Denho Inowedzera Yakawanda Yamashoko

Muzera ranhasi remichina, vanhu vanosangana namashoko akawanda pazuva rimwe kupfuura zvizvarwa zvakapfuura zvakawanikwa mugore rimwe. Uku kuwanda kwemashoko anoramba achiwanikwa, kubva kumichina yesocial network inongwaririra uye nhau kunzvimbo dzinotevedzerwa nevhidhiyo, kunoparira mhesano: mashoko akawanda haangoerekani achitungamirira kukunzwisisa zviri nani. Panzvimbo pezvo, vhoriyamu inokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuparadzanisa maidi akavimbika nokutaura kwokunyengera. Kukwanisa kunzvera mashoko hakusisiri unyanzvi hwokuwedzera; imhaka yezvisarudziro yechinhu chikuru nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo munzanga.

Nhevedzano dzinopararira nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose, kazhinji kazhinji dzinopfuura nhamburiko dzokururamisa. Nyaya yenhema inosvika vanhu vakawanda uye inofamba kupfuura zvokwadi muinenge nharaunda iri yose yamashoko. Iyi zvokwadi inoisa mutoro wacho kuvanhu chose chose kukudziridza miitiro yakasimba. Pasina iyi miitiro, vagari vemo vanopinza mungozi kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamashoko asina kukwana kana kuti akamonereka, kana zvisarudzo izvozvo zvikabatanidza zvisarudzo zvoutano, mari, kana kuti nzvimbo dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzvera kubva kuPew Research Center kunoratidza kuti chikamu chinokosha cherwisano yavose kutsauranisa pakati peidi nemurangariro, kusimbisa kudikanwa kwokukurumidza nokuda kwamashoko ari nani.

Kunzwisisa Kudzidza Mashoko

Nei Kudzidza Kuchinyanya Kukosha Kupfuura Kare

Kugona kuziva mashoko mano okuziva apo mashoko anodikanwa uye kuwana, kuyera, uye kushandisa mashoko iwayo nenzira inobudirira. Kunoda kubvunza kwokushingaira, kusimbisa, uye kunzwisisa kwamashoko. Mumhoteredzo umo munhu upi noupi anogona kubudisa chinhu chipi nechipi noungwaru hushoma, kurava mashoko kunova chinhu chikuru chinodzivirira pakushandiswa nokukanganisa.

Munezvoutano, mashoko asina kururama anotenda anogona kutungamirira kukuzvirapa kana kuti kukurumidza kurapa. Mumari, kuita zvinhu zvisina kunaka kungaguma nokurasikirwa nemari. Muupenyu hwevanhu, mashoko asina kururama anogona kubvisa chivimbo mumasangano ehurumende yeruzhinji uye nzanga dzinoparadza. Vagari vemashoko vakadzidza vanogona kukwanisa kudzora zvinetso izvi nokuti vanosvika pachinhu chimwe nechimwe chavanenge vachifunga kuti vapi. Havabvumi kuti mashoko acho anokosha; vanochera zvakadzama, vanobvunza kuti ndiani akaaumba uye nei, uye vaongorore kana uchapupu huripo.

Zvikamu Zvemazai Okudzidza

Kunyora nokunyora mashoko kunotsamira pamakwikwi anoverengeka. Kutanga mano okurondedzera ukuru hwemashoko anodikanwa. Pamberi pokutsvaka, munzveri ane unyanzvi anojekesa zvavari kutsvaka uye chikonzero nei. Chechipiri anouya kunzvera, kunoda kuziva kuti ungashandisa sei mapepa, injini dzokutsvaka, uye mamwe maturusi nenzira inobudirira. Kwechitatu, uye kunokosha zvikurusa kukurukurirano ino, kuongorora, kutema kana manyuko akavimbika, akarurama, uye akakodzera nokuda kwebasa rakarongwa. Chechina ishandisiro yetsika yemashoko, inobatanidza kubetsera nokuremekedza zvinhu zvenjere. Pakupedzisira, kurava mashoko kunobatanidza mano okukurukura zvinowanikwa zvakajeka kuvamwe.

