Kuderedza Economic Downtuns: Mepu Yevezvemari yeAustralia Kukunaya

Kuderera kwemari kunoedza kuvandudzwa kwemibatanidzwa yenyika ipi neipi. Nyaya ino painonzvera kukura, kushaya mabasa, uye chivimbo chevatengi painenge ichiderera, hurumende dzinofanira kuita chiito nokukurumidza uye nenzira inoshanda. Hurumende dzeAustralia dzinomira pakati penhamburiko iyi, kugadziridza miitiro inodzikamisa misika, kutsigira upenyu, uye kuisa nheyo yekuvharazve kwakasimba. Nyaya ino inoongorora basa reveCercial mukunatsiridza, kuongorora zvose zviri zviviri kupindira kwapakarepo uye nzira dzakarebesa dzakabatsira Australia kugadzirisa zvinetso zvemari kuti ipfuure kuCHOVAID-1918 nedenderedzwa renyika yose rezvidzidzo zvinogona kutorwa nokuda kwokuderera kwomunguva yemberi.

Kuuya Kwevemari yeAustralia Mukudzorwa

Hurumende yeAustralia ndiyo inoita kuti pave nenzvimbo huru yezvemari. Mitoro yayo mikuru inobatanidza kuronga gadziriro yemari, kutarisira mari yehurumende nendyiko, kugovera kufanoziva kwezvemari, uye kuraira Mutengi nehurumende panhau dzemari. Mukati mokuderera kwemari, iyi murairo kunzvimbo yokutanga yakajeka: kuvhara kuderera kwemari nokukurumidzisa kunaya. Kondira yemari inoshanda neReserve Bank yeAustralia (RBA), Department of , uye mamwe masangano kuronga kutsinhiranisa. Zvishandiso zvemari zvinobatanidza matanho apamutemo, zvigadziko dzinoshanda (zvakadai sebetsero dzokushata basa), uye chinjo dzokuvaka zvinhu mumugariro wemari.

Chinoitika chenguva pfupi yapfuura cheAustralia neCOVID-19 chinopa mufananidzo wakajeka. Muna 2020, Treasue yakabetsera kugadzira chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zvepepuko dzemifarwa yemichero munguva yorugare munhau(muvhenganiswa wemibhadharo yakananga, mari yemari, uye tsigiro yebhizimisi iyo yakaderedza njodzi ndokuisa upfumi nokuda kwokunaya kunokurumidza kutarisirwa. Kunzwisisa kuti budiriro inoda zvose zviri zviviri kuyamura nokupfuurirazve, Treacha yemari inogamuchira mutoo wechinguvana wenhambo pfupi nechinjo yenguva refu.

Vaiti Vemitemo Vanokurumidza Nokuda Kwokutsiga Kwenhambo Pfupi

Fiscal Stimulus: Kuisa Upenyu Muzvinhu Zvinodiwa Zvisina Kutsarukana

Chishandiso chakananga zvikurusa muzvombo zveTreasure yezvokushandisa indyiko yakawedzerwa yehurumende. Apo kushaikwa kwavanhu kwomunhu oga kunoderera mukati mekuderera kwemari, chikamu chavanhu chinogona kuzadza mukaha kupfurikidza nendyiko dzakaitirwa shopu panzvimbo dzepfuma, dzidzo, dzidzo, uye mabasa enzanga. Zvirongwa izvi hazvisizvo zvoga zvinoparira kudikanwa kwezvishandiso, zvokufambisa, uye mabasa. Mutengo weAustralia wakarumbidza kare kuti “mari inotengwa yagara iripo” ivedzerwa mari inotengwa nejekachiaiwa, mabhiriji, zvifambiso, uye zvifambiso zvavose, zvisati bedzi zvinoparira kushairwa kwebasa nokukurumidza.

