Kuparadzana Kwemasimba

United States Constitution inosimbisa hurumende yamapazu matatu akasiyana - siyana(_FLT:legislative, mutariri, uye dare.) iyoyi inogadzira yaiziva kuti kuparadzanisa chete masimba kwakanga kusina kukwana. Vakavaka gadziriro ye mipimo nedzikamo [ inobvumira bazu rimwe nerimwe kuganhurira masimba avamwe. Iyi purogiramu inodzivisa rimwe nerimwe kuti risadzore nokudzivirira rusununguko rwomugari wemo ari wose. Somugari wemo, anonzwisisa kuti izvi zvishandisire sei kuti ugove une mutoro wehurumende yako uye apo gadziriro inozivikanwa.

Iyi nhungamiro inofamba mumasimba makuru ebazu rimwe nerimwe uye nzvero dzakati dzarinobata pane mamwe, dzakakwana nemienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika nenongedzero kunzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yanhasi. Pamugumo, uchava nezivo inoshanda yeimwe yenheyo dzinokosha zvikurusa dzebumbiro remitemo dzati dzamboitwa.

Bhuku Romutemo: Dare Rinoita Mitemo

Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo chinopa simba rose romutemo muUnited States Congress, iro rakaumbwa neDare neImba yaVamiririri. Basa guru reDare ndiro mutemo wokuita : kunyora, kukwikwidza, uye kupfuudza zvikwereti zvinodzora chinhu chiri chose kubva kumaruramiro avagari vemo kusvikira kudziviriro yorudzi. Asi kunzvera kwawo pamamwe mapazu kunokosha zvakaenzana.

Kuongorora Murairo Pabazu Rine Chinzvimbo Chikuru

Pakaungana dare rine zvinhu zvakawanda zvine simba zvokutarisira uye kumanikidza Purezidhendi nemasangano ebazi anotungamirira.

Veto Asingadi

Purezidhendi anogona kupfuudza mutongo unopfuudzwa neCongress, achidzorera nokuramba. Asi Congress inogona kudzora izvozvo nevhoti mbiri-tatu mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Iyi ichereso yakananga pasimba revakuru vakuru. Somuenzaniso, muna 2020 Congress yakavhota kukunda Purezidhenti Trump’s’s device Ilect.

Mazano Nekubvuma Kugadzwa

Purezidhendi anoisa mitezo yeKhabhineti, vatongi vehurumende, nhume, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vazhinji vanoisa nzvimbo dzakakwirira. Asi kunyora ikoko kunoda kusimbiswa nevoruzhinji mudare. Iyi nzvero inodzivisa Purezidhendi kuzadza nzvimbo dzinokosha pasina kubatanidzwa. Muitiro wacho unowanzova wokukakavadzana, sezvinoonwa mukati mehondo dzesimbiso paDare Gurusa

Treaty Retation

Zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvinotaurirwa naPurezidhendi zvinogona bedzi kuva kushanda kana zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveDare zvichitendera. Uku kunzvera kunovimbisa kuti misengwa mikuru yezvokumwe inoratidzira bvumirano huru. Somuenzaniso, kuramba kweDare kusimbisa Treaty yeVersailles pashure peHondo yeNyika I kwakanga kuri muenzaniso unoshamisa wokunzvera zvinangwa zvemiitiro yomukuru mukuru wokumwe.

Kushandisa Simba Rinoenderana Nezvatinoda

Imba yavamiriri ine simba rimwe chete rokupisha Purezidhendi, Purezidhendi weSanihedrini, kana kuti vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwe “kurangarira, chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe matsotsi makuru uye mamwe matsotsi." Dare ipapo rinotonga kana kuti rinofanira kubvisa mukuru mukuru pahofisi. Iyi nzira yakashandiswa mukurwisana napurezidhendi vatatu bedzi (Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, naDonald Trump kaviri, uye hapana purezidhendi ati ambobviswa pashure pokutonga kweDare. Asi tyisidzirowo zvayo yekusatendeudzira inobatira sechekero ine simba pamufambiro woukuru.

Simba Rezvidyiro

Mari yose inofanira kuvamba muImba yeVamiririri. Congress inodzora bhajeti rehurumende, uye inogona kuramba kutsigira nhano dzavakuru vakuru dzebazu dzinoishora. Iyi nzvero yakanga iri paratidziro yakazara mukati mokumiswa kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende ya 2013, apo Imba yakaramba kupfuudza bhajeti yaibatanidza mari yeAffordable Care Act. Purezidhendi haana chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chokushandisa mari pasina purogiramu yehurumende.

