Mitero Inotangira Uye Inovandudza Mapoka MuIndia

India yakabuda seimwe yenzvimbo dzinotanga zvikuru dzenyika, inosundwa zvikuru nefashoni huru yesundo dzemitero nemhinganidzo. Sangano rehurumende rinobatanidza mazororo emitero akananga, kutora mari yenzufu kusino kubvumirwa, R&D, uye kubvumira kuderedza mutengo wokuita bhizimisi uye kukurudzira kuzviisa pangozi. Iyi mitoo inogadzirwa kwete bedzi kutsigira mavambo emunhu oga asiwo kusimbisa mibato yemitero, vatambi, uye zvirongwa zvinoumba nzvimbo yepamusoro penzvimbo dzebhizimisi.

Nokuda kwavavambi, vagadziri vemitengo, uye vavaki vezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo, kunzwisisa musiyano wakazara webetsero dzemitero dziripo kunokosha kukudza kushanda zvakanaka kwedzimbahwe nokukura kwenguva refu. Nyaya inopa kunzvera kune chiremera, kugadzirwa kwezvikarakadzo zvemitero zvinopiwa nehurumende dzepakati peIndia nehurumende, migariro yokufara, uye revo dzinoshanda nokuda kwemavambo nenzvimbo itsva. Iro rinodudzawo chinjo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, ngozi dzavose, uye kurangarira kwakarongwa kwemipimo yegadziriro idzi zvinobudirira.

Kupfuudzira Mitero muIndia

Gadziriro yemitero yeIndia inogovera mabudire ebetsero dzakasanogadzirirwa kumabhizimisi matsva. Gadziriro huru inovakwa pa Indiya yokutangazve, inotanga muna 2016, uye inowedzerwa negadziriro dzakasiana-----shaidzo muIncome Taxik, 1961, Befos ne Service Recure , uye mitemo yenzvimbo yenzvimbo yebhizimisi. Iyi kurudziro dzinoda kutsiva nhano dzakawanda dzekuvamba kwechiteshi: kuvambira pachikamu chemberiso nokukura, kukwira, uye kubuda kwokupedzisira.

Zvikurukuru, kurudziro dzemitero dzinopinda mumapoka anotevera:

  • [ Kubhadharwa mazororo emitero - kuhesvura kana kuti kusava nebetsero yemari kwenhambo yakatarwa.
  • Mhindu dzeCapita dzinosunungura[ - nyaradzo padzinobuda mukutengeswa kwezvinhu kana kuti goverano, zvikurukuru apo dzinodzorerwa kuva mavambo akakodzera.
  • R &D uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakajekeswa [[[FL:1] - zvinoderedza uremu nokuda kwendyiko pakunzvera kwesayenzi, kunzvera kwezvokurapa, uye kukura kwounyanzvi.
  • Kuedza pamusoro pemari nokushandisa mari [[FLT: 1] - zororo kubva kuinonzi “mutero wengirozi” mumigariro yakati, uye kuhesvurwa nokuda kwemari yedzimbahwe.
  • , uye tsika dzinobetsera[-kadzika-dukusa mwero kana kuti kusabvumirwa pamitengo nenhumbi huru zvinoshandiswa namasimba makuru okuvandudza uye mapombi eR&D.
  • [[[FOL:0] Kubatanidza[ - kushanda kwokuzviratidza, kuderedza kunzvera, uye kunyoresa kwokukurumidza.

Mupimo Wokukwanisa Kubhadhara Mutero Wokutanga

Kuti rikwanirise nokuda kwezvizhinjisa zvezvinokwezva pasi peamburera yeIndia yokutanga, sangano rinofanira kuzivikanwa semavambo neBato reKusimudzira Indaneti neTrade yeInternstry (DPIIT). Zvinodiwa zvinoda (sokubvira muna 2025):

  • Kambani yacho inofanira kuva kambani yakaganhurirwa, LLP, kana kuti kambani yevhota.
  • Inofanira kuva ine makore ari pasi pe10 kubva pamusi wokubatanidzwa.
  • Kuchinja kwegore negore hakufaniri kupfuura mazakwatira emari 6100 aipfuura makore ose aipfuura.
  • Sangano racho rinofanira kushanda kuti ritange, rivandudze, kana kuti rivandudze zvinhu, mabasa, kana kuti rive muenzaniso webhizimisi unobhadhara uye unokwanisa kuwana mabasa kana kuti upfumi.

