Denho Yemvura Yenyika Yose: Sumo

Mvura yakachena ndiyo nheyo yeshambidziko yavanhu, basa remari, uye mamiriro ezvinhu emhoteredzo. Kunyange zvakadaro chitsama ichi chinopetwa chinenge chikanyanya kuoma. Chiverengero chenyika yose, chinopfuura mabhiriyoni 8, chinoramba chichiwedzera pamwero wavanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 80 pagore. Zviverengero izvi zvinochinja, kugadzirwa kwemiitiro yemari, kutungamirira kudiwa kwemvura nemabasa ezvokuchengetedza nokuwedzera. Zvirongwa zveUnited Nations izvo zvinoda mvura pasi pose zvinogona kukunda kugoverwa ne40% pa2030 panosvika makumi emakore kana miitiro yazvino zvinoenderera mberi. Nhamba idzi dzinoratidza mubvunzo mukuru we 21-nhamba yezvipo: Kuchinja kunoita sei kuti mvura ive nechokwadi chakakwana nokubudirira nokuwanda kwevagari vemo yepasi nemamiriro okunze? Zvirongwa zvematunhu ezvoupfumi zvichasarudza kugadzikana kwezvokudya, uye kubudirira kweupfumi.

Dambudziko Riri Kuwedzera: Vanhu, Kurwara, uye Mamiriro Okunze

Kuti anzwisise nguva yemberi yomuitiro wemvura, munhu anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa mwero nerudzi zvedzvinyiriro dzinoparira njodzi. aya masimba haasi kushanda ari oga. Anovakana, kuchiparira dzvinyiriro yemvura iyo yakasiana zvikurukuru nokushaikwa kwenguva yakapfuura kwomunzvimbomo.

Dzvinyiriro Dzoupenyu Pamiitiro Yechipiniti

Kuwedzera kwavagari vemo kunokurumidza kushandura zvakananga kuwedzerwa kwokubvisa mvura nokuda kwokushandisa kwemhuri, utsanana, uye utsanana. UN Sustainable Development Servement 6 (SDG 6) inovavarira kuva nechokwadi chokuva nechokwadi chokuwana mvura yokunwa yakachengeteka neinodhura pakuzosvika muna 2030. Zvisinei, mishumo yeUnited Nations inoratidzira kuti fambiro mberi iri kure nenzira inotyisa. Vanhu vanenge 2.2 bhiriyoni vanoshaiwa kukwanisa kudzora zvakanaka kunwa mumibato yemvura. Mamitengo akashata zvikurusa muSub-Saharan Africa neSouth Asia, umo mwero wechiverengero chavagari vemo chavagari vemo chapasi pose uye nzvimbo dzinogara dziripo dzinoderera. Chinetsori pamusoro pokungova mvura nokuda kwokunwa; kuri kugovera mvura yakakwana kuti vawande, vanogadzira simba, uye maindasitiri anotsigira vanhu vanowedzera.

Kurima Nokutengesa Mvura Chaizvoizvo

Mazambiringa ezvokurima anodokusvika 70% ezvikamu zvose zvemvura yakachena yenyika yose, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma, nhamba iyi inopfuura 90%. Kudyisa vanhu vane 10 bhiriyoni panosvika 2050 kuchada wedzero huru mukugadzirwa kwezvokudya, kuisa simba guru pamarongedzero ezvokudya. Pfungwa yakakomba pano ndiyo mvura [[FLD]] [[1] &mdash]; mvura yakanyudzwa mukugadzirwa kwezvokudya nemidziyo. Apo nyika inopinza zviyo kana kuti nyama, inopinza mvura inoshandiswa kubudisa zvirimwa izvozvo. Zvimiro zvemiitiro zvinofanira kuwedzera nokuda kweiri. Muenzaniso, mvura inooma muMiddle East inotsamira zvikuru pazvirimwa zvinotengwa, zvinoshaidzwa nokubudirira.

Kushaya Mwero Womugariro Wekunze Nokushayikwa Kwemvura

Kukura kwevagari vemo kwoga chinetso chinoda kutemuka; kwakabatanidzwa nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kunova chinetso che-VNC. Chinjo yemamiriro okunze inochinja zvikuru mamiriro okunze. Mhepo yeWarmer inochengeta unyoro hwakawanda, kuchitungamirira kukusanaya kwemvura kwakakomba uye kusingaperi mune dzimwe nyika uye mafashamo ane ngwavaira mune dzimwe. Munhau dzakapfuura, zvinhu zvine chokuita nemvura zvakagadzirwa pahwaro hwekufungidzira kwemastatu — pfungwa yokuti mitoo yemvura yakachetura yakacherekedzwa munguva yakapfuura icharamba iripo munguva yemberi. Iyi mirangariro haisati ichatongovazve inoshanda. Madokero eAmerica eNyika yokuMadokero anogovera muenzaniso wakajeka zvikuru: Rwizi rwaColoradova rwakaitwa namakumi maviri amakore, kuchisunda matura enyika (Laked neLake Powell) kusvikira kunhau yenhau yenhau yenhau yenhau ino ino anoka yenhau ino anodzo inoka. Iyi inoka inoraira kudzorwa kugadziriswa kwemvura inhau yenhau inoita kubva pakugadziriso.

Zvinetso Zvikuru Zvinotarisana Nemitemo Yemvura Yazvino Uno

Tisati taronga nzira dzokugadzirisa nadzo, zvinokosha kuti tizive kuti mvura iripo inokundikana sei uye kuti itsika dzakaita sei.

Mvura Yapasi Papasi: Kugadzira Chiwanikwa Chisingachagadzirisiki

Mvura yapasi ndiyo chitoro chikurusa chinoparadzirwa chemvura inowanwa inosvikika, ichigovera hafu yemvura yose yokunwa munyika yose ne 43% yemvura inoshandiswa mukudiridza. Zvisinei, munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika dzinoparira zvokudya, mvura yapasi iri kucherwa pamwero mukuru zvikuru. Iyi inobudirira kuchera chivako chisati chiri chitsva. Ogalla Aquifer, iyo inoisa mibatanidzwa misere muUS Great Plains, yaona mwero yemvura ichiderera ne 15% muzana ramakore rapfuura, nenharaunda dzinowana madonhwe matombo akawanda zvikuru. MuIndia, mvura hurusa enyika inodzorwa, inotyisidzira kudyira, inotyisidzira kudyira kwamazana amamirioni avana varimi. Kubudirira kunofanira kutarisana neUS: [FTGPG]

Mvura Yakanaka uye Zvinosvibisa

Kushaikwa kwemvura hakusi chinetso bedzi chehuwandu hwemvura; chinetsowo. Kushatisa zvinowanika, kukwidza mutengo wokurapa nokuparira ngozi dzoutano hwavanhu. Kufema kunoparira mapombi emvura akafa zvikuru mumvura dzemhenderekedzo dzegungwa. Kubuda kwenzvimbo dzebhizimisi kunopinza simbi dzinorema namakemikari ane chepfu. Kupfuurirazve, kubudisa zvinonhuwira zvakadai sePer- nepolyfworalkyl (PFAS) kuri kudenha kurapa kwemarabhoniti enguva dzose. PFAS kuri kupfuurira zvikuru mumhoteredzo uye kwakabatanidzwa nemiuyo yakaipa. Kudzivirira njodzi yemhoteredzo yemhoteredzo yemvura kwakakarakadzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura iyi kuti kuchenge kuchida mipimo yokunwa mvura yePFAS, uko kuchada mabhirioni ane mabhiriyoni emadhoro emarikero enguva yemberi nokuda kwokudzivirira mvura.