Mukati mekuderera kwemari kweCHOVAD-19, Treasurer yaitarisira Job Dender purogiramu inobhadhara mari yakaderera, iyo yakabhadharisa vashandirwi kuchengeta vashandi, inobudirira kuisa chinodikanwa chavashandi. Yakabatanidzwa ne Job Reserser [[[FLT:]] mubatanidzwa wemari yakawedzera tsigiro nokuda kwerovha, aya matanho akapinza makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora okushanda muupfumi. RBA yakabvumikisa gare gare gare kuti pasina bvumirano yakadaro, GDP yaizodave iri yakakomba kaviri. Fical inoshanda nemhaka yokuti inochengeta simba reimba yokutenga nokuparadza nokutengesa.

  • [ Kushandisa mari [ - mari yezvirongwa zvemagetsi zvinomutsidzirwa
  • Rovedza kutsiviwa kwemari – mibhadharo kumhuri dzinowana dzakaderera napakati kuti dzikudziridze kushandiswa
  • basa rePubism [-rowamabasa outano, edzidzo, uye enzanga

Kuyamura Mutero: Kudzorera Mari Mumatsotsi

Chimwe chinhu chinoshandiswa kuderedza mitero yechinguvana kana kuti mitero inodzorwa. Kupfurikidza nokuderedza mutoro wemitero padzimba namabhizimisi, Treasuero yeTreasure yekuwedzera mari inoraswa ndokukurudzira kupedza mari. Mukuderera kwemari kwapakare, Australia yakatanga mari yokuderedza mutengo wapakarepo, mitemo inokurumidzisa, uye mari yemitero yemari yomunhu oga. Somuenzaniso, 2020-21 Federal Departl Department Bal Bal Balletting yakabatanidza kubviswa kwakakwana kwechinguvana kwepfuma yemabhizimisi, kuchibvumira kubvisa ndyiko yacho yakazara nokukurumidza(chimbiso chokuwedzera mari inonyandura mari mumichina, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye zvishandiso.

Rusununguro rwemitero runoshanda zvikurukuru apo runonangidzirwa kuna avo vane bviro yokushandisa mari yokuwedzera. Vawani vemari vakaderera napakati vane chimiro chendangariro chakakwirira zvikuru chokushandisa, naizvozvo mitero inodzorwa paaya mapoka inoparira wedzero huru yemari. Treasuro inoenzanisira nokungwarira miuyo yemwero ipi neipi yomutero kuva nechokwadi chokuti budiriro newirirano.

Tsigiro Yebhizimisi: Kuchengeta Engineeri Yokuwedzera

Mabhizimisi maduku neaduku anokosha zvikuru muupfumi hweAustralia, anoshandisa inenge hafu yavashandi vemasekete vomunhu oga. Mukati mekuderera kwemari, maSME ane njodzi zvikurukuru nemhaka yemicheto miduku yemhindu, kuganhurirwa kwekukwanisa kubhadhara chikwereti, uye kuvimba nokushandisa mari inosarudzwa. Kondirasi yakadzoresa tsigiro kupfurikidza nemiripo, mari inobvumirwa, uye mari inobhadharwa. purogiramu inodzosa Rounds for Mushandisi mukati me CHOVID-1910] yakagovera mutengo wemitero wemadhorafiti we $100 000 (Z $5 000 000) payatirose, iyo yakabetsera mafekitari akawanda, marendi, magirati, uye mari.

  • [[FT:0] Inopa mari – isingabhadharwi nokuda kwendyiko dzokushandisa
  • Coan vimbiso [ – hurumende yakadzosa chikwereti kupfurikidza namabhangi ezvokutengeserana
  • Rovedzo yakarongwa – mapurogiramu kuvashandi vanopa mari uye kuderedza ndyiko dzemari inobhadharwa

Kubatana Kwepfungwa: Simba Rechiito Chenhengo Dzose

Treasurer haishandi muchinhu chisiri chinhu. Kubatana kwapedyo neReserve Bank yeAustralia (RBA) kunovimbisa kuti batira pamwe yemari inotsigirwa negadziriro yemari inoramba iripo. Mukati medenda racho, mapurogiramu eTreasur akatsigirwa nechisarudzo cheRBA kuderedza uwandu hwemari kusvikira kuuduku hwe0.10% uye kutanga purogiramu inoderedza kuderera kwemitengo, iyo yakachengeta kukwereta nokuda kwedzimba, mabhizimisi, uye hurumende imene.

Musvimo weAustralia (apo Nyungi inoronga gadziriro yemari apo Reserve Bank inodzora nzvimbo yemari(* yave ichirumbidzwa munyika yose nokuda kwokugamuchira kwayo. International Monetary Fund yakataura muna 2021 kuti mhinduro inotsinhiraniswa yeAustralia yakanga iri muenzaniso wedzimwe upfumi hwakakwirira. RBA’s May 2021 paMonetary Policy[ yakasimbisa kuti “tsigiro yemari yave yave yakakomba mukudzivirira kuderera kwemari uye kutsigira kunaya."

Kuvaka Kutsiga Kwenhambo Refu: Kupfuura Nhamo

Kana njodzi yapakarepo yaderera, Treasure yeTreasure yegadziridzo yegadziriro inotsigisa kukura kunotsigisa nokugadziridza zvinodzivisa katyamadzo yomunguva yemberi. Nhau inoratidza kuti kuderera kwemari kunogona kusiya mavanga asingagumi ($anoramba ari marovha, anenge apera, uye mari yapera simba (kana kupora kusingadzokerwi nokufanoziva. Gadziriro refu yenhambo yeZvemari inonangidzira pambiru ina: kuvandudziko nokubudirira, kukura kwehwaro yavanhu, kugadzirwa kwazvino uno uno uno uno uno uno uno uno.

Kuvandudza uye Kugadzira: Vatyairi Vanowedzera Vachideredza Kukura

Upfumi hweAustralia hwakatsamira patsika pakuchera nokurima, asi pashure pokuzviwanisa kunogovera banza rokuwedzera. Imba yeMari inokurudzira kuisa mari mumativi ari kukura akadai sesimba rinomutsidzirwa, ruzivo rwamakombiyuta, kugadzirwa kwazvino uno, uye mabasa outano. Kupfurikidza ne Kunzvera uye Chinjo (R&D) Trusabheki yeBhishopu [[[FLT: 1]], mabhizimisi anogona kutaura kuti mari dzinoshandiswa sechitsama $&D sechitejiriso, inosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemite yemitero. Kuwedzera, [[FLT:] ManFUFUF]

Vashandi vanoshanda zvakanaka vanokosha. Tsamba yePrevention’s International Reports inogara ichisimbisa kubatana kuripo pakati pekubudirira kwebasa nemararamiro. Pashure pokuderera kwemari, bhizimisi rinoendesa kubvisa miganhu uye makwikwi izvo zvinobvisa mhinganidzo yokupinda, kukurudzira bhizimisi, uye kuwedzera kugona kugadzirwa kwemari. Somuenzaniso, ma202020 akatanga matanho okuita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore mukugadziridza zvinhu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti mabhizimisi abudirire kugadzira zvinhu panzvimbo pokuvhara (kuchengetedza simba rokuita kuti zvinhu zvinobudirira zvive zviripo).

  • Chirongwa chegadziriro dzehwaro [ - kufutunuka NBN na5G
  • Kuchinja kwesimba rakachena - chikwereti chemitero nokuda kwezvirongwa zvinomutsidzirwa uye mizinda yehydrogen
  • Tuchigubhu dzinofanana – kuronga rovedzo yebasa nedikanwo yeindasitiri

Guta Guru Revanhu: Dzidzo Nokurovedzazve

Kudzokororwa kwepurogiramu kunokuvadza zvikuru vashandi vaduku naavo vari mumaindasitiri emichina. Vemitengo inoziva kuti vashandi vane unyanzvi, vanochinjika inheyo yokunaya kwenguva refu. Job Proserserserr[ purogiramu, yatangwa muna 2020, inopa nzvimbo dzokurovedza dzapachena kana kuti dzakaderera mukurovedza mumativi okukura akadai setarisiro yakwegura, IT, uye shopu yezvoutano. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, ZVIPINDURA ZVIPI ZVINGAANIS, nehurumende dzakawedzera kusvika kudzidzo yebasa nokudzidzira. Nokushandisa mari yakaderera mudzimbahwe yavanhu, mabhizimisi anoderedza kurovhaka nokushongerwa kwemabasa enguva yemberi.

Dzidzo Sechipo Chikuru

Zvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvinobatira zvinangwa zviviri: zvinogadzira mabasa okuvaka nokukurumidza nokuvandudza simba remari kwamakumi amakore. Treasur irongwa dzinodzorwa nemhiko dzenzanga dzakakwirira(mubatanidzwa wemikoto yemagariro ezvitima, mikoto inotakura zvinhu, nzvimbo dzinomutsidzira magetsi, uye nhano dzemvura. Indasiparasite Invementation Program, inokosheswa ne $120 bhiriyomupidhi rapamusoro zvikurusa reAustralia.

Kuchengetedza Mazai: Kutarisira Tab

Tsinhiro huru dzinowedzera nenzira isingadzivisiki chikwereti chavanhu. Denho yeTreasury ndeyokutsigira kunaya pasina kubvumiranisa kuvimbika kwemari. Australia yakapinda muCHOVAD-19 ine chikwereti chavanhu vose chakaderera zvikuru (kunenge 40% yeGDP), iyo yakaipa simba rakakwana rokukwereta. Gadziriro yemari yemisi yemifungo yemisi inoita kusimbisa chikwereti chevaneti ndokudzorera mari yacho kumura kana mari yasvika pakukwana. Ikoku kunoitika kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wekukura kwemari kunosimudzira mitero, kuderera kwokushandisa mari, uye kubviswa kwezvitsigiro zvechinguvana. Vatarisiri vechikwereti vanochengeta mari inochengetwa yakaderera uye zvishoma nezvishoma mano okupindura njodzi munguva yemberi.

Mishumo yeNzvimbo yeNdengedzero ye 2021 yeInternational Report inoita mabasa okuti pasina chinjo, kupedzera pautano, tarisiro yakwegura, uye National Disability Inishuwarensi Applice Ange anowedzera zvikuru sezvo zera ravagari vemo. Kupedza izvi dzvinyiriro pakuvamba, kupfurikidza negadziridzo nechirango, kunovimbisa kuti kunaya hakudyari mbeu dzedzvinyiriro yenguva yemberi.

Nhau Yakapoteredza: Bhuku reAustralia Rokutamba Rapashure - Recession

Australia yakakwanisa kukurira mamiriro okuderera kweupfumi anoverengeka mumakumi emakore achangopfuura: kuderera kwemari kwakaitika pakutanga kwa1990, kuderera kwemari munyika yose kwa2008 (kunodzivisa Australia zvishoma chete), uye kuderera kwemari kwe2020 kweCHOVID ne19.

Kutanga kwa1990: Zvidzidzo Muchinjo Yegadziriro

Pashure pekuderera kwemari kwa1990-91, Australia yakatanga chinjo duku dzemari dzinoparadzanya.

Dambudziko Remari Munyika Yose: Kuedzwa Kwourombo

Muna 2008-09, zvirongwa zvokukurudzira zveAustralia zvakanga zviri pakati pezvikurusa uye zvakakura zvikuru munyika yakabudirira. Vhingi yakagadzira muvhenganiswa wemari yemari inobhadharwa kuvapunzi vepenjeni nemhuri, mari yegadziriro yakawedzerwa, uye kuvaka Chinjo yeDzidzo[. Mugumisiro wakanga uri mugumisiro wakareruka, wakarebesa mutengo webasa rebasa renyika. Vanotsoropodza vakanongedzera kutsvina uye kusashanda zvakanaka, asi chibvumirano ndechokuti mhinduro yeCCMCS yakadzivisa mugumisiro wakaipa zvikuru. Chinokosha: zvinhu zvinopfuura kukwana.

COVID-19: Mwero Usina Kumboitika

Denda rokuderera kwemari rakanga rakasiana neripi nerokuzvidira kumiswa kwemativi makuru ezvemari. Mhinduro yeTreasury yakanga iri itsva inowirirana: Job Speger, tsigiro yemari yakawedzerwa, uye chikuva chokubatanidza chamamirire etsika chokuparadzira nhomba. GDP yakabatanidzwazve pakati pedzimba mbiri, uye urovha hwakakwira pamwero yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura kutya. Kutaura kwevemari [[FLT: 0] mune zvemari muna July 2022[FL:1] yakashuma kuti basa rakanga rapfuura mwero yepandemu, richisimbisa kuvandudzwa kwemari yeAustralia.

Matambudziko Nengozi Zviri Kutanga Kupora

Kunyange nemiitiro yakasanorongwa, kunaya hakutongovi nevimbiso. Kondirakiti inofanira kufamba nemhepo dzinoverengeka:

  • Dzvinyiriro dzemitengo inokwira - sundo yakanyanyisa inogona kunyanyoshatisa upfumi, kuchitungamirira kukukwira kwemitengo uye mwero wemhindu inopanikirika kunowedzera ikoko kukura kunononoka. Kuwedzera kwepashure peCHOVAD mukukwira kwemitengo (pa 7.8 mukupera kwa2022) kwakamanikidzira RBA kukwidza mwero, kuedza urefu hwokunaya.
  • ganhuriro dzecheni dzinowedzera - katyamadzo dzenyika yose, kuvambira pahondo muUkraine kusvikira kunyanduko dzemagariro ezvamatongerwe enyika, dzinogona kusekesa mari inopinzwa kunze kwenyika ndokuparira ndyiko dzokupinza kunze kwenyika.
  • Kuwana mari [ - mwero yemubereko wakaderera nokudiwa kwekunyandura kwakakwidza mitengo yemba, kusaenzana kunowedzera uye kuparira ngozi dzemari.
  • [ Musungo wepachine nguva – muedzo wokutambanudza mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha unogona kuvhara nokusingagumi kutsamirana ndokuvhiringidza kuisa mari yapachivande.
  • [[FTL:0] Mitemo yetsika [[[FT: 1] – kurongeka, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye zera rokugara kwavanhu kunoda kuchinjika kwenguva dzose; kukundikana kuisa mari mukuchinja kunogona kusiya mativi emari akakuvadzwa zvechigarire.

Hurumende inokurukura izvi kupfurikidza nokuenzanisa, zviitiko, uye kubvunza kunopfuurira nebhizimisi, mibatanidzwa, uye hurumende dzehurumende. Yayo [[FLT: 0]] inogadzira chigadziridzo chenguva dzose icho chinozivisa zvose zviri zviviri hurumende nekariro dzavose, kubetsera chivimbo mukati menguva dzisina kuteererwa.

Kubudirira: Zviratidzo Zvokupora Kwechokwadi

Kunaya hakusati kuchingova bedzi kudzokera kuGDP isati yatanga. Vhinji inonzvera musengwa wakafara wezviratidzo:

  • Kushanda nokutora rutivi – mugove wevashandi veAustralia mumabasa kana kuti kuvatsvaka kunofanira kukwira. Basa risingashandiswi rinofanirawo kuderera sezvo migariro inofanira kuvandudzika.
  • [[[FT:0] [ - shoo yebhizimisi, zvikurukuru muzvinhu zvinobereka zvibereko, zviratidzo zvechivimbo nesimba nokuda kwokukura kwomunguva yemberi.
  • Kukura kwemari - kuwedzera kwemari inotambirwa kunoratidza kuti misika yebasa iri kutsikinyidzana uye vashandi vanogoverana mubudiriro.
  • [ Kuchengeteka kwechitsama - reshiyo yechikwereti chemambure kuGDP inofanira kudzikamisa uye pakupedzisira kuderera sezvo upfumi hunokura.
  • [[[FT:0] Mipimo isingaenzaniswi – kunaya kunosiya mhuri dzinowana mari shoma kana kuti nzvimbo dzisina kukwana. Treasureri inokamura migadziro yemipimo yebhajeti.

Nguva Yemberi: Kugadzirira Kuchinja Kunotevera

Basa reNzvimbo haitongogumi. Kunyange mukati mekuwedzera, inoedzesera miuyo inobvira yezvikwereti, manyuko, magwenya, kuvhuvhura, kunze kwenzvimbo dzinodzoka. Kubatanidza kuchengeta nzvimbo yezvikwereti (kusvikira ku-GDP munguva dzakanaka), kuvandudza zvitsigiso zvinoshanda (zvakadai sechengeteko yenzanga inogamuchira zvikuru), uye kunzvera dzvinyiriro gadziriro yemari. Kusikwa kwe Relief ne Resience Agency[[FLD1]] muna 201] kunoratidzira chinjo kugadziridzo yemagariro yemagariro yenzanga pane kugadziridza kugadziridza kugadziridza kupfuurira kwemibato yemigariro yemigariro yemigariro yemigariro yemigariro yenhamo.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunoparira ngozi yechienzi yenguva refu. Treasue iri kukudziridza gadziriro dzemari dzinoshanda uye kunzvera kushanda kwecarbon princing parutivi pe Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment neMvura. Kuchinja kwekaro yemotokari kwakaderera kunogona kuva manyuko okukura namabasa kana akanyatsogona, asi kunoda kusanongwarira kubatira nokutsigira nzanga dzinotapukirwa. [[FLT:] 2023-24 pepanhau reZhizha rokuchengetedza pakugadziridza mamiriro okunze enzvimbo yakapoteredza ringatsanangura kugadzirwa kwenjodzi, kugadziridzwa hydrogen, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba.

mhedziso

Basa reTreasurence mukunaya kwapashure pekunaya kweTreence yeAustralia rinopfuura kunyora kunzvera. Iro inyanzvi inoronga gadziriro yezvemari, inodzikamisa zvinodikanwa zvenguva pfupi nenharidzano refu. Kupfurikidza nekachirongwa kemitero, yamuro yemitero, tsigiro yebhizimisi, uye batira pamwe chete neReserve Bank, yakaratidza yaratidzazve mano okutungamirira upfumi panyongano. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kunyanyova nechinhu chitsva, dzimbahwe ravanhu, manyuko, uye kuchengeteka kwemitevero inovimbisa kuti kunaya hakusati kuchingova bedzi kudzokera kumugariro, asi nheyo yezve, yakasimba zvikuru, inopfuura, uye inosimba zvikuru mune zvoupfumi.

Chinyorwa cheAustralia chenhau yenhau chaidzongonyedzwa nechekuderera kwemari muna 2008, kudzokera shure zvikuru kubva kuCOVID-19(8) kunodzivirira zvikuru kuoma kweTreasury nokudisa kuisa zvishandiso zvisina kubatana. Asi nguva yemberi ichaunza kuedza kutsva. Basa revezvemari rinopfuurira mune zvemari mumugariro wenzvimbo, kuchinja kwemichina, uye kuronga kwavagari vemo kunovimbisa kuti nyika haikwanisi kuvandudza bedzi kuderera pakuderera kwemari asi kudzivirira zvakaipisisa zvazvo kubatira. Nokuda kwevagadziri vemiitiro yemitemo, mabhizimisi, uye vagari vemo vemo vakafanana, kunzwisisa iri bhuku rezvokutamba chinhu chinokosha kufambisa mamiriro okunze oupenyu husingadzivisiki.