Nzira Iyo Vatungamiriri Vehurumende Vanogona Nayo Kuchinja Zvinhu Mukati meUnited States Yavo

Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvinokwanisa kuvandudza ikokusimupindwa nokubudirira kwezvemari uye utungamiriri hwezvoruzivo. Nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vehurumende , vanyori vokubudirira kwezvemari, uye vatungamiriri vemitemo . Kuvaka nokutarisira zvinhu zvipenyu izvi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakwirira zvinowanika kuti zvifambise basa, kukwezva, uye kuvandudza upenyu hwevagari vemo. Kuvandudza zvinhu zvipenyu nechinhu chinopfuura boka remavambo; isangano rine simba remayunivhesiti, masangano okunzvera, masangano ehurumende, vatengi, uye vashandi vane unyanzvi vanobudisa zvose zvinoparira, kuchenesa, uye kuvandudza pfungwa itsva. Apo iyi inoita kuti pave nezivo, tarente, uye kugadzirwa kwemari kunogona kubvisa mugariro wenzvimbo yemaindaneti uye nzvimbo refu nokuda kwokukura.

Chinetso chevakuru vakuru vehurumende ndechokuti zvinhu zvipenyu hazvigoni kupiwa mutongo kubva pamusoro, asi zvinogona kuitwa nemaune. Vatungamiriri vanobudirira vanoita mamiriro ezvinhu anoderedza mhinganidzo dzokuedza, kutsiva, uye kubatanidza vatambi vanosiyanisa avo vangadai vasina kubatana. Izvi zvinoda mubatanidzwa wemitemo yezvakaonwa, kuchengetedzwa kwemabhizimisi, uye kunzwisisa zvakadzama zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana uye misiyano iri munyika yavo. Pazasi, tinoongorora zvinhu zvinoumba zvinhu zvitsva uye mabasa ehurumende zvinogona kuvaka mumwe chete.

Kunzwisisa Nzira Dzokuvandudza Nadzo Zvinhu

Zvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo zvinochinja - chinja zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvinoumbwa nevanhu vakawanda vanoshandira pamwe kuti vashandure zivo kuti ive zvinhu zvinotengeswa, mabasa, uye mashandiro.

  • Institutions – Universities, alphables, uye nzvimbo dzokunzvera dzakazvimirira idzo dzinogadzira zviwanwa zvinokosha uye dzinogovera mapaipi etarenda rakadzidza.
  • Mabudireneur naMavambo[[FL:1] - Zvirongwa zvapakuvamba zvinopinza mungozi kutengesa ruzivo rutsva, kazhinji kazhinji zvichibatira semaendi okukurumidza zvikurusa nokuda kwokuvandudza.
  • Makambani akagadzirwa – mafemu akaoma anopa dzimbahwe, cheni, mibatanidzwa yokuparadzira, uye kudiwa kwemisika; anodzosawo mabasa matsva ndokuwana mavambo.
  • [ Vatenzi [ – Angel mitengi, mafemu makuru, uye zvombo zvebhizimisi zvokubudirira zvinogovera mari inodikanwa kukwira mifungo kubva kumuenzaniso kusvikira kukugamuchirwa kwavazhinji.
  • [ Hurumende naMaiti eMitemo[[FL:1] - Masangano anogadza mitemo yomutambo kupfurikidza nomutemo wezvinhu wedzidzo, kurudziro dzemitero, masangano okuwana, uye mari yakananga yeR&D.
  • [ Masangano eIP – maIncator, maapuresa, nzvimbo dzinoshanda pamwe chete, mafemu epamutemo neaccounting anozivikanwa muIP, uye mapurogiramu okurovedza vashandi.

Zvinhu izvi hazvishandi zvakazviparadzanisa; kukosha kwazvo kunobva mumibatanidzwa uye kuyerera kwamashoko, dzimbahwe, uye tare. mhoteredzo dzakasimba dzinoratidzira mwero yakakwirira yechivimbo, kufamba kwavashandi pakati pamakamu, uye kundikano yokukurudzira kutengeserana kwenhevedzano. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kuzvifunga vamene kwete savavaki vezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo, asi savarimi vanochekenura, mvura, uye vanovakazve mhoteredzo kuti igogona kukura.

Kuronga Zvikuru Kwevatungamiriri Vehurumende

Zvirongwa zvinotevera zvinomirira nzira dzakabvumikiswa idzo vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kuchinjira kumashoko avo akapoteredza. Hapana nzira imwe chete yakakwana; panzvimbo pezvo, zviito zvakarongeka zvinodiwa kuti pave nenhevedzano yokuzvichinja.

