Muzinda Wamambo Sechikamu Chehurumende Yechidhori yeAmerica

Mhiko yapurezidhendi yebasa inopfuura zvikuru muitiro webumbiro remitemo. Inomira sechipikirwa chimwe chinokosha zvikurusa muupenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweAmerica (jename, chapachena, chakakomba icho chinoratidzira mavambo ehurumende itsva uye chinosimbisazve musengwa worudzi kukutonga kwomutemo. Makore mana ari ose, mamirioni eAmerica navateereri venyika yose vanorinda sezvo purezidhendi anosimudza ruoko, anoisa ruoko pabhuku, uye anotaura mashoko ayo akashandiswa kwaanopfuura mazana amakore maviri. Iyi nhambo, inopa mukana mupfupi, inopfupikiswa norugare yesimba, tsungiriro yehurumende, uye mipimo yakagoverana izvo zvinobatanidza rudzi rwakasiana - pamutemo pamwe chete. Kunzwisisa revo yeiyi mhiko kunoda kunzvera kwaro, miitiro yayo, uye basa rayo muzivikanoumba rudzi.

Mavambo Enhau Nekuumbwa Kwebumbiro Remitemo

Chikamu 1 Claus 8 cheUnited States Constitution chinopikirwa zvakananga muChikamu II, Chikamu 1. Vagadziri vemipinduro, vakasangana muPhiladelphia muna 1787, vakakakavadzana mashoko chaiwo nedonzo remhiko. Vaida vimbiso yaizosunga mukuru mukuru paBumbiro reMitemo pacharo, kwete kubato, kana kuti chinzvimbo chomunhu oga. Mutauro wokupedzisira. “Ndinopika zvakakomba (kana kuti) ndichaputsa Hofisi yaPresidhendi yeUnited States, uye ndichadzivirira, kudzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States) nokuchinja zvishoma kubva kudare rapakuvamba. George Washington akava wokutanga kuidzokorora pana April 30, 1789, papepa reFederal muNew York City, mugatori wenhau iri yose.

Bumbiro reMitemo rinobvumira purezidhendi kusarudza pakati pokupika (kukumbira mwari) nokusimbisa (chipikirwa chenyika). Iyi nzvimbo inoratidzira kuziva kwavamiriri vemisiyano yorudzidziso nokuparadzana kwechechi nehurumende. Nokufamba kwenguva, mhiko yave ichipiwa neChirevo chikuru cheDare Gurusa, kunyange zvazvo mutongi upi noupi wehurumende angaita kudaro pamutemo. Nguva chaiyoiyo yemhiko yacho ndiyo iyo inotamisa simba remitemo; kutozosvikira mashoko iwayo ataurwa, purezidhendi anobva anoramba ari muhofisi. Ikoku kururamisa kwapamutemo kunosimbisa mutemo sonheyo yedare reAmerica. National Archiversiversivess inochengeta rugwaro rwapakuvamba nezvinyorwa zvekutsauriro iri yose, ichigovera mukoto mukuru wenhau ([FLD:]] Crontioct.[FFF]

Kwemazana emakore, mashoko emhiko yacho haana kumbogadziriswa, kunyange zvazvo mapurezidhendi akambowedzera mashoko akafanana ne “ndibatsirei Mwari.” Washington sezvinoshumwa kuti akawedzera mashoko iwayo, asi uchapupu hwekare hwakanyorwa hunobva kuna Chester A. Arthur muna 1881. Kubvira ipapo, anenge purezidhendi wose akashandisa, achiaita kuti ave chikamu chemhemberero. Zvisinei, rugwaro rwemitemo haruna kuchinjwa, uye hapana chinodikanwa chepamutemo chiripo nokuda kwewedzero ipi neipi.

Chinonzwika Sebasa Retsika

Mutambo wokupika wakura kubva pachiito chepamutemo chenhando kuva muitiro wetsika wakarongwa. Unoitirwa paUnited States Capitol, zvikurukuru paWest Front chifo chokutanga kwaRonald Reagan muna 1981 (kuna vamwe vakasiyana nemamiriro okunze akaoma). Nzvimbo yacho pachayo ine chiratidzo: Capitol inomirira bazi remitemo, uye yakatarisana neNational Mall neWashington Monument zvinobatanidza mukuru kuvanhu uye nevavariro dzenyika.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvinoumba Muitiro

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvakava pasi pose, chimwe nechimwe chine revo huru:

  • Bhaibheri kana kuti rugwaro rworudzidziso – Nepo vapurezidhendi vazhinjisa vanosarudza Bhaibheri, kazhinji kazhinji rine revo yenhau. Washington akashandisa Bhaibheri reMasonic; Barack Obama akashandisa Bhaibheri reLincoln; Donald Trump akashandisa zvose zviri zviviri Bhaibheri rake rouhwana neLincoln Bible. Bhuku rinogona kuratidzira kutenda kwomunhu oga, kupfuurira kwenhau, kana kuti kunyorwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika.
  • Ruoko rworudyi rwakasimudzwa - Ichi chiratidzo, chakabva mumagamuchidzanwa ekare, chinoratidzira chikumbiro chakakomba kuchiremera chakakwirira. Kunosianisa nguva nokutaura kwezuva riri rose.
  • Mutongi Mukuru – Somusoro webazu rinotonga, Mutongi Mukuru anoshandisa mhiko, achiratidzira kuparadzana kwamasimba nebasa redare mukutsigira Bumbiro remitemo.
  • Mukadzi wokutanga nemhuri [ – kuvapo kwavo kunochinja chinoitika chacho uye kunosimbisa danda romunhu oga rehofisi.
  • Hurumende ine makumi maviri neSanihedment - Iyi gadziridzo (yakatenderwa muna 1951) inoganhurira purezidhendi kumashoko maviri, ichiita mhiko yacho nhambo yezvose zviri zviviri mavambo uye mugumo webumbiro remitemo.

Kufora kwokutanga, divi rapurezidhendi wePresidenti, dimial dinal, uye mabhora okutanga kutenderera mhemberero yacho. Izvi hazvisi zviitiko zvepajiandry chete; kusimbiswazve kwerudzi, kazhinji pashure penhimbe inorwadza. Kuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba kuri kuratidzwa zvakazara apo purezidhendi anenge asvika kuCapitol·a anotass anosvika kuCapitol·a gamuchidzanwa rakaputsika munguva dzokusagadzikana kwechienzi bedzi, zvakadai seapo Andrew Johnson akaramba kupinda mubato weUlysses S.

Zviratidzo uye Kuzivikanwa Kwerudzi

Mhiko yapurezidhendi inobatanidza mipimo mikuru yeAmerica: utongi hunosarudzwa navanhu, mutemo, uye chisarudzo chine rugare cherwisano dzezvematongerwe enyika. Murudzi rwepfungwa dzakadzika, mhiko yacho inoshanda senhambo yokuzvipira pamwe chete kuutongi hwebumbiro remitemo. Inoyeuchidza vagari vemo navatungamiriri zvakafanana kuti chiremera chinobuda muBumbiro remitemo, kwete musimba romunhu oga kana kuti revoruzhinji. Ikoku kune simba zvikuru mukuchinja kubva kubato rimwe kuenda kune rimwe. Apo purezidhendi akarasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira kana kuti akawana rwisano huru zvikuru anotora mhiko, chinoitika chokuti tsika inopfuurira kushanda.

Mhiko yacho inosimudzirawo kuzivikanwa kwenyika iri kunze. Vanamazvikokota vokune dzimwe nyika vanopinda, uye zvinobudisa nhau munyika yose zvinoparadzira chiitiko chacho. Mufananidzo wokutamisirwa kworugare kwesimba unopesana nokubvutwa kwehurumende nehondo dzavagari vemo dzinoonekwa munyika dzakawanda. Nokuda kwehurumende itsva dzinosarudzwa navanhu, kutsaurirwa kweU.S. kunobatira somuenzaniso. Njere yetsika nokudaro ndedzose dziri mbiri dzomukati nekunze: inodzidzisa vana veAmerica pamusoro pebasa rehurumende uye vatsigiri vechengeteko dzesimba.

Muti Somuitiro Unobatanidza Munguva Dzenjodzi

Kutsaurirwa kunoverengeka kwakaitika mumigariro yechienzi, kuchiwedzera simba remhiko yacho. Chipikirwa chechipiri chaAbraham Lincoln chakaitika muna 1865 apo Hondo yeChivil yakanga ichipera; kero rake rakanzi “majere kurutivi rwokusavapo” uye“ kuuraya kwavose...[Nhamba yaGooselt yakaitwa muna 1945 mutambo wechina wokugadzwa kwechineitwe weNyika II, mutambo mupfupi muPurote panzvimbo peCapitol. Lyndondon B. Johnson akaita mhiko muMurwi weAir Force Yomwe pashure paJohn F. Kennedy, chinoitika chitsva uye chinokurumidza icho kunyange zvakadaro chakachengeta kupfuurira kwemitemo. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kutsaumbauriro ya 201 yakaitwa mavhiki maviri pashure pokudenha kweGastal, nomusoro mukuru pakati po “panguripo.

Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti mhiko haisi chinhu chinongova chinhu chinowanzoitwa. Chinozorwa norudzi, chiziviso chokuti Bumbiro remitemo rinotsungirira kunyange kana hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu yaedzwa. [[FLT: 0] Chibvumirano chinonyorwa [[[FLT: 1] chinogovera ruzivo rwakawanda rwepamutemo pamusoro pokuitwa kwemhiko yacho uye basa rayo mukutevedzana kwebumbiro remitemo.

Kusiyana - siyana, Kupindirana, uye Kuongorora Kworuzhinji

Pasinei zvapo nerugwaro rwayo rwakatsiga, mhiko yakamutsa nharo. Nhau inowanzova nguva neruramiso zvamashoko. Mutongi mukuru John Roberts akakurumbira akadzosa mhiko yacho paitsaurirwa Barack Obama kokutanga muna 2009, achiparira Obama kudzokorora mashoko acho zvisina kururama. Kuvimbisa kuti pamutemo unoshanda, vaiita mhiko yacho pachivande zuva rinotevera. Gaffe yakatanga nharo pamusoro pokuti mhiko yacho inofanira kuva yakakwana here uye kana purezidhendi akanga ari purezidhendi wechokwadi mukati meawa 24. Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinobvumirana kuti shavo dzomunhu wacho anenge atora hofisi, kunyange nemhoshodzo duku, asi chinoitika chacho chakazivisa pachena ruremekedzo rwapachena nokuda kworugwaro rwacho chairwo.

Imwe gakava inobatanidza kushandiswa kweBhaibheri. Nepo mapurezidhendi mazhinjisa anoshandisa mumwe, vamwe vakasarudza kusashandisa. Theodore Roosevelt haana kushandisa Bhaibheri mukati ma 1901 kupika mudariro rake McKinley; akangosimudza ruoko rwake. John Quincy Adams akashandisa bhuku romutemo, achisimbisa chitendero chake mumutemo wenyika. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, mapoka enyika akashora “ndibatsirei Mwari”, achipikisana norugwaro rwokugadza. matare epasi akatonga pamusoro pezvinetso zvakadaro, akabata kuti chitsama chiri pamutemo uye kwete muedzo worudzidziso unomanikidzirwa. [[FLT:]

Mhiko yacho yazovawo nzvimbo inotangira nharo pamusoro pounzi uye kusavapo. Imwe rondedzero inopfuurira yerangano yakataura kuti Barack Obama akanga asiri mugari wemo akaberekwa ari womuzvarirwo, uye vamwe vakakumbira kuona rugwaro rwake rwokuberekwa asati abvuma mhiko yake. Uyu “mubereki”, kunyange asina simba, akaratidzira kuti mhiko yacho inogona sei kuva muedzo wokufananidzira weritus kuva pamutemo. Chibvumikiso chapachena pamashoko chaiwo uye pamipimo yemuviri (Bhaibheri, nzvimbo yemaoko) chinozivisa kudikanwa kukuru kwetsika yokuoneka, kugamuchirwa kwapamutemo kwesimba.

Kutapura Nzanga Nokuvimba Navose

Mhiko yapurezidhendi inoumba chivimbo chavanhu munzira mbiri: inogovera nhambo yechinzwano chorudzi, uye inogadza mupimo nokuda kwoutungamiriri hwetsika. Apo mhiko inotorwa nechiremera noukombi, inovimbisa vagari vemo kuti mutungamiriri wavo anoremekedza mutemo. Nenzira yakapesana, apo mhiko inooneka yakakurumidza, ichimanikidzirwa, kana kuti isina kuremekedza (zvakadai seapo Richard Nixon aiita 1974 kupika pashure pokurega kwake kwakanga kuri nhau pfupi, yakaoma), inogona kuderedza chivimbo.

