Hwaro Hwokupora Kwemvura Mumataundi

Mitemo yemvura yomumaguta iri pakati pezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zveguta zvinogona kukwevera kudzorera mhoteredzo yezvipenyu zvomunzvimbomo. Sezvo nzvimbo dzomumaguta dzinofutunuka, kutarisirwa kwemvura yemadutu, mvura inoraswa, uye mvura yokunwa zvinosarudza zvakananga kana nzizi dzichiva nzvimbo dzinochengeteka kana kuti dzakafa, kana nzvimbo dzinopisa dzemahombekombe dzichipukunyuka kana kuti dzichinyangarika, uye kana zvitsuwa zvemvura zvinopisa zviri kuwedzera kana kuti zvikapera. Mitemo yemvura inoshanda zvakanaka inoita kuti mafashamo uye kurapa tsvina — zvinochinja zvikuru kukuvadzwa kwemhoteredzo yezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo. Nokuronga mitevedzero, uye zvirongwa zvomunzanga zvine mibato, maguta anogona kuchinja nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzezvibereko nokuda kwezvo kutakura mucheto, shiri, shiri, uye miti yemaruwa. Nyaya inoongorora kuti mitoo yokufambira mberi yokugadzira mvura inovaka maguta zviri mumaguta inokurudzira kugadziriswa kugadziriswa kwemhoteredzo yapasi pasi pasi pasi pose.

Basa Rakakura Rokutarisira Mvura Mumaguta Muutano Hwezvinyama

Kugara mumaruwa kunochinja zvikuru kutenderera kwemvura. Nzvimbo dzinoita semigwagwa, matenga, uye nzvimbo dzokupaka mvura dzinodzivisa mvura kunyura muvhu. Panzvimbo pezvo, kubudisa mvura inoyerera mumvura mumvura dzinopisa, kutakura zvinosvibisa — mafuta emotokari, simbi dzinorema, fetirasi, uye tsvina yemhuka — zvakananga munzizi, nyanza, uye mvura yomumhenderekedzo dzegungwa. iyi [mvura inotsvedza] hydhyhyy [[ inobvisa mikova, inokweva michetura yenzvimbo dzinogara mvura, uye inobudisa kushatiswa kunouraya marudzi anonzwa. Panguva inotevesaririra, miitiro yetsvina mumaguta akwegura inogona kufasha mukati mvura, kubudisa mvura isingaraswiswi. Kushasiro inoshatiswa inoparadza, kuforororomanyurwa kumika kutsigira upfumi hwemarudzi akasiyana - zvisikwa.

Asi kutarisirwa kwemvura mumaguta hakuparadzi muzvarirwo. Apo mitemo inobviswa kubva pa “chibvumirano ndokurasa” ku [[FLT:]]“ kuchengeta nokudzorera,” maguta anova vatariri panzvimbo pevavengi vechisiko. Somuenzaniso, kunoda kuti zvinoitika zvitsva zvidzore mvura yose panzvimbo dzinonaya mvura inoshandisa matebhuro kana kuti kucheka mvura yemvura zvinogona kutevedzera kugadzirwa kwemvura inotsvedzerwa. Policies inoraira kuputsa nzvimbo dzinovigira kumusoro chako, inobvumira miti kunyudzwa kuti ibve pahova nehova dzemicheto. Uye apo matsvina emvura anoshatswa kuti abvise mabodhoro, maruva akafa emvura anoshati adzokerwa zvinoshamisa. — Marunga anosha matsva

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) inofungidzira kuti mutengo wezvigadzikiso zvemvura yomumaguta unosvika kumamirioni emadhora gore negore apo kushata kwehove, kuchenesa mvura, uye dziviriro yamafashamo zvinonyorwa nokuda kwe [chikonzero] . Nenzira inopesana, kuisa muchisiko zvigadzikiso zvemvura zvinogona kuparira kudzokerwa kwekashanu kusvikira ku 15 kachitsamatso chokutanga kupfurikidza nokukuvadzwa nokunatsatsa upenyu.

