Chitangaro: Chiono Chokukura Kusingaganhurirwi muIndia

Rwendo rwokukura rweIndia rwakarondedzerwa kwenguva refu nokuzvipira kukukura kwakapfuudza — nzira inovimbisa fambiro mberi yemari inoshandura kuva betsero dzinooneka nokuda kwomugari wemo mumwe nomumwe, zvikurukuru asina dziviriro zvikurusa. Mumakore gumi apfuura, hurumende yeIndia yakasuma nokukudza zvikwaniriso zvemapurogiramu egarikano anobetsera vanhu akagadzirirwa kuvhara misha, utano, dzidzo, dzidzo, uye kuwanikwa kwemari. Izvi zvirongwa hazvisi zvisi mamburewo hazvo enzanga; zvinovavariro dzenzanga, zvinovavarira kuderedza urombo, kupfumisa nzanga, uye kuita nzvimbo yezve upfumi. Nyaya inonzvera mapurogiramu makuru enzanga, denho, zvinetso, uye kukura kweramangwana reIndia.

Kurondedzera Kuwedzera Kunobatanidza Zvose: Kunopfuura GDP

Kukura kunobatanidza kunopfuura mwero yegamuchidzanwa yewedzero yemari. Nepo kukura kukuru kwemumba (GDP) kuchikosha, hakungoerekani kwaderedza kusaenzana kana kuti kuvandudza mipimo yokurarama nayo nokuda kwavose. Kuwedzera kwakapfuudzwa kunoreva kuparadzirwa kwemikana , kusvika kumabasa makuru, uye kuderera kwemisiyano mumatunhu, mapoka echiHindu, uye mari. MumaIndia, uku kunoreva kuvimbisa kuti varimi vomumaruwa, vagari vomumaguta, vakadzi, uye nzanga dzinoshaiwa betsero mumugariro wemari. Gadziro renzanga ndizvishandiso zvikuru izvo hurumende inoshandisa kupfurikidza nechiono ichi.

Gadziriro Huru Dzenzanga Dzinosunda Kukura Kunobatanidza Vari Vose

Mahatma Gandhi National Accounting Act (MGNREGA)

MGNREGA ndirimwe rebasa gurusa renyika rinovimbisa gadziriro. Inogovera mhuri iri yose yomumaruwa ine mitezo yakura inozvipira kuita basa remaoko risina unyanzvi neanenge mazuva ebasa 100 emari inoshanda mugore remari. Purogiramu haisati ichingogovera bedzi nzvimbo yokurarama nayo yenzanga asiwo inoparira zvinhu zvenzanga zvinogara zvakanaka zvakadai semigwagwa, madziva, uye nzizi dzokudiridza. Mukuwirirana nenhau, MGNREGA yakabetsera zvakananga mhuri dzine mamirioni 150 chifo chayo, kutamba basa guru mukugadziridza mari mumaruwa mukati memwaka okurima naparadziro ezvemari. Chirongwa chacho chakapa simbawo vakadzi, zvinoumba kupfuura 50% yemibato yebasa yeMGGARE, kusimudzira kuzvimirira kwemari.

2. Kuparadzira Vanhu (PDS)

PDS igadziriro hurusa yezvokudya muIndia, inoparadzira zvokudya zvakakachirirwa nekachipa-kaviri, mupunga, uye zviyo zvisina kushatiswa (kupfuura 800 mamirioni vanobatira pasi peNational Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013. Gadziriro inovimbisa kuti mhuri dzinowirirana dzinogamuchira zvisaririra pamitengo mikurusa (sese se 761-3 kg). PDS yave ichishandiswa mukuderedza nzara nokushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, zvikurukuru pakati pevarombo zvikuru. Kuchinja kwazvino uno uno uno unosarira, kubatanidza kutanga kwe Rudzi rumwe, Rumwe Rudzi [[FLT] [FLD:1], runobvumira vashandi vanotama kusvika nzvimbo yavo kupi nokupi nokupi nokupi nokupindwa kwemarisa. Puro yePa yezvokudya yakagoverwa nePirana yemia (Man]]

3. Pradhan Mantri Aas Yojana (PMAY)

Dzimba chinodikanwa chinokosha nokuda kwetsiga yenzanga nezvemari. PMY inoronga kugovera “ Kubetsera Vose” pa2022 (pashure pa202). Chirongwa chacho chinopa betsero yemari kuvaka kana kuti kuvandudza dzimba dzevarombo vomumaguta namaruwa. Pasi pePMAY-Urban, vagamuchiri vanotora nzvimbo dzinogamuchirwa kusvika 761.8 lakh yakavharwa nechikwereti chedzimba dzinobhadharika. PMY-Gramin (mugariro) inopa betsero yeboka ramataundi neromaruwa. Nepakati-20, anopfuura mamiriyoni 30 vakanga vatogamuchirwa, nedzimba dzakawanda dzatopedzwa. Purogiramu yakavandudzwa zvikuru nokuda kwezvipoteko zvadzo.

4. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Mibato Yakachena yeIndia)

Kuchenesa ikokuparira utano hwavanhu nechiremera. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, yakatanga muna 2014, ine chinangwa chokubvisa kubviswa kwetsvina nokuvandudza kutarisirwa kwetsvina yakasimba muIndia yomumaruwa nomumaguta. Basa racho rakasvika fambiro mberi inokosha muna 2019 apo rakazivisa nyika kuvhura deferation yakasununguka (ODF) pashure pokuvaka zvimbudzi zvemhuri zvine mamirioni 100. Kupfuura, nhimbedzo yana yakananga pakuchinja tsika kupfurikidza nenzanga. Kushata kwacho kwave kuri kukuru: fundo dzinoratidza kuderera kwehosha dzemanyoka, kupinda kwechikoro kwakavandudzwa nokuda kwavasikana, uye kuwedzerwa chengeteko nokuda kwavakadzi. Chikamu chechipiri (F.Shwatatistingssionat) chipfumbiso chinoshanda pakuchenesa tsvina, mato, mato anoshandiswa mumvura.

5. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

Kubatanidzwa mune zvemari chinodikanwa nokuda kwokutora rutivi mune zvemari. Kutangwa muna 2014, PMJDY ibasa renyika yose rinogovera kusvika kwose kunzvimbo dzokubhangi. Mugadziriro yacho, vanhu vane mari vanogamuchira bhengi remari rinochengetwa pasina chinodikanwa chemari, kadhi retsaona inovharwa kusvikira ku 062 lakh, uye nzvimbo inopfuudzwa kupfuura mwero yemabhangi . Sapa 2024, mamiriyoni 500 emari akavhurwa pasi pePMJY, achiunza mamiriyoni evanhu vakamboshaya mari inobhangiswa, vakadzi zvikurukuru uye vagari vomumaruwa vanokwanisa kutakura mari. Izvi zvakagonesa kubatsira kupfuudzwa zvakananga, kuderera, kuchene maakanwa, uye kuchengetedzwa.

6. Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)

Ndyiko dzezvoutano chisakiso chikuru chourombo uye kuva nechikwereti pakati pemhuri dzinowana mari shoma. Ayushman Bharat, gadziriro hurusa yeinishuwarenzi youtano munyika, inogovera malakh pamhuri pagore [[ nokuda kwezvipatara zvesespirite neredhipatimendis kunopfuura 500 miliyoni (inenge 40% yavagari veIndia). Chirongwa chacho chinofukidza migariro iripo uye chinopa kurapa kusina mari mubatanidzwa wezvipatara zvavose neyapamhiko. NePMS-JAY, hurumende yakabudisa 1.5.5 Health Health Health Centeres neWell Centers (HWC) kuti ipective recureal outy. Iyi nzira inoparechikachika chazvo varwere chemari pachipatara chinopiwa kurapa chavose.

7. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISITAN)

Kurima kunotsigira inenge hafu yavashandi veIndia, bva varimi vanowanzotarisana nemari inotambirwa. PM-KISANA chirongwa chokutamisirwa chakananga chinogovera mhuri dzepurazi dzine mamiriyoni 120. Kutakurwa kwemari kunobetsera kurima, mari inodzorwa nemari yemari, mari yemari inovakwa, mari yepurazi, uye inoderedza kutambudzika. Purogiramu yacho inoshandisa Aadhaar mari inobhadharwa kusvika ku2 mativi maviri epaji (pachikamu) uye PM-KISANTAN yezvi muganhu. Chirongwa chacho chinotangwa muna 2019, zvino zvinofukidza mhuri dzevara.

8. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

Entrepreneurship injini ine simba nokuda kwokukura kwaizere, zvikurukuru nokuda kwaavo vanoshaiwa nhau yewirirano kana kuti yechikwereti. PMY Inogovera zvikwereti zvokukwira ku 7610 lakh kusinorporate, zvisati zviri zvitsauko zvamafarm/micro mumapoka matatu: Shishu (kusvikira ku 7650 000), Kishor (76,001-95 lakh), uye Tarun (76,00,0011-10). Saurenguro revo ya 2023, kupfuura 40 revorance yakanga yatambanurwa, negoverano inokosha kuvakadzi, Shomass, Shomatedvonite, uye mamwe maBhotalve, uye mamwe madhikime. Chirongwa chakazvirongwa chakazvidzosaidzosa (55,00,00,00-10-10) zvikurukuru munharaunda dzokumaruwa.

