Chimiro chenhau cheJapan chakaumbwa kare nemubatanidzwa wakaoma wepesvedzero, pakati pawo fariro dzebhizimisi dzine basa rakatanhamara nerinogara. Ukama pakati pesangano reJapan nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika renyika hwakadzika midzi, huchitapura chinhu chiri chose kubva kumibato yemibato yebhizimisi kukuita kuti pave nenzvimbo yokutanga yehurumende netsororo. Kunzwisisa simba iri kunokosha mukunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei muTokyo, zvikurukuru panhau dzinovambira pakuchinja kwemitengo nokuchinja simba uye kudzora kwemasangano ebhizimisi. Nepo pesvedzero yebhizimisi kazhinji kazhinji inoumbwa semubatanidzwa wemibato webhizimisi unosunda kukura kwezvemari, kunomutsawo mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pokuzvidavirira kwedemo yedemo yehurumende, kutora zvinhu zvehurumende, uye mutengo pakati pemari yemari yavose, uye mutengo pakati pemhindu yavose.

Basa Rebhizimisi Mumatongerwe Enyika eJapan

Fariro dzebhizimisi muJapan hadzishandi pamativi egadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika; dzakasimbiswa zvikuru mukati mayo. Masangano namasangano amaindasitiri anotora rutivi nokushingaira kupfurikidza nemipiro yemari, kukwevera kwakarongwa uye kusakurirwa kweukama hwenguva refu navezvamatongerwe enyika vakuru uye vapfumi. Uku kuvimbisa hakusati kuri kungoitawo zvako asi kazhinji kazhinji kunopfuurira, namapoka ebhizimisi anotsvaka kuumba purogiramu dzemitemo yokuchengeteka yemiuyo yemitemo yebasa, mutero, uye zviteshi zvemipimo yemitezo yebhizimisi. Muuyo wacho imhoteredzo yehurumende umo itiro dzebhizimisi dzinomiririrwa nguva dzose, kazhinji kazhinji neuremu hukuru hukuru hukuru hukuru.

Mashoko Acho: Iron Triangle

Nguva yapashure peHondo Yenyika II yakanga yakagadzirirwa ukama hwazvino uno pakati pebhizimisi nezvamatongerwe enyika muJapan. Mukati menhambo yokuvakazve nokukura kwezvemari nokukurumidza, mubatanidzwa une simba werwendo wakavapo, unowanzonzi "Iron Triangle". Iri shoko rinorondedzera kusimbisana pakati pamapoka matatu: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), iyo yakatonga Japan kwakawanda zvikurusa munguva yeshure kwehondo; hurumende yakatanhamara yebureaucrat mumiteshinari yakadai seMinistry yeEcony, Trace neHMIST (MET) uye Undukoristry yeMarime; uye utungamiriri hwemasangano makuru emari nesangano ezvemaindaneti.

Iyi batano yakashanda kupfurikidza negadziriro yebetsero dzinodzorwa. Vezvamatongerwe enyika vakavimba nebhizimisi nokuda kwemipiro yenhimbe netsigiro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Vamiririri vaMabasa vakatsamira pabatira pamwe yesangano kuti vaite muitiro wenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa nokuchengetedzwa kwemari. Uyewo, mabhizimisi akagamuchira mirauriro yakanaka, kusvika kumaitiro okuita zvisarudzo, uye dziviriro pamakwikwidzani okunze. Iron Triangle yakanga isiri sangano repamutemo asi mubatanidzwa wakadzika midziro yakaumba mamiriro ezvinhu eJapan endangariro nemitemo, umo hurumende nebhizimisi zvakashandira mukuwana zvinangwa zvoupfumi. Nepo iyi gadziriro yakaunza makumi amakore okubudirira, yakaparirawo kugadziriswa nokusatenderwa, sokubetserwa kwakatorerwa kwakabva mumugariro wehurumende.