Kubatana Kwemvura Nemvura Pakati Pemitemo Netsika

Tsitsi rimwe nerimwe remvura rinowira paguta ibanza. Kana rikadzorwa zvisina kunaka, rinova muvhiyi. Kana rikadzorwa nokuchenjera, rinodzosera mvura pasi, rinochengeta rwizi runoyerera, uye rinotsigira miti yemunyu. Mitemo yemvura yomuUrn iyo inogadza fambiro yepasi yemvura inodzika [ uye [FLT] uye [FLT] mvura inonayanga yakatsveyama iri pamusoro pemvura [[[FLTY:3]] inodzorera zvakananga migariro yemuviri nemakemikoro izvo upenyu hwemvura hunoda. Somuenzaniso, mitemo inoda kuti panzvimbo dzinopaka motokari dzideredze kudzika uye tsvina isati yasvika mumahova. Nenzira yakafanana, mirayiro inodzivirira kuti mvura yemusoro ibude painenge iri mubhobhoro inoviti kana kuti ichengetedzere hove dzinoda dzinoda.

Mitemo Yetsika Huru Yokugadziridza Ecosystem

Kugadziridza mhoteredzo kunobudirira kupfurikidza negadziriro yemvura yomumaguta hakuiti netsaona.

Masangano Ane Chokuita Nezvinhu Zvakatipoteredza

Nheyo dzemaoresi dzinonongedzera kugadziriro ipi neipi inoshandisa miriwo, ivhu, uye miitiro yomusikirwo kudzora mvura painowira. Ikoku kunobatanidza mapindu anonaya mvura, bioswales, matenga akasvibira, mativi azere namabwe, mativi akarongwa, uye nzvimbo dzinovakwa.

  • SStormter mari inobhadharwa: varidzi venzvimbo vanoisa mafashoni ezvivako zvegirini vanobhadhara mari yakaderera nemhaka yenzvimbo yavanovhara.
  • Kuisa pakakwirira: Kutsvaka chikamu chiduku muzana chenzvimbo kuti irambe iri paruchiva kana kuti kubatanidza kurapa mvura ine matututundu.
  • bumbiro recode yokuvaka: rinonatsiridza matenga egirini pazvivako zvitsva zvikuru kana kuti kudikanirwa kukohwa mvura inonaya nokuda kwokudiridza nyika.
  • [[NHAU] Minicipal Purogiramu: kuisa nenzira yakananga zvinhu zvipenyu mumigwagwa uye mapaki avose akakodzera kutorwa nokuda kwemvura yemadutu.

Guta re Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, rinogovera muenzaniso unokosha. Gareen City, Clean Waters inoshandisa gadziriro dzegirini kutora 85 muzana yemvura yematututukire ichibva kunzvimbo dzisinganayiki. Nokutsiva mapaipi machena neminda yemvura nemitsetse, chirongwa hachisi deredza bedzi kupfachuka kwetsvina asi chinogadzirawo mikoto yenzvimbo yokugara nokuda kweshiri dzinotama uye musutumhina. Mugumisiro wacho imari inochengetedzwa yegore negore [ $2] mamirioni [[FLT]] [FFF:3]] kuenzaniswa nokusvika kwegamuchidzanwa kwepa [FFL:]] [FFOT]]

2. Mitemo Yemvura Inobvumira Kudzorerwa

Mitengo yemvura ine ruvara rwakaisvonaka ichinhu chine simba mukudzorera mhoteredzo. Munyasi Screate Act yeNters muUnited States, hwerengedzo yemitoro yezuva nezuva yakawanda (TMDL) nokuda kwezvinosvibisa zvakadai sevhu, phosphorus, kana kuti utachiona hunodzora kuderedza kushatisa mvura yemavhu netsvina. Mumhinduro, maguta anowanzogamuchira mitemo inodzorera nzvimbo dzapasi. Somuenzaniso, maSattle’s maInsulature Planture Plan akadzorwa nechinodikanwa chokusangana nezvinopameso cheTDLFFFFFFFFF. Zvino anoda kuti kugadziridza kugadzirwa kwemvura kutsva kwemvura inoshandiswa pamaruva, mazaiwa masango akanaiwo akana masango anona.

Munyika dzakawanda, Eupan Union’s Water Frameodway Directive inoraira kuti mvura dzose dziri pamusoro pemvura dzisvike “mugariro wakanaka wemhoteredzo yadzo.” Iyi purogiramu yakasunda nyika dziri mitezo ku madhamu amonde, kusimudzirwazve kwadziro, uye kugadziridza mahombekombe omumadokodha [ mumaguta. muCopenhagen, Denmark, gadziriro yemamiriro okunze adzoresa mamiriro okunze yakabatanidza zvinangwa zvepaki, kugadzira mikoto inotsigira maENIYA neshiri apo dzinodzora madutu.