Iyi mikwikwi haisati iri yakareveruka. Inochinja sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye sezvo zvimiro zvitsva zvezvinobudisa nhau zvinobuda. Somuenzaniso, kuyera vhidhiyo yeTik Tok kunoda mitoo yakasiana - siana kupfuura kuyera nyaya yemagazini inoonekwa navezera. Dzidzo yokudzidza nokunyora mashoko inofanira kuchinjira kuidzi nhambo, ichibetsera vadzidzi kushandisa nheyo dzisingachinjiki mumativi ose akasiana-fararira.

Kuvaka Basa Ramanyuko Anoparadza

Kuedza KweCRAAP

Chimwe chirongwa chinoshandiswa zvikuru nokuda kwokunzvera iCRAAP, mashoko akavanzika anomirira Can, Relevance, Authority, Une Une Ururami, uye Donzo. Iyi nzira yakarongwa inobetsera vanzveri kunzvera nenzira ikarongwa upamhi hwenzvimbo imwe neimwe. Mari inobvunza: mashoko aya akabudiswa rini kana kuti apedzwazve? Relevance anobvunza: aya mashoko anopindura zvakananga mubvunzo uri paari here? Chiremera chinobvunza: ndiani munyori kana kuti mubudisi? uye chii chiri zvipupuriro?

Kushandisa nzvero yeCRAAP kuchinhu chipi nechipi chiri mukati kunopa musengwa wakasimba wokuyera. Somuenzaniso, kana ukasangana nechikarakadzo choutano pasocial media, unogona kuyera mari nokukurumidza kupfurikidza nokunzvera musi wechinyorwa, kubatira kupfurikidza nokurangarira kana kutaura kwacho kunoshanda kumugariro wako, chiremera kupfurikidza nokunzvera chinyorwa cheProcer, kururama kupfurikidza nokuisa muchinjikwa nenyuko dzezvokurapa, uye donzo kupfurikidza nokucherekedza kana post iri kuedza kutengesa chigadzirwa kana kuti kusimudzira purogiramu chaiyo. CRAAP yakakuedza CRAP kwakakugadzirwa paState University, Chico[FLT] uye kunoramba kuri pfundo rinoshanda nokuda kwavadzidzi vose.

Kupfuura Kuedzwa Kwemazaya

Nepo kuedza CRAAP kuchibetsera, kune ganhuriro. Kwakagadzirirwa pakuvamba nokuda kwemashoko edzidzo uye kungasataura zvizere mhoteredzo inokurumidza kuparadzwa, yakaita maatommendi echammunhesfesi yazvino uno. Vanzveri vanowedzera CRAAP nemitoo yokuwedzera. Imwe nzira yakadaro iri kunzvera mari yapanyuko neyokuva muridzi. Chiteshi chenhau chesangano chine fariro dzakananga dzezvamatongerwe enyika chingapa mashoko munzira yakaisvonaka, kunyange kana nyaya dzacho dzikabatana nemipimo mikuru yezvokwadi.

Imwe kurukurirano yakakwirira kushandiswa kwoufakazi mumanyuko amene. Nyaya inodadika haisati ichingotaurawo zvayo; inopa mifungo, mibatanidzwa kumanyuko makuru, kana kuti nongedzero kunzvero dzinobudiswa. Kana manyuko akaita kutaura kwoushingi pasina ufakazi hupi nohupi hunotsigira, iwo mureza mutsvuku. Nenzira yakafanana, vanzveri vanofanira kutarira mutauro wemirangariro wakagadzirirwa kunyandura kuita chiito panzvimbo pokuzivisa. Misoro yenzwi, mifungo yakawandisa, uye mutauro unokurudzira kutya kana kuti kutsamwa kazhinji kazhinji unoratidzira bvumirano inoparira bvumirano pamusoro pokururama.

