Chitanga: Kukwira Kwenzvimbo Dzinoshanda uye Dzinogadziridza

Mumakore gumi apfuura, nzvimbo dzokushandira nokuvandudza dzakachinja kubva munzvimbo dzinotsiva nzvimbo dzebasa dzinonzi dzinogara vanhu vakawanda. Izvi zvivako zvinochinja zvinova nemamiriyoni evatengesi, vavhozheni, vashandi vari kure, uye mabhizimisi maduku. CHOVID 2016 yakawedzera denda iri nokuita kuti nzvimbo dzokushandira dzive dzenguva dzose, uye vashandi vakawanda zvinoda kuti vanhu vagare, mikana yesocinete, uye mabasa anoshanda aigovera . Maererano nomushumo we , nhamba yenzvimbo dzinoshandira dzakawedzera kubva pa2 000 munyika yose muna 2013 kusvika pa2015 000, uye kudarika 202, uye kukwira.

Nepo kudiwa kwemisika kune simba, mitemo yenyika neyomunzvimbomo inoita basa rakakomba rakaenzana mukusarudza kuti nzvimbo idzi dzinogona kuwanika kupi uye sei. Pasina mirau inotsigira, kurudziro dzemari, uye kuronga kwamaune, nzvimbo dzokushandira dzinorwisana kuvhura, kushanda zvisina kufanira, kana kuti kusvika nzanga dzinodzida zvikurusa. Nyaya inonzvera zvishandiso chaizvo izvo vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, masangano ebudiriro yezvemari, uye vatungamiriri venzanga vanoshandisa kusimudzira kushanda nokuvandudza, uye chikonzero nei iyi mitemo ichikosha nokuda kwepfuma yomunharaunda.

Vane Mazano Ezvemari: Kuderedza Zvipingamupinyi Zvokupinda

Ndyiko dzokutanga nokushandisa ndizvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi zvikuru nokuda kwavashandisi vemuchadenga vanoshanda. Ndyiko dzepepuko, kuvaka ndyiko dzinoshandiswa, fanicha, zvishandiso zvemichina, uye zvinoshanda zvinopfuurira zvinogona kuwedzera nokukurumidza. Hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzakagadzira mativi akasiana - siana emari kuderedza mitoro iyoyi ndokukurudzira kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzose dziri mbiri dzomumaguta nedzisina kuchengetwa.

Kupiwa Mutero uye Kuzvidzwa

Nyika dzakawanda dzinopa zvikwereti zvemitero zvakananga kumabhizimisi anotanga nzvimbo dzokushandira pamwe, zvikurukuru munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzine mikana yakarongwa kana kuti nzvimbo dzine mamiriro emari. Somuenzaniso, purogiramu yeNew York STAUP NY [ inopa mitero yemitero yokutengesa uye chikwereti chemari yemari yebhizimisi nokuda kwenzvimbo itsva kana kuti kuwedzera mabhizimisi anoshanda munzvimbo dzinogadzirirwa nzvimbo, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzinoshandira dzinobatanidzwa namayunivhesiti. Nenzira yakafanana, Texas Economic Development Act inobvumira mabhanisia kuti ape mari yemitero yemitero yezvirongwa zvikuru zvemari inobatanidza zvikamu zvinoshanda zvinoremadzwa.

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogonawo kuderedza mutero zvakananga. Maguta akadai saAustin naDenver akagamuchira “kurongwa kwemitero yokushanda noushamwari” uko kunoyera nzvimbo dzokushandira pamwero wakaderera kupfuura kurenda kwemahofisi egamuchidzanwa. Uku kuronga kunobetsera vashandisi kuchengeta mitero yemitezo isingabhadharwi, iyo inokweverawo mhatsa yakasiana - siana yavashandisi.

Zvipo Nenzvimbo Dzinoshandira

Zvipo chimwe chishandiso chine simba. U.S. Economic Development Administration (DE) yakatsigira zvirongwa zvinoverengeka zvokushanda kupfurikidza negadziriro yazvo yeChiyereso. Somuenzaniso, State of Michigan yakashandisa mari yokutanga “Comphare Work MI” yakaparadzira zvikamu zvomumaruwa zvinoverengeka kuti zvivhure kana kuti kuwedzera nzvimbo dzinoshandira pamwe chete. Vagamuchiri vakashuma wedzero ye40% mugadziriro yebhizimisi duku romunharaunda mukati mamakore maviri.

Panzvimbo yeruwa, piro nokuda kwefiberōoptic, simba rinorema, kana kuti kuiswa panzvimbo yaro kungaparira musiyano mukuru. Guta rePortland, Oregon, somuenzaniso, rinopa “Mupandi weCreative Grant” unopa mari inosvika US $100 000 nokuda kwokushandura zvinhu zvisina basa kuva nzvimbo dzokushandira nedzekugadzira. Kubatsira kwakadaro kunoderedza ngozi nokuda kwavagari vemo navavaki, kunokurudzira kushandisazve basa panzvimbo pokuvaka kutsva.

MaLounter saga Nemari Yokuchengeta Zvinhu

Mamwe masangano ehurumende anobatira pamwe nesangano rehurumende rokusimudzira nzanga yemari (CDF Is) kuti ape zvikwereti zvakaderera zvikurusa nokuda kwokubudirira kwenzvimbo yokushanda. California Infrapublicature and Economic Development Bank (IBank) inogovera bhirindi rechikwereti rinodzongonyedza mari yechikwereti yave ichiwanira mari nzvimbo dzokushandira muFresno, Stockton, uye San Bernardo. Zvikwereti izvi zvinowanzotakura zvikwereti zvinononoka kubhadharwa, zvichibvumira nzvimbo itsva kuvaka mitezo isati yadairwa kuti igova yakadzika.

Kufema Nenyika Zvinoshandisa Mitemo: Kuumba Kupfava

Mabhukwana enzvimbo dzamagamuchidzanwa kazhinji kazhinji anoparadzanisa mitoo yezvokutengeserana, yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye yokugara, izvo zvinogona kuganhurira apo nzvimbo dzokushandira dzinogona kushanda pamutemo. Nzvimbo zhinji dzinoda muvhenganiswa wehofisi, shopu, uye nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuti zvigovere mibato yakasiana - siana yakadai semisangano, kugadzira zvinhu, kana kuti kudya. Mitemo yazvino uno munharaunda ino inokosha.

Kushandisa Zvisingachinji - chinji uye Kusanganiswa Kunoshandisa Zvokurima

Maguta anofunga ari mberi akagadziridza mitemo yokugadzira nyika kuti ibvumire “kushanda sechinobvumirwa” mumaruwa akawanda. Somuenzaniso, Los Angeles yakagadzirisa bumbiro rayo rinovaka muna 2019 kuti itsaure nzvimbo dzokushandira pasi penzvimbo dzecoplace commercial process". Mune dzimwe nzvimbo uye“ hospital” mune dzimwe, kubvisa kudikanwa kwemvumo inodhura inobvumira mari inobvumirwa kushandira. Semugumisiro, nhamba yenzvimbo dzinoshandira mu LA County yakawedzera ne 150% mumakore matatu.

Maguta maduku akadai seMismoda, Montana, akashandisa “mabumbiro emitemo akavakirwa paripo. Aya mashandiro anobvumira nzvimbo dzokushandira kuti dzive nzvimbo dzinogadzirwazve, zvitoro, uye kunyange nzvimbo dzokugara pasi, chero bedzi zvichisangana noruzha, kupaka uye mipimo yokuchengeteka. Muitiro waMissofera wakabetsera kuvhura “Missova Coplace Hub, iyo zvino yava nemitezo inopfuura 200.

Zvinodikanwa Zvokupaka Nokuisa Mapeto

Rimwe ramahofisi anokandwa nenzvimbo dzinonzi dzinomira kumiswa motokari dzakagadzirirwa zvivako zvemahofisi. Nzvimbo dzokushandira dzinowanzobatira vafambi, vakwiri vemabhasikoro, uye vanoshandisa vafambi, uye dzinoda nzvimbo shoma dzokupaka patsoka dzakaenzana kumativi mana ezvikamu zviduku pane hofisi dzinozivikanwa. Mamwe maguta, akadai seSeattle neMinneapolis, akatanga mipimo yakaderedzwa yokupaka nzvimbo dzemahofisi dzemahofisi. Muruwa rweSeattle’s Pierre Square, chirongwa chitsva chokushanda chakabvumirwa kugovera nzvimbo dzokupaka motokari 0,5 pamativi mana managa ezvikamu 1.5 /5 /5 /shure kwokuratidza kuva pedyo nenjanji dzemabhasi.

Mitemo yokuvandudza inowiriranawo zvakanaka nokushanda. Kupfurikidza nokuisa nzvimbo pedyo napakati penzvimbo dzokufambisa, hurumende dzinoderedza motokari mumugwagwa uye kuita kuti nzvimbo dzokushandira dziwanike kuvashandi vakawanda. 2022 ne Urban Land Institute [ yakawana kuti nzvimbo dzokushandira dziri pakati pehafu yehafu yechiteshi chokufambisa dzine mwero yakakwirira yemitezo yemitezo.

Nzvimbo Dziri Kungobvumira Nokukwirira Dziri Pamberi

Kuedza kudikanwa nokumutsidzirwa kwezvitoro zvisina chinhu, dzimwe hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinopa mvumo pfupi nokuda kwenzvimbo dzokushanda dzechinguvana. “Pop 31: Up Coplaing” mutyairi wendege akabvumira varidzi vezvinhu kutora nzvimbo dzisina chinhu nokuda kwemwedzi mitanhatu kuti vashandisi vanoshanda nebvumidzo. Purogiramu yacho yabudirira kwazvo zvokuti yakava yechigarire, nenzvimbo dzinopfuura 20 zvino dzinoshanda mumuenzaniso. Mitemo yakaderera nokuda kwavashanyi vokutanga uye kupinza upenyu mumakoridhi okutambudzira ezvokutengeserana.

ZVINHU Zvokushandira Pamwe Zvoruzhinji: Kupindira Mune Zvekuchinja

Hurumende hadziwanzodikanwi kudzora nzvimbo dzokushandira dzecoplace zvakananga,_Zvokushanda zvinobudirira zvikuru savagadziri. Kubatana kwevoruzhinji (PPP) kunobatanidza zviwanikwa zvavose (nyika, mari yemitero, kuputirwa kwemitero) nounyanzvi hwomunhu oga (kushanda, kuronga, kutarisirwa kwenzanga) kuti pave nemibato inopfuudzira.

Maruwa eYunivhesitiāfunungudzwa

Zvizhinji zvezviwirirano zvinobudirira zvikurusa zvinotsigirwa namayunivhesiti enzvero. Cambridge Innovation Center muMassachusetts yakabatanidza Mit neGuta reCambridge kugadzira marabhu okushanda nokuda kwebiotech. Guta rakagovera mavhariji nenzvimbo dzinosimudzwa, nepo yunivhesiti yakagovera kushandira pamwe nemichina yetare. Nhasi, makambani eCIC’Squall zvivako zvePricif anodarika 1 500.

Mutevedzeri wakafanana wakabuda muChattanooga, Tennessee, umo Enprise Center(a PPP inobatanidza guta, University of Tennessee iri paChattanooga, uye vatengi vawo voga (*) varongedzeri va “Edney Innovation Center.” Nzvimbo yacho inopa nzvimbo inoshanda, varayiridzi vemirayiridzi, uye kukwanisa kupinda mukambani yeguta yegibit fiber. Kubvira pakutanga muna 2015, yakabetsera kutanga mavakirwo anopfuura 200 uye kugadzira mabasa, maererano neChatgatech Comment of Commeter.

Maruwa 76 Anoshanda Zvimbambaira Kupfurikidza NemaPPP

ZVINHU zvinoshandira vanhu voga hazvina kuganhurirwa kunzvimbo dzomumaguta. Mumaruwa eVermont, “Mabasa evermont nokuda kwaVashandi” nhano yehurumende yakagadzira PPP neVermont Community Foundation uye mushandisi womunzvimbomo kuti azarure “Basa paRwizi” muWhite River Junction. Hurumende yakapa $550 000 nokuda kwokugadziridza, uye vashandisi voga vanoshanda zuva rino uno uno unobatira vashandi vari kure kubva mhiri kwenzvimbo yeWeast Valley Foundation Foundation, vazhinji vavo vakambotumira maawa maviri kuBoston.

Zvinobatsira Kushanda

Zvikamu zvitsva zvePPPS zvinowanzobatanidza zvitsama zvekuita: zvikwereti zvemitero kana kuti mari inogoverwa mari izvo zvinowedzera sezvo nzvimbo yokushanda inosangana nechisiko chebasa kana kuti zvipfuro zvemitezo. Somuenzaniso, Guta re “Compare Baltimore Fund yeBaltimore” inoda vashambadzi kuti vawane inenge 30% mitezo yebhizimisi yakazviwanira kutsigira kubetsera. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti tsigiro yavose ifambire mberi zvakananga pamutemo nenzvimbo yemari.

Kudzidziswa uye Kudzidziswa Zvinhu: Kupfuura Nzvimbo Yokugara

Mitemo inotsigira nzvimbo dzokushandira dzinoshanda inobudirira zvikurusa apo inogoverawo mabasa anobatanidza anobetsera vatengesi navashandi kubudirira. Hurumende dzinoshandisa nzvimbo dzokushandira pamwe senzvimbo dzokupa basa nokuda kwokubudirira kwevashandi, kupa zano rebhizimisi, uye gadziriro itsva.

Vashandi Nezvitambudzo Mukati Menzvimbo Dzinoshanda

Nyika dzakawanda dzakabatanidza nzvimbo duku dzokubudirira dzebhizimisi (SBDC) neSCORE dzichipa mazano muzvivako zvokushandira. Guta re “Austin Technology Incubitor,” raigara mukati menzvimbo inotsigirwa yokushanda yekopaji, inopa makiriniki akasununguka, makwikwi epamutemo, uye social nevezvebhizimisi. Vatori vezvokutengeserana vakakwezva mabhiriyoni anopfuura $5 mukuwedzera mari.

Nenzira yakafanana, Kansas Department of Commerce Department “Entreneur muResidence” nzvimbo dzokushandira panzvimbo dzecongrad muhurumende. Ava vavambi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira vanogovera mumwe murayiridzi kumitezo mitsva, kuvabetsera kushandira mumitengi, kugadzirwa kwemitengo, uye kupa mafomu. Kuziva kunobva mudhipatimendi kunoratidza kuti mitezo inopinda mubhizimisi mumusha ine 45% sezvingabvira zvikuru ingava ichiri kushanda pashure pamakore maviri.

Kunyora Nekunyora Neunyanzvi ←

Kuti nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzishande sedzinoshanda dzechokwadi mumichina yezvemari, dzinofanira kurovedza unyanzvi hwemichina, kutarisirwa kwemari, uye kutengesa. “TechCred” purogiramu yeOhio inobhadhara vashandiri vayo vanosvika $2 000 pamushandi pamunhu nokuda kwokurovedzwa kweruzivo rwemichina rwapamutemo, uye vashandi vanoverengeka vanoshanda muColumbus neCleveland vava varongi vakakodzera. Ikoku kunobvumira mitezo [1] zvikurukuru avo vanobva mumigariro yakaderera inobereka −to mikwidzo ye $2 000 (Z $2 000) pavashandi vebasa rokurovedza zvinhu zvemagetsi vakasununguka kurovedza vanhu muColumbus neCleveland.

Maraibhurari anobatiranawo nenzvimbo dzokushandira dzine cograda rekugamuchira marobhoti apachena. muNashville, gadziriro yeraibhurari yavose inotsigira mwedzi nomwedzi “Digal Mitoro yeEntrepreneurs” marusando pa “Nashville Coplace , nzvimbo inofukidza misoro inobva kukuzivisa kwemapepanhau enzanga kusvikira kuchengeteko. Vapindi vakawedzera kubva pa 20 kusvikira ku100 vavatori rutivi murusando rwechipiri.

Kubatanidza Coą Kushandira Kuwana Mabhandidhi

Indaneti inotenderwa iropa rinopa upenyu ravose munzvimbo ipi neipi yokushandira. Ichiziva izvi, nyika dzinoverengeka dzakabatanidza nzvimbo dzokushanda mugadziriro dzadzo dzokuwedzera dzakafara. “Guhu reMaine reCone Comparentrial Guide” rinopa mvumo kunzvimbo dzokushandira dzinobvumirana kubatira savanhu vose vakasununguka Wiàfi honotss for nharaunda dzakapoteredza. Nenzira yakafanana, “Maricale Texas inokatanurira kubatanidza intaneti yecocreac mun nharaunda dzokushandira dzine vagari vemo vasingasviki 50 000. Mudzodzo, govera maawa 20 pavhiki rimwe nerimwe okuwana pachena, kudzokorodza ganhurana kwemitengo yemafoni yavose yavagari veTexas.

Kuyera Kunoita: Kuongorora Mitemo Inoongororwa

Kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoshanda, hurumende dzinoda mibatanidzwa yakajeka. Zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvakashandisa zvinodikanwa zvokushuma nokuda kwenzvimbo dzokushanda dzinogamuchira mari yavose. Zviratidzo zvebasa zvinosanganisira:

  • Nhamba yamabhizimisi matsva anoumbwa nemitezo mukati menhambo yakarondedzerwa.
  • Kusikwa kwaJob [ mumakambani ari mitezo, ane kuputsika nemwero wemari inotambirwa uye nguva yakazara mukupesana nenguva inotevedzana ne66.
  • Nhamba dzenhamba [: chikamu chemitezo iri vakadzi, vanhu vane ruvara, vakaremara, kana kuti mari yakaderera.
  • [[FUUE] resue remoute: ukoshi hwezvibvumirano nokutengesa zvakavharwa nebatano dzinoitwa pachadenga.
  • Mwero inopukunyuka [ yemabhizimisi emitezo pashure pegore rimwe, matatu, uye shanu.

Fundo yakakwana ne International City/Combery Management Association yakahwirudzura nzvimbo 22 dzokushanda dzinotsigirwa kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzekubudirira kwemari dzomunzvimbomo ndokuwana kuti, paavhareji, $1, imwe neimwe yemari yavose yakawana $3,40 mumari itsva yomutero mukati mamakore mashanu. Kupfuurirazve, nzvimbo dziri munzvimbo dziri mumishanga misha inowanwa yakaderera zvikuru yakava netapuro yakakwirira zvikurusa, nemhaka yokuti yakakwezva mutengidzo wokunze uye yakaderedza mitengo yezvokutengeserana.

Fundo yeCase: “Mibato Yokuchinja” Inotanga yePittsburgh

Gadziriro yokuvandudza misha yePittsburgh inopa muenzaniso wakasimba wemiitiro inobatana. Guta racho, mukubatira pamwe neAllegheny Conference uye fandesheni dzinoverengeka dzavanhu, rakagadzira “Mabasa okuvandudza”. Rinogovera muvhenganiswa wemipiro, pasi pemabhirikiti, uye betsero yemibato yezvikwereti zviri muzvivako zvakambori maindasitiri. Muitiro unobatanidza“ kubetsera kwechibvumirano chemibatanidzwa kuti chengetedze 20% yemitezo yemitezo yavagari vemo veguta rePitgama rinounza manyuko eureji inokwana 50%. Mumakore ayo okutanga, Mabasa okugadzira mabasa okugadzira zvinhu akatsigira misha mitatu mikuru yemaindaneti. Imba iyi pamwe chete inoda mamirioni anopfuura $200 000 mudzimbahwe. Nzvimbo yezvokutengeserana yakaderera kubva pa 28% yeProtown yePrometerburgh kusvika ku 28%

Matambudziko Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Pasinei zvapo nokubudirira, mitemo yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo yenzvimbo dzokushandira inotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinokosha. Equity inoramba iri nhau inokosha: kurudziro dzakawanda dzezvemari dzinoyerera nenzira isingaenzaniswi kunzvimbo dzakapfuma, nzvimbo dzokushandira dzeguta, nepo misha yakaderera zvikuru nenharaunda dzomumaruwa zvisiiwa. Vagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kugadzira mapurogiramu nemipimo yakakwana, yakadai sokufambisa mari inopa mari inokwana panzvimbo dzinokwana mativi mana kana kuti nzvimbo.

Kuchengeteka ndeimwe itiro hanya. Indasitiri ikoku inobatira zvikuru uye ine dziviriro kukuderera kwemari. Apo mitezo inoderera(sezvakaita mukati mekumira kwe 2020) nzvimbo dzinobhadharwa zvinotamburira ruzhinji kuramba dzakazaruka. Kuderedza ikoku, mamwe maguta ari kubatanidza “mashoko okusashanda” mukupa zvibvumirano zvinobvumira vashandi kuderedza kurenda kwechinguvana kana kuti kuchinja kuva vamasangano anorevesa michina inoshatsa mukati menjodzi.

Kumuka kwebhuku remisanganiswa inomutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pezvikamu zvirefu zvokushanda zvinotsaurirwa zviri mucograda zvinopesana nokuderera kwenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa. Policies inokurudzira vanhu vane mitezo inochinjika (g., nguva inopfuura, kupisa kwezuva) uye magadzirirwo okutanga anogona kuva anokurira. Kuwedzerazve, kubatanidzwa kwevana, nzvimbo dzinovakwa zvakanaka, uye nzvimbo dzokushandira kunze kwesango zvinogona kuita kuti nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzive dzinokwezva zvikuru kuvagari vakawanda.

Pakupedzisira, kushandira pamwe kwehurumende kunokosha. Muitiro wokushanda unoshanda mudzimbahwe rehurumende ungakundikana mutaundi duku. Hurumende dzinogona kugovera mitemo yomuenzaniso nenhungamiro dzakanakisisa dzemashandiro, nepo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzichichengeta kuchinjika kuti dzichinjire. Chinzwano cheNational of Cities chakabudisa chishandiso icho matura mazhinji akashandiswa sepfundo rokutanga, kufukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva mumatepikitendi kusvikira kuzvibvumirano zvebatira pamwe chete zvapachena.

Mugumo: Mhosva Senzvimbo Dzinotangira Kubudirira Kwezvinhu

Hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo hazvisati zvichingogonesa bedzi nzvimbo dzinoshanda nedzitsva nedzinoparira zvinhu zvikuru. Zvikarakadzo zvemari zvakaderera mutengo wokutanga uye zvinokwezva vashambadzi kunzvimbo dzinochengetwa. Zvinjo dzokuchinja zvinovhura zvivako zvakanatswa uye kubatanidza coplace zvinoshandira munharaunda dzakasiyana- siyana. Ukama hwenyika hwemunhu oga hunobatanidza nharidzano dzavose nerokubudirira kwadzo dzoga, kugadzira nzvimbo dzinotsigirwa nemabasa. Uye kurovedza uye purogiramu dzemanyuko zvinoshandura zvikamu zvisina chinhu kuva michina yeunyanzvi [1]

Ufakazi hwakajeka: apo hurumende dzinoisa mukuita nokufunga mumhoteredzo dzinoshanda dzezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo, dzinoona kudzorwa kwakakwirira kwemabhizimisi, mwero yakaderera yenzvimbo dzebhizimisi, mari yemari yemitero yakawedzerwa, uye dzimbahwe renzanga rakasimba zvikuru. Sezvo rudzi rwebasa runopfuurira kushanduka, maguta uye anotaura kuti kuumba nenzira inoshanda kupfurikidza nesvomhu, mitemo isingachinjiki ichaitwa kuti ibudirire mukuvandudza upfumi. Nguva yemberi yebasa inochinjika, inobatira pamwe, uye nzanga inowirirana nechadenga ndiyo nheyo yakanaka inoita kuti kubvire.