3. Nharaunda yeWetland neNharaunda yeRiparian

Madanga chisiko itsvo, kubvisa zvinoshatisa nokugovera nzvimbo dzinogara dzinotambudza. Bva mataundi manyoro anopfuurira kubviswa kana kuti kuzadzwa nokuda kwokukura. Mitemo yakasimba inoratidzira nzvimbo dzinovaka [ kumativi anosimukira, inoda mhinganidzo kubva kunzivara dzemvura, uye kugadziridza kwemicheto yewetland inokosha. Mamwe maguta, akafanana Austin, Texas[FLT]], [[FLT]], yakasika [[FLT:]] Muuyo woutsvene woutsvene, wakava nemuuyo wezviwiro zvakaderedzwa. Marudzi akadai: [FLTFF:]

Nenzira yakafanana, michina yokuisa mari mubhengi inoda vagadziri vanoparadza nzvimbo inotsvedzerwa kuti igadzirise nzvimbo inotsvedzerwa kugadziridza kana kuti kugadzira nzvimbo dzamadhaka kune imwe nzvimbo. Nepo inokakavadzana kana nzvimbo dzinosiiwa dzisina kuenzana nemhoteredzo yadzo, purogiramu dzinodzoreswa zvakanaka dzakatungamirira kukudzorerwa kwezviuru zvemaeka enzvimbo dzapasi dzakashata dzakashata mumaguta se CRICA uye [[FLT: 4.]

4. Kuchekererwa Kwemiti Mumigwagwa

Mitemo yemiti inoita basa guru mukudzora mvura yomumaguta. Kudzivisa mvura, midzi inopinza unyoro nokudzika ivhu, uye mumvuri unoderedza tembiricha dzemvura — dzinokosha nokuda kwehove dzinotonhora setraut. Policies inosimudzira ian recure reserves inobatanidza:

  • [[[ITSV] Mirairo yokuchengeta muti inodzivirira miti mihova.
  • Kutema miti kunoraira nokuda kwezvikamu zvitsva zvinoda chiverengero chakati chemiti yakadyarwa patsoka nhindi dzenzvimbo isina kudzivirirwa.
  • Zvikepe zvisina purofiti zvokusima zviuru zvemiti iri mumhenderekedzo dzenzizi dzomumaguta.

Kutanga kwe Million Tream NYC, nepo pakutanga kwakanangidzirwa pakunaka kwemhepo nokudziyisa, kwakaparirawo betsero dzemvura yemadutu. Mitemo yeguta yakatungamirira kusima munharaunda dzine mafukidzwa nenzvimbo dzinonamirwa namadziro akaderera, inotora marita anosvika mamirioni 100 eburi remvura gore rimwe nerimwe. Miti mizhinji iyoyo yaidyarwa mupaki muBronx neHarlem, kudzorera nzvimbo yokugara nokuda kwemasviko emiti, maruvara, maruva amabwe, uye mabhanzi ehovho.

Fundo Dzemhosva: Kushanda Kwetsika Munyika Yose

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo inoratidzira kuti miitiro yemvura yakabatana yomumaguta inoparira sei kudzorerwa kunooneka kwemhoteredzo yezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo. Pasi apa pane maguta matatu ayo awana miuyo inoshamisa.

Singapore: Chirongwa Chemvura yeBC

Singapore inoita basa, Yakanaka, Purogiramu yeNyanza dzakachena inoita kuti migero inoburitsa mhepo inoyerera ive nzvimbo dzinonaka, yakagadzirwa. Gadziriro yepurogiramu inoda fambiro itsva dzose dzokubatanidza kucheka mvura nenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mvura nepo kushandurawo migero iripo kuinjira. Mumakore gumi apfuura, ABC Mvura dzakadzorerwa kupfuura 20 kmmitezo yemvura, kugadzira nzvimbo dzenzimbe, mhero, uye shato. Gadziro rinodzora mafashamo, migove, migove, uye nhanda, kuratidzira kuti kudzorerwa kwemhoteredzo kunogonawo kuvakwakwa nokugara kwakakwirira mumaguta. [[5] [5]

Portland, Oregon: Green Street and Waterd Health

Chirongwa chePortland Greew Street itsika yenyika yokushandisa gadziriro yokudzorera nzvimbo dzinosundwa. Chirongwa cheguta chinoda kuti kuvandudza kwemigwagwa yose kusanganisira kufutunurwa neminda inonaya mvura — kuora mwoyo kuduku kunotora pamugwagwa. Kunopfuura 2 500 dzenzvimbo idzi zvinovapo, kuwedzera mahekita 50 enzvimbo itsva yokugara muguta. Chirongwa chacho chakaderedzawo kupfapfapfakanyika nokupfuudzwa kwema 90% uye kudzorerwa kwavagari vemo ve [FLT:] . [FLT:] kubvisa tsvina yemato youngwa] muJohnson Cret, kupfuuta yeChitsuwa chaMailme. Chikamu chikainwawo kuti chive chivepo chatonge chatonge [FFFF] kumbiri]