Kuparadzana Kwoutongi Nokuparadza

Munzvimbo dzakawanda, mvura inodzora yakakamukana zvikuru. Chiremera chinokamuraniswa mumazana ezvirongwa zvomunzvimbomo, zvenharaunda, zveruwa, uye zvehurumende. Uku kuparadzanisa kunoita kuti kuronga kuwirirane mumipata inotsvedzerwa. Mukuwedzera, yakawanda yemichina yemvura yenyika ichiri kukwegura uye inobuda. MuUnited States, EPA inofungidzira kuti marigiramu ane marita akawanda emvura yakarapwa anenge arasikirwa gore rimwe nerimwe nemhaka yokuvhudza mapaipi emari. American Society of Civilen Engiers inopa rudzi rwokunwa nguva dzose boka remvura yeC-D kana kuti D+. Kutsiva nokuvandudza iyi zvivako zvichada mari inotengwa pachikero chisati chaitwa. Mutengo wenguva yemberi unofanira kuvhara mari inobhadhaka nokudzora kuti iwirirane mativi ose emari.

Zvirongwa Zvinoshandiswa Pakugadzira Mamiriro Ezvinhu Akanaka

Mazano ari pasi apa anoratidza zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoshandiswa nevagadziri vemitemo kuti vave nemvura yakasimba mune ramangwana.

Mari Nezvibereko Zvemvura Zvinowedzera

Mvura yakarangarirwa munhau sechipo chikuru, chapachena chechisiko, kuchitungamirira kutsvina yakapararira. Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zvokuchengetedza ndicho mavambo akakodzera. Apo mvura inodhura zvikuru, hapana kurudziro nokuda kwavashandisi, vangave variri, vaindasitiri, kana kuti vagari, kuti vashande mumibato. ] Yakagadzirwa zviri kuwedzera mitengo inodzivirira mari [, apo mutengo weyuniyumu] unowedzera sezvo kudhura, inogona kuvimbisa kuti zvinodikanwa zvinokosha zvinopedzwa nenzira inokodzera apo zvinoodza kushaidzwa nokusashanda. Iyi nzira inotaputiswa mune zvematongerwaiza mune zvezvamatongerwe enyika, seiyi iri mvura yakarurama, sezvinoratidzirwa kugadzira zvivako zvinodzivirira mari inodzivirira mhuri pasi pano nokuwana mutengo mukuru. Australia inogona kubetsera kugadzira nhevedzano kubudisa magetsi.

Vadzori Vemitemo Nemipimo Yokubudirira

Kupfuura kuisa murairo wakananga unoita basa rinokosha. Mipimo yokushanda zvakanaka nokuda kwezvigadzirwa, midziyo, uye mabasa okugadzira zvinhu inogona kuvhara muchengetero kwenguva refu pasina mirau yemutengo kana kuti mufambiro womushandisi. Purogiramu yeUS EPA's WaterSense yave ichishanda zvikuru, inobetsera vatengi kuziva zvinhu zvinobudirira. Mabumbiro emitemo okuvaka anogona kuraira kuti kugadzira mvura nokukohwa mvura. Parutivi rwemapurazi, mirau inogona kuisa muganhu pakushandiswa kwemvura pahekita imwe kana kuti kurayira kushandiswa kwemichina inoshanda zvakanaka yokudiridza semichina yokudiridza. Regation inodikanwa nokuda kwokudzora micheto yemvura, kubviswa kubva ku [FLT:] michina yokugadzira kubereka. [FLT]

Kunzvera Munzvimbo Yemari Yemvura Yakatenderera

Mufananidzo werouti unoshandiswa "Tora, shandisa" haigoni kuvimbwa nemvura. Nguva yemberi iri mumugariro wemari yemvura yakatenderera. Ikoku kunoreva kubata mvura inoshandiswa kwete setsvina, asi sechinhu chinokosha. Chikamu chinonatsa. Chinoshandiswazve, chinoshatisa [[; chinorapa mvura inosesasesa mukunwa nokuidzosera kumvura inonakisa nokuidzosera kumipimo yemvura. Mitemo inofanira kutsigira nenzira yokushingaira nhevedzano yezvirongwa izvi, kuvaka mufambiro wemitengo wazvino uno unopfuudza mvura yazvino uno. Oreculty, yeGrona, yeGward Reficianism igadziriro yemvura hurusasesaidzo yenyika dzepasi pevhu, inopfumisa mvura dzinoshatsanyiswa nokushandisa mvura yapasi pevhu.

