Kutanga: Chikonzero Nei Mugari Wose Achifanira Kuitira Hanya Bazi Rokutonga

Bazu redare reUnited States kazhinji kazhinji hariwanzooneki zvikuru kuvagariwo zvavo vemo, bva zvisarudzo zvaro zvinoumba mativi makuru oupenyu hwezuva nezuva (kubva pakodzero dzatinoshandisa kuzvibvumirano zvatinosaina.Kunzwisisa uye kuremekedza bazi iri haisi basa rehurumende chete asi chinhu chinoshanda kumunhu upi noupi anoda kutungamirira nzanga inodzorwa nomutemo. Nyaya ino inogovera kupfupikiswa kukuru kwemabasa ebazu rinotonga, nzira dzinoshanda dzokuzvidzidzisa umene pamusoro pematare, uye nheyo dzinovapo shure kwokuremekedza chiremera chedare kunyange apo unoramba kutongwa.

Pachapera, uchava negadziriro yakajeka yokuva mugari wemo akadzidza uye akavimbisana kuroorana anoonga basa redare rinobetsera mukuchengetedza rusununguko neruramisiro.

Kunzwisisa Basa Rebazu Rokutonga

Hwaro: Kududzira Mitemo uye Bumbiro Remitemo

Bazu redare, rinotungamirirwa neDare rapamusoro-soro uye rinotsigirwa namatare ehurumende akaderera, rakarongedzerwa kududzira mitemo inopiwa neCongress nezviito zvinotorwa nebazu guru. Chishandiso charo chine simba zvikurusa ndi judicial hwiation[], mano okuzivisa mutemo kana kuti chiito chehurumende chisina kutenderwa. Iri simba rakatangwa mumhaka yechiratidzo Barbury v. Madison , iro rakagadza muenzaniso uyo judiary ine chirevo chokupedzisira pamibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo.

Pasina hwirudzuro yorutongeso, mapazu emitemo navakuru vakuru aigona kushanda pasina nzvero dzebumbiro remitemo. matare anovimbisa kuti hakuna bazu rinodarika chiremera charo, rinodzivirira maruramiro aro akaderera nokudzivisa udzvinyiriri hwavazhinji. Somuenzaniso, apo Dare Gurusa rakakunda paradzano yedzinza mu Brown v. Board of Education [1954], rakashandisa rondedzero yedare kusimbisa dziviriro yakaenzana yePrimetermentment.

Kupedza Kusawirirana: Mhaka Dzehurumende, Dzoutsotsi, uye Dzoudzori

Kupfuura nhau dzebumbiro remitemo, matare ehurumende anotonga mhatsa huru dzekakavadzano: mhaka dzavagari vemo dzinobatanidza kuputswa kwebvumirano, zvikwereti, uye kodzero dzezvinhu; mhaka dzoutsotsi dzinozivisa kuputswa kwomutemo womubatanidzwa; uye denho dzokutarisira kumitemo yesangano. matare ehurumende anotonga nhau dzakatokura zvikuru, kubatanidza mutemo wemhuri, kuputswa kwezviito zvomumugwagwa, uye nhau dzoutsotsi zhinjisa.

Gakava rimwe nerimwe rinotevera mutoo wakarongwa: kuronga nyunyuto, kuwana, kutongwa, kana kuti kugadzikiswa, uye kufadza kunobvira. Kunzwisisa uyu muitiro kunobetsera vagari vemo kuziva kuti zvisarudzo zvedare hazvisi zvokuzvidira asi zvinomuka mumiitiro yakakomba inodzorwa nemitemo youfakazi nemitemo inoyera. Office yeU. Dare [[FLT:] rinogovera mibato yavose nhano imwe neimwe. Dzidza zvikuru pamusoro pemhaka dzemitemo yehurumende pasu.

Kutongwa Kwemadare: Kubva kuMatare Oruwa Kuenda kuDare Repamusorosoro

Gadziriro yedare rehurumende yakaumbwa mumitsetse mitatu: matare oruwa 94 (mwero wedare), 13 matare edunhu ezvikumbiro (paneiredhimedia appelte), uye [[FLT] Dare reruwa] Shuvatome. Mitongo mizhinjisarudzo inovamba ndokuguma mumatare oruwa. Zvikumbiro zvinoenda kumatare edunhu, uye chikamu chiduku bedzi chemikumbiro chinobvumirwa neDare rapamusorosoro, nhau dzinobatanidza mibvunzo inokosha yemitemo kana kuti kukamuramura pakati pematare edunhu.

Iyi dare rinovimbisa miganhu mizhinji yehwirudzuro, kuchideredza ngozi yezvikanganiso. Kunorevawo kuti chisarudzo chakabva kudare reruwa mune imwe nyika chinogona kuchinjwa nedare redunhu, asi chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosoro chinobatanidza matare ose akaderera munyika yose.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kuzvidzidzisa Nayo Patsika Yokutonga

Zvirongwa Zvemawebsite eHurumende Nezvedzidzo

Manyuko akavimbika zvikurusa naakakwana amashoko inzvimbo yepanobhurokwa U.S. . (mabumbiro edare.gov), iyo inopa tsananguro dzakajeka dzechiNgezi dzemibato, nhau dzechiratidzo, uye zvinhu zvedzidzo zvamazera ose. dare repamutemo redare (mubatanidzwa wedare.gov) rinogovera mirangariro, marekodhi, uye marekodhi okuranga amashoko adzokororwa. matare mazhinji anopawo shanyo dzinooneka uye dzinorarama musasa wezvibvumikiso zvokutaura.

Nokuda kwefundo yakadzama, masangano akafanana ne Constitution Center ne Mutemo weMitemo unogovera zvisakiso zvapachena zvechikoro, zvokuedza, uye zvidzidzo zvokuwedzera. Kana uri mudzidzisi kana kuti mudzidzi woupenyu hwose, rangarira kunyoresa mupurogiramu yedzidzo yedare kana kuti kosi yedzidzo yehurumende. [[FLT:]] Kubudisira ji reSangano reMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yedzidzo yeMitemo yeDhiro.

Kupinda Zvikamu zveDare Ravose

Kungopinda muimba yedare yehurumende (pashure pokupfuura chengeteko) ndokuwana dare nenhau inoshingaira. Kucherechedza nharo chaidzoidzoidzo, upupu, uye kutonga kwevatongi kunounza murangariro weruramisiro usingafungiki kuupenyu.

Nokuda kweDare Gurusa, nharo dzinotaurwa dzinozarukira vanhu pahwaro hwokutanga, hwaro hwokutanga hwakachengetwa. Kana usingagoni kufamba kuWashington, D.C., zvirevo zvinotepfenyura pawebsite yeDare pamazuva enharo. matare mazhinji amatunhu nematare oruwa zvinogoverawo vhidhiyo kana kuti zvokuteerera. Kupinda purogiramu kunobetsera miitiro yokubvisa magetsi uye kushandura vanhu vatongi namagweta vanobatanidzwa.

Kurava Mhaka Dzapanyika Nokunzvera Kwapamutemo

Kunzwisisa mhaka dzenhau dzeDare Gurusa inzira ine simba kuona kuti kutsanangura kwedare kunochinja sei. Nhau dzakafanana ne Maranda v. Arizona (kururama kuramba wakanyarara), Roe v. [[FLT:] [ikodzero dzekushandura], [[FLT]]] Citagens United[v.FEC [[clagignment] [ishages , [[FLT]] .[FLT] . Gegeta] [5]

Pakurava nhau, teerera kumurangariro woruzhinji, funga zvinovapo, uye kusabvumirana. Kupesana kwemirangariro kunokosha zvikuru nemhaka yokuti kududza kurangarira kwapamutemo kwakatsinhana uye kazhinji kazhinji kunopesvedzera mirau yomunguva yemberi. Mawebsite akadai se Oyez.org anogovera mashoko echiNgezi enhau dzose dzeDare gurusa pamwe chete neredhiyo. Teerera kunharo dzezvirevo zvemuromo uye rava nhau pamusoro peOyez.

Kubatanidzwa Nenhau Netsinhiro

Zviteshi zvenhau zvinobhadharwa pamutemo zvakatsaurirwa pamutemo − zvakadai seSCOTUS, Law 360, uye The National Law Journal(dray shoo yenhau dzazvino uno nezvimiro zvendangariro. Dzivisai kutsamira chose chose pamisoro yenhau dzesociation; panzvimbo pezvo, rava nyaya dzose dzinobva mumanyuko akakurumbira anowirirana nemirangariro chaiyoiyo yedare. Kutevera mhaka kubva mukukumbira kupfurikidza neiyi mishumo kuchakudza nzwisiso yako yemitemo namapango zvinobatanidzwa.

Kana uchida kuedza zivo yako, rangarira kukumbanira boka rekurukurirano dzehurumende dzomunzvimbomo kana kuti “purogiramu yedare. Sangano dzakawanda dzebhawa uye mashopu asingapinzi mari mumutemo umo vazvipiri vanochengeta miedzo ndokushuma kunzanga. Uku kuita maoko kunoshandura kurava kwokusaita sourongwa hwehurumende.

Kuremekedza Bazu Rokutonga: Nheyo Nemiitiro

Kubvuma Zvisarudzo Zvedare, Kunyange Kana Usingabvumirani

Ruremekedzo nokuda kwebazu rinotonga runotanga nokubvuma kuti matare ane chiremera chokupedzisira chokududzira mitemo, pasinei zvapo nemurangariro womunhu oga kana kuti chisarudzo chezvamatongerwe enyika. Iyi nheyo, inozivikanwa se judicial [, ibwe rekona rehurumende yeAmerica. Apo Dare Rapamusorosoro rinopa chisarudzo, inosungirwa, kunyange kana voruzhinji vavagari vemo kana kuti vakasarudzwa vachichishora.

Kuremekedza chisarudzo hakurevi kuti unofanira kubvumirana nacho. Wakasununguka kutsoropodza kurangarira, kutsigira chinjo yebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti basa kuchinja mutemo kupfurikidza nemitemo. Zvisinei, kuzvidza murairo wedare kana kuti kuramba maruramiro edare kunosekesa mutemo uye kunogona kutungamirira kunyongano. Nhau inoratidza kuti kugamuchirwa kune rugare kwemitemo isingafarirwi, zvakadai sezvisarudzo zvokusarudzo zvema1950 nama 1960, pakupedzisira kwakasimbisa rudzi.

Kuziva Kuzvimirira kweMufundisi

Vatongi vanogadzwa kana kuti kusarudzwa kuva vatongi vasingasaruri. Vatongi veFederal vane upenyu hwakanaka nedziviriro yomubhadharo kuvadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuzvimirira kunovimbisa kuti vanogona kutonga pakavakirwa pamutemo namaidi, kwete pafariro dzakakurumbira kana kuti dzechisimba. Kuremekedza kuzvimirira kwokutonga kunoreva kudzivisa denho dzomunhu oga pavatongi kana kuti tyisidziro kuchengeteko yavo.

Vagari vemo vanogona kutsigira kuzvimirira kwokutonga nokutsigira zvirongwa zvokutsigira mari zvakakwana zvedare, kupikisa kurwisa matare, uye kukurudzira vanhu vanokwanisa vanobva kwakasiyana - siyana kuti vashumire pabhenji. Kana mutongi achionekwa seasingatori rutivi, kuvimba nevanhu nemitemo kunowedzera.

Kuramba Uchiziva uye Kuitawo Zvaunotaura Mukurukurirano Dzemiitiro

Mugari wemo akadzidza ndiye mutsigiri akanakisisa wedare rinozvimirira. Verenga nezvenyaya dzinomira kutongwa, kupinda mudare, uye kuvhota kana hurumende yako ikazvitora.

Paunenge uchikurukura nyaya dzokutonga nevamwe, taura nezvenyaya dzepamutemo pane kuti utaure nezvematongerwe enyika.

Tapuro Inoshanda Yebazu Rokutonga Paupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Kodzero Dzako Nerusununguko

Nguva iri yose yaunotaura wakasununguka, uchishandisa rudzidziso rwako, kana kuti kuungana navamwe mukuramba, uri kushandisa maruramiro ayo vatongi vakadzivirira.Nhevedzo yeFremendment yeChina inomanikidzirwa nematare anodzvinyirira ufakazi husiri hwapamutemo.

Apo unotenga imba, kusaina chibvumirano, kana kuti kukwirira mumwe munhu nokuda kwekuvadziko, unovimba negadziriro yedare kuti igoita kuti zvibvumirano izvozvo zviitwe kana kuti gakava remhiko. Pasina matare anoshanda, kodzero dzezvinhu dzinova dzisina chokwadi, uye chengeteko yomunhu oga inosiiwa kuparira ruramisiro.

