Mutemo waRaje Sabha

Raje Sabba, kana kuti Council of States, inowana chiremera chayo muChikamu 80 cheBumbiro reMitemo reIndia, icho chinoigadza sekamuri rapamusoro reParamende. Kusafanana neLok Sabba, ane mitezo inosarudzwa zvakananga navanhu, Raja Sabhaha mitezo inosarudzwa nemitezo yehurumende inosarudzwa nemitezo yehurumende inosarudzwa nemitezo yehurumende, ine chitsama chiduku chiduku chaPrezidhendi nokuda kweunyanzvi hwavo mumabhuku, sayenzi, unyanzvi, kana kuti basa romunzanga. Iyi gadziriro yokusarudza isina kunanga inopa Rajiya Sabba mukurumbira wakasiana navanhu: inomirira fariro dzomubatanidzwa dzenyika panzvimbo pezvido zvakakurumbira. Iri mufambiro mukuru nokuda kwokubudirira kweruwa, sokuvadziko huru pamusoro pokurima, nyika, uye kudzora pasi peGenegatimende reSavera rinobatira nokudaro somuitiro wemiitiro wehurumende yehurumende pakati pezviito zvapamutemo zvenyika yoruwa. Rajinha inobatira somuto mukuru pakati pezviito zvapamutemo zvehurumende.

Kugara kwenguva refu kwemutezo weRajiya Sabba — nhambo yamakore matanhatu neimwe yemitezo inorega makore maviri ari ose — kunogovera kupfuurira kuti nhambo yeLok Sabha yemakore mashanu haisati. Iyi dzikamo inobvumira Rajiya Sabba kuti ibatane nezvinetso zvenguva refu zvokubudirira, zvakadai sokukura kwemirimo, mibato yemaruwa, uye garikano yenzanga, pasina kudzongonyedzwa kwemiganhu. Mitezo inova nounyanzvi hukuru muzvinhu zvomumaruwa kupfurikidza nebasa redare uye kurukurirano, ichiita Rajiya Sabba shopu yezivo pamaruwa. Iyi yerangariro inokosha nokuda kwemiitiro yokuvandudza izvo zvinoda ngwariro yenguva dzose, zvakadai semaruwa eSadrakkiakjoa (migwagwa inodzorongedzerwa) kana kuti kutungamirira kweGwaraldgn

Basa Romutemo Mukufambira Mberi Kwemaruwa

Kuhwirudzura Nokunatsiridzwa Kwemabhiri Omumaruwa

Rajiya Sabba' ibasa guru remitemo nderokuhwirudzura mabhiri akapfuudzwa neLok Sabha. Nokuda kwekufambira mberi kwokumaruwa, iyi fambiro mberi haisati iri yokungodzokorora. Apo Lok Sabhaha inopfuudza mutongo une chokuita nokurima, nyika, kana kuti basa rokuruwa, Rajiya Sabba inoinzvera nedigimendi, kazhinji kazhinji inoitumira kudare rakasarudzwa nokuda kwokunzvera kwamashoko. Muenzaniso, [[FLT: 0] Chiteshichi cheTrangeriso neChoma (Profitition and Facement) Act, 2020[FLT] [FFF1] [F.N.] yakawana zvikuru mumigariro yakasiyana-ya, apo mitezo yokurima inokwidzwa yakakwirira pamusoro pezvikamu zvamaruwa, inotungamirira kumugariro wavanhu varimi kumiteshina. Nhengedzo dzakasha dzakaitwawose.[20]

Raje Sabra inewo simba rokuvamba mabhiri, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kusinganyanyi kuzivikanwa. Zvisinei, panhau dzoukoshi hwenyika dzinoda kubvumirana kwehurumende, Rajiya Sabba anowanzotungamirira. Somuenzaniso, Manyuko neMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo (GST) Act, 2017[FL:1] Act [2017] yakabva muRajaya Sabba nemhaka yokuti yaida kutenderwa kwemitemo kwaida tendero yetendero yaidikanwa nemitemo yemitemo yehurumende. GST'sty painhost — zvikurukuru pamigoo yemichero yezvourimi mumandis, uye majeko okuruwa — zvakaitiranwa zvikuru muRajaha, nemitezo yavagari vomumaruwa nokuda kwemitero yakaderera nokuda kwemitengo.

Matare Akazvitsaurira Kunhau Dzomumaruwa

Raje Sabra inoshanda gadziriro yedare yakasimba inogovera nzvero yakadzika-dzika yenhau dzokubudirira kwomumaruwa. Tsvemo iri muIndaneti paMaralgal Development nePanchaita Raj idare rinobatira pamwe rinobatanidza mitezo yedzimba dzose, asi mufananidzo weRajiya Sabhaha inovimbisa kuti mativi ehurumende adzoresaidzo dzayo. Dare iri rinohwirudzura zvinodikanwa zvezvipo zveMinisishoni yeRungu, rinonzvera zvikwereti zvinonongedzerwa kwazviri, uye rinoita zvidzidzo pamusoro penhau dzakadai sedzimba dzomumaruwa, kunwa mvura, uye utsanana. Mishumo yaro yaro, yakadai se20222 pakushanda kweMahn Gargan Respen Ault Speaceng, yakatungamirira kugadziridzwa kukuru, kubatanidza kugadziridzwa kwemiedzo, kubatanidza kugadziridzwa kwemiteo kugadzirwa kwegadziriro yokugadzirwa kwezvirongwa.

Rimwe dare rinokosha i Rimire Dare paUrimwa, iro Rajiya Sabba rinodzorwa nechiverengero chikuru chemitezo yeRajiya Sabba ine migariro yokurima. Dare iri rakabudisa mishumo yechiratidzo pamusoro pokuzviuraya kwomurimi, chikwereti chemarimi, uye tapuro dzenzvimbo dzemichero yezvirimwa. Mushumo 201 pamusoro pe Micro Irgition Fund[, somuenzaniso, wakatungamirira kukukura kwemari kubva ku5 000 yemari, uye kubetsera zvakananga varimi munzvimbo dzinonaya mvura. Dare rinoshuma, nepokubatanidza kurema, uye kugadziridzwa kwetsika kwetsika, kazhinji kugadziridzwa kwetsika.

Kumirira Fariro Dzomumaruwa

Zvivako Zvehurumende Nenzwi Romumaruwa

Kugadzira kwaRaje Sabbata kunovimbisa kuti vane vagari vomumaruwa vakawanda havadzivirirwi nevomuguta reLok Sabba. Nyika dzakafanana naUttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odhisha, Madhya Pradesh, uye Rajassathan — dzine vanhu vokumaruwa vakawanda — vane mufananidzo mukuru muRajaya Sabhaha yevagari vemo vemo vemo vemo muLok Sabhanha. Iyi itsika inopa nyika duku uye vaya vane mari inopfuurirwa kuguta reShara inzwi rinonzwika zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, Rajaha muteshi weSihahash kana kuti Utarasharhash anogona kusimudzira nhau dzinodarirwa kukurimaruwa, kana kuti kushanya kuruwa kunganyudzwa kunze kwechikaidzwa muLokin-domadome. Muedziro wekubudirira zvikuru nokuda kwokubudirira kwenzvimbo yokumaruwa.

Mitezo yakatarwa inopfumisazve iyi shoo yeBumbiro reMitemo 80 inobvumira Purezidhendi kuisa mitezo 12 kunzvimbo dzayo dzakadai seRaja Sabhaha nokuda kweunyanzvi hwavo muminda yakadai semabhuku, sayenzi, unyanzvi, uye basa romunzanga. Vazhinji veidzi mminene ane batano dzakadzika kuruwa rweIndia — vashandi vomunzanga saSudha Murty (anaana padzidzo yomumaruwa nezvoutano) uye masayendisiti akafanana naD. M. M.S.S. Swanathantan (baba weRevolution yeGreenland) akashandisa nzvimbo dzavo kutsigira zvinoparira zvokuruwa. Mitezo isina kuva yepartic, ufakazi hunosimbiswa nenharo, kazhinji kazhinji miitiro inosimbiswa nezvinodzorwa zvouswa zvouswa munyika yose. Mipiro yavo yave yakashandiswa mumigoveri yokurima, uye yokurima.

Kubvunza Nguva Nokuzvidavirira Kune Chiremera

Rajiya Sabba’s Question Hour id ine simba nokuda kwokutarisira kwomumaruwa. Mitezo inogona kubvunza mibvunzo yakaitwa (yoga yemhinduro) uye isina kungwarirwa (yakanyorwa) kuvashumiri parutivi rupi norupi rwekubudirira kwomumaruwa. Mibvunzo iyi inofukidza mativi akawanda enhau: chimiro chemifungo yomumaruwa pasi pechirongwa cheDeendardyardy Gram Jyotia, yeYaya, fambiro mberi yePradhantari Awas (Gramin), kugadzirwa kweNational Livelihood Missions, uye kufunghiwa kwaMagena kunzvimbo dzomumaruwa. Vafundisi vanofanira kupindura mibvunzo iyi pauriri pasi peHome, kugoveranwa kwemifungo yehurumende yeruwa.

Kupfuura mibvunzo, Raje Sabba unoshandisawo kurukurirano pfupi dzokuyera, zvisarudzo zvemitezo yomunhu oga, uye kudana kunanga ngwariro kusimbisa nhau dzomumaruwa. Chisarudzo chemitezo yomunhu oga chakasundwa neRajiya Sabhaha mutezo muna 2022 pakudikanwa kwoUshumiri hwakaparadzana hwavakadzi vomuMaruwa Omunyika Dzomubatanidzwa hunotungamirira kukusikwa kwebapiro rakazvitsaurira mukati memishoni yeBalball Development yana. Nhano dzakadaro dzinoratidzira sei Raja Sabbaha, kunyange avo vasiri mubato rokutonga, vanogona kuumba muitiro kupfurikidza nokuvimbisana kunopfuurira.

Kutarisira Nokuongorora Urongwa Hwemaruwa

Matare Eparamende Nokushanya Kweminda

Rajiya Sabba utarisi hunotambanudzwa kupfuura Delhi. Matare acho anowanzofunda kunharaunda dzomumaruwa kuti aone kugadzirwa kwemarongerwo ezvirongwa. Somuenzaniso, Commettee paMutauro waMakuruia (ine Rajishimaha atkhaphin) yakashanyira maruwa eruwa muJarkach ne Chhattigarghh kuti iongorore kuti zvinhu zvokubudirira zvinoparadzirwa sei mumibatanidzwa mumibatanidzwa yemotako. [[FLT:] Commettee paWelland of Shedy Castees uye Septed Colles [Fluted Collem] , inobatira chigaro neyationss inovarate iri mumie purofiti inoparira zvinyorwa zvadzodzo dzokupedzisira, inokanwa zvikuru, inoparira zvinyorwa zvamabhiri zvinovara.

Rajiya Sabra Sabha inoisawo mishumo yegore negore yamasangano okubudirira kwomumaruwa, masangano anozvitonga, uye mabasa evoruzhinji anoshanda munharaunda dzomumaruwa. Bank reNational for Agriculture and Moral Development (NALD)[FLD] , [[FLT]] [FLT]] ... [FY] ... ... Komiti yeDhiviti yeInhove yeIndia yeIndia yeIndia, uye [[FLT] Coalfields wideted wid [[ (inotapura nzanga dzomumaruwa munharaunda dzemigodhina) dzose dzinova nemariroro yokunze shamba dzinobatira mari yakawanda, uye dzinova dzinova dzinova nokubudirira munyika yokumaruwa. — Varimi vanowana vanoshandisa mari yakawanda, uye vanowana.

Kuita Kuti Ngwariro Ive Pamikaha Yokuita Kuti Zvivepo

Rimwe ramasangano outariri anobudirira zvikurusa raRaje Sabha i Kupa ngwariro Nhamba, umo mitezo inogona kumutsa nhau dzokukurumidzira dzoukoshi hwavanhu pasina kucherekedza. Nhau dzokumaruwa dzinotanga kazhinji kazhinji mumiitiro yakadaro: kuputsika kwebhiriji romuruwa muBihar, rufu rwavana nemhaka yezvokudya zvisingavaki muviri muMaharashtra, kundikana kwegadziriro yokuparadzira vanhu vose muRajasthan. Izvi zvinoparira ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau nokukurumidza ndokumanikidza hurumende kupindura nokukurumidza. Somuenzaniso, kudana ngwariro mu 201 parufu rwevaki vaparadzi vemishonga nemhaka yokuuraya muPunb yakatungamirira kuhwirudzora nhevedzano yemishonga yemishonga uye kuiswa kwokutsiva kwemitezo yemitezo yemitezo yechinyakare. Shabia kugona kuparira kuzivisa kukura mano kuti kufambire zvakanaka nokuda kwezviito zvokumaruwa.