Kudzora Kunogadziridzwa Nokutarisira Zviwanikwa Zvemvura Zvakapinzwa

Nemhaka yokusava nechokwadi kwokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, muitiro wemvura unofanira kugadziridzwa. Kuwanda kwemvura nezvinoiswa mumvura, uye mitoo yavanhu nezvinodikanwa. Kudzora kunobatanidza zvinangwa zvakajeka, kushandisa nzira, kudzora, uye kugadziridza migumisiro yakavakirwa pamashoko matsva. Izvi zvinoda kuunganidzwa kwakasimba uye kujeka. Masangano emvura anofanira kupiwa simba rokuita zvisarudzo zvemamiriro enguva chaiwoiwo enzvimbo dzakati. Rwizi rwaColorad, nepo kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu adzo nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.

Basa Rokuchinja Roruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu harusi chibayiso chesirivha, asi chinhu chinokosha chinobatsira kukwanisa kushandisa mvura yemazuva ano.

Magirazi Emvura Akangwara uye Kunzwa

Shoko rinorondedzera kuvhengana kwemifungo yeIFLT yezvinhu (IOT) yemifungo yeIT, mitaro yakakwirira, uye mashoko okunaya mugadziriro dzokuparadzira mvura. Iyi gadziriro inogovera urongwa hwenguva chaiyo mudzvinyiriro, kuyerera, uye kunaka kwemvura. Kubatsira kukuru kuvhura. Kunogona kurasikirwa na20-30% yemvura yavo kudonha vasati vatombowanikwa. Zvinzwa zvinongwa zvinogona kuisa pachena kubuda mumaminiti anovira, zvichibvumira kugadzirwa nokukurumidza uye kuchengetedzwa kwemvura. Nokuda kwavatengi, mamita akachenjera anogovera mashoko ane udzame pakushandiswa, kuaita kuti ashandure nokuderedza. Miteo yemiteo yemiteo yemiteo yokugadzira zvinhu.

Kurapa Kwakawedzera: Kubvisa Mari uye Kushandisazve

Sezvo manyuko emvura yakachena agara achidzorwa zvikuru, manyuko akasiana anova anoshanda zvikuru. Desatority [[FT:1] yemvura yomugungwa nevhu rinotsvedza inogovera mugove wemvura yemamiriro okunze asingawirirani. Tsitsiridzano dzemicheto mukudzoro yeosmosis yaderedza zvikuru simba rinodikanwa nokuda kwokubvisa simba mumakumi amakore mashomanene apfuura. Nepo kupfuudzwa kwesimba remvura kusati kwaitwa namagetsi kupfurikidza nokugadzirwa kwamazuva ose, desilination chishandiso chakakomba chamaguta omumhenderekedzo yegungwa chakatarisana nokushata kukuru. Somuenzaniso, Israeri, zvinosangana zvino na50% yezvinodikanwa zvayo zvemari zvinoda kupfurikidza nokubviswa kwemvura. Kutsigira kwemitengo kunobatanidza simba rokudzora simba remichero yemichero nokuwana simba remiti.

Kuongorora Mashoko Nokufanodeya Kuitika

Kutarisirwa kwemvura ibasa resatellite inobva kuNASA nemamwe masangano anoongorora kuderera kwemvura yepasi, uwandu hwechando, uye uwandu hwekufema. Kudzidza maatomu anogona kufanoziva kudiwa kwemvura, kufanofanofanoziva kukundikana kwepaipi, uye kugadziridza kushanda kwematengi nenzvimbo dzokurapa. Somuenzaniso, kufanotaura kweGoogle kuti mafashamo anoshandisa AIP kuti ape nyevero dzapakuvamba dzezviitiko zvemafashamo muIndia neBangladesh, achipa vanhu nguva yokugadzira. Vagadziri vemitengi vemikoro vanofanira kuisa mari mumichina yemichina yemichina yemichina uye mabasa anodiwa kuti vashandise zvishandiso zvokurapa. Mitengo yemazita inogonawo kubatsira vatsvakurudzi vezvokugadzira mvura kuti vatange kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwemvura.

Kubatanidzwa Kwenzanga Nokugadziridza Maitiro

Hapana muitiro, pasinei zvapo nokuti wakasanogadzirwa sei, unogona kubudirira pasina kutora rutivi kwokunzwisisa nokushingaira kwenzanga kwainotapura.

Kutarisira Mvura Kwomubatanidzwa

Vatarisiri vemvura vakakwirira vane nhau refu yokukundikana. Nzanga dzine manyuko emvura akabatanidzwa kana kuti anofuratirwa kazhinji kazhinji dzinodzivisa kana kuti kushatisa miitiro. Water User Associations (Nakapo) itsika yakabvumikiswa nokuda kwokudzorwa kwemitengo yokudiridza, kuendesa mutoro nokuda kwokushanda kwegadziriro nekuchengetera varimi vomunzvimbomo. Ikoku kunoparira pfungwa yokuva muridzi nokuzvidavirira. Mumiitiro yeguta, mitoo yemari yokubhajeka inogona kubvumira vagari vemo kutaura zvakananga mukuchengetedza mari inogadzirwa, zvakadai seminda yemvura nemirazasino inonamira. Miitiro inobudirira inoparira zvivako zvokuvakwa kwapamhika, kuvimbisa kuti manzwi evoko adzoro, kubatanidza mapoka avanhu vakaberekerwa mumaguta amo naanowakaderera.

Kusakurira Kuchengetedza Mvura

Kuchengeteka kwemvura kwenguva refu kunoda kuchinja. Kuchengeta mvura kunofanira kuva tsika yakadzika midzi, kwete bedzi kuita ganhuriro kuganhuriro dzekurumidziro. Ikoku kunobatanidza nhimbe dzedzidzo yavose dzakasimba, mapurogiramu echikoro, uye kupararira kwenzanga. Bhevhior shivhoris[ inogona kuva inoshanda zvikuru; somuenzaniso, kugovera mushumo wokuenzanisa kushandiswa kwemvura neyavavakidzani vavo vakanaka kwaratidzwa kuderedza kushandiswa. Zvisarudzo zvamafaro inzvimbo huru yedavi. Kutsiva nyota nouswa hwemiti yemota yakaberekerwamo (xribration) kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura kunze kupfurikidza na50% kana kuti kupfuura. Polickime iyi purofiti inopfuura purogiramu dzemapurogiramu dzekubvisa nokubvisa zvinhu mumaguta anenge Las Corrow nerone.

Mugumo: Kufora Nzira Yokuchengeteko Yemvura

Nguva yemberi yegadziriro yemvura mukutarisana nokukura kwechiverengero chavagari vemo haisati iri pamusoro pokuwana chigadzikiso chimwe chamashiripiti. Ndechokutsvaka mhinduro dzehurukuro, chinodikanwa, kunaka, kuenzana, uye kugadzirika panguva imwe cheteyo. Sundo rokuita chiito riri kuganhurira. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, zvisarudzo zvakaitwa mumakore anotevera zvichavhara muchengeteko yemvura kana kuti njodzi yemvura nokuda kwezvizvarwa. Nzira inoenda mberi inoda kubviswa kubva padziri, kudzora kuwirirano, kuwiriraniswa, uye kudzorwa kwemirayiridzo yemirayiridzo. Kunoda zvisarudzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvakaoma pakushamba, kugoverwa, kutsaurwa, uye chengetedzwa. Zvinorayira kuti tisangokoshesa bedzi mvura somuuyo wezve wezve mari, asi sehwaro inokosha nokuda kwoupenyu, utano, uye mamiriro ezvinhu akasimba. Kupfurikidza nokuoma kwebasa renguva yemberi uye ruzivo rwezvishandiso.