Masumo anoumbwa nemutengi kana kuti kuvakwazve kwebhizimisi riripo handizvo zvakakodzera. Mukuwedzera, kuzivikanwa kwePIDIT kunofanira kuwedzerwa kana sangano rikachinja basa raro guru kana kuti chivako. Parinenge razivikanwa, kutanga kunogona kuzviyamura pachako nokuda kwamakore matatu anotevedzana kubva mumakore gumi okutanga — kuchinja kubva pa “Window rinomwe regore” rakaitwa muna 2023.

Chikamu 80-IAC: Gadziriro Yezororo Romutero

Chikamu chenheyo chebetsero dzakananga dzemavambo emitero yeIndia ndi Kuvamba 80-IAC kweInco] yeIdage Tax Act. Iyi gadziriro inobvumira 100% papurofiti nemhindu dzinotorwa mubhizimisi rakakodzera nokuda kwamakore matatu anotevedzana. Chitsaurirwa chinowanika pakusarudzwa kwokuvamba, kureva kuti bhizimisi rinogona kusarudza makore matatu mukati menhambo yokutanga yegore gumi kuti rishandise zororo, nokudaro richikwanirisa makore akawanda nemari inobhadharwa mitero yakakwirira zvikuru.

Kuti uone kuderera kuri pasi peChikamu 80-IAC, mavambo anofanira:

  • Iva mavambo anozivikanwa naDPIT.
  • Iva mubhizimisi rokugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, kuvandudza, kugadzira, kana kuti kutengesa zvinhu zvitsva, maitiro, kana kuti mabasa anotungamirirwa noruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kana kuti zvinhu zvedzidzo.
  • Hakusati kuchiumbwa kupfurikidza nokuparadzana kana kuti kuvakazve bhizimisi riripo.
  • Faira faira fomu rakanyorwa (Form 1C) neIndivatage Department yeMutero usati wanyora kudzoka kwegore rokutanga umo kubviswa kwacho kunoitwa.

Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti kuderedza kwacho kunoshanda bedzi kumari inobva kubhizimisi rakakodzera, kwete kuimwe mari yakadai semhindu yemari, kana kuti mari isina kutsarukana. Masumo anofanira kuchengeta mabhuku akasiana ebasa akakodzera nokuda kwebhizimisi kana akaita mibato yakawanda. Mukuwedzera, apo nguva yezororo yamakore matatu inenge yapera, kutanga hakugoni kuwana kumwe kuderera pasi pechikamu ichi.

Guta Rinowana Kudzvinyirirwa Kwemitero Nokuda Kwavavezi Vemari Navatangi Vacho

Kukurudzira kuisa mari mumavambo, hurumende inopa kubviswa kwa 54GB pakubudirira kwenhambo refu yedzimbahwe (LTCG) kunotangira kubva pakutengeswa kwezvinhu zvinogara kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu, kana mari yakatengwa ikatangazve kuva musi unotarwa weDPIT isati yatanga mutero wemari inodzorwa. Kuregeredzwa kwacho kunowanika kumunhu kana kuti kumhuri isina kubatanidzwa neHindu (HUF) inoshandisa mambure kunyoresa kubhadharira kutengwa kwechitsama chitsama chitsama chinoshandiswa pakutenga zvinhu zvitsva (planeti, michina, makombiyuta, zvichingodaro) nokuda kwebhizimisi.

Mutengi anofanirawo kuva ne50% yegoverano yokutanga kana kuti kuchengeta maruramiro okuvhota avanenge 50% mukambani. Kutanga kunofanira kushandisa mari yacho kuwana muti mutsva nemichina mukati megore rimwe kubva pamusi wokuzvinyoresa. Iyi gadziriro inokwezva zvikuru nokuda kwavarongi vengirozi navanhu vanokosha zvikuru vanoda kudzoresa mhindu kubva kunzvimbo chaiyoiyo kana kuti zvimwe purojekedzo kupinda mumabasa apakuvamba pasina kunyandura chikwereti chemitero.

