Table of Contents

Kunzwisisa Mvura Yechigumi Negumi Negumi: Kodzero Yako yeBumbiro Remitemo Yokurapa Kwakarurama

Chinjo ye14th Amendment inomira seimwe yewedzero dzinochinja zvikurusa nedzine muuyo kuBumbiro remitemo reUnited States. Yakasimbiswa pana July 9, 1868, mushure meHondo yavagari vemo, iyi gadziridzo zvikurukuru yakagadziridza ukama pakati pavagari vemo vamwe navamwe nehurumende yavo. Yakatanga dziviriro dzakakomba dzinopfuurira kupesvedzera mutemo weAmerica, kodzero dzavagari vemo, uye ruramisiro yenzanga makore anopfuura 150 pashure pokugamuchirwa kwayo. Kunzwisisa mugari wemo mumwe nomumwe, Kugadziridzwa kweIndaneti kunokosha zvikuru kuzivikanwa nekodzero dzako nedziviriro dzapamutemo dzinowanika kwauri pasi pomutemo wehurumende.

Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inonzvera Ivhu raMamishinari re 14 muudzame, ichinzvera mashoko ayo enhau, gadziriro huru, kukumbira kwakatanhamara, uye kushanda kunopfuurira munzanga yeAmerica yapanguva imwe cheteyo. Ungave uri mudzidzi, mudzidzisi, nyanzvi yapamutemo, kana kuti mugari wemo akavimbisana, iyi chinyorwa chichakubetsera kunzwisisa kuti iyi gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo ichadzivirira sei kodzero dzako dzinokosha kukurapwa kwakaenzana uye muitiro unodikanwa pasi pomutemo.

Nheyo Yenhau: Chikonzero Nei Amendeji Yechigumi Negumi Yakanga Iri Iri madikanwa

Kuti tinzwisise zvizere revo yeMitemo ye14, tinofanira kutanga kunzwisisa migariro yenhau yaidikanwa kuigadzira. Pashure pomugumo weHondo yavagari vemo muna 1865, United States yakatarisana nedenho huru yokuvakazve rudzi rwakakamukana uye kubatanidza mamiriyoni avanhu vaichimbova varanda munzanga yeAmerica savagari vemo vakasununguka.

Pesvetment yechi13, yakatenderwa muna 1865, yakanga yabvisa uranda muUnited States yose. Zvisinei, nyika dzakawanda dzokuMadokero dzakakurumidza kuita mitemo yaizivikanwa se "Traudzo Dzemite" iyo yakaganhurira zvakakomba kodzero nerusununguko zveAfrican America. Iyi mitemo yorusaruro yakaedza kuchengeta gadziriro yokudzvinyirira kwedzinza nokudzvinyirirwa kwemari yakanga yakafanana zvikuru nouranda muchinhu chiri chose asi zita. Mapepa eBlack America akaganhurirwa uko vaAmerica vaigona kugara, basa, kufamba, uye zvinhu vamene, zvinovanyima nenzira inobudirira betsero yakazara yougari ushe.

Nyika yacho yaida muitiro webumbiro remitemo kuti vanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States vave nekodzero dzose dzokuva vagari vemo, pasinei nedzinza ravo kana kuti mamiriro avo okumbova varanda.

Zvikamu Zvishanu Zve Amendeji Yechigumi Nezvishanu

Chikamu chokutanga pachakapiwa ngwariro hurusa uye chakaita kuti pave nezvinoitika zvinokosha zvikuru zvepamutemo, kunzwisisa zvikamu zvose zvishanu zvose zvishanu kunogovera mufananidzo wakakwana weiyi gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo.

Chikamu 1: Kuva Mugari Wemunyika, Ropafadzo Nemasangano, Kufambira Mberi, uye Kudzivirirwa Kwakaenzana

Chikamu 1 chine gadziridzo yegadziriro dzinokosha zvikurusa uye dzinodudzwa kazhinji kazhinji. Inovamba kupfurikidza nokutanga rondedzero yakajeka yougari hwemo: "Vanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States, uye vari pasi poudzori hwavo, vagari veUnited States neHurumende mavanogara. Chibvumirano ichi chevagari vemo chakadzivisa chisarudzo chakaipa chaDred Scott v. Sandford cha 1857, icho chakanga charangarira kuti vagari veAfrica havagoni kuva vagari veUnited States.

Chikamu chacho chinopfuurira nezvikamu zvitatu zvinodenha izvo zvinoumba mavambo edziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwekodzero dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe. Priviges kana kuti Immunites Claus inotaura kuti hakuna hurumende ichadzivirira ropafadzo kana kuti kudzivirira vagari veUnited States. Nepo ichi chitsama chakadudzirwa zvishoma nematare uye chinoita basa rakaganhurirwa mumutemo wazvino uno webumbiro remitemo, chaifanira pakuvamba kudzivirira kodzero dzinokosha dzougari hwerudzi padzosokororo yenyika.

Due shop Claus inorambidza kunyima munhu upi noupi woupenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo. Iyi gadziriro inoratidzira chinodikanwa chakafanira cheFind Findmerment, chinoshanda kuhurumende yehurumende, asi inotambanudzira iyi dziviriro kumabasa nehurumende. STATES Procession Claus yadudzirwa kubatanidza zvose zviri zviviri muitiro wezvikwaniriso, izvo zvinoda miitiro yakarurama hurumende isati yagona kutorera mumwe munhu fariro dzakadzivirirwa, uye muitiro wakafanira, uyo unodzivirira maruramiro makuru kudzodzo dzehurumende pasinei zvapo negadziriro dzinoshandiswa.

Nhlangano weClaus unozivisa kuti hakuna hurumende icharamba kumunhu upi noupi mukati mesimba rayo dziviriro yakaenzana yemitemo. Iyi ndima yazova mamwe amavambo anokosha zvikurusa erondedzero yebumbiro remitemo uye yakashandiswa kudenha mitemo nemirairo youdzvinyiriri munenge nharaunda iri yose youpenyu hweAmerica. Hurumende inoraira kuti ibatire nenzira yakafanana vanhu nomutoo wakafanana uye idzivise rusaruro rwakakomba kana kuti rwakaipa.

Zvikamu 2 - 5: Mufananidzo, Kusawirirana, Chikwereti, uye Kumanikidzwa

Chikamu 2 chinomirira muCongress uye chakagadzirirwa kukurudzira nyika kupa kodzero dzokuvhota kuvarume vose. Chinopa mukana wokuti kana hurumende ikaramba kodzero yokuvhota kumunhurume upi noupi ane makore anopfuura 21, kunze kwokutora rutivi mukupandukira kana kuti mamwe mhosva, kumiririra kwehurumende muCongress kuchader kuchaderedzwa zvakaenzana. Kunyange zvazvo chikamu ichi chisina kumboshandiswa, chaimiririra mashoko anokosha pamusoro pekodzero dzokuvhota mukati mePreferation.

Chikamu 3 chakakwaniriswa kuhofisi yehurumende kana kuti hurumende munhu upi noupi akanga aita mhiko yokutsigira Bumbiro remitemo uye ipapo akapinda mukupandukira kana kuti kupandukira United States. Iyi gadziriro yakaitirwa vaichimbova vakuru vakuru veConference uye yakarongedzerwa kuvadzivisa kudzokera pakarepo kunzvimbo dzehurumende. Hurumende inogona kubvisa urema uhu kupfurikidza nevhoti mbiri dzedzimba dzose dziri mbiri.

Chikamu 4 chakakurukura muuyo wemari weHondo Yavagari Vemo kupfurikidza nokusimbisa chikwereti chavose cheUnited States nepo chichizivisa kuva pasina zvikwereti zvipi nezvipi zvinoitika mukutsigirwa kweConfederacy.

Chikamu 5 chinopa simba rokuita kuti gadziriro dzePendement yechigumi nerechine chishandiswe kupfurikidza nomutemo wakakodzera.

Gadziriro Yakatarwa yaClaus: Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzako Dzokusarudza Zvakanaka Nerusununguko Rwapakuvamba

The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment serves two distinct but related functions in American constitutional law. Understanding both aspects of due process is essential for citizens who want to know how the Constitution protects them from arbitrary or unfair government action.

Kuratidza Kuti Zvaanoda Zvakakodzera: Kodzero Yokuita Zvakanaka

Gadziriro yakafanira inoda kuti hurumende itevere miitiro yakanaka isati yanyima munhu upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu. Miitiro yakananga inodikanwa inotsamira parudzi rwemubereko uri padanda nemigariro yenhau yacho. Zvishomanene, muitiro wehwaro unoda kuzivikanwa nechiito chehurumende, mukana wokunzwiwa, uye chisarudzo kupfurikidza nomugadziri wechisarudzo asina kutora rutivi.

Mukutonga kweutsotsi, dziviriro dzemuitiro dzinofanira dzakakura uye dzakasanogadzwa. Dzinobatanidza maruramiro okuziviswa nezvepomero, maruramiro ezano, maruramiro okunangana nezvapupu, maruramiro okupa ufakazi, kodzero yokutonga mumhaka dzakakomba, uye chinodikanwa chokuti mhaka ibvumirwe pasina panikiro ine mufungo. Iyi dziviriro inovimbisa kuti vanhu vanopomerwa mhaka vagamuchire kubatwa kwakarurama vasati varangwa.

Gadziriro yakafanira inoshandawo mumigariro yakawanda yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, hurumende isati yagona kugumisa betsero dzegarikano, kubvisa raisenzi yenyanzvi, kumisa mudzidzi pachikoro chavose, kana kuti kuita zvimwe zviito zvinotapura fariro dzakadzivirirwa, inofanira kazhinji kazhinji kugovera ziviso nechimiro chakati chokunzwa. Dare gurusa rakakudziridza muedzo wakadzikama wokuziva kuti muitiro upi unoshuviwa mumigariro yakati, kuyera fariro yomunhu oga inotapurwa, ngozi yokushaiwa kwakaipa, uye fariro yehurumende mukutarisira kwakaisvonaka.

Muitiro Wakafanira: Kudzivirirwa Kwamaruramiro Apakuvamba

Muitiro wakafanira wakakomba unotambanukira kupfuura kururama kwetsika kuti udzivirire maruramiro makuru akati padzongonyedzo dzehurumende, kunyange apo hurumende inotevera miitiro yakafanira.

Dare Gurusa rakazivisa maruramiro akasiana - siana makuru akadzivirirwa nomuitiro wakafanira wakakomba, kubatanidza maruramiro okuroora, maruramiro okuva navana, maruramiro okutungamirira dzidzo nokurerwa kwavana vomunhu, maruramiro kuperero yomuviri, uye maruramiro kuva woga. Apo chiito chehurumende chinoremedza maruramiro makuru, matare anoshandisa "nzvero huru," kuraira hurumende kuratidzira kuti chiito chayo chakagadzirirwa zvishoma kuwana fariro yehurumende inomanikidzira.

Muitiro wakafanira wakakomba wave uchimutsa nharo munhau yose yeAmerica, navatsoropodzi vachitaura kuti unobvumira vatongi kuisa mipimo yavo vamene panzvimbo pokududzira rugwaro rweBumbiro reMitemo. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti kuri madikanwa kudzivirira rusununguko runokosha urwo vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vaisagona kuva vasingagoni kududza zvakananga. Pasinei zvapo neiyi kurukurirano, muitiro wakafanira wakakomba unoramba uri manyuko anokosha edziviriro yebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwamaruramiro avanhu.

Kudzivirira Kwakaenzana kwaClaus: Kuvimbisa Kurapa Kwakaenzana Mumutemo

Kunzwisisa kuti matare anoongorora kudzivirira vamwe kunofanira kuitwa sei kuti vagari vemo vade kurwisa rusaruro uye kuti vabatwe zvakanaka mumutemo weAmerica.

Kuongorora Kunodzivirira Kwakaenzana

Matare haana kuongorora zvose zviri kuitika muhurumende achiongororwa zvakaenzana.

Sturtt inoshanda kumapoka akavakirwa padzinza, mavambo orudzi, kana kuti shambidziko, pamwe chete nezviito zvehurumende zvinoremedza kodzero dzinokosha. Pasi pokunzverwa kwakakomba, hurumende inofanira kubvumikisa kuti kurongeka kwayo kwakagadzirirwa zvishoma kuti iwane fariro inogombedzerwa nehurumende. Uyu mupimo wakaoma zvikuru kusangana nawo, uye mitemo mizhinjisa inosanonzverwa inoparadzwa seisiri youtatu. Dare Guru rakarondedzera nenzira inoyera se "yeresa murondedzero, asi inouraya chaizvoizvo"

Kunzvera kweIntermeterte kunoshanda kumativi akavakirwa pavatano kana kuti kuva murume kana mukadzi uye kumirano inotapura vana vasiri vapamutemo. Muiyi mirau, hurumende inofanira kuratidza kuti kurongwa kwayo kune chokuita zvikuru nefariro inokosha yehurumende. Uyu mupimo wakaoma zvikuru unoda hurumende kuratidzira kukwana kwapedyo pakati pemitoo yayo nemugumo, asi haimanikidzi zvikuru kupfuura kunzvera kworumano.

Tsvakaturo yehwaro hwehwaro [[[FLT: 1] iko kudziro inononotsa zvikurusa yenzvero uye inoshanda kudzimwe nhevedzano dzose, kubatanidza idzo dzakavakirwa pazera, urema, pfuma, kana kuti fariro dzemari. Muhwaro hune mufungo, mutemo uchatsigirwa kana uri une chokuita nefariro yepamutemo yehurumende. Matare anofunga kuti mitemo iri yapamutemo pasi pouyu mupimo, uye denho inotakura mutoro wokubvumikisa kuti mutemo unorevesa kana kuti hauna mufungo. Mitemo mizhinji inopukunyuka hwirudzuro ine mufungo.

Kushandisa Nheyo Dzokudzivirira Dzakaenzana Mundima Dzakasiana

Dare reFoold Protection Aumetic Claus rakashandiswa kudenha rusaruro munenge murutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica.Mudzidzo, yakanga iri hwaro hwechisarudzo cheBrown v. Board yeDzidzo muna 1954, iyo yakazivisa kuti paradzano yedzinza muzvikoro zvehurumende inoputsa Bumbiro reMitemo. Dare rakaziva kuti zvivako zvedzidzo zvakasiana hazvina kuenzana uye kuti kutsauranisa mirangariro kunoparira kunzwa kwokuzvidzwa uko kunokuvadza mwoyo nepfungwa zvavana vashomanene.

Mubasa, nheyo dzedziviriro dzakaenzana dzinodzivisa vashandirwi vehurumende kusasarura pahwaro hwedzinza, vatano, kana kuti mamwe mavara akadzivirirwa. Nepo vashandirwi vomunhu oga vachidzorwa zvikurukuru nemirau yehurumende yakadai seTitle VII yeChivil Rights Act panzvimbo peBumbiro reMitemo rakananga, vashandirwi vehurumende vanofanira kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvakaenzana zvokudzivirira. Ikoku kunoreva kuti hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo hadzigoni kuita zvisarudzo zvebasa zvakavakirwa pamipimo isingakwaniswi zvakakwana pasina ruramisiro yakakwana.

Mukodzero dzokuvhota, Auncial Protection Claus inoda kuti vhoti yomunhu mumwe nomumwe ipiwe ukoshi hwakaenzana. Nheyo ye "munhu mumwe, vhoti imwe" inovimbisa kuti maruwa emitemo anokweverwa nechiverengero chakaenzana zvikuru chavagari vemo, achidzivisa kuderedzwa kwesimba rokuvhota. Dziviriro yakaenzana inodzivisawo kudzorwa kwedzinza nemimwe miitiro yakagadzirirwa kuderedza pesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yavavhoti vashoma.

Mumutemo weroorano newemhuri, dziviriro yakaenzana yakashandiswa kuputsa mitemo inosarura yakavakirwa padzinza kana kuti vatano. Dare Rapamusorosoro rakadzikamisa mitemo inorambidza roorano yemadzinza muLoving v. Virginia muna 1967, uye nguva pfupi yapfuura zvikuru rakataura kuti vakwanyina voutere vamwe chetevo vane maruramiro emitemo okuroora muObergefell v. Hodges muna 2015. Zvisarudzo izvi zvinoziva kuti roorano ikodzero inokosha isingagoni kurambwa yakavakirwa pamipimo inotsamira patsika dzomunhu oga.

Chiratidzo Chenhau dzeDare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa Dzinotsanangura Mvura Yechigumi Negumi

Kuongorora nyaya huru kunobatsira kuratidza kuti mutauro wakafara weKugadzirisa wakashandisirwa sei kumamiriro ezvinhu akati uye kuti dziviriro dzawo dzakachinja sei nokufamba kwenguva.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Zvichida hapana chinoitika chinoratidzira zviri nani bviro yeKineth Amendment yeChinjo kupfuura Brown v. Board of Education. Muichi chisarudzo chakabatana, Dare Gurusa rakataura kuti dzinza rinosarura muzvikoro zvavose rinoputsa kuenzana kwe "Kubatana asi kwakaenzana" dzidziso yakatangwa muPlessy v. Ferguson muna 1896. Mutongi Mukuru Earl Warren akanyora kuti kuparadza vana muzvikoro nemhaka bedzi yedzinza ravo kunoparira kunzwa kwokuzviduku uko kungatapura mwoyo yavo nepfungwa munzira isingambofungidzivisiki. Brownalyz akabvisa maruramiro azvino unovamba avagari vemo uye akazivisa kuti Dare remitemo rinoraira kuva nomwero wapachokwadi, kwete kungova chete kuenzana.

Rudo v. Virginia (1967)

MuLoving v. Virginia, Dare Rapamusoro zvikurusa rakaputsa mitemo inorambidza roorano yamarudzi, richitaura kuti mitemo yakadaro inoputsa zvose zviri zviviri Expandment Clause neGuvitimendi Claus Claus. Dare rakaramba chibvumikiso chaVirginia chokuti mutemo waro wakanga uri pamutemo nemhaka yokuti waishanda zvakaenzana kumarudzi ose, richiziva kuti kushandiswa kwakafanana hakuponesi mutemo wakarongedzerwa kuchengeta ukuru hwevachena. Chisarudzo chakasimbiswa chokuti roorano ikodzero inokosha uye kuti nhevedzano yedzinza mumitemo yeroorano haigoni kukurira kuongororwa zvakasimba.

Reed v. Reed (1971)

Reed v. Reed yakaratidzira nguva yokutanga Dare Gurusa rakaparadza mutemo wakavakirwa parusaruro rwevatano pasi peMutengidziro Claus. Mhaka yacho yaibatanidza mutemo weIdaho uyo wakapa chisarudzo chinobva chose kuvanhurume kupfuura vakadzi mukugadza vatarisiri venzvimbo. Dare rairangarira kuti chisarudzo chamaune chakaputsa dziviriro yakaenzana, kuchisimbisa kuti ganhuriro dzakavakirwa pavatano dzinofanira kuva nevavariro yehurumende ine mufungo. Nepo Red akashandisa bedzi hwirudzuro ine mufungo, rakavakira nzira yokunzvera zvikuru rusaruro rwevatano muzvinoitika zvapashure.