Belo Diorinte, Brazil: Kutarisira Kwakasvibirira

Mumaguta anokurumidza kufukidza nyika yose kumaodzanyemba, Belo Horiyonte yakamutsa mitemo inobatanidza kuiswa mvura mukusakara. Progretive Water Policy (Política Municipal de Sanemeo) inoda vafambisi vamabhizimisi kubhadhara mari yemari yokudzoresa mvura yeguta. Izvi zvakaparira kudzorerwa kwezvinopfuura 1 200 kmhedi dzeAtlantic Ent End ndilves inodyisa Rwizi. Muitiro unogoverawo betsero yezvokuchekesa mvura mukukosha kwakaderera, kuderedza mvura inoyerera nokuvandudza mvura. Zvitima zvinodzorerwa masango zvino pamarudzi 150, kubatanidza [FLT] ini: [5]

Basa Remichina Yemvura Yamadutu uye Kushandisa Michina

Hapana kana mitemo iri pamusoro apa inogona kushanda pasina mari inowanwa. Maguta akawanda akagamuchira mitero yemari inobatsira mvura yakawandisa [ inodzosa varidzi venzvimbo yakavakirwa panzvimbo yavo isingavhunduki inoparira. Iyi mitero inoparira hova dzinotsaurirwa nokuda kwegadziriro dzezvirongwa zvemhoteredzo. Mu Shynton, D., Purogiramu yeRwizi yemisha inopa varidzi vanotarisira minda inonayakirwa, matenga evhudzi, uye michero, inodzoserwa chose chose chose chose nemariso yakadzo yemvura. Purogiramu yakadzorerwa mahekitala 30 kugura nharaunda yoruwa [FLT:] [FLD] [FFF]

Imwe mari itsva inobatanidza kutengesa kwechikwereti kwemvura ine vhu, uko vagadziri vanogona kutenga zvikwereti kuvaridzi vamapurazi avo vanodzorera nzvimbo dzakachena kana kuti zviteshi zvemiti. Iyi nzira yakavakirwa pamusika yakapindwa mu Baltimore County, Maryland, uko musika unodzorerwa unogona kutsigira kudzorerwa kwemaeka 500 esango nepo zvichiri kubvumira kuvandudziko. Mitemo yezvero yezvemari inobatanidza upfumi nemiuyo yemhoteredzo yapasi, kubvumikisa kuti kudzorerwa kwemhoteredzo yemhoteredzo hakufaniri kuva chinhu chinobetsera chavose. — kunogona kuva chinhu chinobetsera chemari.

Kukurira Zvinetso: Kuda Zvematongerwe Enyika, Kuwirirana, uye Kusasarura

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzakabvumikiswa, kushandisa miitiro yemvura inodzorwa nemhepo inodzorwa nemhepo inopoteredza pasi kunotarisana nemhinganidzo chaidzoidzo. Tsvaka rinopa miganhu inowanzodudzwa, asi sezvinoratidzwa pamusoro apa, mari yemvura yemafungu uye miitiro yokushambadzira inogona kupedza ikoku. Zvinetso zvisingadzoreki zvinobatanidza:

  • Kukamurwa kwemvura: Unaka hwemvura, kushandiswa kwevhu, uye mapakitari anowanzoshanda musilos. Mitemo yakavhengana inoda mutumbi unobatana kana kuti simba rebasa rendangariro. Mamwe maguta, akafanana ne Angeles, akagadzira [[FLT:]]
  • Kudzivisa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibira: Vamwe vagari vemo vanonetseka kuti mapindu anonaya mvura haanaki kana kuti anobereka umhutu. Zvirongwa zvinobudirira zvokubudisa — kufanana ne “mapati okusima” — zvinoratidzira kuti zviteshi zvegirini zvakasanosinwa zvinokwezva uye zvinoderedza chaizvoizvo nzvimbo yokugara youmhutu kupfurikidza nokubvisa mvura yakamira (mvura inonyudzwa mukati mamaawa 24).
  • Nhamo dzakarurama: munhau, nharaunda dzakapfuma dzakawana mari yakasvibira zvikuru. Policies inofanira kuisa mipimo yakajeka munzanga dzinotambura nokufashamira nokushayikwa kwepaka. Gawww Infractive Equity Formark inoshandiswa neNew York City kuvimbisa kuti nharaunda dzine ngozi huru yemvura nedzinodzika miti dzinowana mukana wokutanga kutsigira micheto yezvipenyu namapaki.
  • Kusava nechokwadi: Kugadzira miitiro yemitoo yemvura yomunguva yemberi kwakaoma. Muitiro wakanakisisa kutora mipimo inobvumira kuchinjika kugadziridza, zvakadai sokuda kuti gadziriro dzezviwiro zvegirini dzinobata nechinoitika che 95 muzana, nechapanhambo nenhambo.