Mienzaniso Yakananga yaRaje Sabha Yakatapura Kukura Kwemaruwa

Mahatma Gandhi National Account Act (MGNREGA)

RAVIYA SHABHA yakaita basa rinokosha zvikuru mukuumba uyu Mutemo. Apo mutemo wekubudirira wemumaruwa wakatangwa muna 2004, Rajiya Sabba's Stance Committee on Moral Development yamazuva 100 ebasa rehurumende, masangano enzanga, uye masangano enzanga. Rajiya Sabbaha akabva kuruwa rwemvura yakabva kumvura yakadzikira seAndrom Pradesh ne Jajantaan yakadzorwa kuti ichengetedze kuchengetedzwa kwemvura uye kuvhara kwemvura. Kugadzirira kwokupedzisira kwaibatanidza mabasa okucheka nyika, kudzosera nyika, uye kufambidzana kwemibato. Rajiya Sabra Habha yakabva kuruwa rwakaita , nguva iyoyo yakadzorwa kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kweMitengo yegore yegore neya.

Pradhan Mantri Aas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G)

PMAY-G, iyo inovavarira kugovera dzimba dzepucca nezvisakiso zvikuru kudzimba dzose dzomumaruwa dzisina imba, yakaumbwa zvikuru neRajaya Sabba utarisiri. Muna 2017, Dare raRajiya Sabba's Dare paBalbal Development rakawana kuti mutengo wegadziriro yemari ya 761.20 lakh munzvimbo dzakati sandai, inotungamirira kukuvakwa kwakaderera. Dare rakarumbidzwa kukuvakwa kwemari inobatanidza mari yeLibertion yeLiteral Labourbeurers. Hurumende yakagamuchira iyi rumbidzo muna 2018, ichiita kuti mari ive 761.30 munzvimbo dzakatina nenzvimbo dzinonzi khkh 0,0 mumitengo nenzvimbo dzakaoma. Rajisha yakasimbisawo masangano edzimba dzechikadzi.

Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) munharaunda dzomumaruwa

Nepo Ayushman Bharat ari zvikurukuru gadziriro youtano. Pesvedzero yayo yomumaruwa yave iri ngwariro yaRaje Sabhaha. Rajiya Sabha's Committee on Health and Family Welfare yakanzvera kusvika kwegadziriro yacho munharaunda dzomumaruwa muna 2020 uye yakawana kuti 30% bedzi vedzimba dzomumaruwa dzinokwanisa dzakanga dzagamuchira makadhi avo eAyyushman. Dare rakarumbidza kusimbisa muitiro wezviito zvechinyakare, kushandisa nzvimbo dzebasa dzinozivikanwa nokuda kwechizvarwa chemakadhi, uye kubatana negadziriro dzoutano dzeNational Health Mission's. Hurumende yakatanga kutyaira motokari chaiyo mu 201-2222 kusvika kuwedzero yokumaruwa, kuguma nokuwedzera kwe 50% yemakadhi mumichato yokumaruwa. Sfuna kushandisa basa raidzoro mukuratidzira basa rayo nokuda kwemikana yokushanda kwayo yezviito zvokumaruwa.

Betsero yokuenzanisa: Raje Sabra vs. Lok Sabha in Rural Development

Chinyorwa chaRajiya Sabba chakasiana nokurarama kwenguva refu chinoipa betsero dzakasiana kupfuura Lok Sabha mukutaura kukura kwamaruwa. Chokutanga, mitezo yacho haitsaurwi zvakananga kubva mumisha yokurima, inoderedza dzvinyiriro yokupa nguva pfupi, dzvinyiriro dzinooneka kubatira. Rajiya Sabba Syaha inogona kuisa ngwariro parumbidzo rwapanguva refu — yakadai sechinjo huru, kushambadza, kana kuti kuchengeteka kwemigodhi inotsigirwa yemigodhi yokuzvishandira. Rusununguko urwu runobvumira nokuda kwoufakazi huzhinji, hunobva mumitengo. Chechipiri, mamiriro ezvinhu eSyahahaha yakadzikamiswa neya anotenderwa kumativi enyika yomumaruwa. Ruzivo rwenyika dzose haruko rungasimbisa kuti mitezo iyi iwirirane zvinodikanwa zvikuru nezvinodikanwa nenyika dzomumaruwa. Syahabhab kudiviti inobva kumhenderekedzo yegungwa kumhenderekedzo yegungwa kufanana nenzvimbo dzomugungwa.

Chechitatu, basa reRajiya Sabba mukudzivirira fariro dzehurumende pasi pegadziriro yehurumende rinodzivisa kukura kwomumaruwa. Zvirongwa zvizhinji zvokumaruwa — zvakadai se Rashtsiya Krikashi Yakas [[FLTA]] uye Plan Squality Squalies [FLT] Pregs [FLD] yeGraving , zvinoshandiswa nehurumende, uye Rajiya Sabra inovimbisa kuti hurumende yepakati haipindiri pahurumende. Iri chiyero chehurumende inovavarira nokuda kwokubudirira kwemiitiro yomuruwa, sezvinoziva zvinetso zvayo zviri nani kupfuura hurumende yepakati muDelchi. Somuenzaniso, Syyabhabha inoedza nenzira inoshanda zvakanaka nehurumende yomuenzaniso yepakati pehurumende inodzokorodza mabhirijini ose.