Kuziva Zvimiro Zvakasiana - siana zveBias

Kusimbisa Bias

Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvinoramba zvichipinganidza zvakarurama kutsigira zvitendero zviripo, kuda kutsigira mashoko anotsigira zvinotendwa. Kuchinja pfungwa kunoita kuti pfungwa dzisave nesimba asi kuchiita kuti munhu afunge zvisina kururama. Paanenge achiongorora mashoko, kutsigira mirangariro kunoita kuti vanhu vabvume mashoko anoenderana nenyika yavo vasingaanzvere maonero avanoita vamwe chete.

Kukurira kusimbisa rusaruro kunoda nhamburiko yamaune. Imwe nzira inobudirira kutsvaka nokushingaira mirangariro inopesana. Kana unorava nyaya inosimbisa zvakasimba murangariro wako, wana nguva yokutsvaka mashoko anopesana nezvikonzero zvakanaka anobva mumanyuko akavimbika. Uyu muitiro haurevi kurega chimiro chako; kunoreva kuiedza muhufakazi hunowanika. Imwe nzira ndeyokuderedza mirangariro yako. Panzvimbo pokuita chiito nokukurumidza kumusoro kana kuti kutaura, mira ndokubvunza kana ungagamuchira mashoko mamwe chetewo kana achibva kumanyuko asina kurovedzeka kana kuti anopesana.

Mibato Yezvenhau Nezvamatongerwe Enyika

Masangano enhau anosiana zvikuru mukuita kwawo. Mamwe anoisa mipimo yakadzikama kushuma nemisiyano yakajeka pakati penhau nemurangariro. Mamwe anovhengana nokushuma, kuchikuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kusianisa idi redikanwo nemurangariro. Machati enhau enhau, akadai seakabudiswa naAd Fontes Media and Alle Sides, anogovera mifananidzo yemifungo yepanobuda zvakasiyana- siyana padziri dzezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuti dzakavimbika sei. Machati aya zvishandisiro zvinobetsera, asi anofanira kushandiswa nokungwarira. Hapana chati chati chakakwana, uye nyaya imwe neimwe iri mukati mechinyorwa inogona kubva pazvinonyorwa zvose.

Nzira yakavimbika zvikuru ndeyokurava mumativi ose. Kana nhau inokosha, ona kuti zvibudiso zvamapepa akasiyana - siyana zvinoifukidza sei. Enzanisa nokunyorwa kwemashoko, manyuko anonokorwa mashoko, uye maidi akasimbisa. Mapfundo ebvumirano mumikoto mizhinji angangova akavimbika zvikurusa, nepo mapfundo okusabvumirana anosimbisa uko kududzira uye tsveyamisa mirangariro zvinoparira basa guru. Iyi tsika yokurava inova netsananguro yakakura zvikuru yenhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa.

Mirayiro yeArimorimoric

Kupfuura rusaruro rwavanhu, maarusaiti ayo majekiseni anonzvera magetsi nezvinobudisa nhau zvinotanga zvawo zvisizvo. Maarusaiti aya akagadzirirwa kusimbisa kuvimbisana, kwete kururama. Anoisa mibatanidzwa inochengeta vashandisi vachipeta, vachipwidzana, uye vachigoverana. Mirangariro, nharo, uye zvinonyandura zvinova zvinova zvinoda kuti vasarudze zvikuru.

Vashandisi vanogona kuderedza tsvete-kero yealgorith kupfurikidza nokunzvera zvokudya zvavo zvemashoko. Tevedzera nyanzvi mune zvenhau dzinowirirana, tsigira mapepanhau anowana manyuko akakwirira, uye shandisa vashambadzi kutsvaka marudzi akati ezviri mukati. Kubvisa rumbidzo apo kunobvira kunoderedzawo pesvedzero yemashoko akapoteredza panzvimbo pokurega maarufabheti achitema zvaunoona.

Zvirongwa Zvinoshanda Zvokuongorora Mashoko Oga Oga

Kurava Kwapashure

Kurava kwomunguva yemberi inzira inoshandiswa navanonzvera maidi vano unyanzvi. Panzvimbo pokurambira pawebsite imwe nokuyera zviri mukati mayo mukuparadzana, kurava kwapashure kunobatanidza kuzarura materu matsva kunzvera manyuko, munyori, uye kutaura. Uku inzira inokurumidza uye inoshanda zvikuru kupfuura kurava kwakananga, kunotsamira pakuyera magadzirirwe enzvimbo, zita renzvimbo, kana kuti panenge peji. Nyanzvi dzinonzvera dzinoshandisa nguva dzose kurava kwapashure kunzvera mashoko, uye kunzvera kunoratidza kuti kunoparira miuyo iri nani kupfuura mimwe mitoo.

Kushandisa kurava kwomushure, apo unosangana neshoko risingazivikanwi kana kuti manyuko, vhura tab itsva. Tsvaka zita ramanyuko pamwe chete namashoko akadai "kuzvidzora," kana kuti "bias". Tsvaka mirangariro yakasununguka inobva mumabudiro enhau, nhau dzedzidzo, kana kuti masangano eidi. Kana kutaura kunobatanidza nhamba kana kuti tsinhiro, tsvaka manyuko apakuvamba amanyoro iwayo. Kupfuurira gare gare kukupa mufananidzo wakazara kupfuura kugara papeji rimwe.

Nzira Yokushandisa

Nzira yeSIFT inogovera chimwe chirongwa chinoshanda, chakatangwa nanyanzvi yemitauro Mike Caulfield. SIFT inomirira chitsama cheStop, Pundurate tsime, Franisa zviri nani, uye Trace inoreva mashoko epakutanga. Nhano yokutanga, Shoma, inokosha. Pamberi pokugoverana kana kuti kushandisa mashoko, kumbomira ndokuita chisarudzo chokungwarira kuiongorora. Nhanho yechipiri, Investigate, inobatanidza kutarira kune akaigadzira uye unyanzvi hwainoita. Nhanho yechitatu, Wanai zviri nani, kurudzira kutsvaka manyuko anopa mashoko akakwana uye akavimbika pamusoro penhau imwe cheteyo. Nhanho yechina, inotaura kuti inoda kuongorora kwakatanga kunyorwa uye kana kuti yakamiririrwa zvakarurama.

SIFT yakagadzirwa kuti ive inomhanya uye inobudirira. Kutaura kwakawanda kunogona kurangarirwa pasi peminiti inoshandisa uyu mutoo. Hakudi unyanzvi hukuru munhau, bedzi kudisa kunzvera usati wavimba. Somuenzaniso, kana mufananidzo wevhairasi uchiita seunoratidza chinoitika chinoshamisa, uchiita nzvero yapashure uye unzvera manyuko enhau akakurumbira unogona kusimbisa kana mufananidzo uripo namashoko akarurama.

Kuchinja - chinja kwepfungwa

Manyuko etriamplection anoreva kusimbisa mashoko kupfurikidza naanenge manyuko matatu akazvimirira, akavimbika. Nzira iyi inokosha zvikuru nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvakakwirira, zvakadai sokurapa, nhau dzapamutemo, kana kuti misengwa mikuru yezvemari. Kana manyuko matatu akakurumbira achibvumirana pamusoro peidi, chivimbo muidi inowedzera zvikuru. Apo manyuko anopesana zvikuru, kusabvumirana kumene kunogovera mashoko anokosha pamusoro pezvakaoma kunzwisisa kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu enhau yacho akakwikwidzana.