Kusagadzikana Kwemari Nemabasa Ebhizimisi

Mabhizimisi anotsamira pamatare kuti apedze zvibvumirano, kupedza gakava rezvinhu zvamazvikokota, uye kubata nebhurokesi. Kudeya kutaurwa kwemitemo yedare kunogonesa makambani kuisa mari, kupinza basa, uye kuvandudza. Gadziriro yemitemo yeUnited States, inozivikanwa nokuda kwokujeka kwayo nomuitiro wokupa ngwariro, inokwezva bhizimisi rokumwe nemhaka yokuti vatengi vanovimba kuti matare achashandisa mutemo nenzira yakarurama.

Kunyange vatengiwo zvavo vanobetserwa: kukwirira matare pamusoro pezvinhu zvisina kutsarukana, zviito zvinorwisana nekusavimbika mukurwisana nehurumende imwe chete, uye kusarura mabasa kunoda kuti zvose zvivimbe netarisiro yokutonga. matare anoshanda sechinhu chokudzivirira munhu ari wose, kubva kuvanhu vamwe navamwe kuenda kumasangano amarudzi akawanda.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nebazu Rokutonga uye Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kubetsera Nayo

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika uye Kufunga Kworuzhinji

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, dare razova rezvemitemo. Hondo dzokusimbisa nokuda kwevatongi veDare rapamusoro dzinokakavadzana zvikuru, uye kutenderwa kwavose kweDare kwachinja.Vamwe vagari vemo vanorangarira Dare somutambi mumwe chete wezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pomutambi akazvimirira. Iyi mirangariro, kana yakasiyiwa isingadzorwi, inoshatisa ruremekedzo nechido chokuita nemitemo.

Kuti vakurire ikoku, vagari vemo vanofanira kudzivisa muedzo wokudana vatongi se “regial” kana kuti“ revo” zvakavakirwa bedzi pakugadza kwavo purezidhendi. Zvisarudzo zvizhinji zvinowirirana kana kuti zvinoda kuva zvakafanana, uye kunyange apo pfungwa dzinoparadzana dzinooneka, kurangarira kwapamutemo kunowanzopesana. Kurava mirangariro chaiyoiyo, panzvimbo pokutsamira patsinhiro dzechikakavara, kunoratidza rondedzero inorasika mukuvadziko.

Kuwana Ruramisiro Nezvitsigiso zveDare

Zvirongwa zvepamutemo zvokuyamura zvinoshorwa, zvichisiya vanhu vakawanda vakaderera vanopinda pasina kupinda mumatare. Uyezve, matare ehurumende neomunyika yacho anotarisana nezvibvumirano zvinokosha, zvinononotsa ruramisiro kwemakore mudzimwe nhau.

Vagari vanogona kutsigira masangano akafanana ne Dare reMabasa reRegional [LSC] (LSC) iro rinobhadharira yamuro yapamutemo nokuda kwavarombo. Kuzvipira segweta repro bono (kana uri gweta) kana kuti kupa kusingapinduri purofiti izvo zvinogovera ratidziro yakaganhurirwa inogona kubetsera kuvhara bhiri remukahavi. Kubhadharwa kwezviwanikwa zvedare zvakawedzerwa nemitoo yokusarudza yakasiana yegadzirowo inoderedza.

Kupedzisa: Kuvaka Tsika Yokuremekedza Vatongi

Kunzwisisa uye kuremekedza bazi rinotonga hakusi kungoita zvokungogara, kupfuurira kudzidza, kuongorora, uye kutaurirana nenhau dzemitemo.

Apo unoremekedza mutemo, unodzivirira maruramiro ako umene namaruramiro avamwe. Vatongi inhoo yokudzivisa simba roudzvinyiriri nenheyo yorusununguko rwedemocracy. Savagari vakaziviswa, tose tine basa mukudzivirira iyi gadziriro nokuda kwavagari vemo vomunguva yemberi. Ita nhano yokutanga nhasi: shanyira imba yedare romunzvimbomo, nzvera murangariro weDare rapamusorosoro, kana kuti kumbanira boka rekurukurirano yehurumende. Kutora kwako kunosimbisa tsika yose.

[[[Nto:0] Kurava kwakawedzera neZviwanikwa:[