Mavambo Nemhindumupindu Yevarindi Verudzi

Mavambo eUnited States National Guard akadzokera kumauto anodzorwa nehurumende dzokumwe ezana ramakore rechi 17. MuMassachusetts, masangano emauto okutanga akaumbwa muna 1636(a musi zvino anozivikanwa sokuberekwa kwegadziriro yeNational Guard. Ava vagari vemo vakarovedzwa nguva dzose asi vakabata mabasa asiri ehondo, vachipindura danidzo bedzi apo koroni yavo yakatarisana nedenho. Uyu muenzaniso wedziviriro yomunzvimbomo wakatakurwa neRevolution yeAmerica, umo masangano ehondo akarwa paLexington neConcord, uye gare gare gare akaumba nzvimbo yeContivery of George Washington Army munhindineral .

Pashure pokuzvimirira, Militia Acts ya 1792 yakarongeka nenzira yakarongwa mauto ehurumende uye yaida kuti murume mumwe nomumwe muchena anokwanisa ashande. Muzana ramakore rechi19, aya masimba ehurumende akashanduka kuva gadziriro dzezvipiri dzakarongeka zvikuru, dzinozivikanwa se “mauto anorongwa.” Dick Act ya1903 yakaratidzira nguva yokuchinja: yakaumba National Guard kupfurikidza nokuronga masangano ehurumende nemipimo yeHurumende yeGuta reHurumende, ichigovera mari uye ichida kurovedzwa kwenguva dzose. Iri ruwa ruviri rakava basa reGwariro reGuta raigona kugadzirirwa navatongi nokuda kwemigariro yemigariro yomumba kana kuti purezidhendi nokuda kwerwisano huru.

Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi20, vaNational Guard vakanga vachinja kubva pakuunganidzwa kwemapoka ezvokuzvidzivirira munzvimbo dzavo kuti vave nzvimbo yemauto eUnited States.

Hondo Yenyika I: Varindi Vari Kumadokero

Apo United States yakapinda muHondo Yenyika I muna 1917, National Guard yakakurumidza kuumbwa ndokuumbwa kuva mapoka. Yakakurumbira zvikurusa yakanga iri ye42 ye “Rainbow” Division .Nyaya boka raMagadhi akabatana anobva kunyika 26. Yakarwa muhondo huru kubatanidza Château-Thierry, Saint-Mihiel, uye Meuse-Argonne inogumbura. Mamwe mapoka aVarindi, akadai se 26th (Yakee) uye 29th (Blue), akaonawo kurwa kukuru. Varwi vanodokuva 380 000 vakapararira kuEurope, navanenge 100 000.

Hondo yakasimbisa kuda kwaVarwi asiwo kushaikwa kwezvokushandisa nerovedzo. Mapoka akawanda avarindi akasvika muFrance ane pfuti kubva kuSpain-American War uye aifanira kudzoserwazve neHondo yeNhevedzo. Pasinei zvapo neidzi denho, kuitwa kwavagari vemo kwakawana ruremekedzo kuvatungamiriri veMasangano anowirirana. National Guard yakabvumikisa kuti boka renguva imwe chete raigona kurwa pamwe chete nevenguva dzose muhondo yazvino uno yeindasitiri.

Pashure peArmistice, Varindi vakabviswa muhondo ndokudzorerwa kuudzori hwehurumende, kuzongovakwa bedzi pashoma napashoma mukati mama 1920 nama 1930. Zvidzidzo zveHondo yeNyika I zvakatungamirira kukubatana kuri nani neNyama yeNhero yeNhengo neChokwara (ingabhadhara mibayiro murwisano yenyika yose inotevera.

Hondo Yenyika II: Kumanikidzwa Kwacho Kwose

Hondo yeNyika II yakava nokuunganidzwa kukurusa kweNational Guard munhau. Muna 1940, nehondo yairwiwa muEurope, Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt akaisa udzori mumapoka ose aVarindi (hwuru danidzo rwokutanga yorugare munhau yeAmerica). Varwi vanopfuura 300 000 vakanyandurwa pamberi pePearl Harbor, uye pakasvika 1945, mapoka 18 aVarwi akanga arwa munyika yose.

Mienzaniso mikuru inobatanidza [[FLT: 0] .NUUMYTY , inoumbwa nezvikamu zvinobva Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, uye District yeColumbia. 29th yawira paOmaha Beach paD, June 6, 1944, uye yakarwa muNormandy neGermany. [[FLT:]] Getry Division [[FLT]G]Genetive [[[FLT:]]], “Thostries" kubva kuOklahoma neSouthwestern, yakabatira muSicily, Italy, uye kumaodzanyemba kweFrance, kusunungura musasa weDachaunion. [[FLT]]] [FFFFFF]] 322]

Pamusha, mapoka aVarindi akarinda mabhiriji, mafekitari, uye nzvimbo dzesimba; kubhururuka nendege dzinodzivirira nuclear vari kutenderera pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa; uye kurovedza mhepo. Mupiro wose weGuant waipfuura varwi 300 000 pabasa rokushingaira (inopfuura 20 muzana yesimba rehondo pakakwirira yehondo). Chinoitika chacho chakachinja Varindi kubva munzvimbo yakachengeterwa mauto okupedzisira kuva nzvimbo yokushandira yaizovimbwa nayo muhondo dzose dzakazotevera.

Hondo Yemashoko: Korea neVietnam

Korea: Kutukwa Nokuda Kwehondo Yakaganhurirwa

Apo North Korea yakavhozhokera South Korea muna 1950, National Guard yakadanwa zvakare. Mumwedzi mishoma, Varindi vanopfuura 138 000 vakadzorwa, uye mapoka matatu aVarindi (Ma 40th (California), 45th (Oklaoma), uye 28 (Pennsylvania) yakawana chikwata chaPrezidheni chamakurukota kuKorea. Mapoka aya akapinda mukurwa kukuru, kubatanidza Hondo yeHarfection Ridge nedziviriro yePuncia Perimeter. [[FLT:]]

Hondo yeKorea yakazivisa zvinetso zvegadziriro yapanguva dzose: mapoka aVarindi akawanda akanga ari pasi pemibato yehondo uye akanga asina midziyo yazvino uno. Vamwe varwi vakanga vachiri kutakura pfuti dzeHondo Yenyika II. Kuunganidza kwakatora nguva refu kupfuura zvaikarirwa, uye Army yakapanikira kudaidzwa kweGundari. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukuchinja kukuru mu Kubvisa kweDefect of Reorgantation Act ya 1958 ne [FLT] Magradenti ye [FT:2] Act of Guides of 1955, iyo yakabatanidza zvikuru zvinodikanwa uye mapoka akabatana zviri nani eRight Guidess amos yehondo.

Vietnam: Kupopotedzana uye Kuchinja

Hondo yeVietnam yakapa National Guard denho yayo inokamuranisa zvikurusa. Kusafanana nehondo dzakapfuura, Varindi havana kugadzirirwa zvizere nokuda kweVietnam. Panzvimbo pezvo, Department of Defense yakavimba namauto okurwisa uye anoshingaira, zvikurukuru vazvipiri vamwe navamwe kana kuti mapoka maduku nokuda kwemibato yakati. Boka rimwe bedzi revarwi (* goroga 49th contingdroads) rakabva Texas / yakagadzira chikwata chehondo, uye boka iroro pakupedzisira harina kutumirwa kundorwa.

Uku kushanda kwakaganhurirwa kwakatungamirira kupomero dzokuti Varindi vakava nzvimbo yapanzvimbo yavose vanodzivisa kunyora madhingi. Fundo ya1969 neCongregational Research Service yakawana kuti National Guard yakanga ine zvikurukuru vachena, kirasi yapakati, uye yakadzidziswa pakoreji (Dhimonics) dzakafarikanya kusvika kuri nyore kunzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mauto mukati menhambo yokutora dhipatimendi. Zvisinei, varwi vazhinji vakabatira muVietnam savatsivi vamwe navamwe, uye vamwe vaitsigira mabasa akafanana nokudzora kwenyongano nedziviriro yendege. Vietnam yakawana ngwavaira yenzi shopuko yavose yavose uye masangano anomanikidzirwa kuita simba kuti ive mumiririri uye ive nyore nyore.

Post-9/11 Era: Iraq neAfghanistan

Mumaawa mashomanana, mauto eVarindi akanga ava kuchengetedza nhandare dzendege, mabhiriji, uye zvivako zvenzvimbo dzinoyevedzwa nenyika. Chisarudzo chaPurezidhendi George W. Bush chokurwisa Afghanistan (2001) uye Iraq (2003) chakakonzera kuunganidzwa kweVarindi vakawanda uye vakarebesa kubvira paHondo Yenyika II.

Pakasvika 2005, Varindi vanopfuura 300 000 vakanga vaiswa kuMiddle East. 42nd Infantry Division [New York]) yakatungamirira nhamburiko yokudzivirira muIraq yokuchamhembe. Nhamba yeCavalry Division yeboka reVarwi vaibatanidza mapoka akawanda ehondo. Mapoka avarindi akapayonawo mabasa okuvaka zvikoro, mapurisa eIraq, uye mapepanhau. MuAfghanistantist, [[FLT:] g.Griglet Bric De Combat[FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [FFM:5] (VRmont]) akatambura zvikuru, mamwe mapoka ezvikamu zvinodzivirira pakati pemapoka aVarictina.

Urefu hwehondo hwunopfuura makore 20(*). Kudzorwa kwesimba reVarindi kwakava muitiro, nemauto akawanda aibatira shanyo nhatu kana kuti ina. Zvishandiso zvakasakara, uye kukanganwa kwakatambura. Army yakapindura ne Total Force Policy[, iyo yakaita kuti varindi vave nzvimbo yokushandira, kureva kuti mapoka avarindi aizoshandiswa kazhinji semapoka anoshingaira. Uku kukurumidza pashure pa 2015, apo Dare raigovera nguva dzose 30 muzana yesimba rehondo muIraq neAsburgh.

Panguva ino, Air National Guard yakabhururuka zviuru zvezvirongwa zvinotsigira mabasa mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, kubatanidza ndege, kuongorora, uye kukwidza ndege. Vatyairi vendege vakabhururuka F-15, A-10, uye Dzorone, kazhinji kazhinji kubva kunzvimbo dziri mberi. Air Guard yakagovera inenge 20 muzana yehwerengedzo yendege yeMuchadenga negoverano yakakwirira yetsigiro yayo yemhepo muMiddle East.

Mabasa Anoitwa Mumba uye Kuchengeteka Kwenyika

Kubvira muna 2001, basa iri rakawedzera zvinoshamisa.Varindi vanobvuma njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga (dzinopisa, mafashamo), kusagadzikana kwevagari vomunyika, uye njodzi dzoutano. Kukwanisa kwavo kukurumidza kubva kuhurumende kuenda kuudzori hwehurumende kunoita kuti vave nesimba rokusarudza ragavhuna.

Hurricane Katrina muna 2005 yakachinja. Varwi vanopfuura 50 000 vaibva kunyika dzose vakaendeswa kuGulf Coast, vachitsvaka nokununura, vachiparadzira zvinhu, uye vachigovera chengeteko. Mhinduro yacho yakashorwa nokuda kwokunonoka, asi yakakuchidzira kuchinja kweFrames yeFourgame uye kushandira pamwe kuri nani pakati paFEMA neRGURS. Muna 2017, mapoka avarindi vakabva kuTexas neFlorida vakapindura kuPriest Harvey neIrma nokununura kwemvura kwakawanda uye kudzorera magetsi.

COVOID-19 yakawana nzvimbo hurusa yedzimba munhau yaVarwi yakaisvonaka. Vaiva nenzvimbo dzokuedza, zvipatara zvine vashandi, vakaparadzira nhomba, uye mabhangi ezvokudya. Muna 2020, varindi vakagamuchirawo kusagadzikana kwevagari vomunyika pashure pokupondwa kwaGeorge Floyd, vachibatsira kuchengetwa kwemitemo yomunzvimbomo munyika dzinopfuura 30 uyewo muWashington, D.C., mukati mekurwisa kwechitanhatu Capitol.

Kupindura kwomoto muMadokero kwazova basa risingagumi. Makambani endege eVarindi anobhururuka achinyudza maherikoputa anonaya mvura uye anotakura maherikoputa anopisa. Muna 2024, California yakatumira varwi vanopfuura 1 500 kuti varwise mwoto wemoto waipisa anopfuura maeka ane miriyoni. Kushanda kwendege nevashandi kuviri kunoitirwa kurwisa asi kwakagadzirira kuderedza mari yakakwana: maherikoputa mamwe chetewo aigona kutsigira kupisa kwemoto muAfghanistan mumoto wesango pamusha.

Mabasa epamba aya anoratidza kukosha kwechienzi kwechiteshi cheRights. Kusiyana nechikamu chinoshanda, chinotofanira kushandira mhiri kwemakungwa, varindi vanogara muUnited States. Mitezo yacho inogara munzvimbo dzavanodzivirira.

Kupfuurira Kushanduka - shanduka Nemaonero Enguva Yemberi

Kubvira muna 2005, Department of Department yakatanga basa reNational Guard Bureau sechikamu chinoshanda pamwe chete, ichiripa nzvimbo muMakurukota emisangano yevarwi. Mukuru weNational Guaudirement Bureau zvino anopa zano Purezidhendi uye Munyori weMajeri panyaya dzenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Basa iri rakakwirira rinoratidza kukosha kweGunda reGunda reNational Guard sesimba, kwete kungogara pasi.

Nhamburiko dzazvino uno dzinonangidzira ngwariro padziviriro yeIndaneti, mabasa omuchadenga, uye hondo. Zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvinogamuchira Defense Cyber Microls Centers, umo nyanzvi dzekoreji dzinodzivirira gadziriro dzinoda kukuvara kwemichina yokunze. Ganda remouse National Guards rountrasvanya kushandisa F-15EX neF-35, zvinoshanda nesimba. Guja iri kudzivirira motokari itsva dzinodzivirira Firefectionhower uye zvinoputika zvarokutsigira zvirongwa zvamarudzi akawanda.

Kutarira mberi, Varindi sezvingabvira vachatarisana nedenho nhatu: inoshanda nguva inodzorwa nechinhu; zvinodzivirira varwi kuti vasatsva pashure pamakumi maviri amakore enzvimbo dzinopfuurira; kuvhura [[ ] . "Kurovedza kurwisana nokurovedza nokushanda kwemibato yepamusha inobvisa nguva nepfuma; uye [[FLT:] kudzora kudzora [[FLT:]] kutakura basa resita yetala romumirimo yemari inoshandira mari yakaderera. Chiratiso chomubatanidzwa weNational Reservity [FFF:] 204]

Mugumisiro: Nhaka Isingaperi Yemurwi

Kubva pamauto anodzorwa nehurumende a 1636 kusvikira kuvadziviriri vepakombiyuta muna 2025, National Guard yakabatira murwisano huru iri yose yeU.S. varwi vayo vakarwa mumigero yeFrance, masango ePacific, makomo eKorea, magadhendi omupunga eVietnam, magwenga eIraq, uye makomo eAfghanistan. Ivo vavewo vari vagamuchiri vokutanga kumhepo, zvirwere, uye mhirizhoshori pamusha. Iyi nhaka inoita kuti varindi vave sangano reAmerica rakasiyana nedzimwe nyika dzeAmerica − armatom iyo iri yenyika asi inodzivirira nyika; izvo zvinoshanda pedyo nemauto ehondo anoshanda munzanga iri yose.

Kubatanidzwa kweVarindi murwisano huru kunoratidzira nheyo huru yedziviriro yeAmerica: mauto anodzorwa zvakanaka ari madikanwa kuchengeteko yehurumende yakasununguka. Sezvo tyisidziro dzenyika dzinova dzakaoma zvikuru, kuchinjika kwaVarindi, zivo yomunzvimbomo, uye unyanzvi hwakafara hunorongwa kuchaita kuti irambe iri chinhu chinokosha chesimba rehondo reUnited States nokusimba renyika yokumusha. Nhau yeNational Guard haisati ichingova nhauwo zvayo yehondo inokundwa nechakavanzika chomugaro wavagari vemowo zvavo vanodisa kubatira apo nyika yavo nenzanga zvinovada zvikurusa.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda, shanyira [[FLT: 0] Peji yaVarwi vapamutemo yenhau, U.U. Army College, uye [[[FLT:]] DAD pamusoro pokurinda mamiriro ezvinhu azvino uno[.