Kuyera Tapuro Yacho: Fambiro Mberi Nezviitwa

Mugumisiro unowedzerwa weidzi gadziriro dzegarikano unooneka muzviratidziro zvekukura zveIndia. Mwero weurombo hwemaMuldiform waderera zvikuru: mukuwirirana nomushumo 2023 NITI Ayagog, mamirioni 135 eIndia akapukunyuka urombo pakati pa 2015-16-2019-2019-1. Mwero wevurombo hwenyika (hunobva paMiltdimenion Urombo Index) wakaderera kubva ku 24.85% kusvikira ku 14.96%. Mipiro mikuru yakabva mukuvandudzwa kwezvokudya, makore okudzidza, utsanana, uye kusvika kunzvimbo dzemabhangi dzakadzorwa zvakananga nepurogiramu dzinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa.

MGNREGA yakagovera nguva dzose mabasa kumhuri dzinopfuura mamirioni 50 gore negore, nokutora rutivi kwavakadzi kuchikwira kusvika ku 55% mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Kufutunurwa kwePDS kwakakudziridzwa muNFSA, uye kushandiswa kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu (zvinoumba michina, kusimbisa kwemichina) kwakaderedza kudzura. PMAY yakaunza mamiriyoni emhuri mudzimba dzakachengeteka, izvo zvakavandudza migumisiro youtano nedzidzo yavana. Jan Dhan akarerutsira kuchinjwa kweanopfuura 93.5.5 rarboraro mubetsero dzakananga, kubvisa misara yemibatanidzwa yemitengo yemiteve.

Mitumbi yamarudzi ose yakadai se World Bank ne UNDP yakaziva gadziriro yedziviriro yenzanga yeIndia serimwe ramarudzi ari kusimukira. World Bank’s Urombo hwazvino uno uye Mushumo weHubudiriro unodudza kuti kuderera kwourombo hweIndia kwave kuchikurumidza kupfuura upfumi hwamazera, nemhaka yomwero mukuru wekupindira kwegarikano.

Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichiitika: Misiyano Nemitsipa Yemabhotoro

Pasinei nokubudirira uku, mapurogiramu enzanga eIndia anosangana nematambudziko akawanda anoatadzisa kuita zvakawanda:

Uori Nekubiridzira

Nepo kuchinjwa kwemichina nebetsero yakananga (DBT) kwaderedza kudzura, ushati hunoramba huri itiro hanya muzvirongwa zvinobatanidza gadziriro dzokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kana kuti kutenderwa kwouchenjeri. Vatevedzeri veMweya, mapepa akazara muMGNREGA, uye kudzorwa kwezviyo zviduku zvakagadzirwa muPDS zvakashumwa mune dzimwe nyika. Sirvier anonyunyuta maractresses uye madhoro ekunze anodikanwa.

Kusakwana Kwemari Nokuvhara

Zvirongwa zvakawanda hazvidiwi. Somuenzaniso, kudikanwa kwebasa reMGNREGA kazhinji kazhinji kunopfuura bhajeti yakagoverwa, kuchitungamirira kukugoverwa kwebasa. PMS-KIS inofukidza bedzi avo vane mahekita maviri, ichisiya vashandi vazhinji vasina minda vasingatsigiri. Chinjo kuDBT yakaparirawo zvikanganiso kana kusainwa kwembeu kwembeu kweAadhaar kusingakwaniswi kana kuti bhakitimendi inokundikana nemhaka yenhau dzeneww.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu uye Kuvhiringidzwa Kwezviwanikwa Zvevanhu

Kuitwa kunoshanda kunoda mahrobhuti akasimba anoshandiswa neInternet, nzvimbo dzoutano dzakasanoshongedzerwa, zvivako zvezvikoro, uye vashandi vakarovedzwa. Munharaunda dziri kure nedzine rwisano, idzi zvinhu zvinokosha kazhinji kazhinji hazvipo. Nhamba yakaganhurirwa yavashandi vapamberi penzvimbo (ASHE, vaangwedi vanoshanda) uye basa ravo rakawandisa neremikoro yakaderera zvinotapura kufambiswa kwebasa.

Kuoma Kwemamiriro Okunze Nemamiriro Ezvemari

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze nenzira isingaenzaniswi inotapura mibayiro yakaderera, inotyisidzira yokurima yeIndia, kuwanika kwemvura, uye kugadzikana kwedzimba. Gamuchidzano dziripo kazhinji kazhinji hadzina kugadzirirwa kupindura kukatyamadza kwemamiriro okunze kana kuti zvinodikanwa zvenguva refu. Nenzira yakafanana, kuderera kwemari kunowedzera kudikanwa kwedziviriro yenzanga sezvibvumirano zvomuchadenga.

Mapoka Akasiyana - siyana Akagadzirwa

Nepo mapurogiramu akawanda achinanga vakadzi, chiStepped Castes, uye Chikamu cheSadProm, mativi echikadzi nemapoka echiHindu anopfuurira mumigumisiro chaiyoiyo. Vakadzi vanoramba vachimiririrwa mumabasa eMGNREGA uye kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nerusaruro. Nzanga dzeDalit neAdivasi dzingasangana nemipini yenzanga mukuwana tarisiro yezvoutano, dzimba, uye chikwereti. Kupindira kwapamubatanidzwa negadziriro yenzanga zvinogona kubetsera kuvhara iyi miganhu.

Chiono Chenguva Yemberi: Kusimbisa Mubatanidzwa Wenzanga

Hurumende yeIndia yakaratidza chinangwa chayo chokuchinja mapurogiramu enzanga kuti ave masangano akafanana, anobva mugumisiro, uye anoshandiswa neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Zvikamu zvikuru zvezvirongwa zvinosanganisira:

Kushandiswa Kukuru Kwemashoko Nezvinonhuwirira

Kutanga kwakafanana ne Soconomic Caste Census (SEC) naAadhaar zvinogonesa kuzivikanwa kwavanoshuviwa nokutarisirwa chaikoiko kwenguva yepurogiramu. Hurumende Direct Benefit Transve transferection [[FLT] platifomu] yakatoponesa pa2.7 lakhrro kupfurikidza nokubvisa zvinopinzwa nezvinonyengera zvinobatira. Nhambuko dzenguva yemberi dzichawedzera kushandiswa kwokudeya kutaura kuti zviderengwe nokudzivisa njodzi.

Mabasa Anokosha Munyika Yose

Murangariro we wemibato mikuru yavose [UBS] [UBS]] (UBS)-inogovera kusvika kuutano hwakanaka, dzidzo, pokugara, zvokudya, uye mattudiation (iri kuwana transmition). Dzimwe nyika dziri kufambisa kutsiviwa kwemari pamwe chete nemienzaniso yokupinda munyika yose. Pamwero wenyika yose, kukura kweAyushman Bharat uye kusundwa kwe 100% yevaration, mvura inopaipirwa, uye kukwidza mumusha wose kunoratidzira iyi nzira.

Kubudirira Kwegirini Nokuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze

Kubatanidza garikano nokuchengeteka kwemhoteredzo chinhu chinokura. MGNREGA inotobatanidza mabasa okudzora mashandisirwo ezvisakiso (kucheka mvura, kurima miti). Maruva enguva yemberi angabatanidza mararamiro enzvimbo nenzvimbo, zvakadai sokudiridza zuva, kudzivirira mvura, uye unyanzvi nokuda kwemabasa oruvara. MPM Jan Dhonga na PMY

Kuregeredzwa uye Kuzvidavirira Kwomunzvimbomo

Kuitwa kunoshanda kunotsamira pakubatanidzwa kwemasangano omunzvimbomo(_panchayat), masangano emomu, uye masangano enzanga. Kusimbisa simba rawo, kuvimbisa kufambiswa kwemari panguva yakafanira, uye kugonesa kunzvera kwavagari vemo (kunzvera kwenzanga) kuchawedzera kuzvidavirira. Hurumende yakawedzera kushandiswa kwekunzvera kwenzanga pasi peMGREGA uye iri kutambanudzira zvishoma nezvishoma muitiro kuzvimwe zvirongwa.

Mugumo: KuIndia Inosasarura

Gadziriro dzenzanga dzenzanga dzeIndia dzinoda chinzvimbo hadzisi dziviriro chete rutava rwakachengeteka chete.

Bva rwendo rwacho ruchiri kure nokupedzisa. Chikamu chinotevera chokukura kwakazara chinoda kunangana nedenho dzinopfuurira nemukuvandudza, perero, uye purofiti. Kupfurikidza noruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kubatanidza zvigadzikiso zvemamiriro okunze, uye kuisa zvisina dziviriro zvikurusa pamavambo egadziriro yemiitiro, India inogona kupfuurira kugadza muenzaniso wenyika yose wokuti rudzi rukuru, rwakasiana - siana runogona sei kuwana budiriro isingasiyi munhu. Chinjo dzinopfuurira nenhano itsva, zvinotsigirwa nechido chakasimba chezvamatongerwe enyika nechinodikanwa chavose, zvinogovera nzira inovimbisa kunzira inoenda kunguva yemberi yechokwadi.