Mapepanhau anobudisa mashoko anoita basa rinokosha mukukudza simba retsika. Masangano eterevhizheni anofukidza chinoitika chacho aripo, kazhinji kazhinji netsinhiro dzounyanzvi pamusoro perevo yenhau yeBhaibheri, nzvimbo, uye mashoko okutanga akataurwa sapurezidhendi.Nzanga dzinosimbisa udzame huri hwose, kubva muchimiro chehurukuro yokutanga kusvikira kuchisarudzo chavaimbi. Uku kuzara kunosimbisa kuti mhiko yacho inosvika pamativi ose enzanga, ichisimbisa kukosha kwayo kunyange kune avo vanopa ngwariro shoma kuzvinhu zvematongerwe enyika.

Mudzidzo, mhiko inodzidziswa muzvikoro serutivi rwezvidzidzo zvehurumende. Vadzidzi vanodzidza kuti chipikirwa chapurezidhendi kuvanhu veAmerica, uye kuti kuiputsa kungagona kutungamirira kukusabvumirana. Uku kubatana pakati pemhiko nokuzvidavirira kunoparira gadziriro yose yebumbiro remitemo. Website yeTestamende yeTestamende yeZuva inogovera pfuma yedzidzo inotsanangura mhiko nenzvimbo yayo muBumbiro remitemo.

Kuenzanisa Nyika Yose Nezvinhu Zvinosiyanisa

Shanduro yehurumende dzinotonga dzakawanda dzine mhiko dzamatongerwe enyika dzinodzora. muFrance, shanduro yeU.S. inopika mhiko nokuda kwokupfupikisa kwayo, kuwirirana kwayo kwebumbiro remitemo, uye mutambo wakasanorongwa wakapoteredza. MuUnited Kingdom, mambo anopika mhiko yokugadzwa, asi mutungamiriri wehurumende haapikidzi chigaro. MuFrance, purezidhendi anopika mhiko yokudzivirira nokushandisa Bumbiro remitemo, uye kudzivirira nyika. Chipikiso chacho chakasiyana zvikuru. MuIndia, purezidhendi anopika pamberi poMutongi Mukuru weIndia mumhiko yetsika yenhau paRashtrapati Bavavan, asi mhiko yacho yakakomba zvikuru, kubatanidza kudzivirira nyika uye kutsigira mutemo. U. S. Chipikiso chacho chinova chakatanhamara nokuda kwakananga, chinenge kutaura kupfurikidza nokurevesaidzo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, kana kuti kudzivirira kuvimbika kwehofisi.

Saka kuzvipira kunoitwa mutsika yeUnited States kunowedzerwa nebasa rayo sechiratidzo chehurumende yakaganhurirwa. Chiyeuchidzo chokuti purezidhendi, pasinei nokuti ndiye munhu ane simba kupfuura vose munyika yacho, achiri kusungirwa nemutemo mumwe chete unokosha semugari wemo wose.

Mugumisiro: Simba Risingaperi Remhiko

Mhiko yapurezidhendi haisati ichingova zvayo chisaririra chebumbiro remitemo; igamuchidzanwa mhenyu rinochinjira kuchizvarwa chimwe nechimwe apo chinochengeta revo yacho huru. Inomirira kuchinjwa kune rugare kwesimba, ukuru hweBumbiro remitemo, uye tariro yavose yokuti mutungamiriri mutsva achabatira vanhu nokuvimbika. Kutsaurirwa kumwe nokumwe kunowedzera kutepi yetsika dzinotendiswa(a Bhaibheri idzva rakasarudzwa), ruoko rutsva, hurukuro itsva yakapiwa. Bva mashoko acho anoramba aripo, achibatanidza purezidhendi ari wose kubva Washington kusvikira kuzuva razvino munhevedzano yoruvimbiko rwemitemo.

Sezvo chaunga cheAmerica chinowedzera kuva chakasiana zvikuru uye chakakamukana zvikuru, basa remhiko setsika inobatanidza ringava rinotova rinokosha zvikuru.Inogovera nhambo apo nyika inomira, wachi, uye kuyeuka kuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inotsamira pazvipikirwa zvakachengetwa. chiito chakapfava chokupika mhiko chinova kutaura kukuru kwetsika uko kunopfuura zvamatongerwe enyika ndokumutsidzirazve chibvumirano chenzanga pakati pehurumende navadzorwi. Nokuda kweidzi zvikonzero, mhiko yapurezidhendi ichapfuurira kuva nenzvimbo huru muupenyu hwehurumende yeAmerica, chirevo chipfupiso cheizvo rudzi runoshuva kuva nacho.