Uori muhurumende inhau yakapararira uye inoshatisa zvikuru inoderedza masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, inoderedza chivimbo chavanhu, uye inodzivisa kukura kwemari. Inobvisa zviwanikwa zvavose pamabasa anokosha, inoshatisa zvisarudzo zvemiitiro, uye inoodza bhizimisi rokumwe neromumba. Mumhinduro, nhano dzokuona zvinhu dzakaoneka dzakabuda senzira ine simba uye inotsigirwa zvikuru yokukurira chinetso ichi kupfurikidza nokusimudzira kusununguka, kuzvidavirira, uye kuvimbisana kune revo. Nyaya ino inonzvera kuti matanho okuoneka nemaziso anogona sei kuderedza uori nenzira inobudirira muhurumende, kunzvera nzira dzadzinoshandira nadzo, mienzaniso chaiyo yesimba ravo, zvinetso zvavanotarisana nazvo, uye nzira dzokuwedzera nadzo kubudirira.

Kunzwisisa Uori Nezvingakonzerwa Nemararamiro Ahwo

Uori hahusi chinhu chinongoitika bedzi; hunooneka mumhatsa yezvimiro, chimwe nechimwe chine simba racho chimene nemiuyo. Kugadzira matanho okuona nako kunobudirira, kunokosha kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana- siyana ouori nemamiriro ezvinhu ahwo anoagonesa kubudirira. Zvimiro zvinobatanidza chiokomuhomwe, shambadzo, nepotom, utsotsi, paratige, uye tatet]tatestate, umo fariro dzapachivande dzinoshandisa pesvedzero isakafanira pachisiko nemiraudzo.

Marudzi Ouori Nezvahunoita

  • [ : Chipo, kupa, kugamuchira, kana kuti kukumbira chimwe chinhu chinokosha kupesvedzera zviito zvemutungamiriri wehurumende. Inoshatisa misika, inowedzera mutengo wokuita bhizimisi, uye inotungamirira kuzvinhu zvisina kutsarukana.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kubiwa kwemari inoiswa muchivimbo chomunhu kana kuti kuva wewaunoshandira. Muhurumende, ikoku kunowanzobatanidza kudzorwa kwemari yavose nevakuru vakuru, kunyima zvakananga vagari vemo pfuma yaiitirwa dzidzo, tarisiro youtano, kana kuti zvivako zvemari.
  • [ Chipo neCronyism:[ rusaruro runopiwa nehama dzokunyama kana kuti shamwari naavo vari musimba. Ikoku kunotungamirira kukugadzwa kusina kukodzera mumahofisi avose uye kusimudzira tsika yekodzero panzvimbo pokukodzera.
  • [ Fraud: Unyengeri hwakaipa kana kuti hweutsotsi hunoitirwa kuti hugume nemhindu yemari kana kuti yomunhu oga. Ikoku kunogona kubva pakunyepera magwaro okuwana kusvikira kukuwanira mari mapepa matsva.
  • Kubudiswa: vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoraira muripo kuvagari vemo kana kuti mabhizimisi nokuda kwemabasa avane maruramiro apamutemo okugamuchira, zvakadai semvumo kana kuti marezenisi.

Ndyiko dzenzanga dzeuori dzakakura. Mukuwirirana neupfumi, inoderedza kukura uye kuwedzera kwekusaenzana, sezvo varombo zvikurusa vachiwanzova vanotapurwa zvikurusa nokuda kwepfumbamuromo kana kuti kusiiwa pasina mabasa. Zvezvamatongerwe enyika, zvinoshatisa kuva pamutemo kwehurumende, zvinoparira kuparadzwa kwavanhu, uye zvinogona kuvhiringidza nzanga. Maererano neWorld Bank, uori ndichimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikuru mukukura, uye Transparency International Reconst Perceptions Index nguva dzose zvinoratidza kubatana kwakasimba pakati pouori hwakakwirira nemipimo yokurarama.

