Kubudirira kwenhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika muUnited Kingdom kuri kushandurwa zvikuru, zvikurukuru mumashandisirwe amamoreya anopinzwa mari nokuparadzwa. Sezvo maturusi emichina anokura, chinja nzanga, uye gadziriro dzokuronga zvinovapo, nguva yemberi yenhimbe dzinovimbisa kuva dzinooneka zvikuru, masvomhu, uye anowanika — asi akazarawo nezvinetso zvitsva. Nyaya ino inonzvera mugariro wazvino uno wemari yembavamiririri, kunzvera mafashoni emari mumichina yokugadzira nokudzora, uye inonzvera pesvedzero huru yemichina yezvokugadzirwa kwemagetsi pamazano evhotaotary. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa aya mabasa, nyanzvi dzezvirongwa, vadaviri, uye vagari vemo vanogona kufambira mberi zviri nani chinjo dzinouya.

Nyika Yazvino yeMayoral Campaign Mozer muUK

Sarudzo dzeMayoral muUK — dzingava nokuda kwameya veruwa muzviremera zvakabatanidzwa zvakadai seGreater Manchester kana kuti vamiririri vamamongi zvakananga muLondon namamwe maguta — dzinoshanda muvhenganiswa yamanyuko emari iyo inoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri magamuchidzanwa orudzi noomunzvimbomo. Chirongwa chapamutemo ndicho Perectes yeProgical, Echounts neReferendls Act 2000 (PPA), inogadza mipiro, kupedza mipiro, kupedza maketi, uye zvinodikanwa zvokuoneka. Sarudzo dzemariro dzinotengwa dzinodzorwa dzinopesana dzinosiana nechiverengero chavagari vemo chavagari vemo chavanhu vose; muLondon, somuenzaniso, chisarudzo chekuvhotera che 2024 chakanga chiri chinenge $1.2 miriyoni paribhiripo imwe neimwe bhiri, mipiro yemipiro yebhizimisi, mipiro yebhizimisi (zvikamu zvikuru nokuda kweLabour), uye mari yavose semiteshi yezvikamu zvipfumbidzo nokuda kwemapoka zvemari nokuda kwemapokawowowowowowowowoworuzhinji, kunyange zvazvo zvisati zvichigamuchirwa

Nhimbe dzemochara dzemo dzichiri kutsamira zvikuru pamipiro miduku inobva kuvagari vemo namabhizimisi maduku, pamwe chete nemipiro yorudzi rwakafanana nenguva yokuzvipira nenzvimbo yehofisi. Zvisinei, kunetseka pamusoro pepesvedzero yavapi vakawanda, vatsigiri vezvinhu, uye mari yokumwe yakaenderera mberi. Mushumo wa2024 wakaitwa neTransparency International UK wakasimbisa kuti mamirioni anopfuura mamirioni 4 emipiro kumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kubva kumakambani ane fariro dzenzvimbo dzakava nemavambo asina kujeka, kumutsa mibvunzo pamusoro peperero yezvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo. Mukuwedzera, kushambadza nemichina yemichina kwakawedzera — kubva kupose pa $04.6 miriyoni 2017 murusarudzo runopfuura £10 mu2019 — uye zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinotevera, nechikamu chikuru chemari inotsaurongwa zvinotsaudzo zvinotsaurirwa kuInterneywo youpt com com con intertion.

Asi gadziriro yacho haisati iri isina kutsoropodzwa. Shosa yeElectoral Commission yakaraira yadanazve masimba akasimba zvikuru uye mupiro wenguva chaiyoiyo unoshuma kudzivisa kuputsika. Pari zvino, mipiro iri pamusoro pe $500 inofanira kushumwa mukati mamazuva 30, asi vazhinji vanotaura kuti ikoku kunonyanyononoka kugovera kujeka kune revo mukati mekupisa kwenhimbe. Sezvatinotarira mberi, chinjo dzakanangidzirwa kudzika mitemo yokuzivisa uye kuderedza pesvedzero yemari mune zvamatongerwe enyika dzinokarirwa zvikuru.

