Kunzwisisa Kuvamba: Kusvika Kworuramisiro kwaTomasi

Mutongi Clarence Thomas ave ari mutsigiri wetsika yapakuvamba asingachinji uye ane simba zvikurusa paDare rapamusorosoro. Nepo vamwe vatongi panhambo nenhambo vachishandisa revo yapakuvamba mumhaka dzakati, Thomas anoshandisa mutoo munenge murutivi rwuri rwose rwemutemo webumbiro remitemo. Kwaari, kuvamba hakusati kuri kungoitawo zvako kuputsa kana kuti chishandiso chakakodzera; inzira bedzi yapamutemo yokududzira nayo bumbiro remitemo rakanyorwa. Iye akataura mumirangariro mizhinji kuti basa rejudicariary ndero “kupa revo yapakuvamba yavose yavanhu vose. ” Panzvimbo pokuvandudza kana kuti kuchinjirate pamipimo wazvinoda zvazvino uno. Uzivi hunomutungamirira kuti agoguma nei kazhinji zvichiwirirana nemirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika inowirirana, asi Thomas anoomerera kuti zvisarudzo zvake zviteve zviri murugwaro nenhau, kwete nomunhu anozvifarira.

Kureverera zvinhu, sezvo Thomas anoshandisa, kunoda kunzverwa kukuru kwamanyuko enhau: kurukurirano paConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo, Federalist Papers, magwaro enhau, uye maduramazwi enguva imwe cheteyo netsananguro. Iye anonzverawo muitiro wapashure pekusimbisa izvo vanhu vangadai vakanzwisisa rugwaro kuva zvinoreva. Uyu mutoo unopa miuyo inogona kuva inoshamisa. Somuenzaniso, Thomas akarangarira kuti nzwisiso yapakuvamba yeChemmerce Claus ipfupide zvikuru kupfuura kududzira kwazvinoshandiswa kururamisa murairo womubatanidzwa, asi akarangarirawo kuti kunzwisisa kwapakuvamba kwemaropafadzo kana kuti Imnome Claus kunodzivirira maruramiro mazhinji asingadzorwi nematare azvino uno.

Kutanga kwaThomas kunowanzosiana ne “bumbiro remitemo rinorarami”, iro rinoti revo yeBumbiro reMitemo inogona kushanduka - shanduka nenzanga. Thomas anoramba murangariro iwoyo sounopesana nemutemo, achisimbisa kuti unopa vatongi simba rakanyanyowanda rokuisa mipimo yavo vamene. Panzvimbo pezvo, iye anodavira kuti kana vanhu vachida kuchinja kuti hurumende yavo inoshanda sei, vanofanira kuchinja Bumbiro reMitemo kupfurikidza neChikamu V, kwete kutsamira pavatongi kuti vainyorezve.

Chirango Chapakuvamba chaTomasi Chakaumbwa Nemitemo Yenguva Yapfuura

Kuchinja Kwechipiri: New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022)

Bruen zvichida muenzaniso wakajeka zvikurusa wemiitiro yemavambo yeruzivo rwokunzvera Thomas achifambisa chisarudzo chikuru. Kunyorera voruzhinji, Thomas akadavira kuti “chisakiso chakafanira” chokutakura pfuti yokuvanza. Iye akaramba kunzvera kwokupedzisira uko matare akaderera akashandiswa kwamakore uye panzvimbo pezvo kuraira muedzo mutsva: kana murairo unodenha uri“ kuwirirana negamuchidzanwa renhau rorudzi romutemo wepfuti pfuti. [2] . Ikoku kunoda matare okunzvera munhambo yenhau yakawanwa munhambo inowanikwa uye, muzvinoitika zvakati, nguva dzapamberi, kuti kana mutemo wazvino unobvumira. Tomaston muranga [Froma] [F] [FF]

Ruwa rweBremeton School Ruwa (2022)

Mu , Thomas akanyora murangariro unovapo uyo wakasimbisa murangariro wake wapakuvamba weChigadziko chaClaus. Nhau yacho yaibatanidza murayiridzi wenhabvu wechikoro we50site pashure pemitambo. Voruzhinji, kupfurikidza neMutongi Gormoth, vairangarira kuti munyengetero womurayiridzi wakanga wakadzivirirwa neFirst Amendment. Thomas akaendazve, achipomera kuti kugadzwa kwaClause kwakanzwisiswa pakuvamba bedzi kudzivisa hurumende yorudzi kutanga chechi yenyika, kwete kuganhurira hurumende kana kuti kutaura kwomunzvimbomo. Iye akareverera kwenguva refu iyi “revokuvamba . yerevo yokugadza Claus, uko kwaizoganhurira zvikuru kumugariro wake kuvana. Nepo vazhinji vaThomas vaisazogamuchira nzvimbo yake yakazara, aizoita zviratidzo zvakafanana neSangano.

Kubvisa pamuviri: MaDobbs kana kuti maDockson’s Health Organization (2022)

Kunyange zvazvo Thomas akakumbanira murangariro mukuru mu [[FLT: 0] Dobs iyo yakatonga zvikuru [[FLT:] Roe v. Wade na [[FLT:]] N [[FLT]]], akanyora sungano yakasiyana kuidzoserazve mirangariro yake yapakuvamba. Haana kutaura bedzi kuti Bumbiro reMitemo haridziviridzi maruramiro okubvisa mimba, asiwo kuti Dare rinofanira kurangarirazve mimwe mitoo mishomanene, kubatanidza [[FLT:] , kubatanidza [FLT:] , , , mari inopfunganiswa naidzo dzakatongeniswa naidzo dzakatongedzekwa. Njomutomuto mukuru weimwe yeimwe migariro yehurumende inosaidzo dzakashatiswa. Itsaiwo bedzi revoidzo dzakanzwisiswa neiyi nzira yeRoma (F.10) inopfuminwose.

Mutongi Wematsotsi: United States v. Taylor (2022)

Mu Taylor, Thomas akapesana nedudziro yehurumende yemitemo yakaita kuti Hobbs Act iedze kupamba “mhosva yamasimba masimba” nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokuwedzera. Nepo vazhinji vakashandisa zvinyorwa zvazvino uno uye mirau yavose, Thomas akatsoropodza dare nokuda kwokufuratira revo yapakuvamba yomutemo. Akapikisa kuti rugwaro, serunonzwisiswa panguva yechiito, haruna kubatanidza kudenha kubatwa semhosva. Kushambadzira kwake nokungwarira kushandiswa kwamashoko enhau e “robotber" uye kubatwa kwavose kwemiitiro. Iyi nhau inoenzanisira sei kusati kushandisira kwapakuvamba kurugwaro rwapakuvamba asi kutsanangurawo, kurangarira, sokudzorwa kwapakuvamba, sokuratidzirwa, mashoko akafanira, kunyange kuratidzirwa kuoneka.

Masimba EFederal: West Virginia v. EPA (2022)

Kunyange zvazvo Mutongi Mukuru Roberts akabudisa murangariro mukuru munhau huru yemibvunzo, Thomas akanyora kubvumirana uko kwakavamba chisarudzo munheyo dzemavambo. Akarangarira kuti murairo weEPA wakaedza wemagasi egreenhouse kupfurikidza neCeake Air Act wakaputsa dzidziso isina kuvimbika nemhaka yokuti Congress yakanga isina kubvumira zvakajeka gadziriro yakakomba yakadaro. Chitendero chapakuvamba chaThomas chinomutungamirira kudavira kuti Congress haagoni kutumira simba rake remitemo kumasangano anodzora; Ves Classiades of Artics I, II, uye III anogadza paradzanoum yamasimba ayo hurumende yazvino unodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji. [Foctal:] Virginia. [FLT] Virginia V.[FFOLD: 1] inofananidzira denho dzenguva yemberi, kana Chikamu cheDare rePromendement rePregiontheticssion of the Reservective Reservement.

Tapuro Yapamhene paDare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa neDzidziso Yapamutemo

Kunyange vatongi vasingagamuchiri zvizere kunyorwa kwepakuvamba kwedare, vakadai saMutongi Mukuru Roberts naMutongi Kavanaugh, zvino vanowanzotaura revo yapakuvamba mumirangariro yavo. Kuchinja kwacho kuri pachena zvikurusa muSecond Amendment nenhau dzerudzidziso, uko kunzvera kwenhau kwazova chinhu chikuru. Vanyori vemitemo, nyanzvi dzemitemo, uye vatongi vakaderera vedare zvino vanopedza nguva huru vachinzvera manyuko apakuvamba kuti awirirane nebvunzo dzaThomas vakatsigira.

Tsvene yaThomas inopfuura mirangariro yake amene yoruzhinji. Kupesana kwake nebvumirano kazhinji kazhinji zvinoisa mapurakiti enzira nokuda kwezvigadzikiso zvenguva yemberi. Somuenzaniso, solo congradnce mu McDonald v. Chicago [2010]) yakataura kuti Ropafato kana kuti maImmunicale Claus, risati rinofanira kuva motokari yokubatanidza Gadzirita Yechipiri pamusoro pemitezo. Nepo iye haana kuwina chibvumikiso ichocho, kupfuurira kwake kwakachengeta chirango mukutenderera, uye dzimwe nyanzvi zvino dzinotaura kuti Dare pakupedzisira ringadzokorokororesa nhau yacho. Mifungo yake inobatirawo sechitsauko chikurusa chemitemo yapakuvamba yeChiratisitisitisitisiti kana kuti chitsaru chaMadorimu yeChiratiko cheG.

Mushoko ra2023-2024, Thomas akanyora murangariro woruzhinji mu verformman v. Colorado (2023) iyo yakashandisa “kusagona kufambira mberi” mupimo wetyisidziro dzechokwadi, asi iye akaita kudaro achiomerera kuti revo yeFirst Amendment yapakuvamba idikanwi. Kunyange apo vhoti yake inowirirana nebapiro rakasununguka, sezvainoita pane dzimwe nguva muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza urongwa hwehurumende kana kuti utsotsi, kurangarira kwake kunoramba kuri kwapakuvamba. Uku kutsinhirana kunopa jurisprudence yake kuti dzimwe ruramisiro shomanene dzigona kuwirirana.

Kutsoropodza Nokudzivirira Kuvamba kwaThomas

Kutsoropodza

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti munyengetero wapakuvamba waThomas unoshandiswa nenzira yakasarudzwa uye unotungamirira kumiuyo inowirirana nenharo dzemapepa kana kuti dzetsika. Vanonongedzera kuzvinoitika umo iye anofuratira miitiro yenhau iyo inovhiringidza. Somuenzaniso, kududzira kwake munyengetero waPassion Claus kungabvumira munyengetero wakarongwa wapamutemo, chimwe chinhu icho Vatangi vamene chingave chakashora mumashoko akapoteredza enhau dzeProvings. Vamwe vanoomerera kuti nhau iri muindhinate: nokuti manyuko ose anowanwa anotsigira muganhu weChipiri, pane manyuko anotsigira mirairo ine mufungo. Vatongi vanogona kutsigira nhau yenhau kuti vasvike mumigumisiro yavo yaishuviwa, pomero inopesana nekurukurirano [[FLD:] BBruru [FF:] imene] chisarudzo chamatongedzero, icho chakabudisa kudzokorodza dare renhau renhau rekare kuti vaedze kutonga.

Imwe tsoropodzo ndeyokuti mavambo aThomas akaoma zvikuru nokuda kworudzi rwazvino uno, rwakasiana - siana. Bumbiro remitemo rakanyorwa neboka duku ravarume vachena, vakakwaniswa munzanga iyo inobvumidza uranda ndokuramba vakadzi maruramiro okuvhota. Kushandisa nzwisiso yavo yapakuvamba kubudisa nhau dzakadai serisiri dzemazita, kubetsera kubereka, kana kuti uchenjeri hwokuisira hunoratidzika kuva husingashandi. Thomas anobvuma ikoku asi anoramba kuti nheyo, kwete kariro chaidzo, dzinofanira kudzora jeka (8) uye kuti muitiro wokugadziridza imotokari yakafanira yokuchinja. Zvisinei, vaAmerica vazhinji, vanowana kutenda mugadziriro isingashandiki.

Pakupedzisira, dzimwe nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinotaura kuti kuvamba kwaThomas irudzi rwomutemo wemusikirwo usingaonekwi. Anowanzokumbira “rudzi rwomunhu” kana kuti“ nheyo dzokutanga” munzira inoratidzika kuva inopfuura rugwaro. Somuenzaniso, mubvumirano yake mu kubvisa homendi reHomeland Security v. Regents yeYunivhesiti yeCalifornia [[FLT:] [20]), Thomas akapikisa kuti Mutengo waAction weChitsumo (DACA) wakanga usingabvumirwi nemhaka yokuti yakawana revo yapakuvamba yeImmation neNational Actal Act. Murangariro wake wakanyanya pamusoro pomurangariro wake wemuteveri wemitemo kuti “uchengete mutemo ushandiswe nokutsanangura nokutendeka, iye akatoko nokutsanangura nokutsanangura mutemo wetsika.

Kuzvidzivirira

Vadziviriri vaThomas vanotaura kuti mavambo ake akatendeseka mundangariro uye anotungamirirwa nemitemo kunyange apo kunotungamirira kumiuyo yaasingadi, yakadai somurangariro wake mu Trump v. Hawaii (2017) (208) inotsigira chirambidzo chokufamba. Muchinoitika ichocho, Thomas akashandisa mupimo wakatanhamara wakavakirwa pasimba rapamusha raPurezi renyika, iro raakatora kubva munhau yapakuvamba. Kutsigamuranisa kwake kunowanzosiana nokusvika kune muuyo kwavamwe vatongi. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vanotsigira simba rakafara rapanyika apo rinouya kamwe kamwe kumitemo yemhoteredzo; Thomas, kupfurikidza nokupesana, ndekwesimba renyika iripoteveri yadzo dzinoyakana kugura bhiro.

Vatsigiri vanonongedzerawo kukuzvidavirira kwehurumende inotsiva uko uzivi hwapakuvamba hunosimudzira. Apo revo yeBumbiro remitemo inogadzwa, vagari vemo navaiti vemitemo vanoziva kuti mitemo yacho ndeipi. Vanogona kuchinja Bumbiro reMitemo kupfurikidza neChikamu V kana vasingabvumirani. Uku kudzora, Thomas anodavira, kunodzivisa kutongwa kwehurumende nokuda kwechido chakakurumbira. Uye nepo vashori vanoti nhau ndeyenhau inodzorwa, vadziviriri vaThoma vanogona kusvika mhedziso dzedonzo kupfurikidza nokushandisa nzira dzakarurama dzenhau. [[FLT:]] Bruen, nokuda kwezvinetso zvayo, yakatomanikidzirwa kuita nhau yakaita kuti iwirirane zvikuru panzvimbo pokunatsa pafarwa kwenhunzi.

Pakupedzisira, mavambo aThomas akava netapuro huru padzidzo yapamutemo. Zvikoro zvemitemo zvinopa makosi akawanda munhau yebumbiro remitemo, uye magazini emitemo akarongwa navadzidzi anobudisa nhevedzano yakatsiga yedzidzo yapakuvamba.Kunyange nyanzvi dzinoramba kuvamba dzinobvuma kuti Thomas akamanikidzira basa rose repamutemo kuva chinyorwa chenhau.Ichi inhaka inopfuura chisarudzo chipi nechipi.

mhedziso

Ruramisiro yeChiratidzo chaClarence Thomas yave iri simba rinopa miganhu paDare Rapamusorosa kweanopfuura makumi matatu amakore. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, yakabva kumativi ose enhau, inoumba zvisarudzo zvetsika papfuti, rudzidziso, kubvisa mimba, uye simba rehurumende. Kuda kwake kuti vatongi vave vanyori venhau, uye mirangariro yake yakazadzwa nezvinonyorwa kuDare rechi 18 nerechi 19. Kana mumwe anorangarira jurspitude sechidziviso cherusununguko kana kuti chidzitiro chakaoma icho chinofuratira zvinhu zvazvino uno, hapana panikiro kuti Thomas akachinja nzira iyo Dare rinorangarira nayo pamusoro peBumbiro remitemo. Sezvinoita kuti Dare rive rinova rinochinja nenzira inowedzera, mutoo wetsika yekare yekare ichava inotoko zvikuru. Kunzwisisa kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kunzwisisa mutemo wemitemo weAmerica.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, ona [[FLT: 0] Justice Thomas’s reconfincince in Dobts v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization pa Cornell’s Legion Information Institute, [[FLT:] mifungo yavazhinji muna [[FLT:] mifungo mu[FLT:] New York State Rifle & Lamp; Pistol Association v. Brun[FLT]] [FLT] [5] kubva kunzvimbo yeDare Republication, na [[FLT]