Mubatanidzwa wekunyora mashoko echiNgezi unonzi “Association Office ” (kunonzi“ Mukai! ”)

MuRoe v. Wade, Dare rapamusoro rakati Gungano reGuiana rinodzivirira kodzero yomukadzi yokusarudza kubvisa pamuviri pamberi pohucheche. Dare rakaziva kuti kodzero iyi haisati iri yakakwana uye inofanira kudzikamiswa pafariro dzehurumende mukudzivirira utano hwaamai noupenyu hunogona kuvapo. Planned Parenthood v. Casey akasimbisazve kuva kwake nechinhu chikuru pakufunga kwaRoe, achisimbisa kuti haagoni kuisa mutoro unorema wakakomba pakodzero yomukadzi kusarudza kubvisa pamuviri pamberi pokubudirira. Zviitiso izvi zvinoratidza kuti kudzivirira kwapakwa pako kunokosha kunowirirana nekodzero dzomunhu oga neperero.

United States kana kuti Virginia (1996)

Iyi nhau yakabatanidza Virginia Military Institute's yechirume bedzi. Dare rapamusorosa rakataura kuti kubviswa kwavakadzi kwakaputsa Kudzivirira kwakaenzana kwaClaus, kushandisa nzvero yapakati kugumisa kuti Virginia akanga asina kuratidza pembedzo yenyengedzo inotevedzerwa nenzira inotevedzerwa yakavakirwa pavatano. Chisarudzo chakajekesa kuti kurongwa kwevatano kunoda ruramiso huru uye hakugoni kuvakirwa padziri dzinodzo dzakapararira pamusoro pematare akasiana, mano, kana kuti zvido zvavanhurume navanhukadzi.

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

MuObergefell v. Hodges, Dare Rapamusoro rakati Dare reMitemo reMitemo rechi 14 rinoda kuti pave nemitemo yokuroorana kwevakaroorana vane mitezo yakafanana yevatano uye kuti vazive roorano dzevatano dzakafanana dzinoitwa nenzira yapamutemo mune dzimwe nyika. Dare rakawana kuti kodzero yokuroora yapamutemo yakadzivirirwa navose vari vaviri Claus neExcial Programme Protection Classiale. Chisarudzo ichi chakaziva kuti varoorani vorudzi rumwe chetevo vane maruramiro akafanana nechiremera, dzikamo, uye kuziva kuti roorano inogovera savaroorani vanopesana.

Kubatanidzwa: Kushandisa Bhizimisi Ramaruramiro Kuhurumende Dzehurumende Dzehurumende

Imwe yetapuro dzeKineth Amendment yave iri hurusa kubatanidzwa kwegadziriro hurusa dzeBill of Rights kuti dzishandise mukurwisana nehurumende dzenyika. Pakuvamba, Bill of Rights yakaganhurira hurumende yehurumende bedzi, kwete hurumende kana kuti nzvimbo. Gwendement ye145 yakachinja ukama ihwohwu kupfurikidza nedzidziso yokubatanidza.

Dzidziso inobatanidza inoti Gwendero reChibvumirano chaNineth Remendment rinoita kuti zvizhinjisa zvedziviriro muBill of Rights zvishande kunyika. Dare Rapamusoro rakabatanidza kodzero panguva inosarudzwa, richinzvera kana kodzero imwe neimwe inokosha kugadziriro yedu yorusununguko rwakarairwa kana kuti yakadzika midzi zvikuru munhau yenyika yedu netsika. Kupfurikidza nouyu muitiro, Riviri rose rekodzero zvino rinoshanda kuhurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo.

Kodzero dzinobatanidzwa dzinosanganisira rusununguko rwokutaura, rwokubudisa nhau, rwechitendero, uye rwekuungana kubva muFirst Amendment; kodzero yokutakura zvombo kubva muSecond Amendment; kudzivirirwa pakutsvakwa kusina musoro uye kubatwa nepfari neFread Amendment; ropafadzo yokuzviparadzanisa uye yokudzivirirwa panjodzi mbiri kubva kuGarandment yeFindmer; kodzero dzokupa zano, kutonga kwedare rinotonga, kukwikwikwidzana kwezvapupu, uye kutongwa kwevanhu nevoruzhinji kubva kuSingthth Amendment; uye kudzivirirwa pakurangwa kwoutsinye uye kusingawanzoitwa neSend Rendement.

Gadziriro shomanene bedzi dzeBill of Rights hadzina kubatanidzwa, kubatanidza chirambidzo cheThird Amendment pavarwi vana, chinodikanwa chikuru cheGavhura dare cheFindromendi, kodzero yeSavente Amendment yokutonga mumhaka dzevagari vemo, uye kurambidza kweSeth Amendment pafashoni dzakanyanyisa. Dzidziso yokubatanidza yakawedzera zvinoshamisa dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwekodzero dzomunhu oga kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa kuti hurumende iyoyo nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinofanira kuremekedza rusununguko rumwe cheterwo runokosha sehurumende.

Zvishandiso Zvinoshanda: Kudzivirirwa Kwaunoitwa neMwedzi Yechigumi Negumi

Kunzwisisa gadziriro yeMitemo yeKinai yePendement inokosha, asi kuziva kuti inoshanda sei mumamiriro ezvinhu ezuva nezuva kunokosha zvakaenzana. Kudzivirira kwekudzivirira kunobata anenge mativi ose oupenyu hwomunzanga, kubva padzidzo nebasa kusvikira kururamisiro youtsotsi uye ukama hwemhuri.

Kodzero Dzedzidzo Nokuwana Zvakaenzana

Chikoro che14th Amendment chinovimbisa kuti zvikoro zvehurumende hazvigoni kusarura zvakavakirwa padzinza, mavambo orudzi, vatano, kana kuti mamwe mavara akadzivirirwa. Vadzidzi vane maruramiro okuwana mabanza edzidzo akaenzana pasinei zvapo nemamiriro avo ezvinhu. Ikoku kunobatanidza kusvika kwakaenzana kumapurogiramu edzidzo, mibato yepashure pechikoro, mikana yemitambo, uye zvipfuro zvedzidzo. Zvikoro zvinofanira kugovera vadzidzi vemutauro wechiNgezi betsero yakafanira, uye vadzidzi vane urema vane kodzero yokuwana pokugara namabasa akakodzera.

Miitiro yakananga inodikanwa inoshandawo mudzidzo. Vadzidzi vanotarisana nokudzingwa kana kuti kudzingwa muchikoro chehurumende vane maruramiro okucherekedza pomero dzavanopomerwa uye mukana wokunzwiwa chirango chisati chaiswa. Miitiro yakananga inodikanwa inotsamira paukombi hwechirango, nokudzinga kwarebesa nokudzingwa kunoda miitiro yakarongwa. Vadzidziwo vane maruramiro eFirst Amendment okutaura nokutaura kwakasununguka, kunyange zvazvo idzi maruramiro anogona kuganhurirwa apo vanodzongonyedza zvikuru mhoteredzo yedzidzo.