Kumanikidza Kuona Zvakajeka Uye Kunyatsojeka

One of the most significant trends shaping the future of UK campaign funding is the broad political consensus around the need for more rigorous transparency and tighter regulation. The current regime, while generally robust, has gaps that allow for opaque funding streams, particularly through companies and offshoring arrangements. In May 2024, the government launched a consultation on electoral integrity that included proposals for real-time electronic reporting of donations over £100, a ban on donations from companies that are not UK-based, and stricter limits on spending by third-party campaigners. These measures would bring mayoral races in line with best practices seen in countries like Canada and the United States, where donation databases are updated daily during election periods.

Imwe nzvimbo yengwariro ibasa ravagadziri vezvikamu zvakanyoreswa zvechitatu muEngland. Zvisinei, masangano anotarisira kushambadza kana kuti anoita zvinoitika zvinotsigira kana kuti zvinoshora mukwikwidza pasina kubatanidzwa. 2023 Evhosvos Act inoisa mitemo mitsva inoda kuti mapoka aya azivise vanhu vavo vozoramba vachipedza $900,000 panhimbe dzechirongwa chechitatu muEngland. Kudai kusarudza kwave kusina kuenzana. Kusarudza kwoutongi, uko kunowanzokwezva masangano echitatu okupindira (g.g., mapoka ebhizimisi, kana kuti NGOs), migaro yakajeka uye uwarati hwenguva chaiyo kungaderedza njodzi yemari inopesvedzera migumisiro yakaipa.

Mukuwedzera, kune kurukurirano iri kukura pamusoro pokusuma mari yemipinduro yavose yemipiro miduku, yakafanana negadziriro inoshandiswa muNew York City. Mugadziriro yakadaro, mipiro miduku (kusvikira ku $200) ingawirirana nemari yavose panhambo ye6:1, yaizowirirana nemari yavose padenderedzwa re6, iri kukwirira kupinda kupinda muchivako chavatsigiri vomunzvimbomo panzvimbo pevapi vemipiro vakapfuma. Gadziriro dzerweidzo dzeiyi nzira dzakakarakadzwa neSerce of Electoral Processionals neHans Hansard Society, kutaura kuti yaizoderedza munda wokutamba ndokuderedza nzwisiso youori. Nepo pasina mutemo wapamutemo wakatangwa, ipfungwa iri kuwanikwa pakati pavatsigiri vezve purotsigiridzo.

Kugadziridza Kwakaita Mari Yemari Pamadhigirii Kuchinja Nzvimbo Yokushandisa

Kuisa mari yemari paIndaneti kwakabva pamipiro yenzvimbo yenzvimbo kuenda panzvimbo huru yemasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika azvino uno. MuUK, zvikuva zvakadai seGoFoundMe, Colfunder, uye maturusi ezvipo zvamatongerwe enyika akatsaurirwa (segadziriro yeboka reLabour kana kuti maConservative mari yemipiro yepaIndaneti) inobvumira vapa mari kuti vate panzvimbo yemipiro yeIndaneti vatengi vane mutenzi inova duku. Chinonyanya kukosha isimba kugona kushandura mipiro miduku, inodzokororwazve kuva mutsinhanhanhatu, ichiita kuti ive tsigiro yezvipo zvishoma. Somuenzaniso, 20211 yeLondon yezvirongwa zveSadqhan Khan yakavimba zvikuru nemipiro miduku yemari inopfuura 15 000 yemari imwe chete. Iyi haisimudziyo bedzi yehondo yakaratidzirwawo uswa.

Kumuka kwemitemo yemitemo inofambiswa nokuwedzera kwemasangano enhau nemasangano enzanga neemail. Zvirongwa zvinogona zvino kuva nezvikumbiro zvakaitirwa vanhu zvikuru zvakavakirwa pamitemo yevhoti — kuzivisa vatsigiri vanobvira, vapi vekare, uye vatsigiri venhau dzenhau dzemakombiyuta. A/B kuongorora mitsetse yemaemail, kugovera peji, uye kuridza mari yezviito zvazova muitiro wetsika. Maererano nomushumo weUK Centre for Data Ethics uye Innovation, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akashandisa nzira dzemari yakakwirira pa40% yakakwirira kupfuura iya inotsamira pamitoo yegamuchidzanwa. Zvisinei, basa iri rinounza ngozi: mamiriro ezvinhu echienzi, nokuda kwedzo mune dzimwe nyika dzinopfuura paindaneti, kupfurikidza nokupindira kwemakombiyuta, uye kudzokororongedzero yemashoko emashoko okunyanyisa.

Mumwe muenzaniso unokosha kushandiswa kwe "masvingo okuwana pamutemo" uye zvipupuriro zvevhidhiyo zvinozvimirira zvinoitirwa nameya vanoshaiwa zvirongwa zvebato. Mukati ma 2024 West yeMangaijarini sarudzo, mukwidziridziridziri akasimudzwa Alastair Watson anopfuura $200,000 kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yamavhidhiyo evhairasi paTik Tok naInstagram, kuisa kusagutsikana munzanga nemapoka makuru maviri. Rubudiriro rwake runoratidzira kuti mari yemiteshi inogona kuderedza kusvika kukunzverwa kwezviwanikwa zvenhimbe, kunyange zvazvo ichimutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pepesvedzero yokuoneka kwemitemo pakuenzana kwemari inodzoro.

Kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mari inobhadharwa pakombiyuta yakavimbika, Electoral Commission yakabudisa nhungamiro yokuongorora kuti vapi vapa Indaneti vaizivikanwa sei, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemipiro inopfuura $500. Asi nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti mitemo iyi yava yechinyakare. Kuongorora kwakaitwa neLondon School of Economics kwakaratidza kuti inenge 12% yemipiro yepaipi yepaIndaneti yakawanikwa nevanhu vane makero asingagoni kusimbiswa nenguva, zvichibvira kubvumira mari yokumwe kupfuudza makombiyuta. Semugumisiro, mipiro chaiyo yezvipo chaiyo — zvakadai semipiro yokubatanidza mapepa okunyoresa mapepa ezve — iri kuongororwa neElmector Commission yezve yezvero yezvero.

Kushandiswa Kwezvigadzirwa Zvokunyora Mashoko uye Kushambadzwa Kwazvinoitwa

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu harusi kungochinja bedzi matsigirirwo anoitwa mari asi kuti runorwiwa sei. Kuda kudzora nokutanhamara kwemicroscope inobvumira nhimbe kuzivisa mapoka evavhoti — zvakadai savaridzi vemisha vasina kurongeka vane makore 30-45 muwadhi iri mumucheto — uye kupa mashoko anogadziriswa kupfurikidza nezvinobudisa nhau dzenzanga, email, kana kuti mashoko. Mu 20211 Metro Mayaric, sarudzo, meya wemishoni yeWest Midlands, Andy Street, akashandisa chiteji yakakwirira yemashoko kuvhotera kupfurikidza nemitemo inoda (transport, mabasa, mhoteredzo) uye kuashandira akakodzera paindaneti. Nhimberidzo dzake dzakashuma kuwedzera 25% mukubatanidza zvikamu zvakapfuura, mabhirijini okusvika mukati mabhiza.

Mutoo uyu unomutsa mibvunzo inokosha yetsika nemitemo. General Data Protection Regculation (GDPR) inoganhurira kushandiswa kwemashoko omunhu oga nokuda kwokuvhota pasina mvumo yakajeka. Office yeInformation Commissioner’s Office (ICO) yakabudisa faindi kunhimbe dzinoverengeka dzekuputsa mazita, kubatanidza mutengo wakaisvonaka we $450,000 kumunhu wemongiritari womunzvimbomo muna 2022 wokuvhota mapepa enzanga pasina mvumo. Kutarira mberi, ICOS iri kutanga bumbiro chairo rokushandisa nokuda kwemibato yemijekedzo yakajeka yokushandisa mashoko uye miganhuro pakwaro yokugoverana kwemadata yomunzvimbomo pakati pezvirongwa uye matatu.

Chimwe denho iri kumuka ibasa rezvinobudisa nhau zvokugadzirwa — zvakadzika midzi nezviri mukati meAI - generated — munhimbe dzemameya. Mukati memanhambo 2024 okusarudza, vhidhiyo yakadzika yemumiririri wemo wemota muNorth yeEngland ichiita zvipikirwa zvenhema paIssapp, ichiparira nyongano nechinhu chinokakavara chokupedzisira. Electoral Commission haina masimba akananga okudzora zviri mukati, kuchitungamirira kukukumbira chiremera chitsva chenhimbedzo chemichina yemichina. Mushumo 2024 neCentreal yeStua yeDhemocravial Democracy Magameance yakarumbidza kuti zvose zvechirongwa zvechikondira cheAI jinion zvinofanira kuva neraclayer , zvakafanana nokutonga muEurope yeEurope yeMite yeMitemo yeEurope.

Kuchinjira Kumhoteredzo Yapashure PechiPandemic

Denda reCOVID rakachinja zvechigarire nzira iyo nhimbe dzinoita nayo navavhoti. Dzimba dzetaundi dzinooneka, marusando anogara Q&A, uye zvikuva zvekurukurirano paIndaneti zvazova muitiro. Kuna vanameya, ichi chinjo chave chiri zvose zviri zviviri mari inotengwa nemusipi wekubudirira. Panzvimbo pokurenda nzvimbo huru dzemisangano, makambani anogona kuparira zviitiko zvemari, kusvika kuzvose zviri zviviri mumaguta nomumaruwa panguva imwe chete. 2022 South York Meyaral anoona mukwikwikwidzani achivanguridzo 15 paIndaneti, mumwe nomumwe achikweva ne 500 vapindi vemibato — kupfuura zvikuru kugona kupinda mumuviri musangano womunzanga.

Zvisinei, kugadzira zvinhu zvisina kutsarukana kunoparirawo zvikamu zvitsva zvokushandisa: kugadzira mavhidhiyo, kubhadharisa mari yechiteshi, uye kusava nekombiyuta. Imba yepaIndaneti inogona kudyira $500-$1 000 nokuda kwezvishandiso zvenyanzvi uye vashandi vane mwero. Panguva ino, zvinoitika zvemuviri hazvina kunyangarika zvachose, asi basa razvo rachinja. Mibato zvino inoshandisa kugogodza suo nezviitiko zvomunzvimbomo kuti pave nechivimbo, nepo ichichengeta mikoto yemichina yemakombiyuta nokuda kwokunyengetesa nokubhadhadhadha. Kuenzana pakati pema neapureji yema nesiri yomutemo kuchiri kuchiri kugadziriswa, uye miraudzo yomunguva yemberi ingada kurondedzera migaro yokushandisa mitengo yemitengo yakasiyana neyagara iripo.

Kupinda kuripo imukana mukuru. Zviitiko zveIndaneti zvinogona kunyorwa, kushandurwa, uye kuchengetwa, zvichibvumira vavhoti vane urema kana kuti kutadza kufamba kuti vaite chimwe chinhu. Dare reElectoral riri kuongorora panguva ino kana zvichizorayira kuti vose vanoda kuzogara panzvimbo yevakuru vakuru vape chiitiko chimwe chete paIndaneti panguva yenhimbe. Izvi zvingaratidza danho rinokosha kuti pave nehurumende inosarudzwa nevoruzhinji, asi zvingaitawo kuti pave nemari inodiwa nokuda kwemichina yemagetsi — zvikurukuru nokuda kwemapoka maduku uye vanhu vasina mari yakawanda.

Kuramba Kune Matambudziko Nemikana Yeramangwana

Pasinei zvapo nebviro yokugadzirwa kwemichina, denho dzinoverengeka dzegadziriro dzinopfuurira. Chokutanga, kuvanza mashoko uye mashoko asiri echokwadi ityisidziro mbiri dzokusarudza. Kupararira kwenhau dzenhema kupfurikidza nealgoritimes dzenzanga, kazhinji kazhinji yakawedzerwa nenhimbe, kunogona kubvisa chivimbo chomuvhoti. Kuvhota kweYou Gov kwakawana kuti 67% yeUK Copectis inodavira kuti kuzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika paIndaneti hakuna kururama, uye 58% inotsigira kurambidzwa kuiswa kwemicroscope muzvishambadzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika chose chose chose. Kubviswa nezviteshinasso zvakadai seMeta naX (Oriedutai) (Akareripo) kuderedza mamiriro enyika angabetsera, asi nhizha yokutowana basa rakadaro seri kupfurikidza nokushandisa pesvedzero nezvinobhadharo.

Chechipiri, kusaenzana kwemari kunoramba kwakakomba. Nepo mari yemari yave kuiswa pasi pemasangano makuru, vanosanoda kubatanidzwa vanobva kumapoka makuru vanogona kupfuvura vazvimiririri uye mapoka maduku nechikamu chegumi. Somuenzaniso, 2024 dare rehurumende reLondon rakaona muccumbunt Sadiq Khan rakapedza $1.1 miliyoni, nepo muvengi wake mukuru Susan Hall achipedzerwa pa $900,000, uye muGreenland $150 000. Mari yavose yaigona kupfupikisa mukamukana uyu, sezvingakarakadza kupedza kushambadza kwemichina yemichina. Varwi veLabour vakakarakadza chipfeko paIndaneti inopedza mari inotengwa paIndaneti panzvimbo imwe chete, asi izvi zvinopesana neyamuvakidzamagariro epamagariro.

Chechitatu, mamiriro okunze okutungamirira anofanira kufambirana nokuchinja kweruzivo. Chirongwa chazvino uno chemitemo — PPERA — chakanyorwa pamberi pokumuka kwezvinobudisa nhau. Hachifukidziri zvakakwana kutengesa, zviri mukati meAI-platform, kana kuti mupiro womuchinjidzi. Mushumo wa2024 kubva kuImba yeCommons Public Administration and Constitution Affaition Communitical Communing Union mukati me Electoral Commission, ine masimba okunzvera, anoda kujeka muda kuiswa kwapanyuko, uye kuisa fashoni chaiyo yenguva yokuputsa. Chikamu chakadaro chaizotsigirwa nekambani yeLevy paplatifomu, zvakafanana nokusvika muAustralia nokuda kwekushambadzira.

Parutivi rwebanza, nguva yemberi yenhimbe yemari yemeya ingagona kupinza ruzivo rwemari inovhara mipiro inoonekwa. Zvirongwa zvinoverengeka zvendege zvakaedza gadziriro dzakavakirwa pamipiro inodzorwa apo mupiro mumwe nomumwe unonyorwa nenzira isingachinjiki uye pachena, zvichideredza ngozi yemari yakavanzika. Guta reLiverpool rakaedza nechirongwa chemari inovharwa nezvinovharwa munhimberi yemari mu 2023 kupfurikidza nokurongeka kwayo, uye kunyange zvazvo kugamuchirwa kwakaderera, kwakaratidza kuti kunobvira nokuda kwokubhadharwa kwemari. Nenzira yakafanana, zvishandiso zvokushandisa zvisaririra zvapamhiko zvakasha dzakasimukwa zvakafanana neboka guru rezvikwata.

Imwe fambiro mberi inovimbisa kukura kwenhimbe inogoverwa nenzanga inopa mari inobva kunheyo dzakazvimirira. Masangano akadai seJoseph Rowntree Reform Trust akagovera zvipo zviduku zvinowirirana kuvazvimiriri vanozvimirira vomunzvimbomo vanoratidzira tsigiro yetsanga. Idzi mvumo dzinoiswa pa $45 000 asi dzinogona kuita musiano mukuru mumadzinza akasimba. Kukudza mari yebetsero yakadaro, nepo ichiivimbisa kuramba iri yakazvimirira uye ine mavara marefu, ingagona kupfuudzazve zvamatongerwe enyika zvemamomeyameya.

mhedziso

Nguva yemberi yenhimbe yemari nenhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika muUK iri kugadziriswa nebvumirano yemugadziridzo weruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kugadziridza, uye kuchinja zvimiro zvendangariro zvevanhu. Kuisa mari nemirairo yemajeni zviri kuita kuti nhimbe dzibudirire zvikuru uye dzisvike, asi zvinoparirawo kushambadza kutsva pachivande, mashoko asina kururama, uye kusaenzana. Mitemo yokuona pachena yenguva chaiyo, kushuma, uye mari inowirirana yavose inogovera nzira kumutsa nokuvhotera kwakasiyana. Munguva ino, kugamuchirwa kwemichina yemichina yemichina inoshambadzwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvinovhurika zvinopfukira mberi zvichava chiratidzo chikuru mukukwidza mari neyamura. Iyi mipiro yacho ichava yavose usiku, asi kuoneka pachena: