Kunzwisisa Zvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Sarudzo huru mutoo uyo mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika anosarudza nawo vadaviri vavo nokuda kwesarudzo yavose. Nepo sarudzo yavose pakupedzisira inosarudza kuti ndiani anobata nzvimbo, zviremera zvinoita basa guru mukuumba zvisarudzo zvinowanika kuvavhoti muna November. Muitiro mukuru muUnited States unodzorwa zvikuru, nehurumende imwe neimwe (/nakazhinji kazhinji kazhinji boka rimwe nerimwe rezvamatongerwe enyika mukati mehurumende.) Chirongwa ichi chemitemo chinogona kupesvedzera zvikuru kutora rutivi, muvhoti, mushandiri wehurumende, uye muitiro wose wedemocracy.

Vapambi vanogona kurondwa kudzokera shure kumavambo kwezana ramakore rechi 20, apo vachinji vanofambira mberi vakatsvaka kuderedza simba ravatungamiriri vebato ndokupa vagariwo zvavo inzwi rakananga mukusarudza kukwikwidza. Zvisati zvadaro, vaida kubhapatidzwa vaisarudzwa zvakatanhamara pakokorodzano dzemapati kana kuti mifarwa inodzorwa nemadziro. Nhasi, nyika zhinjisa dzinoshandisa rudzi rwakati rwesarudzo huru, kunyange zvazvo dzichiri shomanene dzinobata mabhapati (kwaIowa neNevada). Kunzwisisa marudzi ezvivaringi namasangano akasiana - siana zviri munzvimbo dziri mukati kunokosha nokuda kwomuvhoti upi noupi anotsvaka kuita muuyo wokuziva.

Marudzi Okusarudza Kunokosha

Musiyano mukuru pakati pegadziriro huru ndeupi anobvumirwa kuvhota. Marudzi matatu anozivikanwa zvikurusa akazaruka, akavharwa, uye akavharwa kashoma:

  • Avo vatsigiri vanoikurudzira kutora rutivi rwakawanda uye vanoda kutora, nepo vatsoropodzi vachiibvumira kuva vavhoti vanobva paboka ripi neripi kuti vazopinda mubato. Sangano iri rinoshandiswa muhurumende dzakadai seMichigan, Wisconsin, uye Alabama. Vatsigiri vanoikurudzira kutora rutivi rwakawanda uye vanoda kutora rutivi zvine mwero, nepo vatsoropodzi vachiibvumira kuva vavhotera kubva ku “mubato unopesana kuti udzore mugumisiro mukuru.
  • Vavhoti vakavharwa: Vavhoti bedzi vakanyorwa nebato vakapiwa vangavhota mubato guru rebato iroro. Iyi tsika inozivikanwa navose mumitemo yakadai seNew York, Florida, uye Pennsylvania. Zvikamu zvinodzivirira sezvinochengeta perero yebato, asi zvinogona kubvisa vavhoti vanozvimirira vasina wirirano.
  • SAMI-PRIMAS: Mutsika ino yakavhengana, vavhoti vasina (vakazvimirira) vangasarudza kuti ibato ripi guru rokuvhota, asi mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa ingangovhota bedzi muboka ravo vamene guru. Mitezo yakadai seArizona, Massachusetts, uye North Carolina inoshandisa maprimendi.

Mukuwedzera, nhamba inokura yehurumende yakagamuchira pamusoro-paviri kana kuti pamusoro pezvikamu mitoo mikuru (dzimwe nguva inonzi “jungle primeries”). Pamusoro-paduku, vose vanoda kutora rutivi vanooneka paboka rimwe; mavhoti maviri anoenda mberi kurusatu, pasinei zvapo nechikamu. Iyi tsika inoshandiswa muCalifornia neWashington nokuda kwemahofisi mazhinjisa, uye muLouisiana nokuda kwemahofisi ose (painonzi “madhekie ). Mitezo miviri inoitirwa kuderedza mavhiyi okubatanidza nokukurudzira, asi inogonawo kutungamirira kuboka rimwe chetero.

State- Nomusi wePrimer: Mienzaniso mikuru

California

California inoshandisa gadziriro yokutanga-2 yemahofisi ehurumende nehurumende, yakagamuchirwa nechikarakadzo chehwumwe cha2010. Vada kubhapatidzwa vose vakarongwa pavhota rimwe, uye vavhoti vanogona kuvhotera vavhota vapi navapi pasinei zvapo nepatipati. Vanoda kuvhota, vasingarangariri vapapati ino, vapfuurire kuvhota. Iyi tsika yakabudisa mawirirano echisarudzo chavose pakati pemaDemocrat maviri, maRepublicans, kana kuti muvhenganiswa, uye yakarumbidzwa nokubatanidza mijaho yamarudzi akati emitemo yehurumende. Voter muCalifornia ndirongerwo muzuva rimwe chetero mukati pakuvamba nokuvhota uye paEcovotion Day, kuita kuti kuvererukidzwe.

Texas

Texas inoshandisa gadziriro yokutanga yakavharwa. Kuvhota mubato, muvhoti anofanira kunyoreswa nebato iroro. Zvisinei, Texas anobvumira vavhoti kuti vachinjire vavhoti panzvimbo inovhota paZuva guru reSarudzo (kupfurikidza nokukumbira vavhoti inopesana, iyo inochinja nyoreso zvinobudirira). Hurumende inewo zvinodikanwa zvechivhoti cheID zvinomanikidzira, izvo zvinogona kumutsa denho. Texas Primrimries inova chaizvoizvo Chipiri chokutanga muna March makore eSarudzoriotioti, uye mukupera kwaMay nokuda kwezvikamu zvisiri zvamabhiriti. Runoff inozivikanwa muTexas kana pasina muvhoti anogamuchira anopfuura 50%, kuwedzera mumwe mubatanidzwa kumuitiro.

New York

Gadziriro huru yakadzikwa yeNew York inoda kuti vavhoti vanyoreswe nebato pachine nguva mberi zvikuru. Nguva yokunyoresa inowanzova mazuva 20 kusvikira ku25 pamberi pechikamu chikuru, uye vavhoti havagoni kuchinja kusonganirana kwebato mukati mehwindo rakati. Ikoku kwatungamirira kare kukuderera nokutora rutivi kwakaganhurirwa kubva kuvavhoti vakazvimirira. New York inoitisawo zviremera zvikuru zvapurezidhendi wemahofisi makuru naasiri ehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji muna April nehurumende/nzvimbo inotangira zvinhu muna June kana kuti September. Mitengo yehurumende yezvirongwa zvemari yakarongwa yehurumende yapamhindi yehurumende yaderedzawo pesvedzero yeNew York padzimwe nguva purofesa.

Florida

Florida inowanzorondedzerwa senzvimbo huru yakavharwa, asi inobvumira musiano unocherekedzwa: vavhoti vasina kushata vangatora rutivi mubato guru kana boka iroro rikasarudza kuvabvumira (chiito chinovhura”. Muitiro, mapati makuru muFlorida kazhinji kazhinji haana kuzarura nzvimbo dzavo dzokutanga kunzvimbo dzinozvimirira, naizvozvo gadziriro inoita basa sechinhu chikuru chinovharwa nokuda kwavavhoti vazhinjisa. Purezidhendi weFlorida anowanzoitwa muna March, nepo zviremera zvehurumende zvinovapo muna August. Hurumende inoshandisa mugove unowana-vose nokuda kwenzvimbo dzapurezidhendi weRepublicantry, iyo yakaita kuti ive nzvimbo yehondo inodenha.

Illinois

Illinois anoshandisa bhadharo rakavharwa asi rinobvumira vavhoti vepati kusarudza chivhoti pazuva rokutanga, vachichiita nenzira inobudirira gadziriro isingavhuri kaviri. Voter vakanyoreswa nebato vangangovhota bedzi muboka guru. Illinois ine vhoti imwe cheteyo yezuva rakavhara, iyo yakasimudzira kunyoresa. Chivako chikuru chehurumende chinowanzoitwa muna March nokuda kwamanhangemutange echipotinari uye muna June nokuda kwehurumende nehofisi dzomunzvimbomo. Illinois anobvumidzawo kuvhota pakuvamba mazuva 40 pamberi pechikuru, kuchikuita imwe yemaruwa anosvikirika zvikurusa mumawindi okuvhotera.

Iowa

Iowa akakurumbira nokuda kwamasuo ayo apurezidhendi, kwete apakuvamba. Nepo gadziriro yecaucus yakasiana, inobatira donzo rimwe chetero: kusarudza nhume kukokorodzano dzorudzi. Caucuses inobatanidza misangano umo vavhoti vanokurukura vadaviri uye ipapo vvumba pachena. Maroja eIowa abvisa pesvedzero nemhaka yokuti anoramba karenda yapurezidhendi inodzoreka, asi ivo vakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuva nohuwandukuderera (maawa akaderera, kushaiwa kuvhota) uye nokuda kwokuva vanopfuura vavhotanwa zvikuru, voga vakura zvikuru. Iowawo anoita sarudzo dzehurumende namahofisi omunzvimbomo.

Hampshire Itsva

New Hampshire inoita chinhu chokutanga munyika, tsika yakadzivirirwa nomutemo wehurumende. Inoshandisa gadziriro yakavharwa kaviri: vavhoti vasina kuvhota vangavhota muchinhu chikuru chebato rimwe nerimwe, asi mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa yakaganhurirwa kune yavo vamene. New Hampshire musi wokutanga chiitiko chokuvhota chakananga, navavhoti vanoisa mabhora echivande panzvimbo dzokuvhota. Musi wazvo wapakuvamba, muvhoti mukuru, uye tsika dzezvokutengesa zvinokuita kuti ive bhii redai redation. Hurumende inobvumirawo kunyoreswa kwezuva rimwe chetero, ichiparira mwero yayo yokutora rutivi.

Georgia

Georgia inoita gadziriro yokutanga yakazaruka. Voters hadzinyoresi nebato, uye dzinogona kusarudza kuti ipedzisiro yebato rokuvhota pazuva rokutanga. Muna 2021, Georgia yakagadza chinjo dzesarudzo dzinokosha (SB 202) dzakaderedza mabhokisi, dzakawedzera zvinodikanwa zvitsva zveID nokuda kwokurega kuvhota, uye kupfupikisa nhambo yokubuda. Chivako chikuru cheGeorgia chinowanzoitwa muna May kana June. Ruffs chinodikanwa kana pasina muvhotera mukuru, uye mutemo wehurumende 2021 wakapfupikisa hwindo kubva mumavhiki mana kusvikira kumavhiki mana, kuchinja nhimberi.

Washington

Washington inoshandisa gadziriro huru yapamusoro-2, kufanana neCalifornia. Vachazvidzidzi vose vanooneka pabhora rimwe, uye vavhoti vaviri vapamusoro vaipinda mberi /_kusava nedivi. Chikuru cheWashington chakarongwa muna August nokuda kwehofisi nenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo, uye muna March nokuda kwamamijaho makuru apurezidhendi (hurumende inoshandisa gadziriro yakaparadzana yebato rapurezidhendi mukuru webato rimwe chete). Gadziriro yapamusoro-viri muWashington yave iri munzvimbo kubvira muna 2008 uye inorumbidzwa nokuderedza kuderera kwechikamu chenyika mune mamwe maruwa. Washington inewo mavhoti-mail akaisvonaka, namabhora anotumirwa nenzira yogaro kuvose vakanyoreswa.

Misi Inokosha Nezvikamu Zvikuru

Kunyange zvazvo misi ichisiyana nehurumende negore, muitiro mukuru unowanzopedzerwa sezvinotevera:

  • Registeration Deadlines: Nyika zhinjisa dzinoda vavhoti kuti vanyorese mazuva 15-30 pamberi pechikuru. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyika (Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota) dzinobvumira kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero. Nhamba inokura inogovera kunyoresa paIndaneti, uko kwakaratidzwa kuva kuwedzera.
  • Zuva reSarudzo: Primial Primpolers dzinonangidzirwa pa “Chipiri cheChipiri chekutanga” (Chipiri chokutanga muna March), asi karenda yacho inovambira panzvimbo dzapashure dzaFebruary yeIowa kusvikira kunzvimbo dzapashure muna June naJune. Hurumende nenzvimbo dzinogara dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzochengetwa muchirimo kana kuti zhizha.
  • [1] Kuvhota naAbree Voting: Nyika zhinji zvino dzinopa kusagovera kusingapindi kuvhota kana kuti pakuvamba muvhotera pamberi perima guru. Manyika akadai seFlorida neTexas anobvumira kuvhota kwokuvamba kwapamberi pemazuva 10 291 pamberi pechikuru. Vote-mamail yavose muOregon, Washington, Coloradorado, Utah, neHawaii.
  • `Ballot Access Deadlines'':[ Mapepa anofanira kusaina uye anosvitsa zvinodikanwa mwedzi pamberi pezvikuru. Voters dzinofanira kunzvera hofisi yesarudzo yenyika yavo nokuda kwemisi yakananga.

Kukosha Kunoita Varidzi Vemhosva

Mari haisati ichingovawo zvayo nhano younyanzvi mumuitiro wokusarudza; ine miuyo mikuru nokuda kwokudzora, kumirira, uye masimba ebato.

  • Kudzosa medzero yeNdengedzero: Tsinga dzinosarudza kuti vadaviri vapi vanooneka panhamba yaNovember. Chiteshi chakaderera chinogona kubudisa manyuna akanyanyisa angasamirira sarudza rakafara zvikuru, nepo munhu anenge akwira zvikuru anenge asarudza zvine mwero.
  • Voter Accement and Education: Trivers dzinoita ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau, kurukurirano dzevadaviri, uye kurongeka kwenzanga, zvose zvinogona kuwedzera kuziva zvamatongerwe enyika. Nokuda kwavavhoti vazhinji, kutanga isangano yavo yakananga nomuitiro wavavhoti.
  • Down-Ballot Impact: utsotsi hunoshandawo kudare rehurumende, dare reguta, boka rechikoro, uye madzinza okutonga. Iyi mikwikwidzano yenhabvu kazhinji kazhinji ine kuoneka kwakaderera, ichiita kusanangurwa kukuru mumaruwa anotora zvikwaniriso.
  • Party Platform naVamiririri: Mumaprimprime, nhume inotema mubato. Muitiro wesonganiro kugovera `proportgation v. muwin-all system contry. Candidate dis re respoint pass translate direct (muchiRepublication) kana kuti nhume dzisina kunyorwa (muRepublican Party).

Matambudziko Nemakakatanwa

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwazvo, sarudzo huru inotarisana nedenho huru dzinogona kusekesa chipikirwa chadzo choubati ushe hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

  • Kufara neKusamira: Kuvhakacha kunokosha zvikuru kunowanzova kwakaderera zvikuru kupfuura kuvhota, kazhinji kazhinji pasi pe 30%. Vavhoti vanotora rutivi vanowanzova vakuru, vachena, uye pfungwa dzakawanda kupfuura muvhiyi mukuru, uko kunogona kuparira miuyo yakanyanyisa. Chinoitika ichi chinozivikanwa se “purmia dergence."
  • Kuchinja kwemitemo mikuru, misiano inonyorwa, uye zvinodikanwa zvinoshaikwa kunoparira nyongano, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavavhoti vatsva kana kuti vasingawanzowaniki. Nzvero ya2020 Pew yakawana kuti vavhoti vazhinji havazivi rudzi rukuru rwehurumende yavo. Kushaikwa kwoujeko kunogona kutungamirira kukusaita zvikanganiso, zvakadai sokuvhota mubato guru.
  • Mari: Mari yeKampesa muPrimetics inogona kupa betsero yakajeka kuvazvinyumwira kana kuti avo vanotsigirwa namatare ezviito zvamatongerwe enyika. Kupamba kunowanzodzorwa zvishoma mumitemo kupfuura musarudzo. Ikoku kunosimudzira itiro hanya pamusoro pepesvedzero yavapi navapfumi nefariro chaidzo.
  • Girrmaning and Savet: Mumaruwa anokweverwa kudivi rimwe, chikuru ndicho kusarudzwa bedzi kwamakwikwi. Ikoku kunogona kukurudzira vakwikwidzi kugovera vatsigiri vebato panzvimbo pevoruzhinji, kubvisa tsvina. Zvinjo dzakadai semasangano echinjo azvimirira epedificice negadziriro huru yetsika (umt., pamusoro-2) vavariro yokutaura nezvayo, asi kutarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvamatongerwe enyika.
  • Kudzvinyirirwa kwechiVer ne Access: Nyika dzine mitemo yemavhoti yorumano, kuganhurirwa kwokuvhota kwapakuvamba, kana kuti mafafitera mapfupi okunyoresa zvinogona kushatisa vashomanene, mari yakaderera, uye vhoti duku. Somuenzaniso, mutemo weID waTexas wakadenhwa mudare. Nenzira yakafanana, anotaura kuti kusapa kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero kazhinji kazhinji kuona kuderera kwakaderera pakati pezviverengero zvenguva pfupi.
  • Predificile Presal Calendar Equarety: Karenda yazvino uno inopa pesvedzero yakakomba kunyika dzapakuvamba dzakadai seIowa neNew Hampshire, idzo zvikurukuru dziri chena uye dzakasiana-----wirirana norudzi. Nhamburiko dzokutenderera karenda kana kuti kutanga mapringiritari eruwa dzakakarakadzwa asi hadzina kupiwa pamwero yebato renyika.

Kuchinja Kwezvinhu Neramangwana Revapari Vemhosva

Mifungo inoverengeka yokuchinja yakawana kurongwa kwehurumende norudzi pamwero:

  • Ranked-Choice Voting (RCV): Anozivikanwawo sekuvhota kwapakarepo, RCV inobvumira vavhoti kuhwina vazhinji. Kana pasina muvhoti anohwina voruzhinji, muvhoti wakaderera zvikurusa unobviswa, uye vhoti dzinoparadzirwa. RCV inoshandiswa musarudzo huru nedzenguva dzose muMaine, Alaska, uye maguta anoverengeka. Inogona kuderedza kuvhotera kwapamhotera ndokuparira vawirwi vakanaka zvikuru.
  • Masangano ose: Masangano anosarudza zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neposi (Oregon, Washington, Colorado) akaona kubuda kwakawedzera, kubatanidza mumapringi. Kukudza vhoti paposi kungagona kuvandudza kutendeseka, kunyange zvazvo kuchisimudzira chengeteko neitiro hanya dzemitemo.
  • Zvinongoshanda Mabhanki evoter Exploring (AVR): United States dzakadai seCalifornia, Oregon, uye Vermont vanonyoresa nokuzvidira vagari vemo vakakodzera pavanoshanda namasangano ehurumende kutoti vasarudza. AVR yakaratidzwa kuwedzera mwero yokunyoresa uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyoresa kwokutanga.
  • Vatsigiri vanobudisa mifungo neNetpartisan System: vanoita nharo kuti kuzarura kana kuti starmics 2 zvinoparira vadaviri vane mwero zvikuru uye kuderedza giradhi. Vatsoropodzi vanotya kusekesa kuzivikanwa kwebato nechisarudzo chomuvhoti. Kukakavadzana kunopfuurira mumitezo yemitemo nezvirongwa zvezvirongwa.
  • Kururamisa Kenda yaPurezidhendi: Mapati eDemocratic and Republican akagadziridza panhambo nenhambo mitemo yokutusa mitemo iyo inoisa stajeti dzapashure kana kuti kuderedza kuiswa mumitoro yemberi. Bva, gadziriro yazvino inoramba iri nhau yokutsoropodza kunopfuurira nokuda kwokushaikwa kwayo yomufananidzo nerudungwe rwakanyongano.

mhedziso

Gadziriro huru yesarudzo ichinhu chehwaro asi chinowanzofuratirwa. Ndiko uko munda unomanikidzirwa, uko zvikamu zvebato zvinoumbwa, uye uko vavhoti vane kutaura kwavo kwokutanga kune revo kwaachatungamirira. Zvisinei, kuoma kwetsika nokusaenzana zvinogona kuderedza kutora rutivi nokushatisa miuyo. Vanotora nguva yokunzwisisa mitemo yavo yehurumende yehurumende, , rudzi rwokukurumidza, sarudza marusarudzo, zvakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuita kuti inzwi ravo rinzwiwe. Nokuda kwokunyuruka zvikuru, kunzvera zviwiro zvakadai se [[FLT: 0] National Confectal of State , [FLT1], [FFOct:], kana kuti chishandiso chakajeka chavose chinobatsira.