Hurumende Dzehurumende Nokuumbwa KweAmerican Health Care

Hurumende dzine mubato mukuru uye usingabhadharwi zvikuru wemitoro mugadziriro yezvoutano. Nepo hurumende yehurumende inogadza mitemo mikuru kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzakadai seMedicare neAffordal Care Act, dzinotaura ndidzo vatambi vakuru mukutungamirira migove, kutarisira utano hwavanhu, kutarisira misika yeinishuwarensi youtano, uye kutarisira Medicaid. Mabasa aya anoumba rudzi, mari, uye kuwanikwa kwezvoutano zvinozivikanwa nemamiriyoni eAmerica. Kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo izvozvo zvinoshandisa sei chiremera chavo munzanga chazvo chaidzoka sei munzanga chazvoidzoresa.-517, Hurumende inopa mufananidzo wakajeka wemipimo wamarudzi ane &817; utano.

Iyi nzvero yakakudzwa inodzika zvikuru mumutoro mukuru mumwe nomumwe, ichinongedzera pamienzaniso chaiyo yenzvimbo yehurumende iyo inoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri denho nezvitsva zvinorondedzera muitiro woutano womunyika nhasi.

Mukana Nokudzorwa Kwevagoveri Vezvoutano Nezvavanoshanda

Rimwe ramasimba makurusa ehurumende nderokudzora nokudzora nyanzvi dzezvoutano nezvivako zvavanoshandisa.Izvi zvinosanganisira vanachiremba, vabetseri vevanachiremba, vagadziri vemishonga, vanachiremba, vanachiremba vemazino, uye vashandi vezvoutano vakabatana pamwe chete, zvipatara, misha inochengeterwa vakwegura, nzvimbo dzokuvhiya, uye makiriniki.Licens anovimbisa kuti vanhu nemasangano vawirirane nemipimo mishomanene yedzidzo, rovedzo, uye kuchengeteka vasati vagona kupa tarisiro kuvoruzhinji. Hurumende dzinewo simba rokurega kana kuti vachengetedze mareze apo matura anokundikana kusvitsa mipimo iyoyo.

Nyika imwe neimwe inochengeta mapuranga anogadzira mabhukwana ebasa, anowanzoumbwa nemitezo yakagadzwa yebasa nevoruzhinji. Mabhodhi aya anogadza mitemo yorudzi rwetsika, anogadza zvinodikanwa zvedzidzo zvinopfuuridzirwa, anonzvera zvichemo, uye anoisa zviito zvokuranga. Kusiyana kwemitemo mumitemo inoisa zvinodikanwa uye mipimo yemitemo inoshandiswa inoparira basa remhoteredzo dzinodzorwa dzinogona kupesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kubva kumutengo wetarisiro kusvikira kukuwana kwokushivirira.

Muenzaniso: Dare Rokurapa reTexas Nemapurovhinzi Okutarisira

Texas Medical Board ine mutoro wokuisa nokuranga varapi vanopfuura 100 000 munyika. Iro rinoita zviuru zvenyunyuto gore rimwe nerimwe, kubva pazvinopomerwa zvokusangwarira kusvikira kumiitiro isina kukodzera kumirarira. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, dare rakagadza chisarudzo chinokurumidza chenhau dzakakwirira uye kujeka kwakawedzerwa pamabasa okuranga. Somuenzaniso, dare rinoisa pachena mabasa okutarisira uye rinochengeta shopu inobvumira varwere kunzvera chiremba ̱ rezinesi yezve mamiriro ezvinhu nenhau. Rudzi urwu rwekuonekazve kujeka runotsigira zvakananga kuchengeteka kwokushivirira kupfurikidza nokuita chisarudzo chokuziva.

Muenzaniso: Chitupa Chemitemo Inodiwa uye Kutarisira

Dzimwe nyika dzinopfuura marabhodhi anodzorwa anodzorwa. Nhanho dzinotaurwa ndedzokudzora kuvakwa nokuwedzerwa kwenzvimbo dzokutarisira utano kupfurikidza neSatifiketi yePureance of Need (CON). Zvirongwa izvi zvinoda masangano ezvoutano kuti awane mvumo yehurumende isati yavakwa zvivako zvitsva kana kuti kuwedzera midziyo inodhura, zvakadai seMichina yemwoyo kana kuti marabhoritaridzo emwoyo. Zvirongwa zvinodzorwa ndezvokudzora mutengo wezvoutano, kudzivisa kunyorwa kwemibato yezvoutano, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuwana nokupinda nokupinda nokupinda munzanga. North Carolina inoita imwe yepurogiramu yeCIN inoshanda zvikurusa munyika. Somuenzaniso, apo gadziriro yechipatara muWake County inotsvaka kugadzira kuvhiya, yaifanira kuita purofiti yapamhindero yezvokugara achidzorwa.

Kudzivirira Utano Hwavoruzhinji uye Kudzivirira Zvirwere

Hurumende ndidzo musimboti wenheyo dzoutano hwenyika. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine dhipatimendi routano rinoongorora miitiro yehosha, rinoita nzvero dzerabhoritari, rinotarisira zvinyorwa zvinokosha, uye rinoshandisa mapurogiramu anonangidzirwa kudzivirira chirwere nokusimudzira utano. Madhipatimendi aya anoshandisa nyanzvi dzezvoutano, vanamukoti voruzhinji, vadzidzisi vezvoutano, uye nyanzvi dzezvoutano dzezvakatipoteredza dzinoshanda munyika nemo kuti dzidzivirire nzanga pazvirwere zvinotapukira nezvisingaperi.

Mitoro youtano hwevoruzhinji yakafara uye inobatanidza kudzivirira mishonga, kudzivirira vana, fodya nemishonga zvinoshandisa kudzivirira, zvirongwa zvokutarisira hosha dzisingaperi, kunzvera zvokudya, uye mhinduro kunjodzi dzemhoteredzo. Mitemo inounganidzawo ndokubudisa mashoko outano anozivisa zvisarudzo zvemiitiro nemigove. Kushanda kwemapurogiramu aya zvakananga nemigumisiro youtano yevagari vehurumende.

Muenzaniso: Kudzivirira Zvirwere Zvisingarapiki kwaColorado

Colorado yakazivikanwa kare nokuda kwokushandisa kwayo nzira yokudzivirira hosha dzisingaperi. Department of Public Health and Environment inopa mubatanidzwa wepurogiramu dzinoparira kufutisa, chirwere cheshuga, hosha yemwoyo, uye kusashanda. Nhanho inocherekedzwa i "Healthy Beverage Campaign," yakashanda nezvipatara, zvikoro, uye mabasa okuderedza kunwa doro. Hurumende inoshandira pamwewo nemasangano omunzvimbomo kuti awedzere kusvika kumichero mitsva nemiriwo munzanga dzakachengetedzwa nepurogiramu dzevarimi dzinokurudzira kutengesa. Kubatanidza zvokudya, basa rokushanda kwomuviri, uye dzidzo youtano pasi pegadziriro inoshandira, Colorado yakakwanisa kuderedza kuchekererwa kwevana vakanyorwa mupurogiramu yacho.

Muenzaniso: Chirongwa chokudzora fodya cheCalifornia

Kudzora fodya kwepamunhare peCalifornia kuri pakati penhamburiko dzehurumende dzokudzora fodya dzinonzwika zvikuru nedzinogara kwenguva refu munyika. California Tobacco Control Program, yakatanga mukupera kwama1980, inoshandisa mubatanidzwa wezvinobudisa nhau zvakakwirira, kupindira kwakavakirwa panzanga, uye muitiro wokuderedza kushandiswa kwefodya. Chirongwa chacho chinorumbidzwa nokubatsira kuderedza mwero wokusvuta wehurumende pakati penyika. Chinonyanya kuronga kubudisa zvinhu zvakadai se-cigarettes nefodya inorunga, uye chakagovera tsigiro nokuda kwemitemo yokurambidza kutengeswa kwefodya pedyo nezvikoro. Kusvika kwehurumende kunoratidza kuti kutengeserana kunoramba kutengeserana muutano hwavose uye kubatanidzwa kunogona kushandura sei mwero wenzanga uye kuchinja mufambiro wenzanga.

Kuedza Kuwana Inishuwarenzi Youtano Inodhura

Kunyange negadziriro yehurumende yeAffordal Care Act, nyika dzinochengeta pesvedzero huru pamusoro pemisika yeinishuwarenzi youtano nokukwanisa kubhadharwa. Nyika dzinogona kusarudza kushandisa misika yadzo youtano yeinishuwarenzi, kudzora mwero yeinishuwarenzi, kugadza mipimo yebetsero inokosha youtano, uye kusarudza kana kukudza Medicaid kuvakura vanowana mari yakaderera. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinotapura zvakananga kuwanika kwemitengo youtano nokuda kwevagari vemo.

Mitengo inoshanda pamisika yayo imene inochinjika zvikuru kumigove inogadziridza, kupinza, uye kugona kunyoresa. Inewo chiremera chokuhwirudzura nokuramba mwero inowedzera izvo inorangarira kuva zvisina mufungo. Mitengo inovimba nomusika wehurumende inowanzova ine udzori hushoma pamusoro pegadziriro nedziviriro zvavatengi. Kuchinja kwemifungo yehurumende kwakaparira mikaha inokura mukufukidza mwero nemiuyo youtano munyika yose.

Muenzaniso: California Yakafukidzwa uye Kutenga Nebasa

California inoshandisa musika wayo imene wakavakirwa pahurumende, California yafukidzwa, iyo yakazivikanwa semuenzaniso wenyika wokutenga kwokushingaira. Panzvimbo pokungoronga gadziriro ipi neipi inowirirana nemipimo yehurumende, California yakafukidza California kukurukurirana nokushingaira neinshuwarenzi kuti ichengete mari yakaderera, maruvara anosimudzirwa, uye masangano anofambiswa. Inoshandisawo gadziriro yakatevedzana inoita kuti ive nyore zvikuru kuva vatengi kuenzanisa zvakasarudzwa. Mugumisiro wacho wave wakava wakava wakaganhurirwa zvikuru kutsamira patsinhano yehurumende, uye mumwe wemitengi inosaririra pakati penyika huru. Somuenzaniso, muna 2023, California, yakazivisa kuti vanyore vanopfuura 90% vaiva nezvirongwa zvokuzvirongwa zvokuzvinyoresa pasi pomwedzi mumwe chete, mugumisiro chaiwo wezvibvumirano zvemari.

Muenzaniso: Zvisarudzo Zvokuwedzera Zvinokurudzira uye Misiyano

ACA akapa chisarudzo chokuwedzera Medicaid mari inopfuudzwa kuvanhu vakuru vane mibayiro inosvika 138% yemwero wourombo hwehurumende. Kusvikira muna 2025, 40 zvezvematongerwe enyika neruwa rweColumbia zvakagamuchira wedzero, nepo nyika 10 dzisina. Iyi chisarudzo chaita kuti pave nokusiyana kukuru mukupfuudza. Kentucky yakakura mu 2014 Medicaid pasi paGavhura Steve Besme, inotungamirira kukuderera kukuru mumwero wemari yakakamura unobva pa 20% kusvikira kuinopfuura 6% mumakore mashomanene. Kuwedzera kwakagoverwa kunopfuura 400 000 vakura vanosvika, vazhinji vavo vakanga vasina kumbokwanisa kusvika kutarisiro yenguva dzose dzoutano. Nyika yacho yakaona kuwedzera mukutarisirwa kwekenza, mipimo yekenza, uye kurapa. Zvisinei, apo Gavhuna wezvikamu anoedza kupfumisa basa uye kupfuudzira chiverengero chavagari vemo.

Kutarisira Miitiro Youtano Yakatangwa neHurumende

Medicaid ipurogiramu inobatira pamwe yehurumende, asi maruwa ane mutoro wokutarisira zuva nezuva kwepurogiramu dzawo. Ikoku kunobatanidza kunyoresa, kutarisira mibatanidzwa yerongedzero, kuronga, uye kuvimbisa kutendeseka kwepurogiramu. Hurumende dzinewo kuchinjika kwakafara kuronga mapurogiramu adzo eMedicaid mukati menhungamiro dzehurumende, inoabvumira kuedza kugadziridza gadziriro yokupa, mienzaniso inobhadharwa, uye zvipanobetserwa. Uku kuchinjika kwakatungamirira kukusiyana kukuru mumagadzirirwe akaitwa Mdicaid munyika yose.

Mukuwedzera kuMedicaid, nyika dzakawanda dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzadzo dzoutano nokuda kwezvirongwa zvoutano zvimene zvavagari vemo zvisina kukodzera nokuda kwebetsero yehurumende yemirimo inotenderwa nehurumende. Idzi dzingabatanidza mutengo woutano wavakatama mumutemo mukati menhambo yamakore mashanu okumirira purogiramu dzehurumende, uye betsero huru nokuda kwavashandi vanowana mari shoma.

Muenzaniso: Masangano echitokoso akabatanidzwa eOregon

Oregon akanyandura mutoo wechienzi wekutarisira Medicaid yakakwanisa kupfurikidza neNhamba dzayo dzeNhevedzero dzakabatanidzwa. Yakagadzwa muna 2012 pasi pechirongwa chehurumende chekudzorwa kwemari, CCOS mibatanidzwa yeruwa yavatarisiri vezvoutano, masangano enzanga, uye masangano enzanga ayo ane mutoro wetsigiro yemari yedzimba dzenyama, tsika, uye utano hwemazino hweMedicaid vanyoreswa. CCOS anoshandisa pasi pebhajenya remari renyika yose rinovaita kuti vapire mari kuti vachengetedze kudzivirira nokupindira kwezvoutano. Somuenzaniso, CCO muPortland yemari inotsigirwa nemari yezvirongwa zvehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yezvisagara, ichiziva nokurevesaidzwa kwemipimo yezviwi zvenguva dzose, uye kufambidzamagariro enzvimbo dzinogara munyika yose. Ore. Ofgat &817; C C C.

Muenzaniso: Texas Medicaid neShift kuNascience-Based Care

Texas inoita imwe yepurogiramu hurusa dzeMedicaid munyika, inofukidza vana vane mamirioni mashanu vanowana mari shoma, vakadzi vane pamuviri, uye vanhu vakaremara. Nyika yave ichishingaira mukuchinja kubva pamitengo yemari nokuda kwezvokutarisira zvinotsamira pamutengo. Kupfurikidza negadziriro dzayo dzeTexas Healthhate Chare Transformation and Selution Program, hurumende yakabatanidza gadziriro yokutarisira yakaro inodzorwa iyo inobatanidza chikamu chegadziriro yezvoutano kuti ishande pamatanho akanaka semitengo youhwana, kutarisirwa kwechifumu, uye kutarisirwa kwapamberi. Purogiramu yacho inobatanidzawo zvipata kuti zvideredze kugadziriswa nokuvandudza kugadziridzwa kwezvipataramisi noruzivo rwekutarisira. Kunyange zvazvo Texas haina kuvandudza mipimo yemitero iripo mukati purogiramu yeACA, kugadziridza kuratidzira kuti ipfuure mumigumisiro yemigumisiro.

Kushandiswazve Kwoutano uye Kutamba Kwako

Kupfuura kutengesa, kutaura kunodzora muitiro nokuda kwezvoutano hwakasiana - siana, uko kunosarudza mabasa chaiwoiwo rudzi rumwe norumwe rwomugove anobvumirwa pamutemo kuita. Iyi mirau ine revo huru dzokuwana tarisiro, zvikurukuru mumaruwa uye munzvimbo umo kuperevedza kwavanachiremba kwakakomba. Nharo pamusoro pomuitiro kazhinji kazhinji dzinonanga kuvanachiremba, vabetseri vemishonga, uye vamwe vazvishandisi vekirepa vamakiriniki vakakwirira avo vanotsvaka kurovedza kusvika patambanuko yakazara yerovedzo yavo.

Dzimwe nyika dzakagamuchira ukuru hwakakura hwebasa senzira yokuvandudza nokuderedza ndyiko, nepo dzimwe dzakachengeta mitemo inoganhurira zvikuru inoda kutarisirwa nachiremba kana kuti kubatira pamwe. Kuchinja kunoparira kusvika kusina kukodzera kutarisiro huru, mabasa outano hwendangariro, uye tarisiro chaiyo mumitsetse yose yehurumende.

Muenzaniso: Rovedza Zvakazara Zviremera Zvevakoti

Kusvikira muna 2025, dzinopfuura nyika 20 uye District yeColumbia zvakapa varapi chiremera chakazara, kureva kuti vanogona kuyera varwere, migariro yokunzvera, nhevedzano uye kutsanangura nzvero, uye kunyorera mishonga isina utarisiri hwachiremba. New York yakagadza chiremera chakazara muna 2022 sorutivi rwekugombedzerwa kwakafara kukuwedzera kusvika kutarisiro huru. Mukupesana, Alabama anoda varapi kuti vachengete chibvumirano chebatira pamwe nachiremba, icho chinogona kuganhurira apo uye nzira yavanogona kushandisa nayo. Kunzvera kubva muhurumende uko kwakagamuchira chiremera chinoshandisa chishandiso chinowedzera munhamba yavarendi vanoshandisa munharaunda dzomumaruwa, nguva pfupi inomirira kugadzwa, uye hapana kuramba mumugariro wokutarisira.

Muenzaniso: Kudzokororwa kwemari Mhiri kweUnited States

Mitemo yehurumende inoumbawo kuwanika kwemibato yetelehealth. Mukati medenda reCOVID-19, nyika dzakawanda dzinoramba kwechinguvana ganhuriro pateltatete-heath uye dzinoda kuti zviitwe kuti pave noukama chaihwo hwokurapa. Dzimwe nyika dziite chinjo idzodzo zechigarire. Somuenzaniso, dzakapfuudza mutemo muna 2023 uyo wakabvumira nguva yechigarire yokugara pasi pasi pasina shanyo yepetronce nokuda kwemigariro yakawanda, nepo dzichidawo kuti mutarisiri wacho atange kubvunza chaikwo chaikoiko. Hurumende yaitaurawo nezvokuva kwezva kupfurikidza nokubatanidza chibvumirano chemichina chemari, icho chinodirana muto wemachira mumitenzi wokuwana maraise mumiterusa. Izvi izvi zvinodaidzodzo dzinotapura kana kuti muruwa rwokumaruwa rwava murwere runogona kutapura kukwanisa kukwanisa kuwanikwa pasina kufambira maawa okufamba kweguta.[5]

Kugadzirira Kwekurumidziro uye Kupindura Kwoutano Hworuzhinji

Hurumende ndidzo nzira yokutanga yokuzvidzivirira pautano hwemasanga, kubva pakupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga kusvika kutyisidziro dzezvougandanga. Nyika imwe neimwe ine sangano rokutarisira njodzi rinoshanda nedhipatimendi rezvoutano rehurumende kuti rigadzirire uye rigadzirire njodzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengeta mirwi yemishonga, kutanga mitemo yenjodzi, uye kutarisira kurongwa kwevashandi vezvoutano nezviwanikwa.

HONDO yeCOVID-19 yakasimbisa basa guru rehurumende mukupindura kwekurumidziro. Nyika dzakaita zvisarudzo pamusoro pokuvharwa kwemisunamo, zvibvumikiso zvokuvhara zvivakiso, kuparadzira mabhakitire, kuyera, kudzivirira zvirwere, uye kutarisirwa kwezvipatara. Kushanda kwemhinduro idzi kwakasiyana zvikuru, murutivi nemhaka yemisiyano yezvoutano hwehurumende, zvivako zvokudzora, uye simba rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Muenzaniso: Washington State’ Kupindura Kwapakuvamba kweCOVOID - 19

Washington State yakanga iri nyika yokutanga munyika yacho kuzivisa nhau yokupfuudzwa kwechaunga kweCOVID-19, uye mhinduro yayo yakava mutevedzeri wedzimwe nyika. Washington State Department of Health yakashanda mukushandira pamwe chete nehurumende dzoutano dzomunzvimbomo uye Centers for Disease Control and Prevention kuti iedze kukunda kukwanisa, ichishandisa kuongorora, uye kutanga mitemo yenzanga yokuzviparadzanisa. Nyika yacho yakagadzirawo chirongwa chemitemo chakabatana chakabvumira kuti chitsaurire zvinhu zvinogoverwa nokukurumidza. Washington ̱ kutengidzira kwokukurumidza mumichina yezvokuyera utachiona uye makombiyuta zvakaigonesa kuidza kukunda dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, uye nzira yayo yokukurukurirana zvinooneka zvakabetsera kuvaka chivimbo chavose mukati mwedzi yapakuvamba isingavimbwi.

Muenzaniso: California’ agency Medical Services Authority neRespect

California ̱ Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA) ndiyo inoparira kuwiriraniswa kwenjodzi dzehurumende ̱ idzodzo dzoutano, kubatanidza njodzi dzinopisa, kudengenyeka kwapasi, uye migariro youtano yavose. Muna 2023, apo madutu echando akakomba akaparira kufasha nokuvhuvhunika kwakawanda kwemadhaka, EMSA yakarorororo yakadzorwa zvipatara, yakabatanidza kubviswa kwemichina yemotokari kubva kunzvimbo dzakakuvadzwa, uye inokwanisa kuparadzira migove yezvokurapa. Sanganowo inochengeta purogiramu yeCalifornia Medicalcialgiam Rupataration, gadziriro yezvokura nokukurumidza yezvipataradzo zvinogona kupfuudzwa kuzvipatarararira zvipatara kana kuti zvigaro zvenzanga mukati mamiriro ezvinhu outano. Iyi inoita kuti mugariro wehurumende ugovane simba rokurapa mukuita zvose zviri zvomusikirwo nezvirwere zvinopfura.

Mugumisiro: Basa Rinopfuurira Nerinochinja reUnited States

Hurumende hadzisi vataririwo zvavo vemapurogiramu ehurumende kana kuti vadzori vezvoutano. Ivo vagadziri vemitemo, vatengi, uye varongi vane zvisarudzo zvinoumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwegadziriro yezvoutano yeAmerica. Kubva pamabhodhi anogadzira mipimo yemitemo yeMidhicaid inogadzira gadziriro dzokupa, vanotaura chiremera chinotema zvakananga kana vagari vemo vane mukana wokusvika, wokutarisira kwakakwirira. Mienzaniso inokurukurwa pano(kuvambira pano) California ̱ fodya inodzorwa kuOregon&817; Masangano anodzorwa akananga kuWashington ̱ purofiti yezvokudzorwa kwezvose zviri zviviri zvesimba rehurumende.

Sezvo nzvimbo yezvoutano inopfuurira kushanduka, hurumende dzehurumende dzicharamba dziri marabhoritari akakomba nokuda kwokuedza miitiro. Zvisarudzo zvavanoita pamusoro pewedzero yeMedicaid, kukura kwemiitiro, kuisa mirau mumugwagwa, kutengeserana kwezvoutano, uye kutarisirwa kweinishuwarenzi zvichapfuurira kubudisa zvidzidzo nokuda kwenyika yose. Kunzwisisa iyi mitoro yegore rehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoedza kufamba kana kuvandudza gadziriro yezvoutano yeAmerica.