Mukuwedzera, ISAURO 54E inogovera kusunungurwa pamibayiro mikuru kana munhu akaisa mari mumitengo yemari yehurumende (zvakadai seAlternative Ivestivement Fund nokuda kwemisimira inopfuudzwa) kwenhambo duku yemwedzi 36. Nepo ikoku kusati kuri kusiinwa kwakananga kusunungurwa kwenzvimbo yapasi nezvivako zvemari.

Kubatsira Mutero Wengirozi: Chikamu 56(2)(vibib)

Humwe hwegadziriro dzinokakavadzana zvikurusa nokuda kwokuvamba kweIndia hwakava “mutero wengirozi” unonzi pasi peChikamu 56(2) (viIB) cheIniver Tax Act, iyo mitero inogoverwa nekambani pamutengo waipfuura ukoshi hwayo hwakakwana hwemari yakabva kumamwe manyuko. Kwamakore akawanda, iyi gadziriro yakaparira kusazivakanzverwa kwokutanga mari pamusoro pemipimo yemitengo yemimbure, kuchitungamirira kugakava nemhindu.

Muna 2019, hurumende inosunungura mavambo anozivikanwa kubva mukushanda kweChikamu 56(2) (viB), pasi pemigariro. Kusunungurwa kuri kuteererwa panguva ino kwakakwana: hapana mutero wengirozi unotengwa panhau yegadziro inozivikanwa nemavambo kuvatengi vemitengi, vatengi vasiri vatungamiriri, uye mari yakati, zvakagovera mafaira okutanga zviziviso zviri madikanwa necheseidzo yapamari yose kubva kuvatengi vose (kubatanidza mari) haipfuure 9325 cr reries mugore remari. Nokuda kwokushuma kwokuwedzera kunobva kuvasiri vagari vemo, vatsigiriki vehurumende vanoisa mari mumitengo yokumwe miraudzo yokumwe inodikanwa.

Mavambo kwete[FLT] PIT-1] Anozivikanwa anoramba ari mungozi kukuyera mutero wengirozi. Central Board of Directive Confect Confect Confect Confect (CDT) yakabudisa nhungamiro dzokuderedza kutsarukana, asi vavambi vanorayirwa zvakasimba kuwana kuzivikanwa kwe DPIT vasati vabvuma kutengwa kwemari inobhadharwa. Sekwa 2024, hurumende yakabvisawo kepisi pachitsama chikuru chinobhadharwa uye inogoverana nokuda kwemavambo akakodzera, kugovera imwe shambiso.

Kudzvinyirirwa Kwevamiririri Nevamiririri Vemitero

Mizinda yokuvandudza zvinhu, maincubater, uye mapaki esayenzi zvinoita basa rinokosha mukutsigira kutanga kwemavambo echikuva. Gadziriro yemitero yeIndia inoziva ikoku kupfurikidza nokupa kusunungurwa kwakarongwa uye kubviswa kunzvimbo dzakadaro, zvose zviri zviviri pamwero wapakati nepakati pehurumende.

Kuwana Mugove Wevabatsiri uye Wenzira

Pasi peChikamu 10(23JC), mari yesangano resayenzi kana kuti sangano rakatenderwa nokuda kwedonzo rokukudziridza mhoteredzo itsva rinohesvurwa pamutero. Uku kuhesvurwa kunoshanda kumari inowanwa kubva mukuvamba, kubatanidza mari inobhadharwa nokuda kwechidzidzo, denga, uye kukwanisa kuwana midziyo. Sangano racho rinofanira kutenderwa nechiremera chakagadzwa (Mutungamiriri weIncomential COS) uye rinofanira kushandisa mari yaro yose uye chose chose chose kuzvinhu zvarinoisirwa.

Mukuwedzera, vabhengi vakanyoreswa pasi pegadziriro yeFreest India vanogona kuwana GST kusunungurwa pakugoverwa kwemasangano kumavambo e DPIT-anozivikanwa. Somuenzaniso, mabasa anopiwa nomuvengi kutanga muchimiro cherovedzo, rondedzero, uye zvivako zverabhoritari zvinosunungurwa kubva kuGST pasi peSaziro 12/2017-Central TECTS (Rate), pamusoro pemigariro.

Madhigirii ER&D Nezvinoderedza Kurema

Masangano anopinda mukunzvera kwesayenzi anogona kukumbira kuderedza uremu hweR&D 35 uye REKURONGA 35AB yeIniting Teax Act. Nepo kurema kweR&D (apo pa200%) kwave kwatemwa nokuda kwamakambani mutero mutsva, kuchiwanika nokuda kwemasangano anosarudza mutero wekare. Zvisinei, mipiro yokutenderwa kunzvera mabhiri, mayunivhesiti, uye makoreji anokwaniriswa nokuda kweuremu hunokwana 150% (zvinobviswa kubva pa200% yemitengo yemari 2020).

Nokuda kwenzvimbo itsva dzinoisa mari mukubudirira kwemirimo, muedzo wezvokurima, kana kuti nzvero yokurima, National Institute of Phmaraceutical Education and Research (NIP) neBato reScientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) zvinogovera nhungamiro pakukwanirisa ndyiko. Masumo namadzimbahwe zvinofanira kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvakasanorongwa zvendyiko dzeR&D, kubatanidza mibhadharo yamasayendisiti, ndyiko yezvinhu zvisati zvagadzirwa, uye kuderera kwemichina yokunzvera.

Mitero Yepanhangemutange Yokuchinja

Nyika dzakawanda dzeIndia dzinopa zvikarakadzo zvokuwedzera zvemitero kukwezva misha mitsva navatsigiri. Mienzaniso mikuru inobatanidza:

  • Karnataka – Reimbursement of State GST (SGST) uye zviteshi zvebasa nokuda kweIT nemushonga wemichina.
  • Tamil Nadu – Mwero yenyika yakagadzirwa yaSubsid nokuda kwamapaki esayenzi uye 100% inohesvurwa pamutero wamagetsi kwamakore mashanu okutanga.
  • Telamena – Kupa mari yemari nokurega kubhadharwa kwemibhadharo yetendero yavavengi iri muHydebad’s Life Sciences Park.
  • Maharashtra – Rebate pamisengwa yezvibvumirano zvine chokuita nokuchinja kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye kugadzira zvinhu.

Uyezve, misha yemasangano emisionari inogona kukurukura nezvemazororo ezvinhu nemasangano emasoja, kunyanya ayo ari muIT/ITES kana kuti nzvimbo chaidzo dzezvemari.SEZ Act, 2005, inoramba ichigovera kurasika kwemitero kwemasangano anoendesa mari kune dzimwe nyika, kunyange zvazvo musi wokunyura kwezuva wemapoka matsva eSEZ wapfuura; mapoka aripo achiri kugona kuwana betsero pasi pehurumende yekare.

Zvimwe Zvinobatsira Vanotanga Kudzidza

Kupfuura mazororo emitero akananga nokusabvumirwa, mhoteredzo yezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo yeIndia inopa betsero yechipiri inoderedza ndyiko inobudirira yokuita bhizimisi ndokukurumidzisa kukura.

Kunzvera Nokuongorora Kunokurumidza

Prevents India Intellical Prevention Purealective (IP) Swear inopa kunzverwa kwokukurumidza kwenzira yezvishandiso zvine maruramiro zvinochengetwa kupfurikidza nokuvamba, kuderedza nguva chaiyo kubva mumakore anoverengeka kusvikira kumwedzi iri 12. Kuwedzera, kutanga kunogona kushandisa 80% pamitengo yepamutemo uye 50% yemitengo yokuisa chiratidzo, kana kuenzaniswa nepomendi inotedzerwa. Iyi kurudziro inova inokosha nokuda kwevavaki vemichina inotsamira paruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye inoda kutanga kodzero dzeIP nokukurumidza kukwezva vatsigiriki kana kuti kudzivirira vakwikwidzani.

Kutsigira Nevamiririri Vehurumende

Hurumende ye Fund of Fund for Priestations (FFS), inotarisirwa neFouders Development Bank yeIndia (SIDBI), yakagovera inopfuura 7610 000 yemari yokuisa pamwe chete Ivestice Fund (AIFS) iyo, yakaisawo mari mukutanga kwePPIT-itazwi. Nepo mari yacho pachayo haisi kurudziro yomutero, mubereko nemari inowanwa neaya maAIFF kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inobviswa mumitero mugadziriro dzakananga, kuumba dzimbahwe rakaderera. Mukuwedzera, profix - shanti yeIndial Seed Fund inogovera 050 la kh mumupiro wembeudzo wemberiso, uyo unogona kushandiswa nokuda kwokugadzirwa, purojeti, kutengeserana, uye kupinda mumisika.

Kutsaurirwa Kwokunyoresa Nokushandira Pamwe

Masumo akanyorwa pasi pepurogiramu yeIndia yokutanga anobatsirwa nemiitiro iri nyore yokuita zvinhu, kusanganisira:

  • Kuzvipupurira pasi pemitemo 9 yebasa nemitemo 3 yemhoteredzo kwenhambo yamakore matatu.
  • Kubviswa pakuongorora mutero pachikamu 44AB kana purovhinzi yacho isingapfuuri 7610 crore (kusvika kwenguva dzose kwema67 emamwe mabhizimisi).
  • Mano okuronga mitero inodzorwa nemitero achishandisa chimiro chisina kuoma (ITR-5 kana ITR-6) chine rudungwe rwakaderedzwa.
  • Hapana chinodikanwa kuchengeta magwaro okuendesa akakwirira nokuda kwokutenga namabhizimisi akabatana nechepazasi pechikumbaridzo chakati, achigona kuwirwa nemigariro.

GST Coming Screadism Nekusunungurwa

Masumo ane argreate anosvika pajiro (6875 lakh mune dzimwe nyika) anogona kusarudza gadziriro yesvomhu yeGST, inoabvumira kubhadhara mutero pamwero wakapfuvura we1% (pavagadziri) kana kuti 6% (paresitorendi) pasina dikanwo yokuchengeta mapepa kana kuti chikwereti chemitero. Uyezve, Dare reGST rakabvisa mabasa anotevera anogoverwa nemavambo eGST:

  • Mabasa anopiwa nomunwitsi wemasvomhu kumavambo eDPIT anozivikanwa (sezvadudzwa pakuvamba).
  • Masangano ekodzero dzepfuma dzenyanzvi (IPR) anotamisa makambani emapoka kana ose akanyoreswa pasi peGST uye kutengeserana kwacho kusiri kwokurangarira.
  • Basa rinopiwa nokutanga kune anotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika, uko kurangarirwa kunowanwa mutsinhano yokumwe inobvira kushandurwa.

Tapuro Pamavambo Ezvinhu zveIndia

Muuyo unowedzerwa weidzi sundo dzemitero wave uchishandurwa. India zvino inoganza kuva 1.3 lakh DPIT-inozivikanwa sapamavambo a2025, ichikuita nzvimbo yechitatu inosimudzirwa yenzvimbo yokutangira mupasi rose pashure peUnited States neChina. Mazororo emitero pasi peChikamu 80-IAC oga akaponesa kutanga kwemari inorema inodarika 76 000 yemitero kubvira pamavambo, maererano nefungidziro dzehurumende. Dzimba dzedzimbahwe dzinoregeredza kubvisa nzvimbo chaiyoiyo nehumwe pfuma, zvichiipinza mudzimbahwe rinobudirira.

Nenzira inopesana, nyaradzo inobva pamutero wengirozi yakaderedza mutoro pakambani dzapakuvamba. Muna 2022-23, CBDT yakabudisa mirairo yokurasa mitero yengirozi inomira 1 200, mizhinji yayo yakagadziriswa nokuda kwemavambo. Muitiro wakakurudzirawo maIndia (NRI) asiri mutengi wehurumende uye mari dzebhizimisi dzokuwedzera kuti atenge mari yakakomba zvikuru mumavambo eIndia, nemari inopedzerwa mabhiriyoni anopfuura $30 mu2024 moga.

Mizinda inopfuudzira zvinhu, zvikurukuru muBangalore, Hyderabad, uye Delhi-NCR, yakabudirira muhurumende dzenzvimbo yemutero dzenzvimbo yepasi pevhu dzinobatanidza zvikarakadzo zvikuru. Mapaki mazhinji oruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvino ane mazana emavambo parutivi nerutivi nenzvimbo dzeR&D dzamarudzi akawanda, achigadzira masumbu anobetserwa nenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pamwe chete, madziva etarenda, uye kurasika kwezivo.

Matambudziko Nematambudziko Anoshanda

Pasinei nokuti mitero inogara ichipa mari yakawanda, kazhinji kutanga kunowanzotarisana nezvipingamupinyi.

  • [[NHAU]] Kunonoka mu DPIT nguva dzakavandudzika - kugadzira kwatotora mavhiki anoverengeka. Masumo anopa zano rokushandisa nokukurumidza pashure pokunge apinda.
  • Mitemo ye “bhizimisi risingabvumiki” pasi peChikamu 80-IAC - vakuru vakuru vemitero vangataura kuti mibato yekutanga haikwanirisi sechinjo. Mitemo yemitemo inobva kuIname Tax Appleta Tribunal (ITAT) yakada kazhinji kazhinji kutanga, asi kubhadharwa kunogona kuva kunodhura.
  • Kuwirirana nemirau yemitengo yokumwe yemari - kutanga kugovera kuvengi vebhizimisi remhenderekedzo yegungwa kunofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuwirirana neForeign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) uye mafaira anodzosera zviri madikanwa mukati memirara yakatarwa kuti vadzivise zvirango.
  • Kusunungura 56(2) (viB) kubvisa – kana kutanga kukundikana kunyora Mavambo 2 (Kuzivisa Kubviswa kweAngel Tax Exast) munhambo yakatarwa, kuhesvura kunogona kubviswa nenzira inoshanda.

Kuti ideredze ngozi idzi, kutanga kunofanira kuita kuti vadzidzisi vemitero vane unyanzvi hwakati hwokutanga.hurumende yakasumawo bheji repaIndaneti rokuziva uye kuzviisa pasi, izvo zvinobatsira kuderedza zvikanganiso zvemaoko.

Kufambira Mberi Nemaonero Emitemo

Hurumende yeIndia yakaratidza vavariro yayo yokuvandudza gadziriro yesumo yemitero. Mu 2024-25 Ubhajeti yeDzidziro yeZvondira remari, Mumiririri weMari akazivisa kuwedzerwa kwezororo reChikamu 80-IAC kutozosvikira muna March 2030, achipa mavambo anofanotaurwa. Mari yakakudzawo rondedzero ye “bhizimisi risingabviri kugadziriswa” kubatanidza kutanga kwakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwechiteshi chakadzika, AI, uye mamiriro okunze.

Vanotarira mberi, vatarisiri vanokarira kutanga kwe “bhokisi idzva rekuzviwanira muvhoriyano”, uko mari inotorwa muhumwe hufakazi hweIndia yaizotapudzwa pamwero wakaderedzwa (kufanana neUK neIreland). Kukurukurirana kuri kupfuurira pamusoro pemhindu dzemari dzinotengwa pamusoro pokutengeswa kwezvikamu zvapamutemo navatengi apo mari inodzoserwa mukutanga kutsva mukati mamakore maviri — zororo rinosunungura iro ringagona kunyandurazve bhizimisi renyika.

Hurumende dziri kukwikwidzanawo kupa zvikarakadzo zviri nani. Kerala naRajasthan misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi vakazivisa kuhesvurwa kwe 100% pabasa rezvitem rokutamisirwa kwezvinhu zvisingatsuduguki kuvatsigiri, uye Gujarat anogovera 50% yezvikamu zvamagetsi nokuda kwokuvamba mumaguta eTier - 2.

Zvikarakadzo Zvakakodzera Nokuda Kwamavambo Nokugadziridza

Kuti vawedzere kukosha kwezvinokurudzira kubhadhara mutero, vanotsigira zvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo vanofanira kuita nenzira inoita kuti:

  • Obtain DPIT inozivikanwa payakatanga [[[FL:1] - iyi ndiyo mipimo yezvinenge zvakanaka zvose zvemitero. Shandisa paIndaneti portop (startudia.gov.in) uye iva nechokwadi chokuti mapepa ose arongeka.
  • Kusarudza kwegore rezororo remitero nokungwarira - muenzaniso wairatidzira mhindu kuzivisa makore matatu emari inobhadharwa zvikuru. Dzivisa kutaura zororo racho mugore rarasikirwa.
  • Mabhuku ebhizimisi akakodzera uye asingapinduriki – kana mavambo ane hova dzemari dzakawanda (mutoo., mabasa esoftware nokunzvera), wirirano inosungirwa kutaura Chikamu 80-IAC.
  • Chengeta zvinyorwa zveR&D zvakakwana – nokuda kwezvitsaru zvinorema pasi peChikamu 35, chengeta makopi emisi yokunzvera, mabhuku erabhoritari, mapepa anoiswa mari, uye tsamba dzetendero.
  • Mitero yembiri yengirozi inopiwa mukati momusi wakafanira - Mutemo 2 (womutero wengirozi) uye Mutero weSangano 1C (womutero) unofanira kuchengetwa musi wakafanira wedzokerero yokutanga uko betsero yacho inotaurwa. Kutora kwapashure kunogona kuguma nokurasikirwa nokusunungurwa.
  • Tsitsi dzehurumende dzenhare yevhu - nyika imwe neimwe ine muitiro wayo imene yamabasa okugadzirwa. Ronga kana nzvimbo inokwanirisa kubhadharwa kwamari panyika, simba, kana kuti kudzorerwa kwemari.
  • shandisa nyanzvi yakakwaniriswa yemitero [[FLT: 1] - inopiwa kuoma kwemitero yemucheto, kutera mitero yengirozi, uye kuendesa mari kuR&D, zano renyanzvi rinozviripira rimene mukuchengeta mutero ndokudzivisa zvirango.

mhedziso

Zvikarakadzo zvemitero zveIndia nokuda kwemavambo nenzvimbo itsva zvakaparira nzvimbo yakakura nokuda kwebhizimisi. Kuvambira pazororo remari remitero yamakore matatu pasi peChikamu 80-IAC kusvikira kumibairo yedzimbahwe kumitero yemahombekombe, yamuro yengirozi, uye R&D purofiti, chishandiso chemitemo chinobatanidza zvose uye, zvikurukuru, chinoitwa. Kubatana pakati pehurumende dzepakati nehurumende kwakaparirawo gadziriro inochengeteka mitengo inoderedza mutoro wemari pamabasa maduku, kuchibvumira kuti vaise zvinhu zvakawanda mukubudirira kwezvigadzirwa, kubhadhadha, uye kukura kwemisika.

Nepo denho dzakadai sokunonoka kuzviisa pasi nokududzira kukakavadzana dzichipfuurira, rondedzero yokuchinja — inopupurirwa nokutambanudzwa kwamazororo nokuiswa kwemitemo yemitero yengirozi — yakananga. mavambo nenzvimbo itsva dzinoisa mukunzwisisa nokushandisa idzi sundo dzinomira kuti vawane betsero huru yamakwikwi. Sezvo India achipfuurira kufamba kwake kumari inokwana mabhirioni ane $5,5, 000 000, iyi mitero icharamba iri fandesheni yezano renyika rokuvaka, kuvandudza nguva yemberi.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza mukuru mukuru India yapanze pero yenzvimbo yegungwa nokuda kwezvimiro zvakavandudzwa nokushanda. Dhipatimendi reMutero [ rinogovera zvisaririra zvine udzame paChikamu 80-IAC uye Chikamu 54GB. Mukuwedzera, muganhu weSayenzi neICCPURP [ inopa nhungamiro paR&D miteshifiti inoteshi inogamuchirwa nokuda kwamasangano anozivikanwa.