Raje Sabra: Mugadziri Wemitemo Yenyika Dzose yeIndia Yezvokutengeserana Nezvokutengeserana

Gadziriro yemitemo yeIndia nokuda kwokutengeserana kwamarudzi ose haisati ichiumbwa chose chose neLok Sabha kana kuti bazu guru. Rajiya Sabhaha, seUpper House of Paramente, inoshandisa pesvedzero yakananga uye kazhinji kazhinji inosarudzwa pamusoro pemitemo inodzora mutevedzero wemitemo yemari. Nepo Rajiya Sabhaha inowanzokurukurwa mumugariro wemireza yehurumende kana kuti senzvimbo inogadziridza, basa rayo chairo mumiitiro yebhizimisi, kusimbisa zvibvumirano, uye kunatsa mutemo wezvo zvokutengeserana zvinofanirwa zvikuru nenzvero. Nyaya inonzvera kuti masimba emitemo yeSabha, mabasa edare, uye magariro etsika inodzoro akananga shavo muIndia nemisika yapasi pose.

Masangano Ebumbiro Remitemo: Chikonzero Nei Raje Sabha Aine Nhau Dzebhizimisi

Chiremera chaRaje Sabra munhau dzebhizimisi chinobva muZvikamu 245-255 zveBumbiro reMitemo, izvo zvinorondedzera simba reParamende rokubatanidza nhau dziri muNhevedzano yeUnion, kubatanidza “kutengeserana kwedzimwe nyika nokutengeserana” ne“ purogiramu” (Mitemo yaMabasa ya53). Kusafanana neLok Sabhaha, Rajiya Sabba haisi pasi pekupfuurira kunobvumira kuongororwa kukuru kwezvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvenguva refu. Uyezve, pasi peChikamu 253, Paramende inogona kuita mitemo yokushandisa zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose nezvibvumirano, asi kunoitwa kwakadaro kunoda kutenderwa kwedzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti mabasa eRajavia Sabba adzo mubhizimisi mukurukurirano yezvokutengeserana.

Zvikamu Zvamarudzi Akawanda Zvinotarira - tarira: Basa Rokuchengeta Gate reRaje Sabha

Rimwe resimba gurusa(nerezviduku) rinonzwisiswa nejeko raRaje Sabha ibasa raro mukutendera zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose nezvibvumirano zvinotapura kutengeserana. Bazu guru rinotaurirana nezvibvumirano zvezviratidzo, asi izvo zvinoda chinjo kumutemo wemhuri kana kuti kuisa misengwa yemari inofanira kutenderwa neParamende. Rajiya Sabha, anomirira fariro dzenyika, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anounza mirangariro yemari yeruwa. Somuenzaniso, chibvumirano chokushambadzira kunobetsera zviteshi zvomumhenderekedzo dzegungwa asi miganhuro yokurima yomukati ingatarisana necherekedzo hurusa muWeast House.

Nzvero Dzokutongwa Kwemhosva: Kubvumirana Pamutemo Kwokutengeserana Nekuongorora KwepaParamende

Kuongorora kweFree Trade Agreements dzeIndia neASEAN, South Korea, Japan, uye nguva pfupi yapfuura, kunoratidza izvi. Nepo Lok Sabhaha ichigona kupfuudza mutemo nenhamba dzawo, Rajiya Sabhaha dare rinowanzofumura ndyiko dzakavanzika kana kuti kusagadzikana kwemitengo. Muna 2022, Dare reParamente Stance paChwenget, rakagarwa nenhengo yeRaja Sabhaha, rakabudisa mushumo pamusoro pemazano eFTA, kusimbisa miganhuro yemagariro nedziviriro dzeindasitiri yebhizimisi. Mishumo yakadaro, nepo isingatsigiri mirangariro yavose yavose uye chiito chavose. Nenzira yakafanana, Rajaya Shab panhau yeIndia yeUAEhen, yakabudisa mubatanidzwa wezvero yezvero yezvemari inodzoro yehurumende inodzorwa kujekerwa kupfurikidza nokubudiswa kwehurumende 202222.

Nokuda kwetsananguro ine udzame yenzira iyo muitiro wokuita chibvumirano weIndia unoshanda nayo, ona [[FLT: 0] ministry of External Affairs on ratiation [[FLT: 1].

Raje Sabra neMiti Mizhinji Yezvekutengeserana

Misengwa yeIndia muWorld Trade Organization (WTO) inodawo kutsigirwa kwemitemo yomumba. Rajiya Sabha akakurukura mapepa anoverengeka eWTO ane chokuita nebhizimisi, kubatanidza ayo ezvokutengeserana, kodzero dzezvokutenga zvinhu, uye mari yokurima. Muna 2017, Rajiya Sabba Sabha akapfuudza Dare reCFORM (Amendment) Bill kuti awirirane neWTO Tradealiation Act(*) asi pashure bedzi pokukurukurirana kwakakomba pamusoro pezvine chokuita navatengesi vaduku uye mari inodzorwa.

Kushandisa Mitemo Yezvokutengeserana Mudzimba Nokuda Kwokubatanidzwa Kwenyika Yose

Kubva pakubvumiranwa, Raje Sabha anoumba nokushingaira gadziriro dzemitemo dzomumba dzinotsigira kutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda. Mitemo yeBhuku reChiteshi cheCMS yakadai seCroms Act, Foreign Trade (Kutengesa uye Kudzosera) Act, uye Special Economic Zonetic Act (Unhu hweMapoka) Act kana kuti inogadziridzwa neParamende, uye mashoko eRajya Sabba anowanzonatsiridza gadziriro dzavo.

Mitemo Yemitemo Nemitemo Yetsika

Vatongi chishandiso chikuru chemiitiro yebhizimisi, uye chinjo dzipi nedzipi kumabasa etsika dzinoda kugadziriswa kwemitemo. Raje Sabha Sabha nguva dzose anokakavadzana nezvezvikwereti zvetsika, achinangidzira ngwariro pamiuyo yemari, muuyo paigadzirwa zvinhu zvepamba, uye mitoro inodzorwa pavanotengesa. Somuenzaniso, mukati mokupfuudzwa kweBhili reMari yeMari yeMari, 2023, 2023, Rajaya Sabhaha nhengo dzakatanga kugadziridza kugadziridza mabasa okugadzira zvinhu zvinonetsa pakugadzira mabharabhu ezuva nea zvinofambisa bhizimisi reIndia gare gare gare rakachinja bhizimisi reIndi resimba rinomutsidzira kushambadza simba reMitengo (Amend delcial Law), 20211, yakagoverawo chikuva chirongwa chemitengo chemitezo yemaindasitiri kuti ive nokugadzirwa kwemibato inorwisana nemari.

Nzvimbo Chaidzo Dzezvemari (SAZ) uye Kusimudzira Kunotengeswa Kumwe

Special Zonetics Act, 2005, inodzora nzvimbo dzinotumirwa zvinhu kuIndia, yakapfuudzwa pashure penharo huru mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Rajiya Sabra, zvikurukuru, yakamanikidzirwa kudzivirira pakuwana nzvimbo, kodzero dzebasa, uye kugoverana mari pakati pehurumende. Kugadziridzwa kweSEZ Act kwaidiwa kutenderwa kubva kuUpper House, kubvumira Rajiya Sabbaha kubva kunyika dzakadai seMaharashtra neTamil Nadu kuti ireverevere zvikarakadzo zvenyika itsva kana kuti kupunzirwa kwemitero yeSEZ yemitero inosimupinzwa kunze kwenyika kuchiri kutarisana neRajiya Sabbaha inoongororwa, ichiratidza pesvedzero inogara mudzimba dzokusimutsidziridziridziridzo.

Kodzero Dzezvinhu Nezvokutengeserana Zvinopiwa Nevatongi

Mitemo inodzora mishonga, purogiramu yemazai, uye zvinhu zvokugadzira zvinhu. Raje Sabha yakakurukura mitemo mizhinji yeIP, kubatanidza Patens (Amendment) Act neCopyright (Amendment) Act. Muna 2020, Rajiya Sabha’s Departing Committee yeIP yakanzvera simba remitemo yeIP pamisengwa yeTHOP pasi peWTO’S TRIPS Reconfict. Rumbiso rwokusimbisa gadziriro dzinomanikidzirwa dzakagamuchirwa murutivi, kuratidza kuti imba yeWepper ingabatanidza sei muitiro weIP. Nokuda kwemitengo yeIndiya, shanyo yeIP, Office yeIn [FL:]

Matare Semaenjini Okuongorora Zvebhizimisi

Gadziriro yedare reRaje Sabra zvichida ndicho chishandiso charo chine simba zvikurusa chokupesvedzera mitemo yezvokutengeserana. Kusafanana neLok Sabha, uko matare angadzorwa nemitezo yebato inotonga, Raje Sabha Sabha kazhinji kazhinji ane mitezo yakafara yeyapamhenga neyounyanzvi. Matare makuru anobatanidza:

  • Tsamba dzinobatanidzwa neParamende Dare raSimira reChambero: Kuhwirudzura mabhiri ane chokuita nebhizimisi, kunzvera zvinodikanwa zvemari yemari yebasa rokutengeserana, uye kugadzirira mishumo pamusoro penhau dzebhizimisi. Mitezo inobatanidza vamiriri vanobva kunyika nezviteshi zvikuru zvengarava zvinosiiwa, mirwi inosimudzirwa kunze kwenyika, uye mabhande okugadzira.
  • Committee on External Affairs and Defence: Zvibvumirano zvesainzi zvine zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvokutengesa, zvakadai sezvibvumirano zvokuwana zvombo kana kuti zvibvumirano zvokutengesa.
  • Sarudza Matare paMari dzeTrade: Akagadzwa nokuda kwemabhiri akati (mutoo, Trade Marks Bill, 2022), aya matare anokoka vachengeti vemari ndokutumira mapepa ane udzame.

Kuchinja Kunoita Mishumo Yedare

Muenzaniso unocherekedzwa mushumo 2021 weCommittee Stance on Commerce on the Customs (Amendment) Bill. Dare, rakatungamirirwa neRaja Sabba mutezo, rakarumbidza kufutunura rondedzero ye “vatendi vepedyo” mukutamisa mitemo inodzorwa kuti iwirirane nenhungamiro dzeOECD. Hurumende yakagamuchira rumbidzo, uye kugadziridzwa kwakabatanidzwa mumutemo wokupedzisira. Mienzaniso yakadaro inoenzanisira kuti pesvedzero yaRajiya Sabbaha haisiwo zvayo yetsikanongodzo inodzorwa asi inongova pasi peOECD.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pebasa ramatare eparamende kubva panzvimbo yepanzvimbo yepanzvimbo yeparamende Raja Sabba Sabha yepamutemo[[FLT: 1].

Gakava, Kugadziridzwa, uye Simba Rokunonoka

Pasi peChikamu 107 cheBumbiro reMitemo, mutezo unogona kuvamba muImba ipi neipi, kunze kweMari Mabhii. Mabhiri ebhizimisi asina kurongwa seMari (mutoo, kugadziridzwa kweTrade Act, SEZ Act) anogona kutangwa muRajiya Sabha. Kunyange apo zvikwereti zvinobva muLok Sabba, Rajisha Sabha anogona kuzvinonotsa kusvikira kumwedzi mitanhatu (kana kuti, maererano nokushanda, kana pane kurovhara kwepasi). Iri simba rinononoka rinomanikidza hurumende kuti rikurumidze kukurukura, zvikurukuru apo chigaro chinotonga chinoshaiwa voruzhinji muUpper House.

Zvii zvaifanira kuitwa neRaje Sabra Amendments to Trade Realmeds

Muna 2019, mukati mokupfuudzwa kweFrandment Foreign Trade (Development neRegation) Bill, Raje Sabba yakabvisa zvirango zvakasimba zvokutengesa nokutengesa nyika uye kuraira kuhwirudzurwa kwegadziriro dzokusimudzira kutengeserana makore matatu ari ose. Hurumende yakagamuchira kugadziriswa uku pashure pokumira kupfupi. Nenzira yakafanana, Rajiya Sabha kuomerera pakuisa muganhu wokunyura kwezuva muMutemo weTraxiactiation Act, 2021* (idzoro inoshatsa mitero yaishairira kutsakatikairira mitero pamakambani okumwe marudzi. Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti Rajaya Awabha anotenderwa muganhu wokufananidzira; iwo anotakura kurema kwomutemo.

“ Kuwedzera Kuparadzaniswa” Mukurukurirano Dzebhizimisi

Chinyorwa chaRaje Sabba . Mameset akasarudzwa namagungano ehurumende emitemo uye inosvika 12 emitezo yakaiswa pasi pevhu kubva muminda yakadai semabhuku, sayenzi, uye basa renzanga zvinounza shongwe younyanzvi mumagakava ezvokutengeserana. Rajiya Sabba ine mamiriro okunze ezvokutengeserana anobatanidza vaichimbova vanyori vezvokutengeserana, nyanzvi dzemari, uye vatungamiriri vemaindasitiri. Unyanzvi inhau idzi pakurukurirano panhau dzehurumende, kutumira mari, uye kupindura. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekurukurirano paInnondinccy neBankruptic Code (IBC) inowirirana nedzo yezvokutengeserana munkirement, Rajaha nemitezo yepamutemo yakagoverwa zvibvumikiso pamusoro pokuzivikanwa nemitemo yokumwe nyika, achipesvedzera zvakananga rugwaro rwokupedzisira.

Muenzaniso: Raje Sabra vs. Lok Sabha in Trade Legislation

Nepo Lok Sabha inowanzofambisa nhano yenzira yomutemo yokushambadza, Rajiya Sabha inoshanda sekamuri rokunatsiridza. Tambo 1 (isinoratidzwa muHTML, asi inorondedzerwa) inoenzanisa mabasa avo: Lok Sabba anotanga zviteshi zvemari inodzorwa (mapepa, mabasa etsika) pasi pomugwagwa weMoney Bill, nepo Rajiya Sabba inona pasiri mari yokushamba mitemo yokushambadzira, bvumirano, uye kuongorora kwenguva refu. Rajiya Sabha haagoni kuramba Money Bills asi anogona kurumbidza kutsigira, uko Lok Saha angagamuchira kana kuti arambe. Muitiro, hurumende inowanzobatanidza Rajaya Sabra zvikarakadzo zvokudzivisa kufa.

Uyezve, mutambi wechigarire weRajiya Sabhaha unoreva kuti unobata mutemo webhizimisi mukati menzvimbo dzokuzorora kana kuti pashure pokuparadza kweLok Sabha, uchivimbisa kupfuurira. Somuenzaniso, mukati me 2019-2024 REVRENum pashure pokuparadza kwe 17 kweLok Sabhaha, Rajiya Sabhaha yakapfuurira kukurukura Mitemo mizhinji yeCooperative Societies (Amend) Bill, iyo yakatapura batira pamwe dzezvokurima. Uku kupfuurira kunokosha nokuda kwemitemo yebhizimisi inoda zviratidzo zvemiitiro inowirirana.

Matambudziko Aripo Iye Zvino uye Kutungamirira Kweramangwana

Kudzikamisa Uchangamire Nokusapindira Kwenyika Yose

Chiraja Sabra inova pesvedzero yakananga apo mitemo yezvokutengeserana inova inotapura nhau dzinotambudza dzakadai semitemo yematai ebasa, mitemo yekomunitarisi, uye chengeteko yemari. Mutengo wokudzivirira masvingo wemapepa, unokurukurwa mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, une revo dzezvokutengeserana dzakananga nemhaka yokuti inotapura kudarika kwemikana yemitengo inotenderera mamiriro ezvinhu echinyakare. matare eRajiya Sabba akasundira nokuda kwegadziriro dzakasimba zvikuru dzemataunziro ouchangamire hwenhau, anoratidzira nyevero yeWearter House pamusoro pedzo yokudzora kwechiregime. Nenzira yakafanana, nharo pamusoro pechidhigiric India Act Acts anobatanidza Raja Sya Syahaha kuongororwa miserongerwo yemiteko yezvokutengeserana muw yeWTO paEcommer.

Chibvumirano Chokuparadza

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti chibvumirano cheRaje Sabba chinobvumira chibvumirano chinononoka zvikuru, chinononotsa mano eIndia okusaina nokushandisa zvirongwa zvebhizimisi nokukurumidza. Mumhinduro, hurumende yakaedza kubvunza kwe “pamberi pezvibvumirano zveparamende,” ichikoka mitezo yeRajiya Sabba kuti ipfuure pamberi pokuvamba kwehurukuro. Ikoku kunobvumira kuti Imba yeUpper ipinde nokukurumidza pasina kudzokororwa. Gadziriro yetsika, zvichida kupfurikidza neDare reTreant, yaigonazve kupinzazve muitiro wacho apo yaichengeta dare reRajiya Sabbaha.

Kupengenutsa Kuona Zvakajeka

Imwe nzvimbo yokuvandudza ikokuwana kwavose kweRajiya Sabbaariat mishumo yedare rokushambadza. Nepo mishumo yavo ichibudiswa paIndaneti, rumbidzo dzayo dzinowanzovigwa mupendindindi. Kupfuudza kukuru nokuparadzira kungagona kubetsera mabhizimisi navatengesi kunzwisisa vavariro yemitemo yezvokutengeserana. Rajiya Sabbariat kuvandudza kusvika kwamagetsi, asi zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mipiro yeHoro inonzwisiswa zvikuru. Rajiya Sabra dare razvino uno rinoshuma, shanyira [[FLT:] Saga Komiti yeSabja Stocks [[FLT]]

Mugumo: Imba yapamusoro SeNhaka Yezvokutengeserana

Pesvedzero yaRaje Sabra pamitemo yenyika yose yeIndia yezvokutengeserana nezvokutengeserana inopfuudzira kure chiono chakakurumbira chenzvimbo inodzokororwa. Kuvambira pakudzosa FTAs kudzongonyedza mirangariro yetsika, kubva kumiitiro yeSEZ kusvikira kuIP hurumende, Mutemo House unoumba gadziriro yapamutemo inodzora kubatanidzwa kwebhizimisi renyika yose yeIndia nemari yenyika yose. Gadziriro yayo inogovera ukuru hwenzvero; tsika yekurukurirano yayo inovimbisa kuti manzwi akasiyana-enjawulo enharaunda nenyanzvi dzinonzwiwa; uye masimba ayo emitemo inoshanda sechiito chokukurumidza. Sezvo India inokurukura zvibvumirano zvitsva zvokutengesa uye kudzosa nzira yayo yokutengesa zvinhu, Rajya Sabba acharamba ari mugadziri wemapurani wemapurani wezvokutengeserana wenyika.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pamusoro pegadziriro yemiitiro yezvokutengeserana yeIndia, ona Mistry of Exchange and Industry ne yeIndiya.