Sumo

Mitero inheyo yemari yehurumende yazvino uno, mari inoshandiswa kubva munyika yose kusvikira kukugadziridzwa kwemugwagwa womunzvimbomo. MuUnited States, gadziriro yemitero inoiswa muhurumende, nyika, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, imwe neimwe ine manyuko akasiana emari uye mitoro. Nokuda kwavagari vemo nemibato zvakafanana, kunzwisisa kuti imitero ipi, uye kuti madhora iwayo anoiswa sei nokuda kwokushandiswa kwemari yomunhu oga, kurangarira mutemo wavose, uye kuisa hurumende kuzvidavirira. Nyaya ino inogovera kuderera kwakakwana kwemitero inodzorwa pamwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende, mashandire anoita sei, uye marii yavanobhadha.

Mitero Yakawanda

Hurumende yehurumende inounganidza mugove mukurusa wemari yemitero muUnited States, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nemari nokubhadhara mitero yapamutero. iyi mari inotsigira munyika yose gadziriro dzakadai sedziviriro yenyika, Social Security, Medicare, uye gadziriro dzehurumende. Pasi apa pane marudzi makuru omubatanidzwa emitero uye mashandire ayo anoshanda.

Munhu Mumwe Nomumwe Anobhadhara Mitero

Mutero wemari inotambirwa munhu mumwe nomumwe ndiwo manyuko makurusa emari inobhadharwa nehurumende. Iro iwedzero inofambira mberi yemitero inokwira sezvo mari inokwira. Musi we 2024 wegore remitero, mwero unovambira pa 10% kusvikira ku 37%, unoshandiswa kumari inobhadharwa pashure pemari inobhadharwa kana kuti kubviswa. Mutero weInternational Revenue Service (IRS) unopa mari yokuunganidzira mitero, uye vashandi vazhinjisa vakambonyima mitero yavo. Vateresi vanofanira kunyora madzoresa gore negore kuti vadzorese mutero wavo chaiwo. Iyi mari yomutero inoshandiswa kuwanda yepurogiramu yehurumende, kubatanidza kuzvidzivirira, uye dzidzo.

Kubhadhara Mitero

Mitero inobhadharwa kutsigira nemari Social Security and Medicare. Federal Inssurance Conspiration Act (FICA) mutero 15.3% (12.4% weSocial Security (yakatarwa pamubhadharo we $168 600 muna 2024) uye 2,9% weMedicare (hafu yesup). Vashandi nevashandi vanobhadhara hafu imwe neimwe (7.65%), kunyange zvazvo vazvibhadharisa mari yakazara. Mitero iyi inotambudza nokuda kwokugovera betsero dzemapaunziro, inishuwarenzi yezvirema, uye inishuwarenzi yechipatara nokuda kwevaki yeAmerica vakakodzera.

Kubhadharwa Mutero Nemagandanga

Masangano anobhadhara mutero wakati sandara 21% wemhindu dzawo dzehurumende, wakarongwa neTsima reTrust nerokushanda kwa2017. Iyi mari inobva mumari inotambirwa namambure eC-corporations, nepo kuvhota nokupfuudza masangano anopfuudza mari inobhadharwa kuvari vemari inobhadharwa pamwero mumwe nomumwe. Mutero webhizimisi igoverano duku yemari inobhadharwa nemari inobhadharwa nomunhu mumwe nomumwe, asi unoramba uri manyuko makurusa okutungamirira mufambiro webhizimisi nokutsigira mabasa ehurumende.

Mitero Yakakura

Mitero yeFederal inopiwa pazvinhu zvakati, mabasa, uye mibato. Mienzaniso inowanzobatanidza mitero papetroli (18,4 masendi parita), diziri (24,4 masendi), fodya, zvinodhakisa, uye matikiti endege. Iyi mitero inowanzobatanidzwa mumutengo wokutenga uye inounganidzwa neIRS kubva kuvagadziri, vatengesi, kana kuti vatengesi vemitero. Mitero inowanzopa mari yokuchengetedza ruvimbiko (somuenzaniso, Highway Trust Fund inoshandisa mari yemutero kutsigira mugwagwa nenzvimbo dzinotakura zvinhu.