Hwaro Hwokuratidzira Sechishandiso Chokurwisa Uori

Kuona chitarisiko kunoshanda papfungwa yakapfava asi ine simba: kunzvera kunodzora kusazvibata. Apo zviito nechisarudzo zvehurumende zvinooneka uye zvinonzwisisika kuvagari vemo, mutengo wokupinda mumufambiro wakashata unowedzera. Iyi nheyo yakavakirwa murondedzero dze principal [urongwa hwechiNgezi], , apo vagari vemo (vamiripo) vanotumira simba kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende (vamiripo). Mashoko anobvumira vakuru kurwisana nefariro yavose. Transparection inoderedza uhuhuhwanano iyi, hunogonesa kutarisira nokuzvidavirira.

Uyezve, kuoneka kunotsigira mutemo kupfurikidza nokukuita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuona kuputswa nokuita kuti vapari vemhosva vapiwe mhosva. Kunosimudzirawo tsika dzeperero kupfurikidza nokugadza tsika dzokuva pachena. Traxation International [ inotsinhira, uori hunowanda mukuvandika, uye mushonga wacho ichiedza.

Michina Inokosha Inorwisa Uori

Kuedza kuona zviri pachena kwakasiyana - siyana, kuvambira pagadziriro dzapamutemo kusvikira kuzvishandiso zveruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Pasi apa pane dzimwe dzegadziriro dzinotapura zvikurusa dzinogona kugamuchira.

Kutanga Kuziva Mashoko

Nhanhano dzemikoto dzinobatanidza kuita kuti mashoko ehurumende awanike, asvike, uye ashandiswe nevoruzhinji. Ikoku kunobatanidza mapepa ebhajeti, mapepa emari, mapepa okushandisa, manyuko avose, uye mibatanidzwa yebasa. Apo vagari vemo nemharadzi dzinozvimirira vanogona kukopa nokunzvera mashoko aya, vanogona kuziva maatomaliation, manyuko ezvinyorwa zvemirayiridzo, uye tsanangudzo dzinoda. Somuenzaniso, Pura Contractivating Completertution inosimudzira mashoko akazaruka mumitengo yavose, nzvimbo yakanyanya kushatiswa nouori, kupfurikidza nokubudisa mataro ose egadziriro yokuwana.

Kusvikwa Kumitemo Yemashoko

Access kumashoko (ATAI) mitemo, inozivikanwawo serusununguko rwemashoko, inopa vagari vemo kodzero yokukumbira nokugamuchira mashoko kubva kumasangano ehurumende. Mitemo iyi inokosha kusimudzira kuoneka nemhaka yokuti vanochinja mutoro wokururamisa: vakuru vakuru vanofanira kutsanangura chikonzero nei mashoko achifanira kunyimwa, panzvimbo pevagari vomunyika kuti vapembedze chikonzero nei vaada. Nyika 130 dzakagamuchira chimiro chakati chemitemo yeATI, uye kuongorora kunoratidza kuti vakabatana nemitezo inorangarirwa kuva yakaderera youori apo inoshandisirwa zvinobudirira.

Kudzivirira Michina Yemajoini

Varwi vanowanzova mutoo wokutanga wedziviriro mukurwisana nouori, bva vanotarisana nenjodzi huru dzomunhu oga nedzebasa. Mitemo yokudzivirira nesimba yeridzo nerivaro, dziviriro pakutsiva, uye tuso nokuda kwokushuma kuti “kurudzira michina yechakaipa. CD [[FLT] yakagadzira nheyo dzokutungamirira hurumende mukuita mikoto yokushuma yakachengeteka.

Sattimedic Declaration Systems

Kuziviswa pachena kwezvinhu, mari, uye zvikwereti zvinoitwa navakuru vakuru vehurumende zvinobetsera kuwana kupfuma kwakaipa nerwisano dzefariro. Kana zvikabatanidzwa nemiitiro yokusimbisa nokudzikamisa, zviziviso zvezvinhu zvinoparira kudzivisa kune simba. Nyika dzakadai se Georgia uye ArGETINA[ dzakashandisa gadziriro dzemagetsi kuvandudza kuwirirana nokupinda kwavose.

