v. Michigan, California, uye Vermont vai vhotera kodzero dzekubvisa pamuviri mumirayiro yavo yehurumende, neKentucky Cansas varamba zvitedzo zvinodzivisa kubvisa mimba. Izvi zvakabudisa pachena ndokuumba mhoteredzo yose.

Nenzira yakafanana, matanho okunyoresa marijuana akabuda pamavhoti ose ari maviri. Colorado neWashington vanonyoresa mbanje yevaraidzo muna 2012 (gore rapurezidhendi), nepo nyika dzakafanana neMontana, New Jersey, uye South Dakota dzakatevera muna 2020 ne2022. Kushandiswa kunowedzera kwemipimo yebholoti kunoratidza kuda kwevavhoti kubvisa mhete yemakwikwidzano enharo.

Nzira Yokugadzirira Nayo Rudzi Rwoga Rwoga Rwokusarudza

Vachifunga kusiyana kwakaita kusarudza kwapurezidhendi nokwapakati penhambo, vavhoti vanofanira kutora nhambo imwe neimwe nenzira yakasiyana.

Kugadzirira Kusarudzwa KwaPurezidhendi

  • Nzvera vapamberi vebato guru nemitemo yavo panhau huru dzenyika
  • Nzwisisa Electoral College uye kuti vhoti dzehurumende yako dzinopiwa sei
  • Dzidza nezvebasa guru rapurezidhendi uye nzira yokutumira nayo vafundisi
  • Ronga muchikamu chikuru chehurumende yako kuti utaure kuti ndiani anova mutungamiriri
  • Ngwarira zvisarudzo zvomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, sezvo kazhinji kazhinji vanoratidzira zvinhu zvinokosha
  • Nzvera kuderedza mapoka ezvibharo kunyange mugore rapurezidhendi; aya madzinza ane basa rakafanana

Kugadzirira Kusarudza

  • Ziva kuti ndiani ari kukumiririra muDare uye musangano wehurumende nhasi
  • Dzidza kuti hurumende yeCongress nehurumende yehurumende yazvino yakaita sei panhau dzamune hanya nadzo
  • Fundodzira vanoda kufunda papepa rako rokuvhota, zvikurukuru nokuda kweImba, Dare, uye madzinza enzvimbo yehurumende
  • Tarisa uone kuenzana kwemapepa okuvhota achaoneka mumugariro wako uye kunzwisisa zvaanoreva
  • Nzvera mugariro wako wokunyoresa pamberi pesarudzo, sezvo mitemo ingasiana namakore apurezidhendi
  • Wana nzvimbo yako yokuvhota uye nzwisisa kuvhota kwokutanga kwehurumende yako netsamba dzokuvhota

Chikonzero Nei Kusarudza Kwose Kuri Kukosha

Kunoedza kurangarira sarudzo dzapurezidhendi sechinoitika chikuru nenhambo dzapakati semakwikwi akaderera, asi uyu murangariro unofuratira kuti nhambo dzapakati dzine simba rakawanda sei zvomenemene. purezidhendi angagadza purogiramu yenyika, asi Congress anodzora nhepfenyuro dzezvikwama, anosimbisa vatongi navanyori veKemishinari, uye anogona kutanga nzvero. Purezidhendi asina Dare rinotsigira anogona kuita zvishomanene zvikuru, sezvo digricklock ichiva rutivi runodzora.

Sarudzo dzeMidter dzinosarudzawo kudzorwa kwehurumende dzenyika, idzo dzakakura kuva nesimba zvikuru munguva yehurumende. Hurumende dzinodzora kudzorwa kwemibatanidzwa, iyo inoumba mepu dzesangano kwegumi ramakore rinotevera. matare ehurumende anodudzira mabumbiro emitemo. uye magavhuna anoshandisa simba pamusoro pomutemo unotapura mamirioni avanhu. Mukupfupikisa, miuyo yapakati penhambo dzenguva inogona kugara kure zvikuru kupfuura nhambo yamakore maviri yenhengo yeNzvizvarwa zveImba.

Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi, yakagadzirira rudzi rwacho, ndokusarudza kuti ndiani anotungamirira bazi guru. Purezidhendi anoraira kuti varwi vatungamirire, vanotaurirana, vanogadza matare eDare Rapamusoro, uye vanogadza mutemo wokutonga muhurumende yehurumende. Mapango acho makuru, kuri kuti nei kuvhota kuri kukurusa muidzi nhevedzano.

Pamwe chete, sarudzo dzapurezidhendi napakati penhambo dzinoumba nhevedzano inopfuurira yokuzvidavirira. Voter vane banza makore maviri ari ose okutusa kana kuti kuranga vamiriri vavo, uye makore mana ari ose okusarudza nhungamiro itsva nokuda kwenyika. Kunzwisisa kuti iyi sarudzo inosiana sei, uye chiri mungozi muimwe neimwe, inhano yokutanga yokuva mugari wemo anoziviswa zvikuru uye akapikirwa.

Nokuda kwokunyudza kukuru mumidziyo yeSarudzo nemiitiro yenhau, zviwanikwa zvakafanana ne Fairvote inopa kunzvera kwakaisvonaka pamipimo yokupinda nokuchinja kwemivhoti. National Conference of State Legislatures inochengeta nhungamiro dzakajeka pamatanho ebhora nemitemo yesarudzo. Uye PREW] Pew Research Center [ inogovera kunzvera kwapamutemo pamafungiro ehurumende nomufambiro zviri mumativi evhotera.

Pakupedzisira, marudzi ose ari maviri esarudzo anopa vavhoti banza rokuumba nhungamiro yenzanga dzavo, nyika dzavo, uye nyika yavo. Kuratidzira nokuda kwamakore ose ari maviri, panzvimbo pemakore akakwirira edare rapurezidhendi, kunosimbisa kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwa apo zvisarudzo zvinoitwa pamwero uri wose wehurumende.