Zvipo Nemitero

Mutero wenzvimbo wehurumende unobatira kutamisirwa kwepfuma pashure porufu, nepo mutero wezvipo unoshanda kusimupirwa kwenduramo yenduramo pamusoro pechikumba chakati. Muna 2024, kuhesvurwa kwomutero wenzvimbo i $13.61 000 000 pamunhu, kureva kuti nzvimbo huru zvikuru bedzi inotapurwa pamutero (musitoo kusvikira ku 40%). Kuregererwa kwemitero kunoratidza mutero wenzvimbo, nokubviswa kwegore negore kwe $18 000 mugamuchiri. Iyi mitero inoparira chikamu chiduku chemari inotambirwa yehurumende asi inotapura mhuri dzine mutengo wakakwirira uye kuronga kupfumba.

Mimwe Mitero Yakawanda

Mamwe manyuko anobatanidza mitero yetsika (vatongi) pazvinhu zvakapinzwa kunze kwenyika, izvo zvinounganidzwa nesangano reCumstom and Borders Protection uye kutsigira mari yavose. Hurumende yehurumende inorairawo mitero pamibato yakati yebhizimisi, yakadai seAffordcable Care Act yemari inotambirwa mari yemari yemari yemari yavanowana mari yakakwirira (3,8% yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yebhizimisi) nemitero yakasiana - simbirwa yemhoteredzo.

Mitero yeHurumende

Hurumende dzinonyanya kuvimba nemitero yemari inotambirwa, mitero yemari, uye mitero yemakambani kuti dziwane mari yokudzidzisa, yokufambisa, youtano hwevanhu, uye yokutarisira kuti mutemo utevedzerwe.

Hurumende Inobhadhara Mutero

Panosvika 2024, nyika 41 neDhipatimendi reColumbia dzinoisa mutero wemari inotambirwa pamitero yavagari vemo nemiripo. Nyika sereyesere (Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, uye Wyoming) hadzina mutero wemari yapamutemo, nepo New Hampshire mitero yemitero yemari yemari inobhadharwa, mwero wemitero inovambira pamwero yakatanhanhanhanhanhanha (g. 4,4%) kusvikira kumigoveri yezvibhuro zvinofambira mberi (g., California ine mwero yemari yedzidzo yepamusoro pe13,3 muzana. iyi mibairo yebetsero yedzidzo bedzi.

Kutenga Mutero

Nyika dzina makumi mana neshanu dzinoisa mutero wemari yose panhumbi uye mamwe mabasa, nemwero inovambira pa 2.9% (Colado) kusvikira ku 7.25% (California). Mitengo shanu (Alahka, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon) haina mutero wehurumende yose, kunyange zvazvo zviremera zvomunharaunda muAlaska zvingava zvadzo zvoga. Mitero inodzorwa nemhaka yokuti mhuri dzinowana mari inopedza mugove mukuru wemari yadzo pamitero. Mitengo yezvinodikanwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvakafanana nemitero, mirimo inobvumirwa nomutemo, Oregovhoti yemikoro. Sals mari yemitero ndiyo inodzorwa zvikuru nokuda kwemari yavo vamene, kazhinji inopiwa dzidzo nedzidzo yezvoutano.

Kubhadharwa Mutero Nehurumende

Mitengo yebhizimisi yakawanda inodzorwa nepurofiti dzemitero, ine mwero inovambira pa 2,5% (North Carolina) kusvikira ku 11.5% (New Jersey). Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa mwero yakatara, mamwe mabhuraketi anofambira mberi. Chimiro chinokura kugamuchirwa kwe “chikamu chimwe chero” kugoverwa, uko kunongorangarira bedzi kutengeswa mukati mehurumende pakusarudza mari inobhadharwa, kuderedza mitero nokuda kwavagadziri.

Mutero Wezvinhu

Nepo mitero yezvinhu iri zvikurukuru yomunzvimbomo, nyika dzakawanda dzinoitawo basa kupfurikidza nemitero yenzvimbo yehurumende kana kuti mapurogiramu akafanana nokuwirirana kwemari yechikoro. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzerevy mutero muduku wezvinhu munyika yose kutsigira zvikoro kana kuti kugadza reshiyo yokuyera. Zvisinei, mari zhinjisa yemitero yezvinhu inoendeswa kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo.

Mitero Yehurumende

Pamusana pemitero yehurumende, masangano anoisa mitero yawo amene yepeturo (peturu yepetroli yehurumende inenge masendi 30 parita rimwe), chinwiwa chinodhakisa, fodya, cannabis (kunonyoreswa pamutemo), uye zvimwe zvinhu. Iyi mitero inowanzotsaurirwa kumari yokufambisa, mapurogiramu outano, kana kuti mari yavose. Somuenzaniso, taura kuti mitero yemidzanga muMissouri kusvikira ku $4,35 muNew York.