Kubatanidzwa Kwomugari Wemo Nokushandisa Mari

Kuona chitarisiko hakusati kuri bedzi pamusoro pokugovera mashoko; kuriwo pamusoro pokugonesa vagari vemo kutora rutivi. Kubatanidzwa kwemari, somuenzaniso, kunobvumira vagari vemo kusarudza zvakananga nzira yokugovera nayo chikamu chemari yavose. Uyu muitiro unowedzera kujeka nokuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuita kuti gadziriro yebhajeti ive inooneka zvikuru uye iwirirane nenzvimbo yevagari vemo. Horo dzeguta, kubvunza kwapachena, uye matare anotarisira idzimwe nzira dzokubatanidza vanhu muchisarudzo chokutonga.

Kuronga uye Masangano Edhigirii

Kushandiswa kwemichina yezvirongwa zvehurumende kunoderedza mikana yokushata nouori nokuderedza kufambidzana kwechiso nechiso, mabasa okuvhiya, uye kuchengetedza nzira yokuongorora. Kugadzira mitero, kuisa mitero paIndaneti, uye makombiyuta ebvumiro anoita kuti nyika dzive nezvinooneka, zvakasiana nemitemo zvakaoma kudzora. United Nations E-Goverment Survice[ nguva dzose inowana kuti nyika dzine mipimo mikuru yekubudirira kwehurumende inoita kuti ive nemiteve mipimo yakaderera yeuori.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvokutanga Kuona Mavanga Akanaka

Nyika dzinoverengeka nenharaunda dzakaratidzira kuti nhano dzokuona dzakasanorongwa dzinogona kutungamirira kukuderedzwa kusingatapurwi kwouori, kazhinji kazhinji kuchichinja tarisiro yavose mumuitiro wacho.

Estonia: Kuona mamiriro okunze nemagetsi sebasa renyika

Estonia inozivikanwa zvikuru somutungamiriri wenyika yose mumibatanidzwa yokutonga. Pashure pokuzvimirira kwayo, nyika yakapinzwa zvikuru mugadziriro yehurumende inobvumira vagari vemo kuwana anenge mabasa ose avose paIndaneti. X-Road[ sisitemu inobatanidza zvakanaka manyuko ehurumende, nepo vagari vemo vanogona kuona kuti anenge awana mashoko avo, avimbisa kuzvidavirira. Mwero uyu mukuru wokuoneka wakanzi wakaderedza uori kupfurikidza nokubvisa kufambidzana kwevanhu mumabasa enguva dzose. Estonia iri pakati penyika dzine uorisha munyika dzakavakwa.

Mexico: Simba Rokuwana Mashoko

Dare rekuoneka ra2015 reMexico (richiisa mutemo wokuona wapakuvamba 2002) rakatanga gadziriro yokuona zvakanaka yenyika. Rinoraira kuti kubudiswa kwemashoko ehurumende kuitike uye rinopa vagari vemo kodzero yakasimba yokukumbira mashoko. Mutemo wakasika dare rakasununguka, INAII, rakaitwa basa nokunyoresa kutevedzerwa. Kunyange zvazvo kunzvera kuchinei, unoratidza kuti mutemo wakawedzera mashoko uye wakabetsera kufumura uori, zvakadai se “Casa Blanca yakakurumbira inobatanidza mhuri yapurezidhendi. Mutemo wakapa vatori venhau uye vanhu simba rokuchera mari yakadzika zvikuru yehurumende.

Georgia: Uori Hwakapararira Kubva Pakuva Muenzaniso Womunharaunda

Pashure peRose Revolution ya2003, Georgia yakatanga kuchinja zvinhu zvinorwisa uori zvakakura, ichiratidza kuti zvaikosha. Hurumende yakatanga danho rehurumende rakakwana, yakaita kuti bhizimisi risave nechinhu chakareruka, uye yakatanga mutemo wekuti chiokomuhomwe chisadzore. Mapurisa emotokari akatsiviwa nemakamera akagadzirwa nevhidhiyo yakavharwa, uye mabasa avose akadzokororwa. Mumakore gumi, Georgia yakachinjwa kubva kune imwe yenyika dzakashata zvikuru kuva muenzaniso unorwisana neuoriji, nenzvimbo yayo paUorivhi - rePecectureoctes Indexs Index yakakwira zvinoshamisa.

