Zvakaita Michina Yezvinobudisa Mashoko Mumhoteredzo Dzemashoko Dzazvino Uno

Rusaruraganda hachisi chinhu chitsva, asi migumisiro yarwo yazova huru sezvo mashoko akawanda uye pfungwa zviri mairi zvinoputika muzvikamu zvemichina. Vagari vanofamba munzanga dzakakamukana umo maatomma, makambani, uye mashoko okunyora anowanzoumba zvavanoona. Kunzwisisa mirangariro yezvinobudisa nhau kunokosha kumunhu upi noupi anoda kupinda muupenyu hwehurumende, nemhaka yokuti kushuma kwakaipa kunogona kukanganisa kunzwisisa zvinhu chaizvoizvo, kunosimbisa zvitendero, uye pakupedzisira kunetesa nzira yedemokratiki. Nyaya ino inogovera kunzvera kwakakwana zvimiro zvakawanda zvetsika dzezvinobudisa nhau, nzira dzinopesvedzera nadzo kuvimbisana, nzira dzinoshanda dzokuziva nadzo tsvedzano mumashoko unoshandisa, uye mazano okudzidzisa kurava muzvikoro nenzanga.

Kurondedzera Zvirevo Zvenhau: Zvinopfuura Chifukidziro Chenhando

Pamavambo paro, mirangariro yenhau inonongedzera kukusatsarukana kwenhau kudivi rimwe chete repfungwa, kana kuti muuyo pane dzimwe. Bias anogona kutungamirirwa nemugadziridzo wezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti vavariro dzemhindu dzinobudiswa — kana kuti nenzira isina namaune, kubva mufungidziro dzevatori venhau dzisina mufungo, manyuko akaganhurirwa, kana kuti kuganhurirwa kwenguva nezviwanikwa. Chisakiso ndechokuti tsvete ndechekuti tsvedzero hachingochinji bedzi nhau dzinotaurwa asiwo kuti manzwii anobatanidzwa, uye mutauroi unoshandiswa. Kuziva kuti masangano ose enhau ane mwero wakati wokusarura gandanga inhano. Chino hachisi kubvisa chose chose chose chisakiso — asi kazhinji hachibviri — kuti unzwisise kuti ugone kutsanangura mashoko nenzira yakarurama uye kuita kuti ugone kuzivikanwa somugari wemugari wezviko.

Zvimiro Zvezvinobudisa Nhau: Chinodziya Zvikuru

Kusarura kwezvinobudisa nhau kunotora zvimiro zvakawanda, uye chimiro chimwe nechimwe chinogona kupesvedzera nzwisiso yavanhu munzira dzakasiyana - siyana.Hedzino marudzi anozivikanwa zvikurusa, akakura kubva mumapoka makuru.

Kusarudza Bias

Kusarudza fungidziro kunoitika apo masangano enhau anosarudza kufukidza zvimwe zviitiko achifuratira zvimwe. Ikoku kunogona kuitika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda: nhau ingawirirana nechimiro chomupepeti wenhau, inokweva vaoni vakawanda kana kuti kuffaidza, kana kuti kuva nyore kufukidza. Nokufamba kwenguva, fungidziro inoparira mufananidzo wakamonyaniswa wezvomenemene. Somuenzaniso, kana redhisi renhau risingadzokeri kufukidza kunyunyuta kwamasimba masimba rimwe boka rezvamatongerwe enyika nepo risingatendi misangano ine rugare kubva kune mumwe, varairi vachatanga kunzwisisa kwakashatiswa kwomufambiro weboka iroro. Kusarudza kunoshandawo kukusiiwa kwenhau dzakati, zvakadai sokufukidza nhau dzemari dzinopfuurirwa nomusikiridzo dzinopfudza kupfurikidza nechiratiri apo inofuratira kodzero dzebasa.

Kuumba Bias

Kuisa pfungwa panzvimbo inotevedzerwa nyaya yacho kunoreva nzira iyo nyaya yacho inoratidzwa nayo — maengile, mashoko akapoteredza, uye kusimbiswa kumamwe maidi. Chinoitika chimwe chetechi chinogona kuiswa senjodzi, mukana, nhau inofarirwa nomunhu, kana kuti rwisano yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvichitsamira pakusarudza kwokubudisa nhau. Kunzwisisa tsveyamisano kunoda kufungwa nezvakatangira, kuenzanisa kunoitwa, uye kunzi kunzi "mutero" kunobatsira mhuri kana kuti se "kupiwa vapfumi" kunowedzera kuperevera. Tsana dzose dzinogona kuva dzakarurama, asi dzinotungamirira varavi kumhedziso dzakasiyana - siyana. Kuziva tsvo kunoda kufungwa nezvinoitwa kare, kuenzanisa kunoitwa, uye kunzi nyanzvi kana kuti vanoroverwa danda.

Mutauro Bias

Kusarura mitauro kunobatanidza kushandiswa kwamashoko okushatiswa kana kuti anonzwika anokosha zvikuru. Vatori venhau vangasarudza mashoko akadai se "mutami asina kunyorwa" mutorwa wedare," "kurondedzera upenyu" mukupesana na"Anti-abhorition," kana kuti "prochocation" zvichipesana "project". Shoko rimwe nerimwe rinoita kuti kuita kwemirangariro nezvamatongerwe enyika kuve kwakasiyana. Rurimi rwakasiyana rwemirangariro nerwezvematongerwe enyika ruve runofanira kurovedzwa kucherekedza shoko nezvinotsiva zvaigona kushandiswa. Vadzidzi navagari vemo vanofanira kurovedzwa kucherekedza shoko nezvinotsiva.

Kuiswa Panzvimbo Nokudzoserwazve

Kunobuda nhau munhepfenyuro, pepanhau, kana kuti website inoratidza ukoshi hwayo hunooneka. Nhau inoiswa papeji yokutanga kana kuti senhau muzvokudya zvenhau inorangarirwa kuva inokosha zvikuru kupfuura imwe yakavigwa pakati pepepa. Kunyorwa kunopawo ukoshi: kana nhau ichidzokororwa kakawanda munhau kana kuti zvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, vanhu vangangodavira kuti ndezvechokwadi uye zvinokosha. Rudzi urwu rwefungidziso runogona kuvaka dzimwe nhau apo runenge ruchikwidza vamwe, kunyange kana mutsetse wenhau wezviteshipiso usingatsigiri. Kunzvera misoro nenhau yakasiyana - siyana kunogona kuzivisa izvo kutaura kumwe nokumwe kunorangarira kunokosha munhau.

Mitambo Yamabhiya

Kusarura rudzi rwakati rwekusarudza apo maidi akati, mirangariro, kana kuti nhau dzose dzinosiyiwa mumushumo. Ikoku kunogona kuitika nemhaka yokuti manyuko haanzverwi, nhamba haibatanidzwa, kana kuti kupesana hakubvumwi. Kusarura kune ngozi zvikuru nemhaka yokuti kwakaoma kuziva — varavi vangasaziva kuti havazivi mashoko anokosha. Somuenzaniso, nhau pamusoro pokuwedzera kwourovha ingarega kuti kurasikirwa nebasa kunoiswa muindasitiri yakati kana kuti nzvimbo, kuchitungamirira kumhedziso dzakafara zvikuru. Kuenzanisa chinoitika chimwe chetecho kunenge kuri nzira yakanakisisa yokuziva nayo zvasiyiwa.

Kuronga Nokuva Mushandi

Zviteshi zvenhau mabhizimisi, uye varidzi vazvo, vashambadzi, uye vabengi vane fariro dzinogona kuumba zvisarudzo zvenhau. Tsika dzinodzorwa munhau dzinoitika apo kufukidzwa kwenhau kunofadza fariro dzebhizimisi romubereki kana kuti kudzivisa nhau dzingagumbura vashambadzi. Somuenzaniso, chisote chemasangano ane zvibvumirano zvokudzivirira zvingaderedza kutsutsutsumwa kwehondo. Nenzira yakafanana, kubvisa mari inotsigirwa nevanopa mari inotsigirwa navapi vezvamatongerwe enyika kungakwidziridza maererano neizvozvo. Kuziva kuti ndiani wemanyuko mamwe namamwe mashoko rutivi rwakakomba rwekurangarira tsvesa. Manyuko akadai se Allides Media Media Medias uye [FLT] Mediactal /FFFFF]

Kubatanidzwa Kunoita Kubatanidzwa Kwezvinobudisa Nhau

Kuvimbisana kwechibvumirano kunobatanidza kuvhota, kuzvipira, kupinda misangano yomunzanga, kuonana nevakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, uye kutora rutivi muhurukuro yavose.

Kupengeswa Kwezuva Nembariro Dzechokufema

Chimwe chetapuro dzinotsigirwa zvikurusa dzeshambidziko yezvinobudisa nhau kubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kana vanhu vapedza nhau kubva bedzi kumanyuko anosimbisa zvitendero zvavo zviripo, vanova vanodzika midzi mumirangariro yavo uye havadi kurangarira mirangariro yakasiana. Ichi chiitiko chinosimbiswa nemitemo pamaplatifomu enzanga anopa mibato inopa vashandisi zvavanoda kuti vaite, kugadzira nzvimbo dzokufekitera. Nhevedzo yezvokutsvaka mashoko. Njodzisa, vagari vemo vangasvika pakuona avo vari kune rumwe rutivi sevavengi pane vagari vemo vemo vane zvinhu zvinokosha zvakasiyana. Vanhu vemonete navesvoswo zvavo havakwanisi kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Kunzvera kushandira hurumende inoshandira. Kunzvera kunoitwa [[FLT:]

Kuodzwa Mwoyo Nokusakendenga

Haasi munhu ari wose anogamuchira mirangariro yezvinobudisa nhau kupfurikidza nokuva vanosarura zvikuru; vazhinji vanova vanopanikira uye vanozvidza chose chose. Apo vagari vemo vanorangarira kuti nhau dzinoramba dzichisarurwa kana kuti kusavimbika, vangasarudza kuti kuvhota kana kuti kutora rutivi muupenyu hwomunzanga hakubetseri nemhaka yokuti havagoni kuwana mashoko akavimbika kuti vaite zvisarudzo. Uku kunzwa kwakapararira zvikuru pakati pavana vaduku vakakura mumhoteredzo yezvinobudisa nhau yakapararira zvikuru. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti kusavimba muzvinobudisa nhau kwakabatanidzwa nokusabatanidzwa kwakaderera kwevotapuko. Vafundisi navatungamiriri venzanga vanofanira kutaura nokusavimba uku kupfurikidza nokudzidzisa unyanzvi hwokunzvera nokuratidzira kuti mashoko akavimbika kuchiri kunobvira.

Kusaziva Uye Kukanganisa Kunoita Vanhu

Kushuma kwakaipa kunogona kuparadzira mashoko asina kururama zvakananga, zvimwe kupfurikidza nokupa kutaura kwenhema pasina kuva nechokwadi chakakwana kana kuti kupfurikidza nokusiya maidi makuru angapokanidza nhau inosarudzwa. Somuenzaniso, mukati mesarudzo, kubudisa kwakaipa kungaparira runyerekupe rusingabvumiki pamusoro pomubhadhari, uye runyerekudzo irworwo runogona kupararira zvikuru vasati vadzikwa. Misprojectss inoshayisa mano avagari vemo okuita zvisarudzo zvenyuko zvapamutemo pabhokisi rebhorati uye kubvisa chivimbo mumasangano ezvokunyora nokunyora nokunyora nokunyora mashoko. Masangano echiMedia anogona kuisa ngwariro paidi rechokwadi namavambo anokosha. Sa [[FLT:] Projectsproject [[FFF:1]]

Kuziva Zviratidzo Zvezvirevo Zvenhau: Nhungamiro Inoshanda

Kukwanisa kuona kusarurana munhau unyanzvi hunovandudza nokushandisa.Pazasi pane zviratidzo zvinogona kushanda zvinogona kubatsira munhu upi noupi kuongorora kunyanyoshandiswa kwazvo kwezvinobudisa nhau.

Cherechedza Kunyorwazve kweManyuko uye Kubhadharwa

Usati wavimba nenyaya ipi neipi yenhau kana kuti paradzira, wana nguva yokunzvera nzira yokubudisa nayo. Tsvaka mashoko pamusoro pohuvaki hwayo, miitiro yokupepeta, uye manyuko okushandisa mari. Independero, masangano anhau asingapinduri mhindu angava nemhesano dzakasiana-shambadza kupfuura zvibudiso zvesangano. Shandisa nzvimbo dzechitatu dzakafanana ne Ad Fontes Media [ iyo inoronga kubuda parst-rective relicy. Rangarira kana kuti kubuda kwaparura ruramisiro munguva yakapfuura uye kuti kwakajeka sei pamusoro pomugadziri wenhau wayo.

Ongorora Misoro Nendima Dzinotungamirira

Misoro inowanzova rutivi rwakaipa zvikurusa rwenyaya nemhaka yokuti yakarongedzerwa kubata ngwariro. Enzanisa musoro mukuru nenyaya yacho: musoro mukuru unoratidzira zvakarurama here zviri mukati, kana kuti unokatutsira kana kuti unorerutsa here?

Tsvaka Mutauro Wakarerekera Uye Kufadza Kwemirangariro

Sezvambotaurwa, kusarudzwa kwemashoko kunogona kuratidza kusatora rutivi. Kuisa parutivi zvitsama nezviito zvine revo dzakasimba. Mashoko akafanana "perroristist," "murwi werusununguko," "crisis," "scandral," "hero," uye "kukundikana" hakuwanzovi nechekare. Cherekedzawo adverbs ("zvinotyisa,") uye dimicro rinoreva rutongeso rwakati (g., "ache chetsoro") ne "gas retsigiro". Kuziva mutauro unoiswa chinhu chinokosha mukuona kupfurikidza nemirangariro.

Ronga Dzikamo Yamanyuko Nemirangariro

Nyaya yakadzikama ichanokora mashoko manyuko akawanda anomirira mirangariro yakasiana. Kana nhau pamusoro pomuitiro unomutsa nharo inobatanidza bedzi manzwi kubva kurutivi rumwe, ndiwo mureza mutsvuku. Kunyange kana nyaya yacho isingatsigiri zvakajeka, kusiiwa kwemashoko anopesana kunowirirana nerusaruro. Tarira mhatsa muunyanzviwo: vazivi, vanachiremba, uye vagari vemo vezuva riri rose vanobatanidzwa, kana kuti bedzi vezvamatongerwe enyika namapomendi?

Ngwarira Kuti Pasave Nemanzwiro Anoita Chirwere

Pane dzimwe nguva rusaruro harusi muizvo zvinotaurwa asi muzvinosiiwa zvisina kujeka. Nyaya yacho inopa here nzvimbo yakakwana kuti unzwisise nhau yacho? Inodudza zvinoitika zvakapfuura, mitoo yenhau, kana kuti mashoko angachinja kududzira? kana nyaya ichipa nhamba imwe chete pasina mashoko akapoteredza — chimboti, "Ugandanga hwawedzera ne20%" pasina kujeka kuti huchiri mumugariro wakaderera wenhau — izvo kusiiwa kunogona kutsausa. Nguva dzose bvunza: Chii chandingada kuziva kunzvera ichi chirevo chakarurama?

Shandisa Kuongorora Kwechokwadi Nokushandisa Kupa Nhengo

Apo unosangana nokutaura kunoratidzika kuva kunoshamisa zvikuru kana kuti kunowirirana zvakakwana nemurangariro wevatsigiri, kuipupurira. Website yakadai seCheck.org, PolitiFact, uye Snopes dzakatsaurirwa kubvisa nhema. Mukuwedzera, kutarira kuti nhau imwe cheteyo inofukidzwa sei namabudiro anozivikanwa ane tsvo dzakasiana - siana dzinogona kuzivisa icho chimwe nechimwe chinosimbisa kana kuti kubvisa. Allsides anopa kupesana kumativi ose kwenhau kubva kuruboshwe, pakati, uye mirangariro yakarurama.

Kudzidzisa Kunyora Nezvinobudisa Mashoko: Zvirongwa Zvevadzidzisi Nevabereki

Kurwisa kusasarura kwezvinobudisa nhau kunotangira padzidzo.zvikoro, mayunivhesiti, uye masangano enzanga zvine basa rokushongedzera vanhu unyanzvi hwokuziva nhau.Hedzi nzira dzakakura dzokudzidzisa vanhu kuverenga nokunyora.

Mibato Yekirasi Inovaka Unyanzvi Hunotsoropodza

Kurava nokunyora zvinobudirira hazvisi muitiro. Vadzidzi ngavaongorore chimwe chiitiko chenhau muzvikamu zvakawanda — kubva kuCNN, Fox News, NPR, uye bhuku rokumwe seBBC kana kuti Al Jazeera — uye cherechedza kusiyana mukunyora, kunobva, uye mutauro. Vakumbirirei kunyora kuongorora kupfupi kwezvavanocherechedza. Kukumbira vadzidzi kunyora musoro wenhau usina kutsiga munzira isina kwawakarerekera uye kukurukura zvinetso. Zvinetso nekurukurirano dzakarongwa pamusoro pezviitiko zvazvino uno, uko vadzidzi vanofanira kudzivirira nzvimbo vachishandisa ufakazi hwakasiyana - siyana hwemanyuko, uyewo vanosimbisa kufunga kwokutsoropodza. Kukurudzira vadzidzi kuchengeta "rusaruro" apo vanonyora mienzaniso mukati mevhiki imwe yavanosangana.

Zvinhu Zvinowanikwa Vadzidzi Nevakadzidza Upenyu Hwose

Masangano akawanda anogovera zvinhu zvokugona kunyora nokunyora zvapachena, zvine mutevedzeri wakakwirira wezvinobudisa mashoko. Mashoko eTechnicology Project inopa zvidzidzo zvinobatsira vadzidzi vepachikoro chapakati nesekondari. Center for News Literacy paStony Brook University ine zvidzidzo zvakawanda paIndaneti. Kuvakuru, American Press Institute's "News Literacycy" nhevedzano inogovera mirayiridzo yokuongorora manyuko. Maraibhurari omunzvimbomo anowanzoisa mashopu. Kubatanidza izvi zvinhu mumitemo yekirasi nepurogiramu dzenzanga kunogona kuparira tsika yokusava nepanikiro.

Kukurudzira Miitiro Yenhau Ine Utano

Kupfuura dzidzo yechikoro, vabereki navadzidzisi vanogona kutevedzera tsika dzakanaka. Kurudzira vechiduku kurava mashoko kubva mumanyuko akasiyana - siyana, kwete chete zvinobudisa nhau dzavo dzomusocial network zvinopa zvokudya. Kurukurai zvinoitika zvazvino patafura yezvokudya, muchivabvunza mibvunzo yakadai seyokuti: “Nei uchifunga kuti nhau iyi iri kufukidzwa neiyi nzira? uye "Pane imwe rutivi here kuiyi nhau? ”?

Mugumisiro: Kuvaka Mugari Wemo Akadzidziswa Munyika Yakatsvikinyidzirwa

Kusarura kwezvinobudisa nhau hakusi kupera, asi simba rakwo rinogona kukanganiswa nevoruzhinji vanoziva uye vakadzidza. Kunzwisisa marudzi orusaruro, kuziva simba rarwo pabvumirano dzevagari vemo, uye kutanga unyanzvi hunoshanda hwokuyera nhau zvose zvinokosha kuti vazive chizivano yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vane utano. Kana vagari vemo vachigona kuziva chizivano, kuronga mano okusarudza, kunyengera, uye kusaita, havazonyanyi kukwanisa kushandisa uye kuva nechivimbo mumano avo okuita zvinhu muupenyu hwavo hwepachena. Vadzidzisi, vabereki, uye vatungamiriri venzanga vane basa rinokosha rokushandisa mukupfuudza unyanzvi uhwu kuchizvarwa chinotevera. Nokusimudzira kugona kunyora mashoko, hatingovandudzi kukwanisa kukurukura nhau dzinofungwa nemunhu oga oga oga chete, kuita zvisarudzo zvinofungwa, uye kuva nesimba rokuzvidavirira. Muzera remashoko, ndangariro inokosha zvikuru ipfungwa inokosha zvikuru.