Masimba Ehurumende Akasiyana - siyana

Mitemo yehurumende inoumba mavambo okutonga kwezuva nezuva muUnited States, inobata anenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu kubva mukirasi kuenda mumugwagwa mukuru. Nepo hurumende yehurumende inobata dziviriro yorudzi, kutama, uye kutengeserana kwepakati penyika, Tenth Amendment inochengeta rudungwe rukuru rwesimba kunzvimbo. Uku kupesana kunoparira basa rakati remiraudzo inosiana zvikuru mumativi enyika. Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende dzinoshandisa sei chiremera chadzo kunokosha nokuda kwavagari vanotsvaka maruramiro avo, misengwa, uye mikana. Nyaya inonzvera mienzaniso chaiyo yemitemo yehurumende munharaunda dzinokosha uye kutsanangura kuti izvi zvinoitika zvezuva nezuva zvinoumba sei.

Mitemo Yedzidzo

Dzidzo ndeimwe yenharaunda dzinokosha zvikurusa dzokudzora kwehurumende. mutezo wehurumende mumwe nomumwe unoronga mipimo yezvidzidzo, unosarudza nzira dzokushandisa nadzo mari, uye unotanga zvinodikanwa zvokupa magwaro etsamba kumudzidzisi. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinogona kupesvedzera zvikuru kunaka nezviri mukati medzidzo yavose.

Gadziriro Nemipimo

Mitemo inogamuchira mipimo yayo vamene yedzidzo nokuda kwenhau dzakadai senhamba, sayenzi, uye nhau. Somuenzaniso, Texas neCalifornia yakapesvedzera nemhaka yokuti vanotenga mavhoriyamu makuru emabhuku. Mutemo weTexas unoda kuti mabhuku anoshandiswa ave nenhau iripo nenzira yokuti “vagari vomunyika ino" uye“ vapatrianism,” izvo zvakatungamirira kukurukurirano pamusoro perondedzero yezvinoitika zvakati zvenhau. Munguva ino, anotaura saFlorida akaisa mitemo inoratidzira kuti misoro yedzinza nevatano ingadzidziswa sei mumakirasi, ichitapura gadziriro dzefundo nezvishandiso zverabhurari.

Kutsigira Kudzidza

Mari yechikoro ndiimwe nzvimbo umo nhau dzehurumende. Nyika zhinji dzinovimba nemubatanidzwa wemitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo nemari yehurumende. Zvisinei, kusiyana mupfuma yomunzvimbomo kwakatungamirira kukwirirana mumitengo yakadai seNew York neCalifornia, umo matare akatonga kuti gadziriro yokutsigira mari yakaputsa zvibvumikiso zvemitemo yedzidzo yakaenzana. Mumhinduro, dzimwe nyika dzakashandisa nzira dzinoshandiswa kutsigira mari inopa mari yakawanda kumaruwa anoshanda pasi kana kuti vadzidzi vemitauro yeEngland.

Zvikoro Zvechati Nechisarudzo cheChikoro

Mitemo yehurumende inodzorawo kusikwa nokutarisirwa kwezvikoro zvedhipatimendi. Arizona ine mumwe wemitemo mikuru yedhipatimendi rechikoro, ichibvumira masangano kuzarura zvikoro nemirau mishoma.

Mitemo Yezvokufambisa

Kutyaira motokari kunounza kurukurirano nemitemo yehurumende.

Kadhisi Remutyairi Nokunyoresa Kwake

Hurumende yose inonyora marezenisi ayo amene okutyaira nerezenisi remotokari.States dzinogadzawo zvinodikanwa zvokuwana rezinesi: vamwe vanobvumira vachiri kuyaruka kuwana mvumo pazera ramakore 14, nepo vamwe vakamirira kusvikira pa 16. Hurumende shomanene, dzakadai seNew York neCalifornia, dzinoda kunyora uye kuedza mumugwagwa nokuda kwokumutsidzira marezenisi avo pashure pezera rakati.

Mitemo Yokudzivirira

Mitemo yeseltbelt inosiana zvikuru. MuNew Hampshire, vakuru vane makore 18 havadikanwi nomutemo kupfeka chigaro, kuchiiita nyika bedzi isina mutemo mukuru wezvigaro zvavakuru. Mukupesana, nyika dzakadzika seAlabama naMississippi dzine mitemo inodzika mitemo, inobvumira mapurisa kumisa motokari nokuda kwokuputswa kwezvigaro. Iyi misiyano inobatana nemitengo inopesana yetsaona yemotokari.

Kutyaira Kwakavhiringidzika

Mitemo yokutyaira yakasiyana - siyana.