Kudziridza Vatsigiri

Mutengo ndiwo vakuru vakuru vezvishandiso zvikuru zvehurumende vanofanira kuumba mhoteredzo itsva. Mitemo inoshanda inoderedza rwisano inodzorwa, inotusa chitsama cheR&D, uye inodzivirira zvinhu zvoungwaru nepo zvichingobvumira masimba amakwikwi. Zviito zvehwaro zvinobatanidza:

  • R&D Traxiess - Tsvaka ringadzorwa kana kuti ringatamisirwa nokuda kwezvisakiso zvokunzvera, zvikurukuru nokuda kwamabhizimisi maduku naane mibato angasava nechikwereti chemitero. Mitengo inogona kuenzanisira chikwereti chechikwereti chemari yeR&D asi ichiita kuti chisvike zvikuru.
  • Sandbokes dzemitemo - Ita zvirango zvechinguvana zvinobva kumirau yati kuti yemimwe mibato yezvigadzirwa zvitsva kana kuti mabasa, zvikurukuru mumichina yemichina, ruzivo rwezvoutano, uye simba. Ikoku kunobvumira kutanga kwepfungwa dzemanovhesi pasina kutarisana nendyiko inorema yokuteerera.
  • .Statummed Business Formation - Deream shopesa nguva nendyiko kunyoresa bhizimisi, kuwana mvumo, uye mitero yamafaira paIndaneti. Kubudirira kwaDelaware somusha webhizimisi kunoratidzira simba remhoteredzo yepamutemo isingakweveki.
  • Zvinodiwa – tsaura chikamu chezvibvumirano zvehurumende zvemabhizimisi maduku kana kuti kutanga. Izvi zvinopa mari yokutanga inogona kuita kuti zvisave noruzivo rutsva rwounyanzvi uye kuderedza kutsamira pakushanda kwedzimbahwe.
  • Zvinobatanidza maHwero ePN, – Kuisa kuva muridzi weIP yakagadzirwa ichishandisa hurumende inopa mari kana kuti kumayunivhesiti avose. MaIP ane mativi anowedzera vatsvakurudzi kushambadzira kuwana.

Mitemo inofanira kurangarirwa nguva dzose kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanoramba vakakodzera uye haibatiswi nefariro dzakaganhurirwa dzinodzivisa kudzongonyedzwa. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanirawo kutsinhirana nenyika dziri pedyo kudzivisa “kusvikira kupasi” musundo dzemitero, vachinangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo pokuita mhoteredzo inotsigira zvapachokwadi nokuda kwekutangwa kwenguva refu.

2 Tsaona Zvinhu Zvakagadzirwa Nezvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Pamagetsi

Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zviine simba uye zvokufambisa zviri zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, zvinhu zvipenyu zvemazuva ano zvinotsamira pazvinhu zvinokosha:

  • Broadband Access-Internet yakapetwa zvikuru ipombi dzemitengo yemichina. United States inofanira kuisa bhande rakafara rapasi pose, zvikurukuru mumaruwa napaduku, kuva nechokwadi chokuti tarenda namakambani zvinogona kutora rutivi kubva kupi nokupi.
  • Mipakwa yeTechnology neInnovation District – masangano okunzvera anobatira pamwe, marabho, mavambi, marekitari okutanga, uye nzvimbo dzeR&D dzinofamba, maruwa epfuma. Mienzaniso inobudirira inobatanidza Nhevedzo yeNorth Carolina neKendal Square.
  • Kunzvera kwagoveranwa - Investice muzvivako zvepakati-pakati" yakadai sedzimba dzakachena, genomic, necomputics roratory, uye masumbu akakwirira okutanga aisagona kugona kubhadhara. Kuwanwa iwaya pamitengo nokuda kwokushandisa zvinoderedza zvinoshamisa muganhu wedzimbahwe kumavambo akadzika zvikuru.
  • [ Tractive Contation internation - i nechokwadi chokuti mizinda yokuvandudza yakabatana zvakanaka nenhandare dzendege, njanji, uye migwagwa mikuru kuti ipfavise kuyamura nokufamba kwezvinhu navanhu.

Kuisa mari mubhizimisi kunoda kuzvipira kwenguva refu nokubatana kwemibatanidzwa. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kushandisa mubatanidzwa wemisengwa yose, zvibvumirano zvavose, uye zvipo zvehurumende (zvakadai seizvo zvinobva kuEconomic Development Administration) kutsigira zvirongwa.

3. Kubudirira Kwedzidzo Nedzidzo

Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanofanira kushandisa mari muzvose zviri zviviri uwandu uye kunaka kwevashandi vane unyanzvi, kubva kuna vanamazvikokota kusvika kuvaongorori vePD. Nhanho huru dzinobatanidza:

  • STEM Pipeline Programs - Treast K-12 dzidzo yekombiyuta, comptamps, uye mapurogiramu ekoreji enzanga mukugadzira kwazvinobudirira, biotechnology, uye kukura kwesoftware. Kuratidzirwa kwapakuvamba kumabasa eSTEM kunogona kunyandura fariro mubhizimisi.
  • Zvirongwa zvedzidzo yebatira pamwe yemaindasitiri – Hurumende inoisa vadzidzi mumakambani okuvandudza. Mutezo wedzidzo yebatira pamwe yeGeorgia Tech ibhenji renyika.
  • Kudzorwa nokudzosera chikwereti [[FT:1] – Kupa chikwereti chechikwereti, kuchinjwa kwebhonasi, kana kuti kupunzika kwemitero nokuda kwavadzidzi muminda yakakwirira (se., simba, simba rakachena, sayenzi youpenyu) avo vanoramba vari mumugariro pashure pokupedza kufunda. Masangano akawanda akaona budiriro ne “purofiti” mapurogiramu anodikanwa mudariro mushure metarenda renyika.
  • Kuuraya nokuuraya - Sezvo maindasitiri anochinja, vashandi vanoda dzidzo inopfuurira. Gadziriro dzerovedzo dzakarongwa nehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji mubatira pamwe namakoreji enzanga navashandirwi, dzinogona kurovedzazve vashandi vakabviswa munzvimbo dzavo nokuda kwemabasa mumativi anokura.

Kufunga nezvemakwikwi epasi pose evagadziri vemabhizimisi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kutsigira mitemo yokutama yakangwara uye kuita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzinogamuchira vatengesi nevatsvakurudzi vemabhizimisi vokune dzimwe nyika.

4. Kutsigira Mari Nokuchengeta Mari

Kusvika kudzimbahwe ichinhu chikuru chekuvandudza. Nepo dzimbahwe rebhizimisi ravanhu voga richishanda munyika shomanene, nharaunda dzakawanda dzinotambura miganhu yehombe inodzivisa mifungo inovimbisa kukwira. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kutaura naiyoyi kupfurikidza:

  • State Venture Capital Funds - Yenza mari inounyana inoisa zvakananga mumavambo echikuva, semotokari inoiswa mudenga kana kuti semari inotsigira mafemu ebasa romunzvimbomo. Utah Fund of Funds and Indiana’s 21st Century Research and Technology Fund mienzaniso inocherekedzwa.
  • Kuwirirana Grants neSBIR/STTR tsigiro - Kugovera mari inowirirana nokuda kwamakambani anowina mubatanidzwa Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) kana kuti Small Business Technology Transction (STTR). Ikoku kunobetsera kutanga kwomunzvimbomo kukweva madhora omubatanidzwa angazodira kune dzimwe nyika.
  • Angel Invector and Collemmonding Incentives – Kupa zvikwereti zvechikwereti zvemitero zvengirozi dzinoisa mari mumavambo akakwaniriswa. Dzimwe nyika dzakaona wedzero huru mumari yave ichigadzirwa pakuvamba pashure pokushandisa zvikwereti zvakadaro.
  • Loan Confincing Programs – Back chikwereti kubva kumabhangi ezvokutengeserana kuenda kumakambani anovaka matsva asina kuwirirana kana kuti kuyerera kwemari. Ikoku kunoderedza ngozi yavakweretesi pasina kudyira nyika.

Mari inotsigirwa navose inofanira kuva yakagadzirirwa kudzimbahwe ravanhu voga, kwete kuitsiva. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanirawo kunangidzira ngwariro pakuvaka nzanga yemupi wemari ine simba kupfurikidza nokuronga zvinoitika zvechimbichimbi, mushandisi wemari yedanga, uye marusando okusona anobatanidza dzimbahwe renyika nemikana yomunzvimbomo.

5. Vaka Manete Ane Unyanzvi

Kuvandudza zvinhu kunobudirira apo vanhu vanobva mumigariro yakasiana namasangano vanoshanda pamwe chete nguva dzose.

  • Kuisa nzvimbo dzinogadzirirwa zvinhu Hubs - Kugadza nzvimbo dzokugara uko vatengesi, vatsvakurudzi, uye vashandi vemakambani vanogona kushandira pamwe. Iyi mibatanidzwa inofanira kupa michina yokushandisa, nzvimbo inoshanda pamwe chete, uye karenda yezvinoitika zvesocial network.
  • [ Kutanga kweChinjo yeChibvumirano - Ronga simba reindasitiri riripo (sumo, nharaunda muWashington, biotech muMassachusetts) uye varongi vanobatira pamwe kuti vagova nedenho dzakadai sezvikamu zvecheni dzechitsama kana kuti perevedzo dzetarenda.
  • Instrustry-Academia Conferences - Ronga zviitiko zvenguva dzose “zvokugadzira midziyo” apo mapurofesa anopa nzvero yavo kuvamiriri vamaindasitiri navatengi. Mutezo weInnovation Summit weTexas wakatevedzerwa munyika dzinoverengeka.
  • MaPlatform okugoverana - Kurudzira kutangwa kwezviteshi zvemahomwe zvemazita zvakazaruka izvo zvinobvumira kutanga kupinda muhurumende, kushanda, uye mashoko okufambisa kuvaka mafomu matsva. Makwikwi makuru eNew York City akawedzera munhano dzemashoko dzakazaruka.

Basa ramukuru mukuru wehurumende kazhinji kazhinji nderokubatira somutevedzeri, achishandisa chikuva chinodheerera kugadza chiono uye ipapo kudzokera shure kuti atendere chikwata chavanhu neyunivhesiti kuuraya. Zvikamu zvenguva dzose navagadziri vemipinduru zvinobetsera kuchengeta zano rakavakirwa muzvinodikanwa chaizvoizvo zvenyika.

6. Ratidza uye Rapa

Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu nokuzvivandudza kune simba; zvinoshanda nhasi zvingasashanda mangwana. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kutanga chiratidzo chokutungamirira uye chinononoka kufambira mberi, zvakadai se:

  • Anopa mari pamunhu
  • Dzimbahwe rakaiswa munyika (per GDP)
  • Nhamba yezvirongwa zvokuyunivhesiti nemarezenisi zvakaurayiwa
  • Basa muzvikamu zvemapurazi
  • Kukura Mumadhigirii eSTEM kwakapiwa
  • Mwero inoramba iripo yekutanga kwemakore anopfuura matatu

Mitemo iyi inofanira kushumwa pachena gore negore kuti ichengete gadziridzo nokuzivisa kupurogiramu. Mukuwedzera, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kuronga kuyera kwokunze kwapanhambo nenhambo kwezvirongwa zvavo zvitsva, kuratidzira nyika dzezera ravo navatungamiriri vemisi itsva venyika yose. Brookings Institution inogovera kunzvera kukuru pamichina yenzvimbo inogona kubatira senhungamiro.

Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo

Nepo pasina purani imwe inokodzera mamiriro ose ezvinhu, mienzaniso inoverengeka inoratidzira gadziriro dzinobudirira dzokuvaka mhoteredzo yezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo idzo dzinogona kugadziridzwa:

Mapoka Okuvandudza eCalifornia

Silicon Valley neBay Aream itsika yendarama yokugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo, asi muitiro wenzvimbo yehurumende woga hauna kuzvigadzira. Zvisinei, hurumende yeCalifornia yakaita basa rinotsigira kupfurikidza nokuisa mari mumayunivhesiti okunzvera kwavose (Uc Berkeley, UCLA, UC Diego), nzvimbo yapamutemo inoremekedza zvibvumirano zvisina kurongwa (kuita California kuva yechienzi), uye California Institute yeRegenerative Medicine Medicine (CRM), nzvero yehurumende yezvero yezviwirirano yemichina yevhu yakanyandura chiwiriranwa chinobudirira. Hurumende yakaparira hofisi yokuronga nokunzvera [FLT]

Sayenzi Youpenyu yeMassachusetts Inotanga

Muna 2008, Massachusetts akatanga gadziriro yemabhirioni 10 esayenzi yezvemari inochengeterwa upenyu iyo yakatsigira nzvimbo itsva yokunzvera, yakatsigira kutanga, uye yakagovera kurudziro dzemitero nokuda kwamakambani ezvokugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu. Hurumende yakagadzirawo sangano rakatsaurirwa reMassachusetts Sciences Center . Mugumisiro: Massachusetts zvino anotungamirira nyika musayenzi dzoupenyu dzinoedza dzimbahwe pamunhu mumwe uye yaona kuwedzera muzvose zviri zviviri kutanga nokukura kwekambani huru. Muenzaniso wacho wakafundwa uye wakadzokororwa neshoko rakadai se Colado] Colado nokuda kwesimba rakachena.

Chikamu cheNzvero cheNhengo dzeNorth Carolina (RTP)

Yakavambwa muna 1959, RTP yakanga iri batira pamwe yamaune pakati pehurumende, mayunivhesiti matatu makuru (UNC Chapel Hill, Duke, NC State), uye chikamu chavanhu. Hurumende yakatsigira paki kupfurikidza negadziriro yemari inochengetedzwa, kubatwa zvakanaka kwemitero, uye zvirongwa zvokurovedza vashandi. Nhasi, RTP yakabatanidza makambani anopfuura 300, kubatanidza R&D Center eBM, Stencils, naGlaxoSmithline. Unganidzo rwapasi rwakawedzera kubatanidza nzanga inobudirira yemavambo mudunhurikidzwa Durham, kuratidza kuti nguva refu, murwere anogona kudzosera chizvarwa.

Kuwedzera Kwemasangano Ezvigadzirwa zveUtah

Utah yakabuda senzvimbo yemichina inozivikanwa se “Silicon Slopes.” Hurumende yehurumende yakagovera kupfurikidza nokugadzira Utah Fund of Funds, iyo yakaisa mubhizimisi mafemu makuru ayo akazvipira kumisa dzimbahwe muUtah. Mukuwedzera, hofisi yebhizimisi rebhizimisi nenzira yeshamwari, kuisa mari mudzidzo yesayenzi yekombiyuta paUtah, uye kugadzirwa kwevavariro dzemitero yamakambani eruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakwezva makambani akafanana naAdobe, Qualtrics, uye Domo. Hofisi yezve yepfuma yebhizimisi inobatira pamwe chete nokubudirira kuti ichengetedze simba rezve rezve upfumi hwezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo.

Kukurira Matambudziko Anowanzoitika

Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanofanira kuronga matambudziko anotevera voagadzirisa:

  • Madenderedzwa ePuritatic – Kuvandudza kunoda kuzvipira kunopfuuridzirwa muvatarisiri. Kuderedza ikoku, vakuru vakuru vanogona kuisa mapurogiramu mumutemo kana kuti kugadzira mapuranga akazvimirira, mabipartistan kuti atarisire zviito zvenhambo refu.
  • Kubatanidza maConstrent - Mukati mokusashanda zvakanaka kwemari, zvirongwa zvitsva zvingachekwa. Nyika dzinogona kushandisa mari yezvisungo, mibatanidzwa yavose, kana kuti kutsaurira chikamu chemari yemitero kubva kumaparera akakwirira kuti vave nechokwadi chokushandisa mari nguva dzose.
  • Hondo dzakasimba - Nharaunda dzakafanana neBay Areat neNew York dzinobvisa tarenda rapamusoro kubva panzvimbo dzapasi dzakagadzwa zvishoma. Nyika dzinofanira kuisa ngwariro pamugariro wakanaka woupenyu, mutengo webetsero dzemararamire, uye kunyoreswa kwakarongwa kwavashandi vari kure zvino vane nzvimbo dzinochinjika.
  • Risk yePlantivity - Kubudirira kwezviwirirano zvinogona kuva zvakapfigirwa mumaindasitiri ekare. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kunzvera nguva dzose nokuda kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rutsva ndokukurudzira kudzongonyedzwa, kunyange kana ruchityisidzira kuvamba.

Kubvuma idzi denho pachena uye kuvaka gadziriro dzinogadziridzwa kuchawedzera bviro yebudiriro yenguva refu. Gavhuna vorudzi Association inopa zviwanikwa namanekisi ezera kubetsera nyika kudzidza muzvinoitika zvomumwe nomumwe.

mhedziso

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vane basa rokuita kuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvivepo zvinosimudzira makwikwi, zvinoparira makwikwi okukwikwidza, zvinogadzira mabasa akakwirira, uye zvinopedza zvinetso zvinomanikidzira vanhu. Nokutanga mitemo yokutsigira, kuisa mari muzvivako zvemazuva ano, kurovedza tarenda, kuisa mibato yemapuraneti, uye kuvaka masangano okushandira pamwe, vanogona kuchinja nyika dzavo kuti dzive nzvimbo dzavanoda. Basa racho harisi nyore, uye ringaguma nemakumi emakore kuti rizonyatsovakwa. Asi mari inobhadharwa nejeka, mari yakasiyana - siyana inogona kugadziridza zvinhu uye kukwikwidza nyika yose, inoita kuti basa iri rirambe riripo. Vakuru vehurumende vanobvuma basa iri nhasi vachaisa nyika dzavo pakubudirira zvikuru.