Kuzvimirira kunobudirira kunoda kuzvimirira kwapachokwadi pakati pamanyuko. Kana nzvimbo mbiri dzenhau dziri dzekambani imwe cheteyo yomubereki, kufukidzwa kwadzo kungasava kwakasununguka zvirokwazvo. Nenzira yakafanana, kana manyuko akawanda ose achidudza fundo imwe cheteyo kana kuti kubudiswa kwepepanhau, haasi kugovera tsigiro yokuzvimirira. Tsvaka manyuko ayo akawana mashoko awo kubva mukunzvera kwapakuvamba kwakasiana, nyanzvi, kana kuti nharaunda dzakasiana - siana dzenzvimbo.

Zvishandiso Nezvinhu Zvinobatsira Kuongorora

Manyoro Anoona Chokwadi

Masangano anoverengeka akatsaurirwa anogovera nzvero dzakabvumwa dzezvinotaurwa neutachiona. Snopes, SectCcock.org, Politifact, uye International Fact-Checking Network zvinochengeta manyuko anonzvera manyuko anokurumidza kunzvera uko vanoshandisa vanogona kunzvera kana kutaura kwakatonzverwa. Snopes Spets] yave ichibvisa nokusimbisa runyerekupe kubva muma 1990 uye inofukidza mhatsa huru yemisoro. Masangano aya anobudisa nzira dzawo dzokushandisa, kubatanidza kuti vanosarudza sei kutaura, zvavanogamuchira, uye kuti vanovaradzia sei zvakarurama. Kuzvibatanidza umene neizvi zvikamu zvokunyorera uye kuvanzvera nguva dzose anovaka muitiro wekuumba.

Mapeyikesheni eshopu ne Plugisito

Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvawaona ndezvechokwadi. Mashoko anogara kupepa, anowanika kune vanonyora mapepa makuru, anoratidza kuyera kwezviuru zvenhau newebsite dzemashoko dzinobva pamitengo mipfumbamwe, kusanganisira kana nzvimbo ichiramba ichibudisa zvinhu zvenhema, kana zviri pachena kuti zvinobudisa pfungwa, uye kana zvichizivisa kuti ndeyechokwadi. Zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinobatsira kuona mufananidzo, zvinobvumira vashandisi kuongorora mufananidzo nenzira yakananga kubva kumunhu ari kumunhu ari kuhaya. Maturusi aya haasi mashandisi akakwana kuti apedzisa pfungwa dzenhema, asi anoshanda senzira dzinobatsira, kunyanya kana nguva yakaganhurirwa.

Kosi Yokudzidza Kuverenga Nokunyora

Mikana yokudzidza yakarongwa inogona kukudza unyanzvi hwokunzvera. Platform yakadai seKora, edX, uye News Literacy Project inogovera makosi epachena neakaderera okudzidzira pazvinobudisa mashoko, nzvero yemashoko, uye kurangarira kwokutsoropodza. Kosi idzi dzinowanzobatanidza kurovedza kwokukurukura, zvidzidzo, uye zviverengero izvo zvinobetsera vadzidzi kushandisa unyanzvi hwavo mumigariro chaiyoiyo. [[FLT: 0] The News Literacy Project [ inogovera zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa zvikurukuru vadzidzi navadzidzi, asi zvinhu zvavo zvinobetsera munhu upi noupi anoda kuvandudza mano avo okunzvera mashoko namashoko.

Kukurudzira Tsika Yokufunga Kunotsoropodza

Mugadziriro Dzedzidzo

Zvikoro namayunivhesiti zvinoita basa guru mukukudziridza kurava nokunyora mashoko. Zvisinei, kurava nokunyora mashoko kunowanzorangarirwa sechidzidzo chimwe chenguva panzvimbo porutivi rwakabatana rwezvidzidzo. Kuedza kunobudirira zvikurusa kwedzidzo yefundo muzvinhu zvose. Mukirasi yenhau, vadzidzi vanonzvera manyuko makuru. Mukirasi yesayenzi, vanonzvera mafambiro azvo neurefu. Mukirasi yezvinobudisa nhau, vanonzvera kufema nokushatisa. Apo kuyera kunova rutivi rwedzidzo inowirirana, itsika panzvimbo pebasa rimwe chete.

Vadzidzisi vanogona kuongorora nokufunga zvinonzwika pavanosangana nemashoko matsva, vanogonawo kupa vadzidzi mabasa anoda kuti vanyore mashoko anenge ataurwa vachishandisa manyuko akawanda uye vataure zvavanowana.

Kubasa

Vashandirwi vanoziva nenzira inowedzera ukoshi hwevashandi vanogona kuyera mashoko nenzira inobudirira. Kushatisa mumabasa kunogona kutungamirira kukushandisa kwakashata, pfuma inoshandiswa, uye kuvadziko yemukurumbira. Masangano anogona kusimudzira kufunga kwokutsoropodza kupfurikidza nokugovera rovedzo yapanyuko, kukurudzira vashandi kupanikira fungidziro, uye kutsigira zvakanaka kwenharo panzvimbo pekusimbisa nechivimbo. Kukurukurirana kwomukati kunofanira kuratidzira mipimo mimwe cheteyo yokururama nokujeka izvo vashandi vanokarirwa kushandisa mukunzvera kwavo kwokunze.

Mukurukurirano Dzenzanga

Mhuri, shamwari, uye mapoka omunharaunda anogona kusimbisa kurava mashoko kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzezuva riri rose. Apo mumwe munhu anogoverana nyaya yenhau kana kuti nzvimbo yesocial network, achibvunza mibvunzo yakapfava yakadai se "Maonerei? kana kuti "Kune manyuko okutaura ikoko here? ” anogona kunyandura kurukurirano yokufunga pasina bonderano. Masangano enzanga, maraibhurari, uye manyuko enhau omunzvimbomo anogona kugovera nzvimbo dzokunzvera mashoko. Maritari, zvikurukuru, masangano anovimbwa akaiswa zvakanaka kupa zviwanikwa nerovedzo padzidzo yezvinobudisa nhau.

Mugumisiro: Kugadzira Nzvimbo Inogadziridza Mashoko

Kubvisa mashoko muzera remichina hahusi unyanzvi hunogona kuzivikanwa kamwe chete ndokuzotsaurwa. Kunoda muitiro unopfuurira, kuchinjira kuruzivo rutsva, uye kudisa kubvunza kunyange manyuko akarovedzeka. Maturusi namazano zvakarongwa munyaya ino zvinogovera hwaro, asi chinhu chinokosha zvikurusa imhiko yomunhu oga kuzvokwadi nezvokwadi. Nguva iri yose apo mumwe munhu anomira pamberi pokugoverana, anzvera manyuko, kana kuti anotsvaka murangariro unopesana, zvinobetsera kutsika dzinokoshesa ufakazi pamusoro pemirangariro nezvinonakira.

Vagari vakashongedzerwa nounyanzvi hwokurangarira hwakasimba havasi pangozi zvikuru yokushandisa zvisina kufanira uye vanokwanisa zviri nani kuita zvisarudzo zvinowirirana nefariro dzavo vamene nezvinokosha. Vanotsungirirawo zvikuru kuderera kwechivimbo icho chinopiwa nenhema. Munzvimbo yezvinobudisa nhau dzakakamukana, mano okuyera mashoko haasati ari bedzi betsero yomunhu oga; mutoro wehurumende. Nokugamuchira uyu mutoro. Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanobetsera kuvaka mhoteredzo yamashoko inoshanda munhu ari wose, kwete bedzi avo vanodanidzira zvikuru kana kuti vanopedzera zvikurusa pakuparadzirwa. Basa rokurangarira rinovamba nomunhu mumwe nomumwe, asi miuyo yawo inopinda kunze munzanga dzine utano hwakanaka zvikuru nehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu.