Kunzwisisa Nguva Yemashoko

The Information Age, inozivikanwawo seNhambo yeMaziko, haina kutanga nokugadzirwa kumwe chete asi panzvimbo pezvo yakashanduka nokubatana kwekubatanidza, social, uye ruzivo rwokuchengetedza zvinhu mumakombiyuta mukupera kwezana remakore rechi20. Makombiyuta okutanga, kukura kwemakombiyuta evanhu voga muma1980, uye kutanga kweWorld Wide Web mukuvamba kwama1990 zvakachinja chaizvoizvo kuti mashoko anogadzirwa sei, anoparadzirwa, uye anopedzwa. Nhasi, foni yakaiswa muhomwe kombiyuta inobata simba rokugadzira kupfuura makombiyuta ayo aitungamirira maApollols, uye mashoko aimhanya nokumhanya kwaizoratidzika kuva kusingabviri kunongova nezvizvarwa zviviri zvapfuura.

Nguva ino inorondedzerwa nechinhu chayo chiri pachena zvikurusa: zvakawanda. Uko zvizvarwa zvakapfuura zvakatarisana nokushaikwa kwamashoko — kwakaganhurirwa kuchiverengero chiduku chamapepanhau, nhepfenyuro, uye masangano eterevhizheni — zvino tinorwisana nezvizhinjisa zvemashoko zvisingaperi zvinobva kumamirioni amashoko. Kutenderera kwenhau kwave kuchidzokororwa kuvambira pazuva kusvikira kunguva imwe cheteyo. Zvikamu zvemapepanhau zvenzanga, maatomusclear-drive, uye mashoko akashandiswa nemunhu anogona kuzivisa shoko kuvateereri vepasi pose.

Uku kuiswa kwenzwi pasi kune betsero dzisingarambiki. Nhengo dzakaganhurirwa dzinogona kugoverana nhau dzavo. Vatori venhau vevagari vanogona kunyora zvinoitika izvo zvinofuratirwa nevakawanda. Vashandi vanogona kuronga mhiri kwemiganhu. Asi zvinhu zvimwe chetezvo zvinogonesa miuyo yakanaka zvinobvumirawo kukanganisa, kubvisa mashoko enhema, uye mashoko anoparadzirwa kupararira nokukurumidza zvikuru. Nhau yenhema inogona kuva neutachiona pamberi pokuva nenguva yavacherekedzi vezvinhu. Mitsetse yakakomba uye mifananidzo yakashandiswa kudzika mitsetse pakati pechokwadi nenhema. Rudungwe rwezvisiro zvinopfumisawo simba redu romusikirwo rokunzvera nokungwarira, inosiya kunyange varavi vasakwanisa kushatapurwa.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi, kufamba mumugariro uyu kunoda zvinopfuura kusava nechokwadi chete — kunoda unyanzvi hwakarongeka hunogona kudzidziswa, kushandiswa, uye kunatswa.

Unyanzvi Hunokosha Hwokuparadzira Nhau Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Kukudziridza mano okunzvera nhau nezvinobudisa nhau kunobatanidza kuziva mikwikwi inoverengeka ine chokuita. unyanzvi hunotevera hunozivikanwa zvikuru namasangano okurava nokunyora anoona nhau navadzidzisi sezvinhu zvikuru zvechinhu chinoshanda chokunzvera nacho:

  • Ruvaro: Kuziva kuvimbika nevavariro yomuparidzi kana kuti munyori.
  • [ Kuyera: Kushandisa manyuko akawanda akazvimirira kubvumikisa kutaura.
  • [ Kunzwisisa Bias: Kuzivisa mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika, yezvokutengeserana, kana kuti yepfungwa iyo inoumba kushuma.
  • [ Chinocheka chamabhaisiko: Kushandisa maturusi chaiwo nemitoo kubvumikisa kutaura chaiko.
  • Mediascrinible: Kunzwisisa kuti mafaresheni ezvinobudisa nhau akasiyana - siyana, unyanzvi hwokubudisa, uye mikoto inoparadzira zvinotapura kududzira mashoko.

Unyanzvi uhwu hwose hunoda kunyatsoongororwa, nokuti hahusi hwokungoongorora zvinhu chete asi kuti hunenge huchitoda kuti munhu azvidzidzire.

Kuongorora Kwakabva

Asi munzanga, mibvunzo iyi inochinja - chinja. Website inotevedzera kugadzirwa kwebumbiro renhau repamutemo ingava inonyengera nemaune.

Practical steps for source evaluation include:

  • Nzvera peji yewebsite inonzi "Ngeni" nokuda kwamashoko pamusoro pohuri, mari, miitiro yokunyora, uye gadziridzo. Zvigadzikiso zvinojeka zvinoratidzira udzame ihwohwu; husinganzwisisiki kazhinji kazhinji hunovanza.
  • Tarira zita renzvimbo yapanzvimbo yacho nokungwarira. Nzvimbo dzapamusoro dzechienzi (se.com.co kana kuti .infotaintion) kana kuti kudzongonyedza kuduku kwezvinobuda zvinozivikanwa (zvakadai se "cnn-trending.com" mireza mitsvuku.
  • Nzvera zita romunyori kuti uone mararamiro avo ebasa rimwe nerimwe rinobudiswa. Munyori anongonyora bedzi pamusoro mumwe kana kuti ane nhau yokusimudzira rondedzero dzerangano anofanira kubatwa nokungwarira.
  • Shandisa makombiyuta akaita serekubudisa mashoko enhau dzechiRungu, Cherechedza kuti uone kuti manyuko evimbiko nerusaruro ndeei. Kunyange zvazvo pasina nzira yokuyera nayo yakakwana, maturusi aya anobatsira pakuenzanisa.

Imwe nzira ine simba inodzidziswa neStanford History Education Group "swokuverenga" — kusiya peji yokutanga kuvhura matebhisi matsva nokutsvaka mashoko pamusoro penzvimbo yakabva uye zvairi. Panzvimbo pokugara panzvimbo imwe ndokuedza kuyera kuti ichokwadi mukati, varavi vanoshandisa undefa huru kunzvera mashoko akapoteredza. Kunzvera kunoratidza kuti nyanzvi dzinonzvera idi rinotsamira zvikuru pauyu mutoo, nepo vadzidzi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanoramba vakabatwa mukati mepeji yapakuvamba.

Muchinjikwa

Kudzosera muchinjikwa muitiro wokuongorora mashoko nokutsvaka mashoko akawanda anowanikwa pawebsite imwe chete isina kujeka uye isingagoni kuwanikwa kune imwe nzvimbo, chiratidzo chakasimba chokusazvidzora.

Kudzokororwa kunoshanda kunobatanidza zvinopfuura kungosimbisa kuti nhau yacho iri kune imwe nzvimbo. Kurangarira kukuru kunobatanidza:

  • Kana manyuko akasiyana achipokanidzana, nzverazve.
  • Nyaya yekare yave ichigadzirwazve ingava isina basa kana kuti kutsausa kana ikashandiswa seyazvino.
  • Kana mishumo yose ichibva kunzvimbo dzinobuda nyaya dzezvematongerwe enyika dzakangofanana kana kuti dzisina zvadziri, pangava nenzvimbo isina kujeka.

Kurasika kwemichero kunokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwevhairasi inogarowa pasocial network. Musoro mukuru unoshamisa kana kuti mufananidzo unokatyamadza unowanzobviswa pamashoko awo apakuvamba akapoteredza. Kutsvaka kutaura kwacho mumashoko akafara zvikuru — kushandisa mashoko anokosha, kunzvera kwokuchinja mifananidzo, kana kuti mapepa eidi — kunogona kukurumidza kuzivisa kana zvirimo zvakarurama kana kuti zvikashandiswa.

Kunzwisisa Bias

Zvisinei, kuziva rusaruro kunokosha pakududzira mashoko zvakarurama. Bias anogona kuratidzwa munzira dzakawanda:

  • Kusarura: Inhaui dzinosarudzwa nokuda kwokufukidzwa uye dzinofuratirwa. Kubudisa kwose kwenhau kunoita izvi zvisarudzo, uye zvisarudzo zvinoratidzira mipimo yenhau.
  • Kuratidzira mirangariro: Mapirwe anoitwa nhau — mutauro unoshandiswa, manyuko anonokorwa mashoko, mifananidzo yakasarudzwa, uye mashoko akapoteredza akapiwa. Somuenzaniso, kurondedzera kunyunyuta se "chishoro" muwirirano ne "dhimoni" rine revo dzakasiana.
  • Perisanhe: Kurongeka kwakakomba nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti pfungwa. Zvisakiso zvinorumbidza nguva dzose rimwe boka ndokuzvidza rimwe racho kuratidzira shanje.
  • Tsika dzinodzorwa: Pesvedzero yavashambadziri, vatsigiri, kana kuti varidzi vebhizimisi pamusoro penhau dzomupepeti wenhau. Nhau dzingatsamwisa vashambadziri dzingarerutswa kana kuti kudziviswa.

Kuti uone kana zviri izvo, zvibvunze kuti: Mashoko anotaurwa nemunhu anoedza kumutsa hasha, kutya, kana kuti hasha anoratidza kuti munhu ane pfungwa dzakasiyana - siyana here, kana kuti nyaya yacho inongotaura zvinobvumirana nemaonero ake here?

Zvisinei, hapana chati yakavimbika zvikurusa ndeyokupedza nhau kubva mumarudzi akasiyana - siyana ezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuziva nezvemirangariro yako umene — fungidziro inosimbisa inotiita kuti tigamuchire mashoko anowirirana zvikuru nezvitendero zvedu zvakagara zviripo.

Kurova Kwazvakaita

Zvokwadi kunzvera kwazova chirango chebasa, namasangano akadai se Snopets, FactCC.org, uye [[FLT] Plat] Politict[ yakatsaurirwa kuongorora zvinhu chaizvo. Nzvimbo idzi dzinogovera kuongorora kune udzame hunobatanidza manyuko, nguva, uye zvisarudzo (Chokwadi, Chokwadi, Chokwadi, ndezvechokwadi, zvichitengwa.). Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, kuziva kuti zvinhu izvi zvishavo sei unyanzvi hunokosha.

Kupfuura kuvimba navachenjeri vemaidi, vanhu vanogona kushandisa mutoo weSIFT wakatangwa naMike Caulfield weWashington State University. SIFT inomirira:

  • Mira: Usati wagoverana kana kuti kuita pamusoro pamashoko, mira kuti uone kana une mashoko akapoteredza akakwana.
  • [[FOL:0] Kubatanidza manyuko: Shandisa kurava kwapashure kuti udzidze pamusoro pomuparidzi nomunyori.
  • Wana kubhadharwa kuri nani: Tsvaka kushuma kwakavimbika musoro mumwe chetewo panzvimbo pokunzvera kutaura kwapakuvamba mukuparadzaniswa.
  • kutaura, kunokora mashoko, uye zvinobudisa nhau zvinodzokera kumashoko apakuvamba: Mashoko kana kuti mufananidzo zvingave zvakatorwa mumashoko akapoteredza; wana kutaura kwapakuvamba, bvunzurudzo, kana kuti chinoitika kuti unzwisise chakataurwa chaizvoizvo kana kuti kuratidzwa.

Mutoo weSIFT wakagadzirirwa kuva wokukurumidza — kazhinji kazhinji kutora risingasviki miniti imwe — uye unowirirana nenzira iyo vacherekedzi vemaidi vane unyanzvi vanoshanda nayo.

Kuverenga Nokunyora Zvinobudisa Mashoko

Kunyora nokunyora mashoko hakungogumiri pakuongorora nyaya dzenhau kuti dzinzwisise zvinhu zvinobudisa nhau.

Chinokosha mukuyera mashoko iCRAAP, inomirira C , Rlevince, [[[[FLT:]]A][[FLT]]], [[FLT]][5] , [[FLT]] , [[FLT] , [[FOLT] P [[FLT] P] P [.]

  • Mari: Mashoko acho akabudiswa rini kana kuti akapedzisira kuchinjwa?
  • Kuongorora: Mashoko acho ane chokuita nezvaunoda here?
  • Chiremera: Munyori wacho ndiani?
  • Zvakarurama: Mashoko acho anotsigirwa nouchapupu here?
  • Chinangwa: Nei mashoko aya aripo — kuzivisa, kunyengetedza, kuvaraidza, kana kuti kutengesa?

Vadzidzi vanonzwisisa kuti mifananidzo inogona kugadzirwa sei kana kuti kurongwa, kuti migumisiro yakanaka ingaumba sei manzwiro, uye kuti misoro yenhau inogona sei kusakodzera zviri mumanyuko yakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuziva unyanzvi ihwohwo apo inoshandiswa nevamwe.

Kufunga Nezvakwakaita

Kunyange kana tine unyanzvi hwakasimba mukuongorora uye kuongorora chokwadi, kudyidzana kwevanhu kwakatanga kukanganisa zvatinoedza kuita. Kunzwisisa pfungwa idzi chinhu chinokosha pakudzidza kubudisa mashoko.

Kutsigira rusaruro [ ikombamiro yokutsvaka nokufarira mashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zvedu zviripo nepo zvichifuratira ufakazi hunopokanidzana. MuNhambo yeMashoko, kusimbisa fungidziro kunowedzerwa nezvikuva zvinotipa manyuko zvingatibvumiranisa. Mugumisiro inzvimbo yokunamira umo mirangariro inopesana inowanzopinda.

Kusashaika kwechakavanzika kunotitungamirira kukunyanyisa bviro yezvinoitika zvakajeka, zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, kana kuti zvemirangariro. Kuwanda kwakadzikama kwemisoro mikuru yenhau inonyandura pamusoro poutsotsi, hosha dzisingawanzowaniki, kana kuti zvisakafanira zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvinogona kukanganisa kunzwisisa kwedu ngozi nechinhu chaichoicho.

Muuyo wekudzorwa neTsinga unorondedzera kuti vanhu vane zivo yakaganhurirwa panhau kazhinji kazhinji havawanzogoni kusvitsa ganhuriro dzavo, nepo nyanzvi dzichiziva zvikuru ganhuriro dzavo vamene. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira varavi kugoverana mashoko asina kururama nechivimbo nemhaka yokuti havazivi kuoma kwenhau yacho.

Muuyo wezvokwadi yenhema inoreva kuti kuratidzirwa kwapakarepo kunhema kunokuita kuti kunzwe kuri kwechokwadi zvikuru. Ndicho chikonzero nei paradziro nenhimbe dzokuparadzira mashoko zvichitsamira pakudzokorora kwenguva dzose muzvikuva zvakawanda. Kunyange kana kutaura kuchidzimwa, kurovedzanawo zvako kweshoko rapakuvamba kunogona kugara mundangariro.

Vadzidzisi vanofanira kudzidzisa zvakajeka pamusoro peiyi mirangariro ndokukurudzira kusarura — kufunga pamusoro pokufunga kwomunhu amene. Miitiro yokurangarira, yakadai seyokuti: “Neiko ndichidavira ikoku? kana kuti "Ufakazii hunogona kuchinja ndangariro yangu? ”

Zvirongwa Zvinoshanda Zvevadzidzisi

Kudzidzisa kurava nokunyora mumapepanhau hakurevi kupa hurukuro imwe chete; kuri pamusoro pokufunga kwokutsoropodza kwokusanyanyisa mukurovedza kwezuva nezuva.Hedzidzi nzira dzinoshanda idzo vadzidzisi vanogona kushandisa:

  • Shandisa mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo: Ongorora mashoko asina kururama evhairasi ayo vadzidzi vakasangana nawo. Kurukurai kuti inopararira sei uye kuti unyanzvii hunoiita kuti inyengetedze.
  • dzidzisa kurava kwapashure zvakajeka: Pedza chidzidzo kuva navadzidzi vanovhura matebhisi akawanda kuti vaongorore manyuko, panzvimbo pokunzvera peji imwe. Goverera mibvunzo inotungamirirwa nokuda kwetebhu imwe neimwe.
  • Rovedzo dzeidi rekunzvera: Ipa vadzidzi kutaura kunomutsa nharo ndokuvakumbira kushandisa Snopes, FactCheck.org, kana kuti Politifact kuisimbisa. Vaite kuti vape zviwanwa zvavo kukirasi.
  • Kunzvera gadziriro dzenhau dzokurava nokunyora: Kunzvera zviwanikwa zvinobva Chirongwa cheMashoko cheKunyora nokunyora , icho chinogovera zvinhu zvekirasi zvapachena, kubatanidza nzvimbo yokudzidzira paIndaneti inonzi checkology.
  • Kushambadza kweAnalyze nezviri mukati zvakatsigirwa: Ratidza vadzidzi mienzaniso yokushambadzira kwavagari vemo (mapepa anotevedzera zviri mukati menhau) ndokuvakumbira kuziva musiyano uri pakati penhau nokusimudzirwa.
  • Tunga kirasi "misponse rector file":[[FMT:1] Pamuchina wesemester, unganidza mienzaniso yengano dzenhema kana kuti dzinotsausa ndokunzvera chakaita kuti zvive zvinodavirika kana kuti zvisingadaviriki. Mugadziri faira rondedzero yacho panomuka nyaya itsva.

Kuongorora kunogona kubatanidza kuita kuti vadzidzi vaite nzvero yezvinobudisa nhau, umo vanoshandisa nzvero yeCRAAP kana kuti mutoo weSIFT kunhevedzano yenhau dzenhau ndokutsanangura mafungire avo.

mhedziso

The Information Age yakaisa mutoro wechienzi pamumwe nomumwe wedu: kushanda savapepeti vedu timene, vacherekedzi veidi, uye vanzveri venhau. Kuwa kwavachengeti vemasuo vegamuchidzanwa — vapepeti vemasuo, vatori veraibhurari, vatori venhau vane unyanzvi — kunoreva kuti vanhu vanofanira zvino kuva nemhaka yemavara amashoko avanodya nokugoverana. Iri harisi basa iro vanhu vazhinjisa vakarovedzwa, asi ndiro rinogona kudzidzwa.

Kupfurikidza nokuziva unyanzvi hwakadai senzvero yapamavambo, kupfuudza, kunzwisisa fungidziro, kunzvera idi, uye kurava zvinobudisa nhau, vadzidzi navadzidzisi vanogona kushandisa mhoteredzo yamashoko nechivimbo. Uhwu unyanzvi hahusi hungori hwedzidzo bedzi; hunokosha nokuda kwokuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva pamusoro poutano, zvamatongerwe enyika, mari, uye kutora rutivi munzanga. Muzera umo mashoko asina kururama anogona kusekesa democratimende imene, kurava nhau hakusi chinhu choumbozha — hunodikanwa.

Muitiro muduku uri wose — kunzvera manyuko usati wagoverana, kutsvaka mishumo yakawanda usati wadavira musoro mukuru, uchipanikira donzo riri seri kwechikamu chenhau — unovaka mhoteredzo yamashoko yakasimba zvikuru. Vadzidzisi vanoisa unyanzvi ihwohwu panzvimbo yokutanga havasati vari bedzi vadzidzi; vari kudzivirira nheyo dzenzanga ine ruzivo.