Kuvimbisana kwenzanga itambo inobatanidza miitiro yose inobudirira pamwe chete. Maguta ayo anotakura zviitiko zvemvura zvinovhuvhumuka , akabata `screens[ nokuda kwemarongedzero epaki, uye kupa zvivako zvemiti yemazamu zvinovaka tsigiro yavose inodikanwa kutsigira mari negweta rezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, [[FTLT:] Mawaukese] purogiramu yeFortgate Coaults [FLD] [FLT] programults] [FFUT]] zvitima zvemiti zvinodzika mindaro yemvura kuti zvivakwe kuti zvivaneirwe, apo mabasa anenge anenge anenge anenge anenge yashanyiwakashanyiswa mumakumi amakore.

Kuchinja Kurongwa Kwemvura Nevavariro Dzokuchengetedza Mumaguta

Ecosystem kupfurikidza negadziriro yemvura haiiti mukuparadzana. Maguta anobudirira zvikurusa akabatanidza idzi nhamburiko mukati me gadziriro, unyanzvi hwezvinhu zvakasiyana-zvo, uye nhano dzoutano hwavanhu. Somuenzaniso, mirau inoparira mikoto yemvura inopisa yegirini inoderedzawo miuyo yeguta, inovandudza utano hwendangariro kupfurikidza nokusvika kuchisiko, uye sequester carbon muvhu nemiti. [[FL:2] Vancuver, Canada, ine [FLT] Guta reGuta regiriki regirini, rine shata ra200] rakabatana mamiriro emvura inoiswa mukati maguta.

Nenzira yakafanana, World Bank’s City Resilience Program vatsigiri nokuda kwezvigadzikiso [[FLT:] zvakasimudzirwa (NBS) muutarisiri hwemvura mumataundi, vachigovera nhungamiro younyanzvi yokubatanidza co-benofit shood shom, kunaka kwemvura, uye mhindu yemitengo yezvakaiwo (World Bank)[FL:5]. Vagadziri vemikoro vanogona kushandisa zvishandiso zvakafanana ne Nature Atlas[FLD]] [FLT]]

Mugumo: Kubva Pakuomerera Pamitemo Kuenda Kumvura Yakanaka

Mitemo yemvura yomumataundi haisati ichingova bedzi pamusoro pepombi nemiti yokurapa nayo — zvishandiso zvokuporesa mhoteredzo dzinokuvadzwa. Apo maguta anozvipira kugadziriro dzemhoteredzo dzakasvibira, anodzivirira nzvimbo dzamazasi, anomanikidzira kugadziridza mipimo yemvura yakanaka, uye anotsigira kudzorerwa kupfurikidza nemitengo yokutsaurirwa kwemvura, anoshandura mhoteredzo yeguta kuva mukurumbira wemvura mhenyu. Hove dzinodzokera kuhova dzaichimbova dzisina chinhu. Shiri dzinova muminda inonaya mvura mumigwagwa yakatsvina.

Nzira yokufambira mberi inoda ushingi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, batira pamwe yokubatira pamwe, uye kuisa mari mubhizimisi. Asi ufakazi hwakajeka: $5 iri yose inopedzerwa pamiitiro yemvura inodzosera njodzi dzapasi dzinodziviswa, utano hwakavandudzwa, uye yakachengetwa. Maguta anoshandisa iyi miitiro nhasi achava ayo anobudirira munzanga, mune zvemari, uye munzanga mumakumi amakore ari kuuya. Mvura inowira mumigwagwa yedu haisati iri tsvina — ndiyo zvinhu zvokuvandudza. Mitemo yemvura yakachenjera yomumaguta ichaita kuti ive chinhu chaichoicho.