DUI Nemotokari Dzisina Kufamba

Mitemo yokutyaira yakarasika inoisa mhatsa yetsika. Nepo nyika dzose dzinoisa muganhu wezviri mukati meropa zvinodhaka pa0.08%%, zvirango zvinosiana. Georgia inoisa nguva yejeri inomanikidzirwa nokuda kwavatadzi venguva yokutanga vane bhaC rakakwirira, nepo California ichipa zvirongwa zvevaraidzo nokuda kwokuvakwa nevanopara mhosva vokutanga. Mitezo yakadai seArizona neUtah ine mitemo yorumano zvikuru, Utah ichideredza muganhu kusvikira ku 0,05% muna 201818, muitiro wakanyandura kurukurirano yenyika.

Kutarisira Utano

Kubva pazvinorayirwa neinishuwarenzi kumamiriro ezvinhu outano avanhu, zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinopesvedzera zvakananga kusvika kwamabasa okurapa.

Kukura Kwemadhisiki

Affordble Care Act yakapa chisarudzo chokuwedzera Medicaid kufukidza vakuru nemari inosvika 138% yemwero wourombo wehurumende. Kusvikira muna 2025, 40 zvezvematongerwe enyika neD.C. zvakakudza Medicaid, nepo nyika dzakamira seTexas, Florida, uye Mississippi hadzina. Chisarudzo ichi chinosiya mamirioni avakuru vakaderera vasingapindwi mumitezo isiri yemari, kuenzanisira kuti muitiro woruwa unogona sei kuumba miuyo youtano.

Inishuwarenzi Youtano yeHurumende Inogadzira

Massachusetts, New Jersey, neCalifornia dzinoda kuti vagari vemo vachengete inishuwarenzi youtano kana kuti vabhadhare chirango pakudzorwa kwomutero wavo wehurumende.

Utano Hwevanhu Vose Nesimba Renjodzi

Hurumende dzine chiremera chikuru pautano hwavanhu. Mukati medenda reCOVID-19, magavhuna ehurumende akabudisa zvirango zvekugara pamusha, zvikumbiro, uye zvinodikanwa zvokudzivirira mabhakitire, zvichitungamirira kubasa remitemo. Dzimwe nyika dzakadai seNew York neCalifornia dzakaita matanho oupengo, nepo Florida neSouth Dakota yakaita mutoo wokuregeredza. Uku kunzwika kwehurumende kunosimbisa kusagadzikana pakati porusununguko rwomunhu noutano hweboka.

Utano Hwokuberekana Nokubvisa Pamuviri

Mitemo yehurumende pamusoro pokubvisa pamuviri yazova yakasiana zvikuru pashure pokunge Dare Rapamusorosoro raputsa Roe neRwanda muna 2022. Nyika dzakawanda, kubatanidza Texas neAlabama, zvino dzinorambidza kubvisa pamuviri panhambo dzapakuvamba dzepamuviri, nepo dzimwe dzakafanana neCalifornia neIllinois dzakapa mitemo inodzivirira kusvika pakubvisa pamuviri. Kufamba kwehurumende nokuda kweminamato kwazova kwakakurumbira, uye dzimwe nyika dzakatoita mitemo inodzivirira vatengi vapari vemhosva kunze kwenhau.

Mitemo Yeruramisiro Yeutsotsi

Mabumbiro emhosva ehurumende anosiyana - siyana, achitapura chinhu chiri chose kubva kune chinoumba mhaka kusvikira kumarangirwo anoitwa vapari vemhosva.

Kunyoreswa pamutemo

Zvichida muenzaniso unooneka zvikurusa wemhatsa yenyika ndewomutemo wecannabis. Nepo mutemo wehurumende uchingobatanidza mbanje sechikamu chePhermon I chinodzorwa, maruwa 24 neD.C. anoshandisa pamutemo nhandaro, uye 38 anobvumira kushandiswa kwezvokurapa. Kunyoreswa pamutemo kwa2012 kwakatangira chinja kwehurumende, asi kunotonga saIdaho naKansas vanochengeta chirambidzo chakasimba nechirango choutsotsi nokuda kwokuva nazvo.

Kutongerana Uye Kutora Mutsindo

Kupa mitongo mirairidzo inosiyana zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzakadai seLouisiana neMississippi dzine mitongo miduku yapamutemo nokuda kwemhosva dzakati dzemirimo, inotungamirira kumatare akarefu. Dzimwe, dzakadai seOregon neVirginia, dzakatanga kugadziridza kugadziridza, kuderedza zvirango nokusimbisa kugadziridzwa. Chirango chorufu ndiimwe nharaunda yokunyurukira mumvura: 27 inochengeta, asi 23 yezvematongerwe enyika neD.C. Yakabvisa. Texas inouraya vasungwa vakawanda kupfuura imwe nyika ipi neipi, nepo California haina kuuraya kubvira muna 2006 pasinei zvapo nokuva nechiverengero chikuru chavagari verufu.