Mitero Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo(maruwa, maguta, mataundi, maruwa ezvikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo) dzinonyanyoshandisa mitero yenzvimbo, mitero yemari yokutengesa yomunzvimbomo, uye mimwe mitero yokugovera mabasa anokosha akadai semapurisa nedziviriro yomwoto, zvikoro zvavose, migwagwa, mapaka, uye utsanana.

Mutero Wezvinhu

Mutero wezvinhu itsika yemari yehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Unotora mari yemari yemari yehurumende. Inopiwa panzvimbo nezvivako zvakavakirwa paukoshi hwakaongororwa, hunosarudzwa navanonzvera venyika. Mwero inoshanda (mitero chaiyoiyo inobhadharwa sechikamu chemari yomusha) avhareji inenge 0.99% munyika, asi inovambira pa0.31% muHawaii kusvikira ku 2.23% muNew Jersey. Mari yezvikoro zvomushavo zvomunzvimbomo (inenge hafu yemadhora emari yemari yemari), mabasa enisiparati, uye mabasa enyika. Mitengo inoiswa nemitumbi yomunzvimbomo yakasarudzwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yemari yakarongwa yakarongwa, uye nyika dzakawanda dzinoisa mari pawedzero yegore negore.

Kutenga Mutero Munzvimbo Dzacho

Mune dzimwe nyika, hurumende dzemo dzinogona kuwedzera mutero wadzo wokutengesa pamusoro pemwero wehurumende. Mwero yemo yakabatanidzwa inogona kukwidziridza mutero wemari yokutengesa inopfuura 10% mumamwe maguta (g., mwero wakabatanidzwa weChicago i10,25%). Mitero yokutengesa yomunzvimbomo inounganidzwa nehurumende yozodzoserwa kuhurumende. Mari inowanzotsigira migwagwa yeguta, chengeteko yavose, uye zvirongwa zvemari. Sakanenge 2024, mitero 10 000 yemo yekomutero yemo yemari yekomunharaunda yerefu yerevoruzhinji munyika 38 dzepevy.

Mutero Wemunharaunda

Mamwe maguta nenzvimbo dzinopa mitero yemari yemomugariro kuvagari vemo uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, vasati vari vagari vemo vanoshanda muhurumende. Mienzaniso isingacherechedzwi inobatanidza New York City (kusvikira ku 3.876%), Philadelphia (3.79% nokuda kwavagari, 3.4% nokuda kwavasiri vatungamiriri), uye maguta akasiyana- siyana muOhio, Kentucky, uye Maryland. Mitero iyi inounganidzwa zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokuripira nokuisa nokubetsera mibato yeguta semigwagwa, utsanana, uye mari yemidyandigere.

Mitero Nemitero Yamahara

Hurumende dzakawanda dzinotera mitero yakadai semagetsi, gasi romusikirwo, mvura, uye masangano orunhare. Iyi mitero ingava mari yakatsaurwa kana kuti chikamu muzana chemari inobhadharwa. Somuenzaniso, maguta akawanda ev WHA yemitero yemagetsi ye 1% kusvika ku 10% pavatengi vaigara uye vezvokutengeserana. Mari inobhadharwa muhomwe kuti itsigire mabasa makuru. Nenzira yakafanana, mari yemitero yemari inobhadharwa kumakambani ekodzero dzehurumende kuti ashandise kodzero dzehurumende, inowanzopfuudzwa kuvatengi.

Marezenisi Ebhizimisi, Zvibvumikiso, uye Zvibayiso

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoda mabhizimisi kuwana marezenisi nemvumo, mari inobhadharwa inobhadhara mari inobhadhara mutengo wemitemo nenzvero. Iyi mitero inosiana neguta norudzi rwebhizimisi, kuvambira pamazana mashomanene emadhora nokuda kwebhizimisi duku rebasa kusvikira kuzviuru zvemaresitorendi kana kuti mafekitari okuvaka. purofiti inobva muiyi mitero inoshandiswa kutsigira kuronga mari, kunzvera zvoutano, uye mabasa okutsigira bhizimisi.

Mamwe Manyuko Emari Yomunzvimbomo

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoisa mitero yedzimba (mutero wokugara), mitero yevaraidzo pamatikiti nepokupinda, uye fungidziro dzakananga pazvinhu zvinobetserwa nevandudziko (sezvikurukuru, mwenje yemigwagwa, nzira). Maruwa chaiwo (akadai senzvimbo dzinodzima mwoto, maruwa emvura, kana kuti maruwa eraibhurari) anoisa mitero yawo amene kana kuti mitero yemitero pamuridziri wezvinhu mukati moruwa. Izvozvi kazhinji kazhinji zvinobvumirwa nemvumo dzevota.

Kupa Mitero Nemabasa

Hurumende imwe neimwe ine mabasa akasiyana - siyana ainoita kuti ishandise mari yakawanda yemitero.

Kushandisa Mari Kunokosha

Ndyiko hurusa dzehurumende dzinobatanidza Social Security (21% yokushandisa), Medicare (14%), dziviriro yorudzi (13%), zvirongwa zvoutano zvakadai seMedicaid (10%), uye mhindu yemambure pachikwereti chenyika yose (13%). Mari yemitero yeFederal inoiswa muhomwe yemari yese, asi mitero yemitero inobhadharwa zviri pamutemo kuSangano reSocial Security neMedicare. Hurumende yehurumende inopa mari kunyika uye mari yokuchengetesa. Somuenzaniso, migwagwa, dzidzo, uye njodzi dzinoda kupedzerwa kunenge 16% yemari inobhadhaka.

Kushandisa Zvinhu Zvikuru Kune Nyika

Nyika dzinoshandisa purofiti hurusa padzidzo yeK-12 (inenge 35% yendyiko yose yehurumende), dzidzo yapamusoro (10%), Medicaid (17%), zvokufambisa, uye kuchengeteka kwavose neruramiso. Nyika dzinotsigirawo matare adzo dzimene, mapaki, uye masangano emhoteredzo. Mitero yemari izvisakiso zvikuru zvemari, zvinowedzerwa nezvipo zvehurumende. Nyika dzakawanda dzinovimba nemari yakavakirwa pakugovera mari inogoverwa kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo nokuda kwedzidzo uye mamwe mapurogiramu ezvo.

Kushandisa Mari Kunonyanya Kukosha

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinopedzera mari yakawanda padzidzo yokutanga nesekondari (kubva mumaruwa echikoro), mapurisa, mwoto, mabasa omunzvimbomo (migwagwa, mvura, mapaki, maraibhurari, uye udzori hwezvisakiso. Mitero yezvinhu inogovera inenge 30% yemari yomunzvimbomo, neyamuro yehurumende (kubatanidza mari inogoverwa nemitero yemitero) uye hurumende dzinopa yasara. Mudzimwe nyika dzakawanda, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinomanikidzirwa nemitero neganhuriro inoda muvhoti nokuda kwetendero itsva.

Kupindirana Kwehurumende Nokubatana Mutero

Rutivi runokosha rwemitero yehurumende inoshandiswa pakati pemwero yehurumende. Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari kunyika nenzvimbo (sezviro, nokuda kwaMedicaid, dzidzo, migwagwa), kazhinji kazhinji nezvinodikanwa zvakafanana. Hurumende dzinoendesawo mari kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemari yechikoro uye utano hwavanhu. Iyi tsika inovavarira kuderedza paradzano pakati pehurumende dzakapfuma nedzevarombo. Zvisinei, inogona kuita kuti kuoma kuoma kuoma kurema.

Kubatsira Kunoita Mitero Pavagari Vemo uye Kuchengetedza Mari

Kurongwa kwemitero pamwero mumwero kunotapura mufambiro wezvemari, kusasarura, uye kunaka kwebasa ravose. Hezvino zvinhu zvinokosha:

Kukura Kwemari Nokuchengetedzwa Kwemari

Mitero inofambira mberi inodzorwa inogona kuderedza zvishuvo zvebasa rokuwedzera kana kuti mari inotambirwa pamibhadharo yakakwirira, nepo mitero yebhizimisi ingakwezva mabhizimisi. Zvisinei, mitero pamashandisirwo emari (mitero) inogona kuderedza kudhura. Mugumisiro wemambure unotsamira pamwero wemitero, kusabhadharwa, uye mari yemari (jere remanyuko), uye utano zvinogona kuwedzera kukura kwenguva refu. Commentach Foundation nguva dzose rinofunda kuti mamiriro ezvinhu nemitero yomunzvimbomo zvinotapura sei makwikwikwi ezvemari.

