Mitemo youtano yavose igadziriro yorumwe rutivi rusingatauri inoumba anenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwazvino uno, kubva pakukotsekana kwezvokudya zviri pandiro yako kusvikira kumugariro wemhepo yaunofema. Iyi mitemo, inowanzorangarirwa kuva yakarongwa, ichibereko chamakore okunzvera kwesayenzi, ruzivo rwemiitiro, uye gadziriro. Yakarongedzerwa kusaganhurira ganhuriro dzomunhu oga asi kuita musiyano wechengeteko inobvumira nzanga kubudirira. Kunzwisisa kuti iyi mitemo inotapura sei mibato yako yezuva nezuva inogona kukudza kuonga basa rayo uye kukusimbisa kutsigira nzira dzinowirirana nemitemo youtano yavose. Nyaya inonzvera nzira dzinodzorwa nemitemo yavose youtano inopesvedzera purogiramu yavose yezuva nezuva, masangano ayo anozvishandisa, zvinetso zvinotarisana nazvo, uye mirayiridzo yomunguva yemberi yeiyi nzvimbo inokosha.

Hwaro Hwemitemo Youtano Hwavose

Mitemo youtano yavose zvishandisiro zvapamutemo nezvinodzora zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira nokusimudzira utano hwezvizvarwa zvavagari vemo. Yakavakirwa munheyo yokuti kuva zvakanaka pamwe chete pane dzimwe nguva kunoda bvumirano dzomunhu oga (somuenzaniso, kupfeka mabhelt, kunamatira kuganhuriro dzechimbichimbi, kana kuti kugamuchira nhomba dzinogombedzerwa pamberi pokupinda chikoro. Iyi miraudzo haisati yakarerekera pakarende; inochinja mukupindura ufakazi hutsva hwesayenzi, tyisidziro dzinomuka, uye tsika dzenzanga. Nharaukuru hunobatanidza kuchengeteka kwezvokudya, kunaka kwemvura, kudzora hosha dzinotapukira, utano hwemhoteredzo, purofiti, uye utano hwebasa.

Kuchengeteka Kwezvokudya

Zvokudya zvose zvaunodya muresitorendi kana kuti kutenga kubva muchitoro chegirosa zvinoda gadziriro yakakomba yemirairo. Zvirongwa zvakafanana neFood and Drug Administration yeU.S. (FDA) neU.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) zvinogadza mipimo yokubata zvokudya, kuisa zviratidzo, kurasa, uye utsanana. Iyi mirau inoda vagadziri vezvokudya kuti vatevere maProrisitime namaProriti Control (HACP), kuitisa kunzvera nguva dzose kwemiitiro yakadai se [[FLT: 0] Salmellal uye [FLT:].[FLD2].[FFF] .5]

Mvura Yakanaka

Mvura yakachena ibwe rekombiriso youtano hwavanhu vose. Safefit Meater Act muUnited States, inomanikidzirwa neNdengedzero yeNzvimbo dzinodzivirira njodzi yeEPA, inoisa mwero yakakomba yezvinotsiva zvinhu zvinopfuura 90, kubatanidza mutobvu, arsenic, uye microbial parotheons. Mitemo yemvura inofanira kuidza nguva dzose uye kushuma migumisiro kuvatengi. Mitemo yakafanana iripo munyika yose pasi penhungamiro dzeWorld Health Organization. Iyi mitemo inodzivisa hosha dzinotakurwa nemvura dzakadai sekorera, typhodio, uye girardiasis, idzo dzichiri kuuraya mamiriyoni evanhu vasina miganhurikidzo inosha. Tripi yemvura ichiyeuchidzo hurusa yezvinoitika apo miraudzo yakadaro inofurati.

Kudzora Zvirwere Zvinotapukira

Mitemo inodzora kudzorwa kwehosha dzinotapukira inobatanidza kushuma kwapamutemo kwehosha dzakati, kuparadzaniswa uye masimba okuparadza. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzose 50 dzeU.S. dzinoda kuti vana vabatwe nehosha dzakadai segwirikwiti, zvitunha, rubella, uye poriyo isati yapinda muchikoro. Iyi mitemo inoita kuti mapoka adzivirirwe, achidzivirira avo vasingagoni kurapwa nemhaka yemigariro yezvokurapa. Mukati mekupararira kwechirwere cheCHOVAD ne19, mirairo youtano yavose yakashanduka nokukurumidza (8), mirayiro yenzanga, kudzosa mirayiridzo yenzanga, uye kuedza zvinodikanwa zvakaitwa kupfuudzira kupfuudzira. Nepo, izvi zviratidzo zvakaiswa mumio yemiitiro yezve yemabhishopu dzinoratidzira kuti chiito chinoparira upenyu.

Utano Hwemhoteredzo

Mitemo yemhoteredzo inobata nechepfu, tsvina ine ngozi, uye kuiswa kwemakemikoro. Cea Air Act necleaner Act muU.S. inoderedza kubudiswa kwemhepo mumafekitari nemotokari, inoderedza mwero yeasima, kenza yemapapu, uye hosha yemwoyo. Mitemo yemishonga yemishonga yezvipembenene nemishonga yeindasitiri inovavarira kudzivisa zvirwere zvisingaperi zvakabatanidzwa nokusvibiswa kwemhoteredzo. Purogiramu yeEPA’s Superlundod inochenesa nzvimbo dzakashatiswa kuti dzidzivirire nzanga dziri pedyo. Iyi mitemo inotapura zvakananga kunaka kwemhepo, kuchengeteka kwemvura, uye kuwanikwa kwemishati, zvikurukuru mumishavo mishomanene yakatakura kushatiswa kwemhoteredzo.

Kuchengeteka Kwezvigadzirwa uye Kudzivirirwa Nevatengi

Kupfuura zvokudya nemvura, mitemo youtano yavose inotambanukira kuzvinhu zvezuva riri rose — kubva kuzvitoyi zvemagetsi kusvikira kuzvizoro. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) inogadza mipimo yekotsekano kudzivisa kuvadziko pamichina ine zvikanganiso, pendi yomutobvu, kana kuti zvinhu zvinopfungaira. Somuenzaniso, mitemo inorambidza maziso muzvigadzirwa zvavana kana kuti kuganhurira tsvimbo mufanicha yakavakirwa mukunzvera kwoutano kwavose kubatanidza aya makemikari nekenza. Iyi mitemo inowanzosacherekedzwa kusvikira chigadzirwa charangarirwa, asi inodzivisa chinyara kuva nezviuru zvezvikuvadziko nezvirwere gore rimwe nerimwe.

Kuratidzirwa Kunoitwa Mitemo Muupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Mitemo youtano yavose haisi mitemowo zvayo; inooneka uye inooneka mumiitiro yako yezuva nezuva.Hedzino nzvimbo dzinokosha umo unosangana nayo nguva dzose.

Maresitorendi Nemashandiro Ezvokudya

Kana ukagara pasi, kunzvera kwezveutano kunoita kuti maresitorendi ave nechokwadi chokuti marongedzero akaoma ezvokuchenesa tsvina nepokudzora tembiricha yezvokudya zvinoora, uye kudzorwa kwetsvina. Magiredhi etsamba akaiswa mumaguta akadai seNew York neLos Angeles anopa mashoko anokurumidza pamusoro pokuteerera kweresitorendi. Kuongorora uku kushandisirwa kwakananga kwemiraudzo youtano yavose, kuderedza ngozi yokuvamba kwechirwere chinoparirwa nezvokudya zvine chokuita nokudyira. Vatengi vanogonawo kushuma kuputsa, vachiparira gadziriro yokupa mashoko anopfuurira.

Vara Rinorapa Rokuuraya Nhomba

Zvinodikanwa zvokupinda muchikoro ndezvimwe zvemirairo yesimba zvikurusa youtano hwavanhu vose. Zvakabvisa hosha dzakadai seporiyo uye kuderera kukuru kwezvinoitika zvegwirikwiti muU.S. Nemhaka dzezvikonzero zvokurapa uye, mune dzimwe nyika, nokuda kwezvitendero zvorudzidziso kana kuti zvouzivi. Zvisinei, mwero inoderera yenhomba munzanga dzakati yakaparira kutanga kwehosha dzinodzivisika. Vakuru vakuru vezvoutano vanoona nguva dzose kudzivirira kudzivirira kudzivirira uye vangavhara zvikoro mukati mekuvamba kwekudzivirira vana vasingabayiwi.

Kuchengeteka Kubasa

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inogadza uye inoita kuti pave nemipimo yokudzivisa kuvadziko nezvirwere zvebasa. Mitemo inoda vashandirwi kugovera midziyo yokudzivirira, kuganhurira kuiswa kwemichina ine ngozi, uye kuchengeta michina yakakotsekana. Mibato yakadai sokuvaka, kugadzira, uye kurapa inodzorwa zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, mupimo weOSHANA paguruva unoda kudzora kuderedza njodzi dzekenza yemapapu. Iyi mitemo haisati ichingodzivirira bedzi vashandi asi inoderedzawo mutoro wemari wehosha dzebasa panzanga.

Kudzora Fodya

Miganhu yokusvuta munzvimbo dzavose, kurambidza kushambadzira fodya kuvhozhokera vana vaduku, uye zviratidzo zvakajeka zvenyevero pamapakiti emidzanga zvose mitemo youtano hwevanhu vose. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act ya2009 yakapa chiremera cheFDA chokudzora zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nefodya. Iyi mitanho yakaparira kuderera kukuru kwenhamba yokusvuta (kubva pa 40% yeU.S. vakuru mumitengo ya1960 kusvikira ku12% nhasi. Nenzira yakafanana, miraudzo yechikata yechikaro yezvisarudzo yepwere inoyerwa kukuva netsamwa mumamirioni ehosha yemapapuko, hosha dzemapapuko, uye zvirwere zvemapafu.

Mhepo Yakanaka Nokushatisa

Mitemo pamusoro pezvinobudiswa nemotokari, midzi, uye zvitofu zvinopisa huni zvinotapura zvakananga mweya waunofema. National Ambient Air Servetution Digiration (NAAQS) inogadza ganhuriro paozone yepasi, nzvimbo inokamura, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, uye nitrogen dioxide. Apo mwero inopfuudza mipimo iyi, masangano omunzvimbomo anopa mhepo, anoraira vagari kuganhurira mibato yenze, uye ingada mirando yokudzora kushatisa. Iyi mipimo inokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwavagari vemo vakasatana kukuvadzwa savana, vakura, uye avo vane migariro yeapurbon.

Kuvaka uye Kunyora Dzimba

Mitemo yokuvaka, inobatanidza zvinodikanwa nokuda kwekotsekano yomoto, kuvimbika kwourongwa, utsanana, uye kuwanikwa, mitemo youtano. Zvinova nechokwadi chokuti misha ine mvura yakachena negadziriro dzetsvina, mhepo inopinza mweya yakakwana, uye kuisa magetsi zvakakotsekana. Pendi yomutobvu mudzimba dzakwegura inodzivisa chepfu yomutobvu wepwere, izvo zvinoparira kunonoka kukura nokutadza kudzidza. Mitemo inoraira kuti utsi nehemoni zvishavo zvecarbon monoxide zvishandiswe namadhipatimendi omunzvimbomo, inogadzira magariro akakotsekana okurarama ndokuderedza kuvadziko nenjodzi dzinobva mumoto, uye kukundikana kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo.

Basa reHurumende Mukupesvedzera Utano Hwapachena

Mitemo youtano yavose inoiswa nesangano remasangano omunharaunda, ehurumende, uye ehurumende.

Kufambira Mberi Kwemitemo

Hurumende dzinotanga mitemo youtano yakavakirwa paufakazi hwesayenzi namashoko outano hwevanhu. CDC inonzvera hosha ndokupa rumbidzo dzinozivisa mirau yehurumende nehurumende. FDA inohwirudzura mirimo mitsva, nhomba, uye zvishandiso zvokurapa vasati vasvika pamusika. EPA inogadza mipimo yemhoteredzo pashure penzvero dzengozi. Kukura kwemitemo kunowanzobatanidza kunzwa kwavose nemupinyi wemipinyi kuti ivake kuti mirauro inoshanda uye inoshanda.

Kuongorora Nokumanikidza

Hurumende dzinoongorora kutevedzerwa nokuongorora, kuongorora, uye kuunganidza mashoko. Somuenzaniso, USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service inonzvera nyama imwe neimwe nenzvimbo inogadzira nyama yehuku zuva nezuva. FDA inoongorora nguva dzose nzvimbo dzezvokudya uye inogona kubudisa mashoko kana zvikamu zvikawanikwa. Zviito zvinochinja kubva patsamba dzinonyevera vanhu kusvika kuhapwa nokuda kwokuputsa maune. Pasi pokuongorora nokudzikamisa, mitemo inova isina mazino, uye utano hwevanhu hunova husina kutsarukana.

Dzidzo Yavose

Hurumende dzinodzidzisa vanhu nezvemitemo youtano nemiitiro yakanakisisa. CDC inoita nhimbe pakugeza maoko, kudzivirira nhomba, uye kurwisa mishonga inorwisa utachiona. Madhipatimendi outano omunharaunda anoparadzira mashoko pamusoro pemvura yakanaka, kusvinurira kwemhepo, uye kugadzirira kwekurumidziro.

Mhinduro Yekurumidziro

Mukati memigariro youtano yavose (sokufanana nedenda reCOVID-19, ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, kana kuti zvinoitika zvemioresi yemiocrobic , Hurumende dzinobatanidza zviito. Tractetic Stockpile National Stockpile inoparadzira mishonga nemigove. CDCcoudials Epidemic Intelligence Service vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vezvoutano kuti vanzvere kuvamba kwenjodzi. Hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinopa zvirango zvokudzivisa kukurumidza kukurumidza kuiswa kwezviwirirano. Mitemo yeNharedzi inobvumira kukurumidza kubvisa miuyo yeyamuro.

Kushandisa Mari Nepfuma

Kushandiswa kwemirau youtano yavose kunotsamira pakutsigira mari yakakwana. Federal inopa tsigiro yehurumende nedhipatimendi routano romunzvimbomo, gadziriro dzehosha, uye nzvero. Prevention and Public Health Fund, yakatangwa neAffordal Care Act, inogovera zviwanikwa zvakazvitsaurira nokuda kwemibato inodzivirira. Zvisinei, mari inotsigirwa youtano yavose yave iri chinhu chikuru chakaderera, kuchitungamirira kumasangano asina vashandi uye zvinhu zvinokosha zvechinyakare. Chirwere cheCOVID chakasimbisa migumisiro yokuramba kuchipfuurira kudzorwa, sezvo madhipatimendi akawanda outano anotamburira kutungamirira onano nokuedza.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nemitemo Youtano Hwevanhu Vose

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwawo, mitemo youtano yavose inosangana nezvibingamupinyi zvinokosha zvinogona kusekesa kubudirira kwazvo.

Kushandisa Zvandisingakwanisi

Mari isina kukwana ibasa rinoramba riripo. Madhipatimendi akawanda ezvoutano akaderedza mari kubvira pakuderera kwemari muna 2008, zvichiita kuti vashandi vapere uye vasakwanisa kuongorora. Zvirongwa zvokudzivirira CDC zvinotarisana netyisidziro dzegore negore dzokushatiswa. Pasina midziyo yakakwana, masangano haagoni kuramba achitarisana netyisidziro dziri kumuka, kuongorora panguva yakakodzera, kana kuti kuita dzidzo yavose yakasimba. Sangano rezvoutano revoruzhinji rakazivisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu okurapa eU.S. akanga ava kugadzirirwa nokuda kwamakore okuderera.

Kuramba Zvematongerwe Enyika

Mitemo inowanzosangana nechishoro chinobva mumaindasitiri kana kuti mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika ayo anoarangarira seanodzivisa kana kuti anodhura. Somuenzaniso, makambani efodya akarwisa kare kare zvirambidzo zvokusvuta nokunyevera. Zvokudya nezvinwiwa zvinodzivisa mitero yeshuga nemepu. Mukati medenda, mabhakitikitire nenhomba zvakava zvibvumikiso zvinokatyamadza zvokuva nhevedzano yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvinotungamirira kukuramba nedenho dzapamutemo. Kudzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunogona kutungamirira kukunetesa miraudzo, kupedza kusingadzoreki, kana kuti kupedza chose chose chose. Kudzikamisa utano hwavanhu nezvokwadi yezve yezvero yemari nerevo.

Kushandira Pachena

Kunyange mirau yakasanorongwa inokundikana kana nzanga isati ichiwirirana. Kupa mirau inogona kuva yakaderera nemhaka yokushaikwa kwengwariro, kusavimbwa kwezviremera, tsika dzetsika, kana kuti vhiringidziko. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nzanga dzine nhomba dzakaderera nemhaka yenhema kana kuti zvitendero zvorudzidziso. Varidzi vemijenya vangarega nhano dzinodikanwa dzoutsanana kana vachifunga kuti kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunoitwa. Mitemo inoshanda inoda kwete bedzi mitemo yakajeka asi kuvakawo kuvimba nesonganiro yenzanga.

Kutyisidzira Kwoutano Kunokurumidza

Mishonga mitsva, unyanzvi hutsva, uye mufambiro wenzanga unochinja zvinoda mirau yokuchinja nokukurumidza. Kukwira kwee-cigarettes kunobatwa zvokungwarira, kuchitungamirira kukunonoka kupindura pwere. Antimicrobial shoo ityisidziro iri kuwedzera inoda nhungamiro dzakagadziridzwa dzokushandisa mushonga. Chinjo yemamiriro okunze iri kuunza denho itsva dzoutano(hwutame , kukwira kwakawedzera nokuda kwezvirwere zvakafanana neumhutu, uye kushayika kwemvura. Mitemo inononoka kuvandudza inogona kuva inokurumidza kupera, inosiya vagari vemo vasingakwanisi kubatwa nemishonga inorwisa utachiona.

Kubvumirana Kupfuura Kupomerwa

Kutyisidzira utano kunowanzopfuura miganhu yenzvimbo, nyika, uye nyika. Kupararira kwezvirwere kunoda kushandira pamwe kwemasangano akawanda, anogona kudziviswa nemitemo yakasiyana - siyana, mashoko anopesana, uye zvinotanga kukwikwidza. Kuita kwemarudzi ose kudenderedzwa kwedenda reCOVID-19 rakaratidzwa pachena muutongi hwoutano hwenyika yose. Mukati meU.S., basa rehurumende nemiraudzo yomunzvimbomo zvinogona kuparira kusawirirana / somuenzaniso, mipimo yakasiana - siana yokunzvera munyika dzose inogona kuvhiringidza mabhizimisi uye kusiya nzvimbo dzine dziviriro shoma. Kusimbisa mitoo yokushanda kwehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwegadziriro inoshanda zvakanaka.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Mukudzoreswa Kwoutano Hwavose

Sezvo chaunga chinoshanduka - shanduka, mirau youtano yavose inofanirawo kushanduka - shanduka.

Kuchinja Kweruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Mitapi mikuru, ungwaru hwokugadzira, uye zvishandiso zvezvoutano zvemichina zvinopa nzira itsva dzokutarisira nokushandisa mirayiridzo. Marekodhi outano hwemagetsi anogona kutevera kupfuudzwa kwenhomba uye kumuka kwehosha munguva chaiyo. Michina inovhara inogona kugovera mashoko pamusoro pekunaka kwemhepo, kushanda kwomuviri, uye marongedzero ehope. Kudzidza kwemichina kunogona kufanoziva ngozi dzezvokudya uye purogiramu dzokuongorora. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runowedzerawo zvinetso zvezvakavanzika uye kudikanwa kwemiraudzo pakushandiswa kwemashoko uye tsveyamira.

Kushandira Pamwe Munyika Yose

Kutyisidzira kwoutano hwavanhu kwakawanda muchisiko chenyika yose ($pandemics, kurwisa utachiona, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye kutengeswa kwefodya. Zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvakadai seInternational Health Regation (IHR) neWHOFrameod Convention on Tobacco Commission inosimbisa mipimo yokubatira pamwe. Kusimbisa aya marongedzero nokuvimbisa kutevedzerwa kwamarudzi ose kuchava kwakakomba. Dambudziko reCHOVAD rakasimbisa kudikanwa kwokugoverana nokukurumidza mashoko, majekiseni, uye pfuma. Mitemo yomunguva yemberi ichasimbisa kuchengeteka kwoutano hwenyika yose nemhirizho yakagadzirira.

Kukwana Kweutano

Mitemo yenhau neyazvino uno nguva dzose haina kubatira zviverengero zvose zvavagari vemo zvakaenzana. Nzanga dzinosvika pasi nenzanga dzine ruvara kazhinji kazhinji dzinotarisana nokushatiswa kukuru, kusvika kushoma kuzvokudya zvakanaka, uye migariro youtano yavanhu isina kusimba. Mitemo yenguva yemberi ichada kukurukura zvakajeka iyi paradzano(somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza neruramisiro yezvishandiso zvemhoteredzo, kurukurirano youtano yakakwana yetsika, uye kuchengetwa kwezvoutano munzvimbo dzinochengetwa. Kururamisira kunofanira kuva nheyo yakaumbwa nokushandiswa kwemiraudzo yose.

Matanho Okudzivirira

Kune zivikanwo inowedzera yokuti kudzivisa hosha kunoshanda zvikuru uye hakunyanyi kudhura kupfuura kurapa. Mirairo inosimudzira mufambiro une utano wakadai semacalorie emepu anosimudzirwa mumuviri, ganhuriro pamitengo inosimudzirwa pamibato yokunyama nemitemo inosimudzira chiverengero chavagari vemo chavanhu. Nguva yemberi ichawana simbiso huru pa “kupora mumiitiro yose,” apo dzimba, zvokufambisa, dzidzo, uye kuronga kweguta zvinoyera. Mitemo inodzivisa kuderedza mutoro pagadziriro youtano uye kunatsiridza upenyu.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Noutano

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze iri kutotapura utano kupfurikidza nezvinoitika zvemamiriro okunze akanyanyisa, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nokupisa, zvinetso zvokufema zvinobva kuutsi hwemoto unopisa, uye hosha dzinotapukira. Mitemo ichada kugadzirisa kusimba kwegadziriro dzokuvaka dzinodzivirira padzinopisa, kudzorwa kwemvura kuti dzidzivise kufashamira kufashamira, uye gadziriro dzokutanga kunyevera njodzi dzemhoteredzo. Chiremera cheEPA kudzora mhepo inopisa pasi peEair Act ndicho chinhu chinokosha mumutemo. Mitemo yenguva yemberi ichada kuderedza kubudiswa kwemhepo inopisa uye kugadziridza kumamiriro okunze anochinja.

mhedziso

Mitemo youtano yavose isati iri inooneka asi inokosha inodzivirira upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubvira panguva ino unovhara mazino ako nemvura yakavharwa kusvikira panguva yaunokiya musha wako wakashongedzerwa noutsi, mirau inoshanda. Haina kukwana. Inotarisana nemikaha yemari, chishoro chezvamatongerwe enyika, uye denho yokuvambirana nechinjo dzinokurumidza. Kubvira panguva ino unoramba uri mudziyo wezvishandiso unoshanda zvikurusa wazvinodzivirira hosha uye kusimudzira zvakanaka. Nokunzwisisa kuti iyi miraudzo inoshanda sei nebasa ravanoita muupenyu hwako, unogona kuva mugari wemo akaziva zvikuru uye mutsigiriri wemitemo inodzivirira utano hwomunhu ari wose. Nguva yemberi youtano hunotsamira panhamburiko yokusimbisa, kuita kuti ive, uye kutsigira zvakanaka mitemo iyi inokosha.