Brazil: Lei de Acesso à Informação uye Kugadziridzwa Kwezvirongwa Zvoruzhinji

Brazil’s Access to Information Law (2011) akapa vagari vemo kodzero yokukumbira mashoko kubva kunzvimbo ipi neipi yehurumende. Yakabatanidzwa neboka renyika rakashinga ramabasa okusasarura (Lava Jato), kuoneka pachena mukuwanikwa kwavanhu kwakaita basa guru mukufumura uori hukuru paPetrobras. Kushandiswa kwemashoko akazarurwa pazvibvumirano zvehurumende kwakabvumira vaongorori kuwana zvikanganiso mukukwidza nokukwidza zvirongwa zvemichina yesimbi, zvichitungamirira kukukwidziridzwa kwavakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende nevakuru vebhizimisi.

Zvinetso Zvokushandisa Zvinobudirira Vanotanga Kuona Mavara

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzakajeka, kuronga kuona hakusi chibayiso chesirivha.

  • Kudzivisa kweProto apo neapo: Vakuru vakuru vanobetserwa nokusafara kuva vanodzivisa nokushingaira mwero wokuona, vanonetesa kudzikamisa, kana kuti vanoita mabudiro. Pasina kuda kwakasimba kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kunyange mitemo yakasanosaidzwa inoramba isingamanikidzirwa.
  • Mari yezviwanikwa namano ounyanzvi: Kubatanidza masuo emashoko akazaruka, gadziriro dzezvikumbiro zvemashoko, uye zvikuva zvemichina zvinoda bhizimisi remari, vashandi vane unyanzvi, uye zvinhu zvakasimba. Hurumende zhinji, zvikurukuru munyika dzichiri kubudirira, dzinotarisana neganhuriro dzakakomba.
  • Ruvara rwamashoko rwakakwana: Mashoko okusunungura haana kukwana; anofanira kuva akakodzera nguva, anofadza, uye anooneka. Mashoko akarongwa kana kuti asina kukwana anogona kuvhara panzvimbo pokuzivisa mashoko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kushandisa mazai nokuzvimirira kwokutonga: Kuona chitarisiko kunoderedza bedzi ushati kana kuratidzwa kusazvibata kurangwa chaizvoizvo. Vatongi vasina simba, kupindira kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye masangano anotarisira asina kukwana zvinogona kubvumira uori kupfuurira pasinei zvapo nokuratidzirwa.
  • Kurerutsa nokusadzidza kwakaderera: Kunyange apo mashoko anowanika, vagari vemo vangashaiwa nguva, unyanzvi, kana kuti sundo yokuita nayo. Kutora rutivi kune revo kunoda kudzidza zvemichina, dzidzo yehurumende, uye kurukurirano inosvikika.
  • Kudzokera shure nokuchinja: Mune dzimwe nyika, kubuda kwokutanga kwokuoneka kwakadzorwa nehurumende dzinotevera, sezvinoonwa muHungary neTurkey, umo rusununguko rwemitemo yemashoko rwakaneteswa.
  • Kuwandisa kwemashoko nokushandisa zvisina kufanira: Mazita akawanda pasina kunyorwa zvakajeka anogona kukurira vagari vemo. Uyezve, kuoneka kunogona kuitirwa zvombo nokuda kwedenho dzezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti kutyisidzira vakuru vakuru, kuchitungamirira kuicho nyanzvi dzinodana kuti “tapuro inotyisa.”

Zvirongwa Zvokuita Kuti Kuona Zvakanaka Kubudirire

Kuti dziwedzere simba rokuona nokuoneka pakuderedza uori, hurumende nenzanga yevanhu vanofanira kushandisa mazano okutsigirana.

Vaka Mibato Yapamutemo Yakasimba Nemichina Yokushandisa

Mitemo yokuona bhabhadharika inofanira kubatanidza gadziriro dzokuzivisa, utariri hwakazvimirira, zvirango nokuda kwemiitiro yokukumbira. Open Government Partyship inogovera nzvimbo yokuti nyika dziite basa kukuchinja kusingachinji uye kugoverana miitiro yakanakisisa.

Kuchengetedza Mari Muruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu uye Kugadzira Zvinhu Nemagetsi

Zvikuva zveshamwari zvinobvumira vagari vemo kutsvaka, kugadzira masefa, uye kukopa mashoko zvinokosha. Zvishandiso zvokugadzira zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira kuongorora mashoko makuru kuti zvione uori. Makombiyuta eEstonia anoratidza kuti makombiyuta anogona sei kuita kuti vanhu vaone zvinhu nenzira yakasiyana - siyana.

Kusimudzira Dzidzo Yemipumburu Nokungwarira Vanhu

Vagari vanofanira kuziva maruramiro avo uye nzira yokuashandisa nayo. Zvikoro, zvinobudisa nhau, uye masangano enzanga anogona kuita basa mukudzidzisa vanhu nzira yokushandisa nayo mashoko akazaruka, zvikumbiro zvemashoko efaira, uye kutora rutivi muutarisiri. Zvirongwa zvakadai se Transpancy International’s Advocacy and Legin Application Centres[[[FLT: 1]] zvinobetsera vagari vemo kuti vafambi vafambi vafambi vadzore gadziriro.

Dziviriro Nesimba reNhume

Vatori venhau, vanofeyafeta, mapoka enzanga, uye vapfuri verimba vanoita savarevedzi vanoshandura mashoko asina kugadzirwa kuva mashoko anoshanda. Kudzivirira ava vatambi pakunetswa, sutu dzokuzvidza, uye masimba masimba zvakakomba. yamuro yapamutemo nemwero dzechengeteko nokuda kwavapfuri veridzo zvinofanira kuiswa panzvimbo yokutanga.

Kunzwisisa Zvimwe Zvitendero

Kuona chitarisiko kunoshanda zvakanakisisa kana kwabatanidzwa nemiitiro yokuzvidavirira: dare redare rakasununguka, mapepanhau akasununguka, uye masangano anotarisira akasimba. Kunofanira kuva rutivi rwechikamu chinobatanidza rovedzo yetsika nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vehurumende, mirau inorwisana zvikurusa, uye masangano anonzvera anobudirira.

Iva Nechokwadi Chokukurukurirana Kunogutsa

Mashoko anofanira kupiwa mumitauro yakawanda nemaforecha, kusanganisira kufungidzira, kupfupikisa, uye mafoni eshamwari, kuti zvisvike vateereri vakasiyana - siyana. Miitiro yokubatanidzwa inofanira kuva yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza mapoka ane michero.

mhedziso

Nhano dzokuratidzira dzinomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvinovimbisa zvikurusa mukurwisana kwehurumende munyika yose. Kupfurikidza nokujekesa mabasa ehurumende, dzinogonesa vagari vemo kuparira vatungamiriri vavo kuzvidavirira, kudzivisa mashandiro akaipa, uye kusimudzira tsika dzeperero. Ufakazi hunobva kunyika dzakadai seEstonia, Mexico, uye Georgia hunoratidzira kuti apo chiedza chinoitwa zvinobudirira nemitemo yakasimba, ruzivo, uye kubatanidzwa kwehurumende kungaparira kuderera kukuru muushati uye kufambiswa zvakanaka mukutonga.

Zvisinei, kuoneka hakusi mushonga. Rubudiriro rwazvo runotsamira pamhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika inotsigira, zviwanikwa zvakakwana, uye kutora rutivi kwokushingaira kwavagari vemo. Nhano dzokuona kunofanira kurondwa sorutivi rwenzira huru yokudzivisa uori inobatanidza kudzikamisa, kuzvimirira kwokutonga, uye dziviriro yamaruramiro avanhu. Munhambo umo chivimbo chavose mumasangano chiri kuderera, kuisa mukuona pachena hakusati kuri chisarudzo chomuitiro chete chemiitiro chejerecha.