Utariri Hunotonga

Matare eCongregational anogona kudana vakuru vemasangano nevakuru vakuru kuti vapupurire, vakumbire magwaro okukumbira, uye vafumura zvakaipa. Basa iri rokutarisira rakatungamirira kukuwanikwa kwemhosva dzakadai seWatergate neIran.

Nzvero Dzomutemo Pabazu Rokutonga

Congress inoongororawo matare munzira dzinoverengeka dzinokosha.

  • Kuisa nhamba yemitemo: Congress inogona kuchinja ukuru hweDare Gurusa. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba yacho yakamiswa pa969, mutemo wakapfava ungagona kuichinja, kugona kukurukurwa pane dzimwe nguva se “kurongedza dare.”
  • kuisa matare akaderera ehurumende:[[FLT: 1] Congress inosarudza mugadzirirwo nechiremera zvematare ose ehurumende ari pasi peDare Rapamusorosoro, kubatanidza matare oruwa nematare edunhu ekwidza.
  • Kuisa pabumbiro remitemo: Kana Congress isingabvumirani nechisarudzo cheDare Rapamusoro, inogona kukarakadza chinjo yebumbiro remitemo kuti ipedze chisarudzo. Kuchinja vhudzi kunofanira ipapo kutenderwa nezvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvenyika dzacho.
  • Vatongi vanowirirana:[[FT:1] vatongi veFederal vanobatira nokuda kwoupenyu, asi vanogona kurairwa nokubviswa neDare nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama. Imba yakatemwa uye Dare rakabvisa Mutongi weRuwa G. Thomas Portty Jr. muna 2010, kubviswa kwokupedzisira.

Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomutemo wazvino uno nomuitiro wedare, shanyira nzvimbo yavakuru vakuru [[FT:0].gov.

Bazu Rine Chinzvimbo Chikuru: Purezidhendi Anomanikidza Mitemo

Chikamu II chesimba rapamusoro muMutungamiriri weUnited States. Basa guru raPurezidhendi ndero “kutarisira kuti Mitemo ipedzwe nokutendeka.” Asi bazu rinotungamirira rinonzverawo mapazu emitemo neokutonga.

Mukuru Mukuru Anoongorora Bazi Rine Mitemo

Simba Reveto

Purezidhendi anogona kuramba mutongo upi noupi unopfuudzwa neCongress, achidzorera neshoko reveto. Nepo Congress ichigona kukunda vheto, inoda matatu maviri ezviputu zvikuru(a). Vhoto ndiyo nzvero yakananga zvikurusa yaPrezidhendi wewirirano. Kusvikira muna 2025, purezidhendi akabudisa mavetoes anodarika 2 500, uye anenge 110 bedzi ave ariSIO. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Franklin D. Rooselt toted 635, nezvikwereti zvemitero zvemitemo yapamberi yehurumende. Mutungamiriri wehurumende Trump akashandisa madhia anenge 10 angoshandisa nguva dzake dzose, uye hapana imwe yemaveto ake yakanga iri yaSlauay.

Nyika yeUnion and Legislative Agenda

Purezidhendi anogona kuronga mutemo uye kushandisa chikuva chinodheerera kuti chimanikidze Congress kuita chiito.

Mukuru Mukuru Anonzvera Bazu Rokutonga

Kugadzwa kwaVatongi Vehurumende

Sezvo vatongi ava vachigadza vanhu kuti vagadzire upenyu hwose, purezidhendi anogona kuumba nhungamiro yepfungwa dzevatongi kwezvizvarwa. Somuenzaniso, vatongi veTrump vakagadzwa vatongi vatatu veDare Repamusorosoro, vachichinja dzikamo yeDare racho kuti iende kurudyi.

Vapfumi Namano

Purezidhendi anogona kupa kanganwiro, kukumbira ruregerero, uye kudzokororwa nokuda kwemhosva dzehurumende . Kunze kwezvinoitika zvokusatendeutswa. Uku kunzvera kunogona kukurira zvisarudzo zvebazu rokutonga. Purezidhendi Gerald Ford anoregerera Richard Nixon naPrezidhendi Barack Obama chinyorwa chaChelsea Manding mienzaniso inokosha. Simba rekanganwiro rinofanira kudzorwa uye kwete kudzokororwa kwedare.

Nokuda kwechiono chine chiremera chegadziriro yazvino yebazu ravakuru vakuru nemabasa, ona [[FLT: 0] Mumiriri weWhite House “At” peji[FLT: 1].

Bazu Rokutonga: Matare Anodudzira Mitemo

Chikamu III chinosimbisa Dare Gurusa uye chinopa Congress simba rokuita matare ehurumende epasi. Basa guru redare redare nderokududzira mitemo neBumbiro remitemo.

Kutonga Kunonzvera Bazu Romutemo

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare, matare anogona kuzivisa mabasa eCongress asingaitiringano. Iri simba rakatangwa mumhaka yechiratidzo chenhau Marbury v. Madison [1803] uye rakashandiswa mazana enguva kubvira ipapo. Somuenzaniso, mu United States v. Lopez[FLT] [195] [195], Dare rapamusoro rakarova pamutemo wehurumende unorambidza pfuti iri pedyo nezvikoro, richitonga kuti Congress Congress yaverist Claus yakanga yapfuura chiremera chayo cheClaus Classiasce. Nguva pfupi yapfuura zvikuru. [FLDifficial v. Sebelius [FLT] [FFF]], Dare gurusa reAfford raitiki raidzosa reMitemo yeMitemo yeMiteotootooto yakadzo yakadzo yakashatirwa kupfunza.

Kududzira Mitemo

Kana Congress ichinyora mutemo usina kunyatsojeka, vatongi vanosarudza zvaunoreva. Kana Dare risingadi kutsanangura kwedare, rinogona kuchinja mutemo wacho.

Kutonga Kunonzvera Bazu Rine Chiremera

Kuhwirudzura Zviito Zvoukuru

Matare eFederal anogona kuhwirudzura mirairo yavakuru vakuru, mirau, uye zviito kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanowirirana neBumbiro reMitemo nemutemo wehurumende. Somuenzaniso, mu vaduku vaStown Sheep & Tube Co. Sawyer[[[FLT: 1] (1952)], Dare Rapamusoro rakatonga kuti murayiro waPrezidhendi Truman wokudzora unobata zvigadziko zvesimbi mukati meHondo yeKorea wakanga usingawirirani. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, matare akavhara kana kuti akatsigira mativi ezviito zvehurumende pamusoro pokupinda munyika, muganhu wemhoteredzo, uye chengeteko yenyika.

Ruramisiro Yeutsotsi Navarwi

Kuongorora kweChina uye nhumbu kunoda kuti nechikonzero chingabvira, nemitemo yakabudiswa nomutongi.Iyi ganhuriro dzokuita kuti mutemo uteererwe mubazu rinotungamirira. Darewo rinotarisira mufambiro wokukwirira mhaka, kubvisa ufakazi hwakawanwa zvisiri pamutemo.

Nokuda kwokupinda kwakadzama zvikuru muzvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro netapuro dzazvo dzebumbiro remitemo, shanyira nzvimbo yepaIndaneti yeDare Gurusa[[FLT: 1]].

Kuchinja - chinja Kwemacheki: Mienzaniso Mitatu Yenyika Chaiyoiyo

Gadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo inonzwisiswa zvakanakisisa kupfurikidza nezvinoitika zvekongiri izvo zvinobatanidza mapazi ose matatu.Heino mienzaniso mitatu yazvino uno.

Muenzaniso 1: Kufamba Kurambidza Kutenderera (2017-2018)

Purezidhendi Trump akasaina Urangano Ukuru mukuru 13769, achiganhurira kufamba kubva kunyika dzinoverengeka dzechiMuslim. Matare eFederal akakurumidza kuvhara nhevedzano, achidudza itiro dzamabumbiro emitemo nemitemo. Hurumende yakakumbira, uye nhau yacho yakasvika kuDare Rapamusoro-soro. Mu Trump v. Hawaii [2017] [2017], Dare rakatsigira shanduro yakadzokororwa yechirambidzo, kutonga Purezidhendi aiva nechiremera chikuru pasi pomutemo wokupinda munyika. Iyi nhevedzano inoratidza kuti mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende anoirira, uye bhineti rinoidzira pamutemo pakupedzisira pashure pokudenha pamutemo, kunyange zvazvo mitezo yakaisa zvikwereti kuganhur kuganhur.

Muenzaniso 2: Afford Care Act uye Exenical Mandate (2010-2012)

Dare rakapfuudza ACA muna 2010, kubatanidza chinodikanwa kuti vanhu vave neinishuwarenzi youtano. Bazu guru rakavamba kushandisa mutemo. Zvikamu zvakawanda nezvikamu zvavanhu zvakadenha kuva kwaro rebumbiro remitemo. Dare Gurusa, mu NFIB v. Sebelius, rakatsigira murayiro womunhu mumwe nomumwe somutero asi rakaputsa kukura kwemakwararo etsika. Pashure pakavapo dare rakashandura mativi ose matatu omutemo mukupindura chisarudzo. Mapazu ose akanyoreswa nokushingaira: Congresssss Missionss, Purezierrent, uye Dare rakahwirudzura ndokudzokororwa ndokuparadzwa zvishomaneneswa mutemo.

Muenzaniso 3: Kutevedzerwa kwaPurezidhendi Donald Trump (209-2020)

Imba yaVamiririri yakashora Purezidhendi Trump nokuda kwokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba nokudzongonyedzwa kweDare. Dare, pashure pokutonga, rakamusunungura. Bazu rokutonga harina kubatanidzwa zvakananga mukusaidzira, asi matare ehurumende akatonga panharo dzechiputukezi dzine chokuita nezvapupu zvavakuru vakuru, zvakadai semhaka neyaichimbova White House Counsel Counser Don McGahn. Iyi rondedzero inoratidzira kuti bazu remitemo rinogona sei kuisa mutoro kupfurikidza nokusaidzorwa, nebazu rokutonga rakarondedzera panhambo nenhambo dzapamutemo.

Chikonzero Nei Kunzvera Nokudzikama Zvichikosha Nokuda Kwavagari Vomunyika

Apo Congress inoramba kutsigira nzvimbo yokutanga yapurezidhendi, kana kuti apo dare rinoputsa mutemo usiri wemitemo, kodzero dzako neganhuriro dzesimba rehurumende zviri kurondedzerwa. Somugari wehurumende, unogona kutora rutivi mugadziriro yacho munzira dzinoverengeka:

  • Musarudzo iri yose: Iwe unosarudza mitezo yeCongress nePurezidhendi. Kunzwisisa kuti ibazu ripi rinodzora chaunobetsera kukanda bhoti rausingazivi.
  • Tsambira kana kuti dana vamiriri vako: Mitemo inoteerera zvikamu, zvikurukuru panhau dzinobatanidza utariri, kugadza, uye kuronga zvinhu zvokutanga.
  • Kutevera zvisarudzo zveDare rapamusoro-soro: mirau mikuru inotapura rusununguko rwavagari vemo, tarisiro youtano, mhoteredzo, uye yakawanda.
  • Kuramba kurwisana kune rugare kana kuti kudzorwa:[[FLT:] Pedersion inodzivirira kodzero yako yokukumbira hurumende nokuda kwokutsiva zvigumbuso.

Nokuda kweanoita kuti zvive nyore kukurukura, nzvera USA.gov’s “Bhuku reHurumende” peji.

Mugumo: Muitiro Wezvinhu Zvipenyu

Nzvero nedzikamo pakati pamapazu matatu hazvisati zvichingova zvakabatana. Zvinochinja kupfurikidza nemuenzaniso, muitiro, uye rwisano dzezvematongerwe enyika. Zvinetso zvitsva . kubva kumirairo yavakuru vakuru kumira kudare kusvikira kunzvimbo inoiswa mitemo yapamutemo ($1:02) zvinoramba zvichiedza miganhu yechiremera chimwe nechimwe chebazu. Asi nheyo iri pasi apa inoramba iri: simba rinofanira kugoverwa ndokuganhurirwa kudzivirira rusununguko. Nokunzwisisa izvi zvirongwa, haungovi mutambi asi mubatanidzwa mune kumwe kuedza kunobudirira zvikurusa kwenhau mu‘governance.

Ramba uchidzidza, urambe wakabatana, uye uine mhosva yokuti mapazi ose matatu azvidavirire, uye kuti dange watanga rwendo rwako runotevera kuenda kubhokisi rebhorati.