Zvisinei, Rajiya Sabba haisati iri isina ganhuriro dzayo. Sarudzo yayo isina kunanga inoreva kuti mitezo ingashaiwa murairo wakananga kubva munzanga dzomumaruwa, uye vamwe vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti Rajiya Sabha yazova nzvimbo yakachengeteka nokuda kwevezvematongerwe enyika vakarega basa, vanhu vakapfuma, uye vakavimbika vomubato avo vangave vasina midzi mikuru munzanga yomumaruwa. Uyezve, Rajiya Sabhaha haigoni kutanga zvikwereti zvemari (kubatanidza bhajeri regore negore), izvo zvinoganhurira simba rayo rokupesvedzera kukuramura nokubudirira kwokumaruwa zvakananga. Kunyanguvezvo, basa rayo mukunzvera, kutarisira, uye kumirira zvinoramba zviri madikanwa.

Zvinetso Nenzira Yaiitika Nayo

Pasinei zvapo nemipiro yayo, Rajiya Sabha inotarisana nedenho huru mukuzadzika kukura kwayo kwomumaruwa. Chokutanga, kudzongonyedzwa kwezvinoitika zveparamende — kudzongonyedzwa kwapanhambo nenhambo, kubuda, uye kudanidzira — kwakaderedza nguva inowanika nokuda kwekurukurirano duku panhau dzomumaruwa. Mugadziriro ya2023 dzemhepo, Rajiya Sabbaha Yanca yakarasikirwa nenguva inopfuura 50% yaro yakarongeka yokudzongonyedza, yakaganhura mano ayo okukurukura [[FLT: 0]] Nationalral Health Mis Mission Mis kana kuti [FLT] [FLT] inopa] kana kuti nharaunda [FLT] [FFRAN] [2] [ya] [yadhan], apo nharaunda yezvipo, inoshamba yakaderera zvikuru nguva yakarongwa yokudzosera nyika yehurumende. (Ntsutsuna) inopfumisa mativi enyika) inopfuvura vanhu vanopfuura vapfumi vapa.

Kusimbisa basa raRaje Sabba mufambiro mberi yomumaruwa, chinjo dzinoverengeka dzakafanirwa nokurangarira. Chikarakadzo chimwe ndechokuwedzera nhamba yemitezo yaRajeya Sabba yakabva kunyika dzine vanhu vazhinji vokumaruwa, nokudaro achikudza inzwi ravo. Chimwe ndechokuti chirevo chokuti inenge hafu yematare eRaje Sabba anobata nokukura kwemishangariredzo yomumaruwa. Chikarakadzo chechitatu ndechokupa Rajiya Sabba basa rakarongwa mukutenderwa kwemitemo yokubudirira yomuruwa uye kupiwa mutemo, uyo zvino unopukunyuka kunzvera kweparamende yenhau. Pakupedzisira, kuvandudza kushanda kwePunistion Hour nedare — kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwakakomba kwemaawa nezvirango nokuda kwokudzorwa kwechinjo. Chinjo iyi inodenha, neya chiya chinobetsera chipikirwa chaSyrab kusimbisa bvumirano chayo chomutemo chapamutemo chapamutemo chapamutemo chapamutemo chamaruwa.

mhedziso

Rajiya Sabba ine nzvimbo yechienzi neyakakomba muruwa rweIndiya, zvikurukuru nokuda kwokukura kwemaruwa. Garame rebukomfagno — sarudzo yakananga, mashoko ane makore matanhatu, kumirira kwakavakirwa pahurumende, uye kuiswa kwenyanzvi — inoishongedzera kupinda nedenho dzomumaruwa, mutoo wakakomba, uye wehurumende. Kupfurikidza nemitemo, dare, mibvunzo, uye kutarisira, inoumba mitemo inotapura upenyu hwemaIndia ane mamirioni 900. Rajiya SABHA, uye basa rokunatsikirira MGH, PHARY, Ayman Bhathat, uye zvimwe zviteshingi zvezvikero zvomumaruwa, zvinopa mamiriro ezvinhu anodikanwa zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo kupfukira mamiriro ezvinhu akanakisisa echipanyu anowanika mumitezoro yemo yapasi peto. [Makuna anenge kuti:]