Kuchengetedza Mabhakitire Nokusachengetedza Zvirongwa

Mitemo yehurumende inodzorawo miitiro yebheyili. New York yakapfuudza mabheyili okuchinja kwakakomba muna 2019, ichibvisa mabheyi okubhadharira mari nokuda kwavapfumi vazhinjisa vemitongo namatare asina masimba masimba. Nharidzano yakanga iri yokuderedza kuchengetwa kwapamberi pemhosva dzavapomerwi vakaderera. Zvisinei, mutemo wakatanga kudzosa, uye kugadziridzwa kwakatevera kwakadzorerwa chisarudzo chedare nokuda kwemhosva dzakakomba. Dzimwe nyika dzakafanana neKentucky dzinoshandisa zvishandiso zvengozi kuisa bere, nepo nyika dzakafanana naMissouri dzichiri kushandisa zvirongwa zvemari.

Kuzvidavirira Kwemapurisa

Makore achangobva kupfuura aya akaona nyika dzichiita mitemo yokuwedzera kuzvidavirira kwamapurisa. SB 1421 neSB 16 dzeCalifornia dzakakudza kusvika kwavose kuzvinyorwa zvamapurisa zvomufambiro wakashata.Colorado neWashington dzakaita mitemo inoganhurira kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzinodziviswa uye kuraira kunzvera kwokuzvimirira kwepfuti dzinobatanidzwa nevakuru vakuru. Iyi mitemo inoshanda pamwe chete nokutarisira kwehurumende asi inotsamira pamaitiro okuchengetwa kwehurumende.

Matombo Nemitemo Yokushopera Zvinhu

Mutemo wehurumende unoronga kuti zvinhu zvive zvatengwa, zvishandiswe, uye kuti pave nemisika yedzimba, uye kuti zvizobatsira sei vagari vemo nemabhizimisi.

Kushandisa Kuruka Nenyika

Kushopera itsika yomunzvimbomo, asi masangano ehurumende anopindira nenzira inowedzera kuti ape mari yokuwana pokugara. Oregon neCalifornia vakapfuudza mitemo yomunzvimbomo inoputsa mirau yomunzvimbomo yokubvumira duplexes namafire pamigodhi yemhuri imwe. Iyi “mitemo yemaruwa” inovavarira kuwedzera mugove wedzimba, asi vanotarisana nechishoro chinobva kunharaunda dzinoitira hanya kukwira.

Kudzora Kweganda

Mitemo yehurumende inodzorawo kudzorwa kwerendi. California, New York, uye New Jersey inobvumira rudzi rwakati rwerendi inopfuudzira kudzorwa, nepo ruzhinji rwehurumende zvimwe runobvumira kudzorwa kwerendi yomunzvimbomo kana kuti zvimwe kuirambidza chose chose. Somuenzaniso, Florida inorambidza maguta kuisa kudzorwa kwerendi kutoti azivise kurumidziro yedzimba, iyo isingawanzoitiki. Uku kunyunguruka kunotapura kukwanisa uye ukama hwemuri wenzvimbo.

Nzvimbo yakaisvonaka

Mitemo yehurumende inodzora muitiro wokubvutwa kwenzvimbo dzehurumende nokuda kwokushandiswa kwavose, nebhadharo inodikanwa pasi peFind 5 Amendment. Dzimwe nyika, kufanana neTexas, dzine rondedzero dzinorerutswa dze “basa rapachena,” dzinobvumira gadziriro dzokubudirira dzapachivande kunyandura kushurikidza. Dzimwe, kufanana neMichigan pashure peKelo reflash, dzine ganhuriro dzakasimba dzokudzivisa kushandiswa nokuda kwekubudirira kwezvemari bedzi.

Dzimwe Nzvimbo Dzokudzora Hurumende

Simba rehurumende rinotambanukira mumamwe mativi akawanda oupenyu, kubatanidza murairo wemhoteredzo, kunyoresa kwebhizimisi, uye mutemo wemhuri.

Mitemo Yemhoteredzo

Mitemo yeMoer Resources Board yeCalifornia inogona kugadza mipimo inobudisa motokari iyo vadzori vehurumende vanowanzoshandisa sechinhu chikuru. New York neWashington vakapfura mitemo yemamiriro okunze ane udyire inoda kubudiswa kwemambure okubudisa magetsi panosvika 2050, nepo nyika dzakafanana neWest Virginia dzinodzivisa murairo panzvimbo dzinopisa magetsi emarasha.

Mabhizimisi Nokushanda

Hurumende dzinoda marezenisi emazana emabasa, kubva kunyanzvi dzenzvimbo nenzvimbo. Zvinodikanwa zvinosiana: dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira kuva namarezenisi ehurumende, nepo dzimwe, kufanana neCalifornia, kazhinji kazhinji dzinoda bvunzo itsva kunyange nokuda kwanyanzvi dzine ruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Iyi mitemo inodzivirira kana kuti zvimwe kuparira mhinganidzo kubatira.

Mutemo Wemhuri

Roorano, chatanuro, kuchengetwa kwavana, uye kurerwa kudzorwa nomutemo wehurumende. Somuenzaniso, zera rapamutemo reroorano pasina kubvumira kwavabereki rinosiana kubva pa 16 mudzimwe nyika kusvikira ku 18 mune dzimwe. Hapana chatanuro yakashata inowanika muhurumende iri yose, asi zvikonzero zvechatanuro yakavakirwa pamhosva nemhosho dzavanhu zvinosiana zvikuru. Mitemo yekodzero yokuchengeta mwana inoisa musengwa wakasiana, asi nyika dzinorondedzera kuti mupimo wakasiana, unotapura miuyo mukuchinjika nokugoverana maruramiro okuchengeta mwana.

Kutapura Kunoita Mitemo yeHurumende Upenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Zvinhu zvinotevera zvichiitika zuva nezuva zvinoratidza kuti mitemo yenyika inoumba sei zvinoitikawo zvacho:

  • Kudzosa: Mutyairi anoyambuka achibva Virginia achipinda Maryland angatarisana nechinjo yakamwe kamwe muganhuriro dzekumhanya, ganhuriro dzeserura, uye zvinodikanwa zvechigaro. Kushatisa kunogona kuguma nefaindi kana kuti mapfundo parezenisi rinodzorwa nehurumende uko tikiti racho rinobudiswa.
  • Health chare: Mushandi anotambira mari yakaderera muTexas angasakwaniriswa nokuda kweMedicaid kutoti ivo vane pamuviri, vakaremara, kana kuti mubereki wavana vaduku. Mushandi mumwe cheteyo muNew York anogona kunyoresa muMedicaid yakawedzerwa pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yemhuri, achipesvedzera mano avo okuwana kurapa.
  • Kubetsera: Murendi muSan Francisco anobetserwa nemitemo yomunzvimbomo yokudzora rendi, asi murendi muHouston haana dziviriro yakadaro. Landlords munyika imwe neimwe anoshanda pasi pemirau yakasiana--- siyana nokuda kwezvisaririra zvechengeteko, zviziviso zvokudzinga, uye kunyoresa.
  • Mufambiro womunhu oga: Mudzidzi wekoreji muColorado anogona kutenga mbanje pamutemo, asi kuiendesa kuNebraska iri pedyo kungagona kutungamirira kutsoropodzo dzemirimo. Nenzira yakafanana, kutakura pfuti yakavanzwa kunoda mvumo dzinopiwa mune dzimwe nyika uye dzinorambwa mudzimwe dzakavakirwa pamipimo yehurumende.
  • [ Rufu nemitero: Mitero yeProfini inoshanda munyika shomanene bedzi, dzakadai seNew York neMassachusetts, nepo dzimwe dzakafanana neFlorida neTexas dzisina. Mitero yenhaka inoomesazve kuronga mari nokuda kwemhuri.

mhedziso

Mitemo yehurumende iri kure neyakasiana. Mhatsa yavo inoratidzira chimiro chehurumende cheUnited States, ichibvumira vagari kuti vawane mhoteredzo dzakasiana- siyana dzapamutemo zvichitsamira panzvimbo dzavanogara. Kana musoro wacho uri kutsigira dzidzo, kupfumbanisa kwoutano, zvirango zvoutsotsi, kana kuti kodzero dzezvinhu, hurumende dzinoshandisa simba guru iro rinobata vanhu zuva rimwe nerimwe. Kuramba vachiziva pamusoro pomutemo wehurumende hakusi kungoitawo zvako kwedzidzo yedzidzo yezvokudzivirira kodzero dzomunhu, kuita zvisarudzo zvezivo, uye kubatanidzwa nenzira inobudirira navakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa. Zviwiro zvakafanana ne . Hurumende inovapa kutungamirira kudzorwa kwemitemo yeHurumende yeHurumende. Kudaidzwa kwemitemo yeHurumende. Kuda kudzora vanhu.