Kufurirwa uye Zvinetso Zviripo Mazuva Ano

Nhasi, pesvedzero yefariro dzebhizimisi inoramba iri huru, kunyange zvazvo mhoteredzo yokushanda yachinja zvikuru. Kuputika kwomutengo wepfuma mumavambo a1990, kuderera kwezvemari kwakatevera, uye chinjo dzezvamatongerwe enyika zvose zvakachinja nzvimbo. Yaichimbova itimangi yeIron Triangle yakanetesa, zvikurukuru simba rebureauscrat rine chokuita navezvamatongerwe enyika navatungamiriri vebhizimisi. Zvisinei, pesvedzero yesangano ramabasa yakachinja ndokupfuurira nokujeka zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo isina simba duku, mikoto.

Zvinetso zvazvino uno zvinobatanidza nzvero dzinowedzerwa dzavanhu dzemari inoshambadzwa yezvamatongerwe enyika, kuraira kunowedzera kwomutoro wemakambani, uye mhoteredzo yezvinobudisa nhau dzakakamu zvakasiana - siana. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti pesvedzero yebhizimisi yakanyanyisa inogona kutungamirira kumitemo inotsigira mabhizimisi makuru pamabhizimisi maduku, vashandi, uye vatengi. Somuenzaniso, nhamburiko dzokubvisa muganhu dzinobetsera masangano makuru ane pfuma kuti agadzirire nokukurumidza, nepo chinjo dzezve bhizimisi dzingava dzinoparira kuchinjika nokuda kwechengeteka kwebasa. Kuoma kwebhizimisi rinonyanyova namabhizimisi nokuda kwemakwikwikwi okukwikwidza ezvemari uye kudzivirira miitiro yehurumende inopesana nepesvedzero isina kufanira dzinoramba dziri kurukurirano huru mumatongerwe enyika echiJapan.

Mitoo Yokubatanidzwa Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Fariro dzebhizimisi dzinoshandisa mhatsa yemiitiro kuti dzipesvedzere pabato rezvamatongerwe enyika reJapan. Iyi mitoo inovambira pamipiro yemari yakananga kusvikira kuzvimiro zvamanomano zvikuru zvokuvaka ukama negadziriro. Kunzwisisa izvi zviteshi zvinokosha nokuda kwokuyera ukuru hwesimba rebhizimisi mugadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mipiro Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokushandisa

Mipiro yemari yakananga ndimumwe wemibato inooneka zvikurusa neinomutsa nharo. Mupasi pePholitical Funds Control Act yeJapan, masangano uye mamwe masangano anobvumirwa pamutemo kuita mipiro kumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika nevezvamatongerwe enyika, pasi pemiganhu yakati nemhedziso yokuzivisa. LDP yave iri mugamuchiri mukuru wemipiro yesangano, inowana mari yakawanda mumaindasitiri akadai semari, kugadzirwa, mishonga, uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Iyi mipiro inowanzopinzwa kupfurikidza nemari yebato kana kuti namasangano anotsigira mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika mamwe namamwe, anozivikanwa se

Mwero wemari yebhizimisi unopa mabhizimisi simba guru. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru ayo asina mitezo mikuru yemitezo yakafara, anotsamira paiyi mipiro kutsigira nhimbe dzesarudzo dzinodhura namabasa ebato. Vashandisi havapi pasina kariro; ivo vanotsvaka chaizvoizvo kusvika nepesvedzero. Ikoku kunoparira chirongwa chine simba uko zvirongwa zvingaumbwa nenzira yamanomano kuti zviwirirane nefariro dzebhizimisi, zvikurukuru panhau dzezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa uko ngwariro yavose yakaderera asi mari yakakwirira.

Kupambadza uye Kurambidza Kushandisa Mitemo

Kupfuura mipiro yemari, fariro dzebhizimisi dzinopinda mukupesvedzera kukuru nokupinza mutemo. Motokari yakatanhamara zvikurusa yaikoku iJapan Business Federation, inozivikanwa se Keidan[. Keidan inzvimbo yebhizimisi ine simba zvikurusa neremitemo, inomirira masangano makuru 1 500 namasangano akawanda eindasitiri. Inoita basa ramasangano ezvematongerwe enyika, hurumende, uye hofisi yomukuru mukuru wehurumende panhau dzakafararira, kubva pakugadziriswa kwemitero nesimba kuenda kumiitiro yebhizimisi nesangano rebhizimisi.