Kukwana Nokufambira Mberi

Mutero wemari inotambirwa nehurumende unofambira mberi zvikuru, ne1% inobhadhara avhareji ye 26% nepo pasi 50% ichibhadhara mwero yakashata kana kuti yakaderera nemhaka yechikwereti. Mitero yemari yehurumende inosiana muwirirano nejeri(dzimwe inyika dzakafara, mimwe ine zvikwangwa zvakawedzera. Mitero yenzvimbo inowanzovazve inodzorwa nemhaka yokuti varidzi vemisha vanotambira mari shoma zvikuru padzimba. Vatengesi vanobhadhara mitero inodzorwa kunze kwokunge kusiiwa kwezvinodikanwa zviri zvechipo. Vagadziri vemitengo inodzika miuyo iyi kupfurikidza nechikwereti chemitero, zvikwereti, zvitsaro, uye mapurogiramu anodzorwa kubhadharwa.

Kushandisa Nemitengo Yokutarisira

Gadziriro yemitero ine mitatu inoita mitoro inowirirana inokosha nokuda kwamabhizimisi maduku navanhu vamwe navamwe, zvikurukuru avo vanoshanda mumitsetse yenyika. Somuenzaniso, vatengesi vari kure zvino vanofanira kuwirirana nomutero womunzvimbomo muzviuru zvemitero yokutengesa mukatevera maSakota okuMazan. Wayfair Dare Rapamusoro. IRS rinofungidzira kuti vabhadhari vemitero vanopedza anenge mabhiriyoni 6,5 emaawa gore negore pamapepa emitero.

Vara Rebasa Ravose

Kuvimba nemitero yezvinhu kunogona kuparira kusawirirana kukuru mumari yezvikoro nejeri remari ($56) nharaunda dzinounganidza mari yakawanda pamunhu ari kudzidza. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita “Robin Hood” miitiro inoparadzira mari yemitero yemari yemari. Nenzira yakafanana, nyika dzinobhadharwa mitero inogona kupa mabasa akasimba zvikuru enzanga. Vagari vomunyika kazhinji kazhinji vanotonga kururamisira nokunaka kwemitero inogamuchirwa navose, inosiyana zvikuru nenzvimbo. Hurumende dzemo dzine mitero yakaderera ingatambura kuchengeta zvivako, nepo mitero yemitero yakakwirira inogona kupa mabasa ari nani asi ingadzingadzinga vagari vemo.

Nharo Nemiitiro Zvemitero

Kuitirana nharo kuri kuitwa iye zvino pamusoro pekuchinja mitero yehurumende, makwikwi ehurumende ezvemitero, uye kutsigira mari yemo.

  • [ Kuchinja kwomutero kwechero: Kurukurirano pakuwedzera mitero 2017, kukwidza mwero yekambani, kana kuti kushandisa mutero wepfuma.
  • Makwikwi omutero eruwa: Nyika dzakawanda dziri kuderedza mwero yemari inotambirwa kuti dzikwezve vashandi vari kure namabhizimisi (Somuenzaniso, Florida neTexas dzinobetserwa nomutero wemari.
  • denho dzemari dzinowanikwa munyika: Kuderedza mitero yenzvimbo mumaguta uye kudikanwa kwamabasa apashure pemari kuri kusunda maguta kurangarira mitero yemari yomunharaunda kana kuti mitero yemari pamabasa.
  • Mutero wemari: [ Sangano riri kuwedzera mutero wokutengesa kuzvinhu nemibato, uye kune dzvinyiriro inokura yokujeka kwehurumende pakudzora upfumi hwemitengo.
  • Mitero yemagamuchidzanwa: Mitero yecarbon pamwero womubatanidzwa kana kuti mwero wecarbon yehurumende iri kuwana kutora nzvimbo sezvishandiso zvemiitiro yemamiriro okunze, kunyange zvazvo kugadzirwa kwechadenga kunoramba kwakaganhurirwa.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa gadziriro yemitero yakawanda yeU.S. inokosha nokuda kwokuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva semugari wemo, muridzi wemitero, kana kuti muridzi webhizimisi. Hurumende inounganidza mari yakawanda kupfurikidza nemitero inofambira mberi uye mitero yemari, kutsigira mapurogiramu enyika. Nyika dzinovimba nemitero inovhenganiswa yemari uye mitero inodzorwa kuti isvike mitoro. Hurumende dzemo dzinotsamira zvikuru pamitero yenzvimbo kuti dzipedze mitero yenzanga. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine mabhizimisi akasiana mumitero yemari, mitengo yemari, uye kuoma kudzora. Kupfurikidza nokuziva kuti madhora iwayo anodzorwa nezvipi uye kuti anopedzwa sei, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kubatanidzwa zviri nani mumitoro yavo yemitoro uye remangwana ravo remari. Kurangarirazve, [FLD [F]