Basa Nemukana Wezvemari

Vashandirwi vehurumende vanofanira kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvedziviriro zvakaenzana, kureva kuti havagoni kusarura mukurovha, kusimudzirwa, muripo, kana kuti kubviswa kwakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, mavambo orudzi, kana kuti mamwe mavara akadzivirirwa pasina ruramiso yakakwana. Vashandi voruzhinji vanewo maruramiro akafanira egadziriro anovadzivirira pakubviswa kworumano. Nepo vashandi vanoshanda panzvimbo yacho vanoshanda kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanogona kudzingwa nokuda kwechikonzero chipi nechipi kana kuti pasina chikonzero, vashandi vane fariro dzezvinhu mumabasa avo, vakadai savadzidzisi vanotsigirwa navadzidzisi kana kuti vashandi vehurumende vane dziviriro dzemibatanidzwa yemibato, vane maruramiro okucherekedza nokunzwa pamberi pokubviswa.

Gadziriro yegumi negumi namana inodzivirirawo rusununguko rwezvemari, kunyange zvazvo matare kazhinji kazhinji achiteerera mitemo yehurumende muhwaro hune mufungo.Hurumende haigoni kudzivisa nenzira yokuzvidira vanhu kuronda mabasa apamutemo kana kuti kupinda mumibato yebhizimisi yapamutemo.

Ruramisiro Yeutsotsi Nokurapa Kwakarurama

Kudzivirira kwakafanira kweGavhura re14th Amendment kunokosha zvikuru mugadziriro yemitemo yeutsotsi. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza, vakwirirwi munhau dzehurumende vanofarikanya dziviriro imwe cheteyo yebumbiro remitemo sevapomerwi mudare rehurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza maruramiro ezano, maruramiro okuramba akanyarara, maruramiro okunangana nezvapupu, maruramiro edare redare redare, uye dziviriro mukusanzvera kusina mufungo netsaona.

Mitemo inodzivirira yakaenzana inorambidza rusaruro mukutonga kweutsotsi. Vatongi havagoni kubvisa vatongi vanobvira vakavakirwa padzinza, mapurisa haagoni kudenha vanhu nokuda kwokumira kana kuti kunzvera kwakavakirwa pakuratidzira rudzi, uye zvisarudzo zvokutonga hazvigoni kuvakirwa parusaruro rwedzinza. Nepo kubvumikisa donzo rouganda kuchigona kuva kwakaoma, Ecult Protection Clause inogovera chishandiso chinokosha nokuda kwourudzi hunodenha mugadziriro yeruramisiro youtsotsi.

Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanoiswa mutorongo vanochengeta maruramiro akati ebumbiro remitemo, kubatanidza dziviriro pachirango chine utsinye nechisiri chenguva dzose. Miganhu yetorongo inofanira kusvitsa mipimo miduku yetsika dzakanaka, uye vasungwa vakafanirwa nokutarisirwa kwakakwana kwezvokurapa, dziviriro pamasimba masimba, uye migariro yokurarama yomutsa.

Kugamuchira Kodzero Nekutora Rutivi Rwezvematongerwe Enyika

Kudzivirira kwakaenzana kunodzivirira kodzero huru yokuvhota uye kunovimbisa kuti vhoti yomunhu mumwe nomumwe ine uremu hwakaenzana. Nyika hadzigoni kuisa mhinganidzo dzinopesana kuvhota kana kuti kuderedza simba rokuvhota remapoka akati. Maruwa anodzorwa nemitemo anofanira kukweverwa navanhu vakaenzana zvikuru kuva nechokwadi chokuti vhoti imwe neimwe ine pesvedzero inodokuva yakafanana pamuuyo wesarudzo.

Nepo hurumende dzine chiremera chakafara chokudzora nguva, nzvimbo, uye mutoo wokuvhota, ganhuriro dzokuvhota dzisati dzichifanira kuisa mitoro isina kufanira pamaruramiro okuvhota. Dare rinonzvera kana mirau yokuvhota ine mufungo uye isingapi murairo, ichidzikamisa fariro dzehurumende mukutarisirwa kwapamutemo kwesarudzo mukurwisana nomutoro unoiswa pavhoti. Mitemo inorema zvakakomba kodzero yokuvhota inofanira kugadzirirwa zvishoma kuti ibatire fariro dzinogombedzerwa nehurumende.

Kodzero Dzemhuri Nokuzviitira Ushamwari

Kodzero yokuroora kana kuroorwa ikodzero huru ye14 yepamhuri, uye yokuzvitonga.

Vanhu vanokwanisa vanogona kusarudza kuti vorapwa sei pasina kupindira kwehurumende, voita zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuenzana.

Nharo Dzapamberi Nedenho Dzinopfuurira

Kunzwisisa idzi nharo dzinoramba dzichiitika kunobatsira vagari vemo kuti vabatane nenhau dzepamutemo nedzezvamatongerwe enyika dzazvino uno uye kuziva kuti kutsanangura kwebumbiro remitemo kunochinja sei nokufamba kwenguva.

Chiito Chinosimbisa Nechiito Chedzinza

Rimwe renhau dzedziviriro dzakaenzana zvikurusa rinobatanidza bvumidzo yezviito zvinorangarira rudzi sechisakiso mukubvumidzwa, kubhadharwa, kana kuti zvisarudzo zvokuwana. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti zvirongwa zvakadaro zviri madikanwa kupedza rusaruro rwomunguva yakapfuura ndokusimudzira mhatsa, nepo vatsoropodzi vachiomerera kuti kushandiswa kupi nokupi kwedzinza kunoputsa nheyo yokurapa kwakaenzana. Dare Rapamusoro rakataura kuti kubvumira mirangariro yedzinza kusingazivikanwi mudzidzo yakakwirira kunogona kupukunyuka kuongororwa kana zvakasanogadzirirwa kuwana fariro inogombedzerwa mumhatsa yeboka ravadzidzi, asi Dare racho rakasimbisawo kuti mapurogiramu akadaro anofanira kuva akaganhurirwa munguva uye haagoni kushandisa migove yedzinza.

MBIRIRO Dzekodzero Nerusaruro

Pashure pokuzivikanwa kwokuenzana kweroorano muObergefell v. Hodges, nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwavanhu vamwe navamwe. Mibvunzo inopfuurira pamusoro pokuti rusaruro rwakavakirwa pachimiro chevatano kana kuti kuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi runofanira kubvumwa zvikuru muNhungamiro yakaenzana yeClaus, uye nzira yokudzikamisa nayo rusununguko rworudzidziso nedziviriro mukurwisana norusaruro. Idzi nhau dzinomuka mumigariro yakadai senzvimbo dzokushandira nedzimba kuenda kudzimba dzavose uye mabasa okurera vamwe.

Kutamira Kune Imwe Nyika uye Kunzi Mugari Wemo

Chivitity of Demendment yechigumi namana yeChibvumirano cheChibvumirano chaMatongo, icho chinopa kuva mugari wemo kuvanhu vose vakaberekerwa muUnited States, yave iri nhau yekurukurirano yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi. Vamwe vakapanikira kana iyi gadziriro inofanira kushanda kuvana vanoberekwa navatami vasina kunyorwa, kunyange zvazvo rugwaro nenzwisiso yenhau yemashoko zvinotsigira zvakasimba kuva mugari wemo wedangwe. Kuchinja kwacho kunodawo kuti hurumende igove dziviriro yakaenzana kuvanhu vose vari muhurumende yavo, kwete vagari vemo, kureva kuti vatami vasina kuchengetwa nekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo kunyange zvazvo vangadzorwa kutapwa.

Ruzivo, Kuva Woga, uye Kugara Uine Zvakawanda

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runowedzera, mibvunzo mitsva pamusoro pokuti kudzivirira kwakafanira kweGavhura re14 kwekudzivirira kunoshanda sei kuzvinhu zvepamhene zvemakombiyuta, kuongororwa kwehurumende, uye kuunganidzwa kwemashoko. Matare anofanira kusarudza kana vanhu vachitarisira kuti zvinhu zvive zvavo voga here mukurukurirano dzavo dzemichina, mashoko enzvimbo, uye mabasa epaIndaneti.

Kusaenzana Kwemari Nekodzero Dzenzanga

Zvisinei, Dare Repamusorosoro rave richizengurira kubvuma kodzero dzehurumende kana kuti mabasa, panzvimbo pokunyanya kudzivirira rusaruro rwehurumende uye rusununguko rwakaipa.

Nzira Yokusimbisa Nayo Kodzero Dzako Dzegumi Negumi Negumi

Kana uchifunga kuti kodzero dzako dze14na Demendment dzakaputswa, pane nzira dzakawanda dzokutsvaka nadzo kugadziriswa kwekodzero dzako.

Mishonga Yokutarisira Nekunyunyuta

Mamiriro ezvinhu akawanda anobatanidza kuputsa kwebumbiro remitemo kunogona kukurukurwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yokudzora usati watendeukira kurusarura mudzidzo. Kana ukawana rusaruro mudzidzo, unogona kuisa chinyunyuto kuruwa rwako rwechikoro kana kuti neBato reDzidzo reUnited States nokuda kwekodzero dzechivori. Zvirevo zvekusarura mabasa zvinogona kuiswa neCompale Option Option Commission kana kuti masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo. Iyi miitiro yokutarisira inogona pane dzimwe nguva kupedza nharo nokukurumidza uye zvisingadhuriki kupfuura kutongwa kwedare.

Chikamu cha 1983 Mitemo

Mutoo mukuru wokusimbisa kodzero dze 14th Amendment mukurwisana nehurumende nevakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo idare pasi peChikamu 42 cheU.S.C. 1983, mutemo wekodzero dzevagari vemo wehurumende wakagadzwa kuti utsigire Iweneth Amendment. Chikamu 1983 chinobvumira vanhu kukwikwidza vatambi vehurumende avo vanoputsa kodzero dzavo dzebumbiro remitemo uye kutsvaka kuvadziko, kuyamura kunoparira kurasikirwa nehurumende. Kukurira mukutaura kweChikamu cha1998, unofanira kuratidza kuti mupomerwi akaita muruvara rwomutemo wehurumende uye kukutorera kodzero yemitemo.

Chikamu cha 1983 matare emhosva anogona kuva akaoma, uye dziviriro dzakasiana - siana dzingawanika kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza kudzivirirwa kwavakakwaniriswa, uko kunodzivirira vakuru vakuru pamhosva kutoti vakaputsa maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo nenzira yakajeka. Nemhaka yeidzi vhiringidziko, kubvunza gweta rakawanwa mumaruramiro avagari vemo kunokarakadzwa kana uri kurangarira kutaura kweChikamu 1983.

Kutsvaka Betsero Yapamutemo

Kana usingagoni kubhadhara gweta, zviwanikwa zvinoverengeka zvingava zviripo. Masangano eyamuro epamutemo anogovera mabasa epamutemo apachena kuvanhu vanowana vanhu munhau dzakaderera muvagari vemo, kubatanidza dzimwe nhau dzekodzero dzavagari vemo. Masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo akadai seAmerican Civil Liberaties Union, NAACP Legin Defense Fund, uye mamwe mapoka okusabhadharwa kwakasiyana - siyana angagovera unzi kana kuti betsero munhau dzinokosha dzebumbiro remitemo. Zvikoro zvemitemo pane dzimwe nguva zvinobatawo mhaka dzekodzero dzavagari vemo serutivi rwebasa ravo redzidzo.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pamaruramiro avagari vemo nedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo, unogona kushanyira U.S. Department of Justice Rights Division kana kuti kubvunza zviwanikwa zvakabva kumasangano akadai se American Civil Liberties Union[].

Murangariro Wokuenzanisa WeMitemo Yegumi Nemana

Nepo Kuchinja kwe14 kweMitemo yeMitemo yeUnited States kuchikosha, dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzakagamuchira dziviriro dzakafanana dzebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwokuenzana nomuitiro wakafanira.

Mabumbiro emitemo azvino uno akawanda anobatanidza gadziriro dzakajeka dzekuenzana idzo dzine udzame zvikuru kupfuura Wedzero yeMitemo ye 144 yeUnifitement Protection Claus. Somuenzaniso, Bumbiro reMitemo reSouth Africa rine gadziriro huru yokuenzana iyo inorambidza zvakananga rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, mimba, mugariro weroorano, dzinza kana kuti nzanga, mavambo evatano, zera, urema, rudzidziso, zvitendero, tsika, mutauro, uye kuberekwa. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms inovimbisa nenzira yakafanana kodzero dzokuenzana uye inorambidza zvakananga rusaruro rwakavakirwa pazvikonzero zvinodudzwa.

Humwe hurongwa hunobatanidzawo kubvuma kodzero dzenzanga nedzemari dzinopfuura rusununguko rwakaipa runodzivirirwa neBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. dzingabatanidza kodzero dzokugara, dzokutarisira utano, dzedzidzo, kana kuti dzenzanga. Nepo IPramende ye145 isina kutsanangurwa kuvimbisa kodzero dzakanaka dzakadaro, kuongorora mamwe masangano emitemo kunomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pedziviriro yebumbiro remitemo uye basa rehurumende mukutarisira zvinodiwa nemunhu zvinokosha.

Mutemo wekodzero dzevanhu wenyika yose unogoverawo dziviriro dzinokosha nokuda kwokuenzana uye muitiro wakafanira.

Kudzidzisa Nokudzidza Pamusoro Pe Amendedzero Yegumi Negumi

DZIDZo yeKivi yeKivi yeMitemo ye14 inokosha kuti nzanga ichengete kuenzana nokubatwa zvakanaka.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, National Archives inogovera manyuko makuru namanyuko edzidzo pamusoro peKineitermendment negadziriro dzamabumbiro emitemo. Library of Congress, National Constitution Center, uye masangano edzidzo akasiana----- siyana anopa gadziriro dzefundo, zvokushandisa zvokudzidzisa, uye zviwanikwa zvinobetsera kubetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo.

Kurava mifungo yeDare Rapamusoro zvikurusa ndeimwe yenzira dzinokosha zvikurusa yokunzwisisa nayo kuti Ivhu reMitemo rechigumi namana rakadudzirwa ndokushandiswa sei. Nepo mifungo yedare ichigona kuva yakaoma uye ine unyanzvi, inogovera nzwisiso mukurangarira kwebumbiro remitemo nemhindu yedzidziso yapamutemo. Kutanga nenhau dzenji dzakafanana seBrown v. Dare reDzidzo uye kushanda kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvazvino uno zvikuru kunogona kubetsera kuronda kutangwa kwedziviriro yakaenzana nenheyo dzakakodzera munguva inopfuura.

Kubatanidzwa muzviitiko zviripo uye nharo dzepanguva iyoyo pamusoro penhau dzebumbiro remitemo kunobatsira kubatanidza mitemo isingagoni kunzwisiswa nenyaya dzepasi pano.

Nguva Yemberi yeMitemo Yegumi Nemana

Sezvo chaunga cheAmerica chinopfuurira kuchinja, Mutezo weMitemo weChigumi Negumi Negumi Pasina panikiro uchatarisana nedenho itsva nezvishandiso.

Ungwaru hwokugadzira uye kuita maatomu kuti zviite chisarudzo zvinomutsa mibvunzo inodzivirira yakaenzana. Kana masangano ehurumende akashandisa maatomu kuti aite zvisarudzo pamusoro pokupa mhosva mhosva, kubetsera kuva nekodzero, kana kuti kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa, tinova nechokwadi sei kuti masangano aya haatsigiri kana kuti haakusimudziri mirangariro iripo? Miitiroi yakafanira inofanira kushanda apo miitiro inodzorwa nemotokari inoita zvisarudzo zvinotapura maruramiro avanhu vamwe navamwe? Iyi mibvunzo ichada kusanofunga pamusoro pokuti nheyo dzegamuchidzanwa dzemitemo inoshanda sei kuruzivo rutsva rwezvinhu.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze uye kururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza zvinopa mumwe mubatanidzwa wekushanda kweMwedzi Yegumi Nemina. Sezvo kukuvadza mhoteredzo kunokanganisa zvikuru nzanga dzinowana mari shoma uye nzanga dzine ruvara, mibvunzo inomuka pamusoro pokuti mitemo yokudzivirira yakaenzana inoda here kuti hurumende igadzirise kusaruramisira kwemhoteredzo. Kunyange zvazvo matare aiwanzozengurira kuziva kodzero dzemhoteredzo pasi peMitemo yeMitemo, vatsinhiro vanoramba vachipikisa kuti Kuchinjwa kweNjongo ye14 kunofanira kudzivirira kukuvara kwemhosva yezvakatipoteredza.

Kurwisa kupfuurira kweruramisiro yedzinza kuchapfuurira kukumbira chipikirwa che 144th Amendment chedziviriro yakaenzana. Pasinei zvapo namakore anopfuura 150 chifo chokuparadza, kusaenzana kwedzinza kunoenderera mberi mudzidzo, basa, dzimba, kutarisirwa kwoutano, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi. Kupedza aya kusaenzana kwegadziriro yetsika kuchada kuzvipira kwakasimba kunheyo huru yenheyo yokuti vanhu vose vakafanirwa nokubatwa kwakaenzana pasi pomutemo.

Ndaza Inopa Mutengo WeMitemo Yegumi Nemana

Kubetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa kudzivirirwa kwakazara kweMitemo yeKinayi, heino rondedzero yakakwana yekodzero uye kudzivirira iyi gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo:

Kodzero Dzokugara Munzvimbo Dzacho

  • chizvarwa chakakwana chokuberekwa nokuda kwavanhu vose vanoberekwa muUnited States
  • Chizerishi kupfurikidza nokuberekwa nechimiro chakaenzana navagari vemo vakaberekerwamo
  • kuva mugari wemo weruwa kwakavakirwa padzimba
  • [ Kudzivirirwa kweropafadzo nedziviriro kwougari hwemo

Kudzivirira Kunofanira Kuitwa

  • Thosa rechiito chehurumende rinotapura upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu
  • Urango hunofanira kunzwiwa [ usati warasikirwa nefariro dzakadzivirirwa
  • [ Mugadziri wechisarudzo chenguva dzose muzvinoitika
  • [ Kupa zano rakarurama mukuita utsotsi uye dzimwe nhau dzehurumende
  • [ Kudzivirira pakusawirirana umene[ mumhaka dzoutsotsi
  • kutarisana nezvapupu [ mumatare okurovera mhaka
  • Kurudyi rwokutongwa nedare rinobetsera vatongi mumhaka dzoutsotsi dzakakomba
  • Chiratidzo chisingapanikirwi chine mufungo muzvitendero zvoutsotsi
  • [ Kudzivirirwa kwamaruramiro makuru kubatanidza roorano, mhuri, uye kuvandika
  • [ Kutendeseka mumuviri uye kuzvimirira kwezvokurapa muzvisarudzo zvoutano zvomunhu oga

Kudzivirirwa Kwakaenzana Kunovimbisa

  • Kudzivirira rusaruro rwedzinza[ muzviito zvose zvehurumende
  • Kudzivirira rusaruro rwevatano pasina ruramiso chaiyoiyo
  • Kuwana dzidzo yavose [ pasinei zvapo nedzinza kana kuti mavambo orudzi
  • [ Kodzero dzokuvhota nedziviriro pakuneteswa kwevhoti
  • Kubatwa kworusarura utsotsi pasina rusaruro
  • [[[FOL:0] shoo yetsika pasinei zvapo nedzinza kana kuti vatano
  • Banza rebasa mumabasa ehurumende
  • [ Kudzivirira rusaruro runodzvinyirira[ mumapurogiramu ose ehurumende
  • Kusvika kwenzvimbo dzavose namabasa pasina rusaruro
  • [ Kudzivirira kwavana pasinei zvapo nokuva pamutemo kwokuberekwa

Kubatanidzwa Kwechibvumirano Chekodzero Dzevanhu

  • [ Rusununguko rwokutaura, kutsikirira, rudzidziso, uye gungano mukurwisana nehurumende
  • Kutakura zvombo [ zvakadzivirirwa paganhuriro dzehurumende
  • [ Kudzivirirwa pakunzvera kusina mufungo nehosha yetsvindi [[[FTL:1] navakuru vakuru vehurumende
  • murairo weExclorion kuisa paipi ufakazi hunowanwa nenzira isiri yapamutemo
  • [ Kudzivirira panjodzi dzakapetwa kaviri mumatare ehurumende
  • Kutongwa kwokukurumidza nokwevoruzhinji mumhaka dzoutsotsi hwehurumende
  • [ kumuitiro unomanikidzirwa nokuda kwokuwana zvapupu
  • [ Kudzivirirwa pachirango choutsinye nechisiri chenguva dzose nehurumende
  • [ Kudzivirira pabheyi yakanyanyisa muzvinoitika zvehurumende

Dzimwe Dziviriro

  • [ Kudzivirira kwavadzidzi vanotarisana nechirango chechikoro kupfurikidza nechiziviso nokunzwa
  • Maruramiro evashandi vehurumende [ kugumisa kwokusarangarira
  • Kudzivirira vagamuchiri vegarikano pamberi pokubetserwa kupera
  • [ Tsika dzevabereki mukodzero yokuchengeta mwana uye zvisarudzo zvokurera mwana
  • [ Kudzivirira vasungwa [ mumigariro youtsinye
  • Tsika dzavanhu vane urema dzinorwisana norusaruro rusina mufungo
  • Kudzivirira vatami pasinei zvapo nomugariro wapamutemo
  • Accounting kumatare[ nokuda kwokureverera maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo

Conclusion: TheChipikirwa Chipenyu cheNyimbo Yokudzivirira Nechinotapurwa

Fimendemendi ye144 inomirira chimwe chezviitwa zvinokosha zvikurusa munhau yemitemo yeAmerica. Chinoberekwa murwisano yokugumisa uranda ndokutanga kuva nokuenzana kwechokwadi, chakava gadziriro yakakwana yokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu nokuvimbisa kubatwa zvakanaka pasi pomutemo. Kubva kuzvikoro zvinodzivirira kodzero dzokuvhotera, kubva pakuvimbisa muitiro wakafanira mukuita utsotsi kuti uzivise kuva nohumwe muchato, Kuchinja kwe145 kwave kunobetsera mukuwedzera rusununguko neruramisiro nokuda kwevagari vose veAmerica.

Bva chipikirwa chegadziridzo chinoramba chiri mukuzadzikwa chose chose. Kusaenzana mudzidzo, basa, pokugara, tarisiro youtano, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi kunoratidzira kuti nharidzano yedziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo haina kusvikwa zvizere. Kupfuurira pamusoro poukoshi hwedziviriro dzakafanira, mwero wakakodzera wokunzverwa nokuda kwamarudzi akasiyana- siyana orusaruro, uye dzikamo pakati pamaruramiro avanhu nefariro dzehurumende inoratidza kuti kududzirwa kwemitemo kunopfuurira kuva kwakabva.

Kana uri mudzidzi anoshandisa kodzero dzako dzedzidzo dzakafanana, mushandi anodenha kusarura basa, mukwirirwi anoda nzira dzokururamisira mumatare, kana kuti munhu anenge achingoda kubatwa nechiremera noruremekedzo nevakuru vakuru vehurumende, IPramende Yechinai inodzivirira zvikuru.

Mutauro wakafara weIndaneti (kupa muganhu mubato wakaenzana nedziviriro yakaenzana kuvanhu vose) kunoratidza kuzivikanwa kwavagadziri vemitemo kuti havagoni kukarira mugariro uri wose umo nheyo idzodzi dzingada kushandiswa. Uku kuchinja kwakabvumira Pendementings ye145 kuti irambe yakabatana munhambo dzenhau dzakati kwakasiyana zvikuru nemamiriro ezvinhu enzanga. Sezvo denho itsva dzinooneka nenzwisiso yenzanga yewirirano nerusaruramo, kugadziridzwa kuchapfuurira kushanda sehwaro hwokudzivirira maruramiro makuru.

Pakupedzisira, kubudirira kweKinaith Amendment kunotsamira kwete bedzi pakududzira kwedare asi pakuzvipira kwevagari vemo kunheyo dzaro. Kodzero dzeBumbiro reMitemo hadzisi dzokuzviparadza; dzinoda dziviriro yokungwarira nekutaura kwokushingaira. Nokunzwisisa kodzero dzako pasi peKirenati Endment, kuramba uchiziva pamusoro penhau dzebumbiro remitemo, uye kupinda muupenyu hwehurumende, unogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti chipikirwa chedziviriro yakaenzana uye muitiro wakafanira uchava chinhu chaicho nokuda kwavanhu vose.

Rwendo rwokuva nemitemo yakaenzana uye kubatwa zvakanaka ruri kupfuurira. Iwenath Amendment inogovera zvishandiso zvebumbiro remitemo zvinodikanwa nokuda kwerwendo irworwo, asi kuziva chiono charwo kunoda nhamburiko dzinopfuurira kuchizvarwa chimwe nechimwe.Savanhu vehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nehurumende, tose tinogoverana mutoro wokudzivirira nheyo idzi dzinokosha uye kushanda kuti tivake nzanga umo munhu ari wose anogamuchira zvirokwazvo dziviriro yakaenzana mumutemo uye muitiro wakafanira muhurumende. Iweweweweweweweth Amendement hausi hawo chinyorwa chenhau kana kuti dzidziso yepamutemo yapamutemo inopfuurira kuumba mutemo nenzanga yeAmerica, inodzivirira kodzero dzako nokurayira ruramisiro nokuda kwezvose.