Pesvedzero yeKeidanren inowanwa kwete bedzi muchivako chayo chomutezo asiwo mumano aro okubudisa zvikarakadzo zvemiitiro zvine udzame nenzvimbo dzinobatanidza mumaindasitiri. Sangano rinopa nguva dzose kutaura kwemiitiro nerumbidzo, izvo zvinorangarirwa zvakakomba navaiti vemitemo. Makambani mamwe namamwe anogamuchirawo zvakananga, kazhinji kazhinji anoshandisa aichimbova vabureaucrates kana kuti vezvamatongerwe enyika sevatungamiriri vadzori kufambisa nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika nemitemo. Iri suo rinochinjika pakati pezvikamu zvavose nezvisiri zvavanhu, zvinozivikanwa se maakalidhiri [madenti] [5] [made])], rinobetsera mibato yepesvedzero yemasangano inoita kuti igovetedzero.

Kuchinja - chinja Musuo Pakati Pebhizimisi neHurumende

Gadziriro inoparira maamatratori rutivi rwakasiana rwehurumende yeJapan inosimbisa pesvedzero yebhizimisi. Mabhinya makuru, pakurega basa rehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji anova nenzvimbo dzavakuru vakuru mumakambani enzvimbo dzawo epanyika aichimbotungamirira. Uyu muitiro unoparira sundo ine simba nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvavo zveburedator nefariro dzebhizimisi, sezvo kariro dzavo dzepokushandira dzinotsamira pakuchengeta ukama hwakanaka neindasitiri. Nepo chinjo mumakore achangobva kupfuura dzakatsvaka kuganhurira mativi makurusa e , muitiro unopfuurira kumitsetse yavo yebasa pakati pemazasitiki nezvinodzokororwa.

Kurutivi rwezvamatongerwe enyika, vezvamatongerwe enyika vakawanda vakarega basa vanochinjawo kuva zvikwata zvemakambani kana kuti mabasa okuronga. Iri sangano ravashandi pakati pamakambani rinotsigira tsika yokunzwisisana nefariro dzakafanana, asi rinomutsawo funganyo pamusoro perwisano dzefariro nokuderera kwokutarisira kwokuzvimirira. Kubvisazve misuo kunovimbisa kuti mirangariro yebhizimisi inosanosimudzirwa mukati mehurumende uye kuti mibatanidzwa yemiitiro inoramba yakadzikama uye ichisimba.

Kutapura Kudzora uye Kudzora

Miitiro inoverengeka inokosha inoratidza kuti zvinhu zvebhizimisi zvinorongwa munyika yose zvinoumba sei zvinhu zvinorongwa, kazhinji kazhinji nemigumisiro inokosha yezvikamu zvakasiyana - siyana zvenzanga.

Kudzorwa Kwomutemo Wemari

Fariro dzebhizimisi dzave dziri tsigiro dzechinjo nedzokuterama kwemari, zvikurukuru chifo cha 1990 apo kuderera kwezvemari kwenguva refu kweJapan kwakanyandura kutsvaka chinjo dzezvivako. Keidan namamwe mapoka ebhizimisi vakasundira nokuda kwemitero yebhizimisi, mitemo yebasa yakaregeredza, uye miganhu yakaderedzwa kumakwidzani okunze akadai semari nemushonga. Zvizhinji zveidzi kurukurirano dzakawana vateereri vanogamuchira mukati me LDP, iyo yakaronda purogiramu yebhizimisi rakafara mumitezo yebhizimisi pasi pezvirongwa zvemitengidziro inotevedzerwa.

Zvisinei, kubvisa upfumi hakubatsiri mabhizimisi ose zvakaenzana. Masangano makuru ane simba rokukwikwidza mumisika yapanyika kazhinji kazhinji anowana zvakawanda, nepo mabhizimisi maduku namaindasitiri akadzivirirwa angaparapatika kugadziridza. Ikoku kwakaderedza kusaenzana kwemari uye kwakaparira kuderera kwemari yomunharaunda. Zvisarudzo zvemitemo panhau dzakadai sokuwana mari yezvokurima nemiraudzo yezvokutengeserana zvinoratidza kuva pakati pezvakanakira vagadziri vezvokutengeserana vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye masangano ezvitoro, nezvinowanzova zvinobudirira nemhaka yematongerwe avo makuru enyika.

