Kunzwisisa Kupukunyutswa Nokudzorwa: Kutungamirira kweHurumende Muchikamu cheChikamu

Nzvimbo yapamutemo yokuchenesa zvinyorwa zveutsotsi muUnited States ibasa rakamanikana remirau yehurumende, mitemo yedare, uye miitiro yokutarisira. Nepo mashoko "expungement" anowanzoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana, anomirira mishonga yapamutemo yakasiyana nemigumisiro yakasiyana pachinyorwa chomunhu. Kumunhu anotsvaka kutangazve pashure pokusungwa kana kuti kupwiswa, kufambisa iyi mhesano inokosha. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera udzame, nohupfupi nohupi hwezvinodikanwa zvehurumende, uye muuyo unoshanda wemitemo yokuisa musengwa.

Kupedzisa kudzorwa nenziyo.

Kupukunyutswa kunoreva zvikurukuru kuparadzwa kwapamutemo kana kuti kubviswa chaiko kwezvinyorwa zvoutsotsi mumahofisi anotarisira pamutemo. Kana zvabviswa, chinyorwa chinobatwa sokunge hachina kutongovapo, uye masangano mazhinjisa avanhu navanhu voga haagoni kuisvika. Mumaruwa akawanda, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kupindura pamutemo "no" apo vanobvunzwa pamusoro pekupwiswa kunobviswa pabasa kana kuti kumbiriso dzedzimba.

Kupa pamutemo kwenhau youtsotsi kunoganhurira kusvika kwavose kuchinyorwa asi hakuchidzivisi chose chose. Chinyorwa chinoramba chiripo kumasangano akati ehurumende, kuchengetwa kwomutemo, uye pane dzimwe nguva mapuranga anodzorwa. Kudzorwa kunowanzobatanidza murairo wedare unorambidza kubudiswa kwechinyorwa kunze kwamamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, zvakadai sechereso dzekare nokuda kwechengeteko kana kuti kutenga pfuti.

Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa nzira yakavhengana, umo manyoro anonamirwa pakutanga uye ipapo anoparadzwa chose chose pashure penhambo yokumirira. dzimwe dzinobvumira kuiswa chisimbiso nokuda kwemhosva dzakati apo dzinoda kubviswa kwedzimwe duku. Kunzwisisa mushonga unowanika mudzoro wako inhano yokutanga inokosha.

Kuchinja Kukuru Kwehurumende Mukuputswa uye Mitemo Yokuparadza

California – Kupedziswa Nechibvumirano Chedare 1203.4

California inobvumira vanhu kukumbira kubviswa kwekutenderwa pashure pokupedza kuedzwa nenzira inobudirira. Muitiro haudzimi chinyorwa chose chose; panzvimbo pezvo, unobatanidza kutenderwa se “kwakarasika.” Zvisinei, chinyorwa chinoramba chinooneka kumitemo uye chinogona kurangarirwa muzvinoitika zvoutsotsi zvomunguva yemberi. Kusungwa kusina kutungamirira kukupwiswa, mutemo weCalifornia unogovera mutoo wakaparadzana wokusimbisa marekodhi okusunga. Zvikurukurukuru, California haisi kubvumidza kubviswa kwemhosva dzakakomba, kubatanidza mhaka dzamasimba masimba nemhosva dzevatano dzinoda kunyoreswa kwoupenyu hwose.

New York – Nhoroondo Dzematsotsi

Mitemo yokuisa chisimbiso yeNew York iri pakati pemitemo inofambira mberi zvikurusa. Muw Criminal Procediture Law Chikamu 160.59, vanhu vakawanirwa mhaka dzedzimwe mhosho dzevatongi navezvikwata vanogona kushanda kusimbisa zvinyorwa zvavo pashure penhambo yegore 10 vachimirira kubva pamusi wokupwiswa kana kuti kusunungurwa musungwa. Mutemo unobvisa mhaka dzakakomba dzakadai sematsotsi amasimba masimba, utsotsi hwevatano, uye dare rinoyera mamiriro ezvinhu avanhu vose. Mukuwedzera, New York inobvumira kuiswa chisimbiso chemhosva dzevasungwa dzakaguma nokudzingwa kana kuti kuhesvurwa. Kukumbira kunoda kufamba mudare uko kutenderwa kwakaitika, uye mutongi anoyera mamiriro ezvinhu akadai sechengeteko yavose uye kugadziriswa.

Texas – Kubuda Munzvimbo Yacho uye Kusavapo Kwemajeri

Texas inosiyanisa ne [FLT]xpact (kudzivisika kwezvinyorwa) uye ] kutadza kuvhura (kufambisa). Exploration inowanika zvikurukuru nokuda kwokusungwa kusina kuguma nokupfimbwa, kubatanidza mhaka dzakadzikwa, dzakaregwa, dzakaregwa, kana kuti apo munhu akaregererwa. Nodisclorence mushonga mukuru unogona kusimbisa zvinyorwa zvekutenderwa kwezvakaipa zvakati uye zvimwe zvikendi zvenguva yakamirira. Mutemo weTexas wakaparira gadziriro inotemwa: nguva yokutanga-yati yemhosva dzakati dzedaridzika ingakwa nokuda kwe "order offoixloast" pasina kumirira nguva yakamirira mamwe makore mashanu.

Illinois – Muenzaniso Wokupedzisa

Mutemo weIllinois (730 ILCS 5/5-52) unogovera kubviswa kwezvinyorwa zvokusunga nokuiswa chisimbiso chenhau. Manyoro okusungwa anogona kutsaurwa kazhinji kazhinji pashure pokudzingwa, kurambwa, kana kuti kana mutemo weganhuriro wapera. Kutenderwa kwemitongo kunowanika nokuda kwemhosho zhinjisa nemhiko dzakawanda pashure penhambo yokumirira pashure penhambo inotsamira pamhaka yemhosva. Matsotsi akasungwa anobatanidza mhaka dzamasimba masimba, mhosva dzevatano, uye DUIS. Illinois anobvumirawo kubviswa kwezvinyorwa zvenhau dzekarenda yavanhu vamwe navamwe vakasungwa asi vasingatongopiwi. Muitiro unobatanidza kukumbira chikumbiro chedare redunhu uye kuwana chekare kubva kuIllinoisnos Police.

Florida – Kudzorerwa Kwakaganhurirwa

Florida haibvumidzi kubviswa kana kuti kuiswa chisimbiso kwezvinyorwa zvekutendwa kunze kwemigariro yakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Panzvimbo pezvo, hurumende inopa "Chipupuriro Chokuzvinyima" kubva kuFlorida Department of Law Enictive, ichiteverwa nemurairo wedare kusimbisa kana kuti kubvisa mapepa. Mhosva dzinoganhurirwa kukusungwa idzo dzisina kuguma nokupwiswa, kana kuti mhaka duku pashure penhambo yakamirira. Florida inobvisa pachena chinyorwa choutsotsi nokuda kwemhosva ipi neipi inorangwa nokupinzwa mutorongo kweripo neripo. Hurumende inorambidzawo kuiswa chirambidzo pasimbiso chorumano pakusimbisa chinopfuura chinyorwa chimwe choutsotsi.

Michigan – Muitiro Wakachena

Michigan yapfuura Clean Slate Act muna 2020, ichiparira kubviswa kunozviitikira nokuda kwemhosva duku dzakati, dzisina masimba masimba pashure penhambo yokumirira. Kutsaurwa kwemabhukwana (chikumbiro) kuchichiri kuwanika nokuda kwavamwe. Mutemo unofukidza kusvikira kuzvitendero zviviri zvakashata uye zvikanganiso zvisina muganhu, kunze kwokuputswa kwemigwagwa nemhirizhonga dzamasimba masimba. Kubvisa kwezviito zvechienzi kunoitika pashure pamakore 5 kana kuti 7 pasina zvitendero zvitsva, uchishandisa mashoko anobva kuMichigan State Police. Ikoku kunomirira komba inokura kukuyamura zvinyorwa zvenhau dzekare.

Dzimwe Nyika Dzinocherechedzwa

  • Pennsylvania: Kupa chisimbiso chakachena chakarongwa nokuda kwechidhindo chakashata pashure pamakore 10 asina zvimwe zvitendero. Kubviswa kwamaoko kunowanika nokuda kwokusabatanidza.
  • [[FOLT:0] Shashington: Rinobvumira kudavira zvikanganiso zvavazhinji namabhinya pashure penhambo yokumirira. Dare ringabudisa gwaro rokusunungura rinoisa chisimbiso chechinyorwa.
  • Georgia: bvumiro dzokubvisa zvinyorwa zvokusunga nokuda kwezvisiri kokorodzano bedzi. Zvinyorwa zvokutendiswa hazvigoni kubviswa, asi mhaka dzakati dzenguva yokutanga dzingarambidzwa mukuona kwavanhu.
  • Colorado: nguva ichangopfuura kukudzwa kwokuisa chisimbiso nokuda kwedzimwe nzvimbo dzisina masimba masimba, nenhambo yokumirira yapamutemo yaanenge makore mashanu pashure pekuvharwa kwechakaitika.

Mupimo Wokusagona Kuwirwa Nenjodzi Mhiri Kwenyika

Nepo zvakananga zvichisiana, Hurumende zhinjisa dzinogoverana zvinodikanwa zvinozivikanwa:

  • [[[FT:0] Kupedzisa mutongo: Kubatanidza kuedzwa, faindi, faindi, uye kudzorwa.
  • Hamuna pomero dzoutsotsi dzakamirira: Unofanira kubviswa mukusungwa kutsva kupi nokupi kana kuti kurovererwa.
  • nhambo yokumirira: Nhamba yakatarwa yamakore pashure pokupwiswa, kusunungurwa muusungwa, kana kuti kupedzwa kuedzwa.
  • [[FOL:0]] rudzi rwamasimba masimba:[ mhosva dzamasimba masimba, mhaka dzevatano, uye DUIS zvinodokuva zvinobviswa munyika yose.
  • Nhamba yezvitendero: Nyika zhinji dzinoganhurira kuti zvinyorwa zvingani zvinogona kuiswa chisimbiso kana kuti kubviswa muupenyu.

Dzimwe nyika, kufanana neCalifornia neNew York, dzinorangarirawo nhamburiko dzomunhu dzokuvandudza, dzakadai senhau yebasa, tsamba dzerumbidzo, uye basa renzanga.

Kuvharwa kwoga. Kutemwa kwakavakirwa

Chinjo huru mumakore achangobva kupfuura iyi ibasa ku inoshandiswa kubvisa zvinhu zvinoshanda. Mumiitiro inoshanda yoga, sangano rehurumende rinozivisa zvinyorwa zvinowirirana pasina kuda munhu kunyora chikumbiro. Michigan, Pennsylvania, uye Utah yakatungamirira iyi kombano. Kubvisa kunoparira mhinganidzo dzakadai semitengo yokupa mari, yamuro yepamutemo, uye kuoneka kwedare. Zvisinei, miitiro inoshanda kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji ine nhambo dzakarefu uye inofukidza mhaka dukusa. Nokuda kwemhosva dzakakomba asi dzisina masimba masimba, kukumbira kwechibharo kunoramba kuri madikanwa.

Muitiro Wekushandisa: Famba Nenhanho

Wana Mabhuku Aunodzidza Nezvematsotsi

Kumbira kopi inotenderwa yenhau yako youtsotsi munzvimbo yehurumende yapakati (muchiron., Department of California, Division of Criminal Justice Service for New York). iyi chinyorwa chicharonga kusungwa kuri kwose nokupwiswa, kubatanidza izvo zvingave zvakabviswa kana kuti zvakabviswa kare.

2. Chenjererai Kuti Munogona Kuzviita

Ona kuti mhosva yako yakakodzera here, kana kuti pane nhambo dzokumirira dzinodikanwa, uye kana une zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zvisingakwanirisi zvakadai sokusungwa kutsva kana kuti faindi isingabhadharwi.

3. Faira Chikumbiro kana kuti Kushandisa

Munyika dzakavakirwa pakukumbira, unofanira kunyora chikumbiro chapamutemo nedare rakabata mhaka yako. Chikumbiro chinobatanidza udzame hwenhau yacho, kutaura kwokudzorerwa, uye kazhinji kazhinji chiito kumitero yokubvisa kana uri mutengi. Dzimwe nyika (g., New York) dzinoda chiito chakaparadzana chokuisa chisimbiso pashure pekupwiswa, nepo dzimwe (g., Illinois) dzichishandisa chimiro chimwe nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri kuisa chisimbiso nechokubvisa.

4 Zivisa Vachuchisi

Muchuchisi anganyora chirambidzo, kunyanya kana paine mhosva dzechisimba kana kuti kana uine nzira yokudzorera.

5. Dare Rinotonga (Kana Richidiwa)

Mutongi anogona kubvunzwa nezvebasa rauri kuita iye zvino, mamiriro ezvinhu emhuri, uye matanho anoitwa kuti udzorerwe.

6. Nhevedzo yeDare Neziviso

Kana dare rikatenderwa, rinopa murairo wokubvisa kana kuti kuisa chisimbiso. Makopi anofanira kutumirwa kumasangano ose anochengeta marekodhi, kubatanidza kuchengetwa kwomutemo, matare, uye makambani anonzvera avanhu vakare. Iyi nhano yakakomba nemhaka yokuti pasina ziviso yakafanira, chinyorwa chingaramba chinooneka panzvero dzeshure.

Kuparadza Nokuuraya

Basa Nedzimba

Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti vanhu vane chinyorwa choutsotsi vane 50% shomanene kugamuchira basa. Kuvhara kana kuti kuisa chisimbiso kunobvisa kunyadziswa kwavose uye kunokubvumira kupindura nechivimbo “hazvisi kumibvunzo pamusoro poutsotsi hwako hwenguva yakapfuura pazvinoshandira zvakawanda. Muhurumende dzine mitemo yakasimba inorwisana netsoropodzo, vashandirwi havagoni kubvunza pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvakaiswa chisimbiso kana kuti zvakabviswa. Zviremera zvenzvimbo yokugara zvinogonawo kushandisa chekicheni dzenzvimbo yapashure; chinyorwa chafanotaurwa chinogona kuzarura masuo kuti imba yokurenda uye mapurogiramu ebetsero dzavose.

Dzidzo Nerezenisi

Kunyora kana kuti kubvisa chinyorwa kunogona kubvisa mhinganidzo yokuwana rezinesi renyanzvi. Kuwedzera kune izvi, makoreji namayunivhesiti anowanzobvunza pamusoro penhau youtsotsi pakumbiriso; chinyorwa chakasimbiswa hachifaniri kuziviswa chaizvoizvo.

Kodzero Dzepfuti Nokutama

Kudzosa hakungoerekani kwadzorera kodzero dzepfuti munyika dzose. Mutemo weFederal unorambidza kuva navanhu vane mhaka inorangwa nerinopfuura gore rimwe; kubviswa kwenzvimbo kwehurumende kungasakurira chirambidzo chehurumende. Nenzira yakafanana, migumisiro yokutama yakaoma: kubvisa kutenderwa kwehurumende hakudzimi chokwadi chemhindu yezvinangwa zvokutamira munyika. Vano-rimienzani vanofanira kubvunza gweta rokupinda munyika vasati vatsvaka chimbiso.

Matambudziko uye Zvatisingakwanisi Kuita

Zvigumbu Zvisina Kubatanidzwa

Unenge mamiriro ezvinhu ose haaratidzi kuti kubatwa nechisimba, mhosva dzepabonde, uye kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka kwakakomba kubva mukubviswa kwebasa. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvisawo DUIs (munzira yokurangarira, Texas, Florida). Kuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvokusungwa zvisina kutungamirira kukupwiswa kazhinji kazhinji zvinobviswa zvizere, asi muitiro wacho ungadazve chiito chedare.

Mutengo Nokuwana Zano

Mitengo yokubiridzira inogona kuvambira pa $50 kusvika ku $400 pachikumbiro chimwe. Vamwe vanotaura kuti mari inobhadharwa vanhu vanopara mari, asi muitiro wacho ungada mari yokunzvera yapashure (kazhinji kazhinji $20-50). Kune avo vasingakwanisi kushandisa gadziriro yepamutemo yoga, vanopinza gweta mari inobhadhara $500-40 000 (Z $82 000). Masangano epamutemo asingapinduri mari pane dzimwe nguva anopa kiriniki dzapachena.

Kuwanazve Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Kunyange pashure pokuiswa chisimbiso kana kuti kubviswa, kuchengetwa kwomutemo, mabhodhi okuchengetera zvinhu, uye vachuchisi vangachengeta mukana nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakati. Somuenzaniso, mapurisa ehurumende neFBI anogona kutarira mapepa akanamatidzwa nokuda kwekubvunza utsotsi. Nzvero dzepashure dzekuchengeteka uye kutengwa kwepfuti kazhinji kazhinji dzinozivisa marekodhi akasimba kana kuti akavigwa.

Hurumende neFederal Records

Mitemo yokuparadza hurumende haishandi kuzvinyorwa zvehurumende zveutsotsi. Kana une tendero yehurumende, unofanira kukumbira dare rehurumende umo wakawanirwa mhaka. Kubvisa mapepa kwakaganhurirwa zvikuru; zvinyorwa zvizhinjisa zvehurumende hazvigoni kubviswa, kuiswa bedzi mumigariro isingawanzowaniki.

Kuchinja - chinja Kwemiitiro: Mitemo Yakachena Yakagadzirwa

Nhamba inokura yehurumende iri kupfuura Mitemo yokuchenesa iyo inoisa kana kuti kubvisa zvinyorwa zvinoshanda mutsaona pasina kuda chikumbiro. Michigan, Pennsylvania, California (padzimwe mhaka dzembanje dzemadanho akaderera), uye Utah yakatungamirira iri sangano. Vavariro ndeyokuderedza mutoro wehurumende pamatare ndokuita kuti kuyamura kuve kwakareruka kwakaenzana. Zvisinei, miitiro inoshanda inowanzotora makore kuti ishandise, uye vanhu vangada kukumbira nechibharo chechibharo nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvekare. Dare reNational Conferection of State State glatures zviitiko izvi zviitwero.

Ngano Dzinozivikanwa Nezvadzo Pamusoro Pokupukunyukirwa

Ngano: Kukurirwa kunongoerekana kwabvisa zvinyorwa zvose.

Vashandi vanoshandisa makambani anoongorora zvinhu zvemo voga vangangozviona kana mashoko acho asati agadziriswa, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri pamutemo kuti vashandise mashoko iwayo.

Ngano: Unogona kubvisa chinyorwa chipi nechipi pashure penhambo yokumirira.

Somuenzaniso, muTexas, haugoni kusimbisa kuti munhu anoda kunyoresa kuti aparare semunhu anenge aita zvepabonde, asi kunyange munyika dzinofambira mberi dzakadai seNew York, matsotsi ane chisimba haabvumiki.

Ngano: Kupererwa nechinhu chimwe chete.

Nyika imwe neimwe ine zvimiro zvayo imene, nhambo dzokumirira, uye mhaka dzakakodzera. Muitiro unoshanda muCalifornia ungava usina tapuro muFlorida. Kwakakomba kunzvera zviwanikwa zvehurumende, zvakadai se LAw Application. org nokuda kwamashoko apachena.

Matanho Anoshanda Okufambira Mberi

  1. vamba nenhungamiro yehurumende. Mawebsite edare ehurumende akawanda kana kuti mahofisi egweta makuru anobudisa kupetwa kwamashoko kwakajeka kwemitemo yokubvisa.
  2. [ Mushumo wako wakazara wenhau youtsotsi. Iyi inowanika kumapurisa ehurumende kana FBI (kunyora minwe). Inoita kuti uve nechokwadi kuti une mufananidzo wakakwana wezvinoda kubviswa.
  3. Check nokuda kwokuva anenge angobviswa. Kana nyika yako ine mutemo weredhi wakachena, ungasada kunyora chinhu chipi nechipi. Edzeserai nedare kana kuti sangano.
  4. Common arliniki yeyamuro yapamutemo kana kuti gweta. Ndyiko yokubvunza kazhinji kazhinji yakaderera, uye nhungamiro inogona kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvinodhura. Masangano mazhinji ebhawa anopa mabasa apachena.
  5. Rugwaro rwaida. Izvozvi zvinobatanidza matare, zvinyorwa zvokuedzesera, ufakazi hweripiso, uye nongedzero dzamavara.
  6. Ndaza chikumbiro chacho nokungwarira. Tevera zvimiro chaizvoizvo; mashoko anoshaikwa anogona kuguma nokuramba kana kuti kunonotsa kwenguva refu.
  7. Tevera. Pashure pokupa murairo wedare, iva nechokwadi chokuti unogamuchira kopi inobvumikiswa uye kuti masangano ose aziviswa. Ungadawo kutaura namakambani echekezi dzekare kuti agadzirise chinyorwa chako.

Zviwanikwa Zvokumwe Kutungamirira

Nokuda kwomutauro wakananga wehurumende, shanyira LGALL Information Institute paCornell Law School kana kuti website yedare rehurumende. Nokuda kweauto renyika yose nemhedziso pamitemo yakachena, nongedzera ku [[FLT:] Community Alternations kugadziriro yetorongo [. Kana une zvitendero zvakawanda kumativi ose, unofanira kunyora pasi rimwe nerimwe.

Kubvisa chinyorwa choutsotsi inzira yapamutemo kukuvakazve upenyu husina mumvuri wezvikanganiso zvomunguva yakapfuura. Nepo muitiro unosiana zvikuru nehurumende nemhosva, kombamiro inokura kukuita zvinhu uye kuva nounyanzvi zvikuru iratidziro yetsika yavose iyo inobvuma ukoshi hwemikana yechipiri. Kungava kupfurikidza nechikumbiro chenhando kana kuti purogiramu yehurumende inozviitikira yoga, kunzwisisa kubviswa kwehurumende yako nokuiswa chisimbiso inhano yokutanga kukuwanazve nguva yako yemberi.