Kuchinja Kunoita Zvinhu Mumabasa

Muitiro webasa ndiimwe nzvimbo umo fariro dzebhizimisi dzinopa pesvedzero huru. Mumakumi maviri amakore apfuura, Japan yakatanga nhevedzano yemitevedzero yemibato yebasa yakawedzera kushandiswa kwavashandi vasiri venyika, vakadai savashandi venguva isina kuzara uye vechinguvana. Uku kuchinja kwakatsigirwa zvakasimba namapoka ebhizimisi anotsvaka kuchinjika kukuru mukuroja nokupfura, zvikurukuru nokuda kwamakwikwidzano enyika yose uye kusava netsekero yemari.

Nepo idzi chinjo dzakawedzera kuwanikwa kwemhindu yekambani nenhamba dzemabasa, dzakabetserawo kukwira kwemibayiro nokusachengeteka kwebasa nokuda kweboka rinokura ravashandi. Pesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yebhizimisi yakaita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuita matanho okudzivisa, zvakadai sedziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwavashandi vasiri vehurumende kana kuti chinjo kumisika yebasa. Mibatanidzwa yebasa, yakabatanidzwa namasangano anoshora, yakatamburira kuwirirana nesimba rinokweverwa refariro dzebasa, kuchiguma nemiuyo inoguma kuti ikenderere kumipimo kumipimo yebasa kumushandirwi.

Zvibvumirano Zvekutengeserana Nezvenyika Yose

Kusvika kweJapan kubvumirano dzebhizimisi dzamarudzi ose kwakapesvedzerwa zvikuru nefariro dzebhizimisi. Kurondwa kwehurumende yeTrans-Pacificial Partyship (TPP) uye Tsvenence and Experience Convension for Trans-Pacifificial Panetershipship (CPTP) kwakasundwa zvikuru nokupesvedzera kubva kumaindasitiri anosimudzwa kunze kwenyika, zvikurukuru vagadziri vemotokari navagadziri vemagetsi. Makambani aya akaona zvibvumirano sezvinokosha mukuchengeta kuwanika kwemisikasasiri yomunyika nokukwikwidzana muSouth Korea neChina.

Nenzira inopesana, masangano akadzivirirwa akadai sokurima uye tarisiro dzoutano akaratidzira chishoro chakasimba kukutengeswa kwokuzvidira, kutya makwikwi anobva kune dzimwe nyika dzinodhura. Kukwanisa kweLDP kudzora dzvinyiriro idzi dzinokwikwidzana kunoratidzira pesvedzero yemabhizimisi akasiyana - siyana mukati mebato. Kubvumirana kwokupedzisira, kubatanidza mari dzinoshandiswa, kubatanidza mari dzinopiwa varimi uye kuderera kwemibato yezvokutengeserana zvishoma nezvishoma, kunoratidza kuti fariro dzebhizimisi dzinorevererwa sei mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Sangano dzakafanana dzinotamba mukurukurirano neEurope yeEurope Union uye mukurukurirano dzinopfuurira dzesimba reJapan, umo mabhizimisi navashambadzi venzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu dzinoumba kurukurirano pasimba renyukireya nesimba uye simba rinomutsidzira.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvemabhizimisi

Kuongorora nyaya dzakananga kunopa mufananidzo wakajeka wemasangano anochinja kuva pesvedzero yezvematongerwe enyika nemigumisiro yacho.

Keidanren neJapan Business Federation

Keidan anomira somuenzaniso wakatanhamara wepesvedzero yebhizimisi yakarongwa muJapan. Yakavambwa muna 1946, kubatanidzwa kwakachinja kubva mudare rapashure pehondo kuva sangano resimba rezvokudzora rinoumba purogiramu yemitemo yenyika. Pesvedzero yehurumende inoumbwa kupfurikidza nemisangano yenguva dzose navakuru vakuru vehurumende, kutora rutivi mumatare ehurumende ( shachikai), uye idzoro yezvikarakadzo zvemiitiro zvinonzwika pamberi pezvisarudzo zvikuru zvemari nemitemo.

Rimwe rebudiriro dzinooneka dzeKeidan rakanga riri basa raro mukudzora kwemakambani mukufambira mberi mukuchinja muma2010. Kuwedzera kwakasundwa nokuda kwokugamuchirwa kweCorporate Goverdance Code neKadhi yemutariri, iyo yakavavarira kuvandudza kuoneka nokuzvidavirira. Nepo idzi chinjo dzakarongwa semipimo yakanaka yokudzora, dzakawiriranawo nefariro dzavavengi vakuru vesangano namakambani anosimudzwa kunze kwenyika anotsvaka kukwezva dzimbahwe renyika. Keidan

Zvisinei, pesvedzero yeKeidanren haina kuganhurirwa. Panhau dzakadai segadziriro yesimba pashure pengwavaira yenyukireya yeFukushima, kudzorwa kwakanangana nechemo kubva mumurangariro wavose namapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anopanikira simba renyukireya. Ikoku kunoratidzira kuti kunyange kukwikwidza kwebhizimisi kune simba zvikurusa kunofanira kurwisana namasimba okurwisana, kubatanidza nzanga, nzvero dzezvinobudisa nhau, uye mapoka akakamu zviduku.

Muitiro Wokugadzira Mishonga uye Woutano

Indasitiri yemishonga inopa pesvedzero inogombedzera yechakanangana. Musika wemishonga weJapan ndiwo mukurusa wechitatu munyika, uye vagadziri vemirimo yomumusha vakachengeta batano dzapedyo kwenguva refu neMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare uye nevezvamatongerwe enyika veLDP. Uhu ukama hwakaumba mitemo pakugadzira mirimo, dziviriro yapamutemo, uye miitiro inotenderwa.

Kupesvedzera kwemibato yemirimo kwave kuchibudirira zvikuru mukuchengeta mitengo yemirimo yakakwirira muJapan kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira. Gadziriro yehurumende yokugadzira mari yokudzorerwa nokuda kwemishonga yakajeka zvikuru, uye vamiriri vemaindasitiri vanotora rutivi mumatare ezvokuronga zvinorumbidza zvisarudzo. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukutsoropodza kuti gadziriro inotendera mugadziri weinishuwarenzi pamusoro petsiyoni yemari yeInishuwarenzi youtano yenyika. Nhamburiko dzokuvandudza zvinodhaka dzakatarisana nechishongo chakaoma nechishoro chama maindasitiri, avo vanotaura kuti mitengo yakaderera ingadzivisa purofiti yebhizimisi yakadzika zvikuru inogona kunonotsa kana kuti kushatisa sei fariro kunyange apo fariro yavose inojeka.

Maindasitiri Okuvaka Nemabasa Anoitirwa Vanhu Vose

Maindasitiri okuvaka ave ari rimwe ramasangano ane pesvedzero hurusa mune zvamatongerwe enyika eJapan, zvikurukuru mukati menhambo yakakwirira. Inonzi "constructionmentment" ( kaken kokka) inonongedzera kurunzwano rwapedyo pakati pamakambani okuvaka, vezvematongerwe enyika veODP vanomirira macontitue, uye Ministry of Land, Infrature, Surtuction and Tourism. Iyi batira pamwe chete yakaita mabasa makuru avose anoshandiswa mumigwagwa, mabhiriji, madha, uye mamwe mabasa, kazhinji munharaunda nezvinodzongerwa kwavagari vemo vanoderera uye kuvimbika kwezve zvoupfumi.

Makambani okuvaka akanga ari pakati pevapi vemakambani vakurusa vezvemasangano ezvemasangano eLDP, zvikurukuru ayo akabva mumaruwa omumaruwa umo mabasa oruzhinji akanga ari manyuko makuru ebasa nomubato wezvemari. Gadziriro yacho yakaita chibvumirano chine simba chokugamuchira: vezvamatongerwe enyika vakaronzeswa nokuda kwezvirongwa zvavo, makambani akagamuchira zvibvumirano zvinobhadhara mari, uye ose ari maviri akabetserwa nokupfuurira kwemari namavhoti. Nepo chinjo chibviro cha 2000 chakaderedza kupambadza kukurusa, kuvaka kunoramba kuri simba guru mumutengidzo wemitezo, zvikurukuru mumatunhu anotsamira pakutengwa kwavose. Iyi chiitiko chinoratidzira kuti bhizimisi rinogona sei kupfuurira kunyange mukutarisana nemari inodzorwa kwemitengodzo nemutezo yezvokuwanda.

Kutsoropodza uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Kubatanidzwa kukuru kwefariro dzebhizimisi mugadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan hakuna kuenda pasina kurwisana. Vatsoropodzi mumativi ose ezvamatongerwe enyika vakamutsa funganyo pamusoro pemiuyo yokutonga kwedemokrati, kusasarura kwezvemari, uye budiriro yemiitiro. Uku kutsoropodza kwakaparira musiyano wechinjo, kunyange zvazvo tapuro dzadzo dzakavhengana.

Kuitira Hanya Kuzvidavirira Kwoutongi Hworuzhinji

Kutsoropodza kukuru zvikurusa ndekwokuti pesvedzero yamabasa okugadzira zvinhu yakanyanyisa inoderedza kuzvidavirira kwehurumende yehurumende. Apo makambani akapfuma anogona kutenga nenzira inobudirira gadziriro yokuwana nokuumba, nheyo yomunhu mumwe, vhoti imwe inoshaikwa. Vagari vemowo zvavo namabhizimisi maduku vanoshaiwa zviwanikwa zvokukwikwikwidzana nesimba rinonyandura refemu huru. Uku kudzorwa kwepesvedzero yetsika dzechisimba kunoguma nemiuyo yezvinodikanwa zvedzimbahwe kupfuura basa, uye fariro dzinonangidzirwa pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvavose.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaurawo nezvokushayikwa kwemari mune zvematongerwe enyika. Pasinei zvapo nezvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa, mari yakawanda yebhizimisi inofamba nomumikoto isina chinhu, kubatanidza masangano ebato ezvematongerwe enyika nemapoka evezvematongerwe enyika. Ikoku kunoita kuti zviome kuvavhoti kuronda batano pakati pemipiro isingashumwi uye kusawirirana kwefariro zvinovapo nguva nenguva, kusimbisa kusava nechokwadi kwavose pamusoro pomuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika muJapan. Kuvimba mumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaderera zvikuru, uye murangariro wokuti matongerwe enyika anobatira bhizimisi guru chinhu chinoparira.

Kupindura Kwakajeka uye Kwokutungamirira

Mumhinduro kuidzi itiro hanya, Japan yakaita chinjo dzinoverengeka dzakaitirwa kuwedzera kujeka nokuganhura zvimiro zvinopesana zvikurusa zvepesvedzero. Political Funds Control Act yakagadziridzwa kanoverengeka kuzvinodikanwa zvokusimbisa ndokuderedza basa remari yebhizimisi. Ganhuriro dzehurumende dzakaiswa, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika zvino anodikanirwa kushuma mipiro pamusoro pezvikumbaridzo zvakati. Zvisinei, kudzika mutemo kwakasiana, uye kumira kunosara. Somuenzaniso, mipiro kumapoka etsigiro ezvamatongerwe enyika mamwe namamwe marudzi inoiswa pasi pokushuma kupfupikisana kudarika iya yenhau dzebato.

Gadziriro yokumirira isati yafamba. yakaitirwawo donzo rechinjo. Mutemo zvino unoganhurira mano avamiriri vakarega basa kuti vaite mabasa mukambani dzavaitungamirira kare, uye inoda nguva yokumirira pamberi pokufamba kwakadaro. Zvisinei, vacherekedzi vazhinji vanotaura kuti muitiro wacho unopfuurira nomumikoto isina kurongwa uye kuti tsika dzeIron Triangle dzinopfuurira. Simba reinjo idzi rinokanwa, nokumwe kutaura kuti ivo vakava netapuro yemuuyo ine revo pakuderedza ushatiso, nepo vamwe vanoramba kuti vakangopesvedzera chete mibato yapasi pevhu.

Masangano enzanga yavagari vemo navanyori venhau vanonzvera vanoita basa rinokosha mukuongorora pesvedzero yebhizimisi uye kuita kuti vezvamatongerwe enyika vazvidavirire. Masangano asiri ehurumende anonangidzira ngwariro pakuoneka nokuzvidavirira akura muutanhamari, kunyange zvazvo anoramba ari pasi pezvisakiso zvebhizimisi. Zvinobudisa nhau, nepo zvichiwanzotsoropodza nokuda kwebatano dzazvo dzepedyo nesimba, zvakafumurawo zvikachengeta nhau yemari mune zvamatongerwe enyika mumaziso avose. Aya masimba anodzivisa anopa nzvero pasimba rebhizimisi, kunyange kana asina kuisa muganhu wesimba.

mhedziso

Pesvedzero yefariro dzebhizimisi pamapati ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan rutivi runoratidzira rwegadziriro yokudzora yenyika. Yakavakirwa mumugariro wokukudziridzika kwapashure pehondo uye inopfuuridzirwa kupfurikidza namatanho okutsigira mari, kupesvedzera, uye sangano ravashandi, zvimiro zvesimba zvamakambani zvinoguma munenge munzvimbo iri yose yetsika dzavanhu. Nepo ukama ihwohwu hwakaparira budiriro yemari yeJapan, hunomutsawo mibvunzo inopfuurira pamusoro porumano edemocracy neparadziko nemitoro munzanga.

Mhindumupindu yeiyi pesvedzero inoratidzira chinjo huru muupfumi hweJapan nezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuderera kweIron Triangle, kukura kwemiitiro inopesvedzera zvikuru, uye kuvandudzwa kwavatsigiri vatsva vakadai savatsigiri namapoka avagari vemo zvose zvakachinja nzvimbo. Bva kuwanda kukuru kwepfuma pakati pavatambi vebhizimisi namamwe mapoka kunoramba. Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru LDP, anopfuurira kutsamira patsigiro yebhizimisi, uye gadziriro dzemiitiro inopfuurira kuratidzira zvinhu zvamakambani.

Kunzwisisa basa refariro dzebhizimisi kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa zvamatongerwe enyika zveJapan. Kunotsanangura chikonzero nei miitiro yakati ichigamuchirwa kana kuti kudziviswa, chikonzero nei mamwe masangano achibudirira apo vamwe vanoderera, uye chikonzero nei chinjo dzinowanzova dzechinjo dzakawedzerwa uye dzinokwikwidziridzwa. Kuti hurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeJapan irambe ine utano hwakanaka uye ichipindura zvinodikanwa zvavagari vose, pesvedzero yebhizimisi inofanira kudzorwa nenzvero inopfuurira, kujeka, uye kupesana. Ukama pakati pemari nezvamatongerwe enyika idenho haisi yechienzi kuJapan, asi chimiro chayo chaichoidzo nemiuyo zvakadzikirwa zvikuru mutsika yenyika yezvamatongerwe enyika negadziriro zvesangano.

[[[ITSV:0] Kutsarukana uye Kuravazve

  • Nokuda kwokupeta-pfuurwa kwakakwana kwezvinzvimbo zvemiitiro yeKeidan nemibato, shanyira website yepamutemo ye Japan Business Federation (Keidan).
  • Chinoitika che "Iron Triangle" chinonzverwa muudzame mumabasa edzidzo akadai se "The Iron Triangle: Matongerwe enyika eJapani neKugadzirwa kweHurumende yeDevelopmental" naGerald L. Curtis.
  • Nokuda kwamashoko pamusoro pemirau yemipiro yezvamatongerwe enyika muJapan, nongedzera ku Funds Control Act sechipfupikiswa neMinistry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
  • Simba rokupesvedzera kwemakambani pamuitiro webasa weJapan rinonzverwa mu “The Political Econmony of Labor Market Reform in Japan" naYoshio Higuchi naMasako Kurosawa.
  • Nokuda kwemurangariro unotsoropodza papesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yeindasitiri, ona `The Conging State in Japan: Political and the Political Economy of Public Works" naSteven K. Vogel.