Kunzwisisa Kusimba Kwehurumende Neukama Hwehurumende

Ukama pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo iko kunokosha kwehurumende yeAmerica. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. richibvumira chiremera chakafara pasi peTenth Amendment, kushandiswa chaikoiko kwesimba iroro kazhinji kazhinji kunoumba zvakananga miitiro inoshandiswa namaguta, mabhii, uye maruwa chaiwo. Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vakarongeka, kunzwisisa kuti masimba ehurumende anopesvedzera sei mitemo yomunzvimbomo kunokosha mukunzwisisa kushanda chaikoiko kwenyika yehurumende. Nyaya ino inonzvera mienzaniso yakajeka, mirairo yemitemo, uye miitiro inobuda inoratidzira iyi yakaoma kunzwisisa uye inoita kuti ive nesimba, ichipa chiono chikuru kupfuura zvisakiso zvemabhuku.

Tsando yeBumbiro reMitemo: Uko Chiremera Chehurumende Chinovamba

Pedzisitorendi yegumi yeTenth Amendment inochengetera nyika dzose dzisingapiwi zvakananga kuhurumende yehurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza simba rokudzora utano, chengeteko, garikano, uye tsika — zvinowanzonongedzerwa kumasimba emapurisa. Kubva panheyo ino yakafara, nyika dzinopa chiremera kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, mwero wezvigadziko zvomunzvimbomo unosiana zvikuru panzvimbo kana hurumende inotevera [ DALY] . kana kuti yakagamuchira [FLT] kutonga kwomusha . Mumutevero weTSvuraudzo womunzvimbomo. Munzvimbo dzinodzodzodzodzodzodzodzodzodzo dzoga dzakapiwa nenzira yakananga nehurumende. Mukupesana, mutemo wapamusha unozvidzora umene unozvidzora, sokusaita kwapa pamutemo.

Nharaunda Huru Dzepesvedzero yeHurumende Pamutemo Womunzvimbomo

Kudzora Dzidzo Nechikoro

Dzidzo inzvimbo umo pesvedzero yehurumende inoziviswa zvikuru. United States inogadza mipimo yedzidzo, zvinodikanwa zvokuyera, zvirango zvomudzidzisi, uye kazhinji kazhinji iraira mipimo yokushandisa mari. Mu FLORIDA, hurumende yakatanga mipimo inovavarira yetsika yetsika nerevokuzvidavirira yechikoro kupfurikidza neMitemo yeFrial Assessions. Maruwa echikoro emorefactal Assessss. Matudender adzokere kana kuti kurasikirwa nemari inotsigirwa nehurumende. Nenzira dzakafanana ne [[FLT:]][FLT][FLT][FLT]], ruzivo rweZvokuyera naMadzidzirasime (TS) anodzorwa mumipimo yedzidzo yechikoro (T) inotoose) inotorerwa zvakananga, kunyange zvisarudzo dzomunzvimbomo zvomunzvimbomo zvomunzvimbomo zveruwa.

Mubereko Netsika Dzevashandi

Mitemo mishoma inopa mufananidzo chaiwo wehurumende inopesana neyavanhu vomunzvimbomo. Mu [FLT] California, muripo wemari yakaderera zvikuru wenyika yose unomira pari zvino pa $16 paawa, asi dzimwe hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzakadai sedziya dziri muBay Nzvimbo, dzakagadza mari shomanene yomunzvimbomo. Muna 2016, Dare rapa muganhu rakaita Bill 3, iyo yakatanga purogiramu yokukwidza mari shomanene yehurumende uye yakabvumira zvakajeka maguta neyakawanda kuisa mwero wakakwirira. Zvisinei, miitiro ichangobva kupfuura iyi inoratidza kudzo: mashoko anoverengeka — kubatanidza [[FLT:] Alabama yemari yomunzvimbomo, [FLT] inoparira upfumi hwenyika dzose. [FFLT]

Zvakatipoteredza Nenyika Zvinoshandisa Kudzoresa

Muitiro wemhoteredzo ndiimwe nharaunda inorwisana. New York State yakaita chiteshi cheClimate Leadership and Community Protection Act muna 2019, icho chinogadza nyika yose inoshandisa gadziriro dzokuronga zvinhu dzinoshatisa. Uyu mutemo unosunda hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kugadziridza kugadziridza nzvimbo dzadzo, miraudzo yokuvaka, uye kuronga zvokufambisa kuwirirana nevavariro dzehurumende. Nenzira yakafanana, [[FLT:] Colorando][FFFF:5], nyika yose ine nyika inoshandisa gadziriro yokuronga zvinhu inoganhurira maguta kupfurikidza nokuda maguta kuchengetedza miganhu yokukura. maguta. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinofanira kuwirirana, kunyange apo kunoreva kuganhurira fambiro mberi. Mune migove yomunzvimbomo yomunzvimbomo, kana kuti idzoresa migove yomunzvimbomo inobvumira mhepo yomunzvimbomo. [FF]

Kudzorwa Kwepfuti Nokuchengeteka Kwavanhu

Mitemo yokudzora pfuti inomirira nzvimbo yakakwirira zvikuru yerwisano yenyika. Mu TEXAS, mutemo wehurumende unodzima zvikuru mitemo yepfuti dzomunzvimbomo. Pasinei zvapo nokupfura kukuru muUvalede muna 20222, chibvumirano chehurumende chasimbisa mipimo yeyapamberi, kudenha nhamburiko dzomunzvimbomo dzokukwidziridza nhambo kana kuti kuisa zvinodikanwa zvakakotsekana. Mukupesana, California[[FLT][FLT] uye [[FLT:] New York [FL:] inobvumira Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kuisa mitemo yorumano kupfuura muganhu wenyika, kutungamirira kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu omunzvimbomo. Kuwedzera kazhinji kazhinji mamiriro enhau enhau dzinodzo dzinoshandiswa sechito dzinooneka sezvitototo zvinooneka mumugwagwa, [Fopera reze:] kana kuti mamiriro ezvose zvemitemo zvemitemo zvemitemo yomunzvimbomo zvenyika ino ino ino anobvumira kudzosera .[5]

Michina Yokudzora Hurumende: Kusunungurwa Nokushandisa Mari

Kusunungurwa: Chiremera cheHurumende Chokushatisa Mitemo Yomunzvimbomo

Kusunungurwa ndicho chishandiso chakananga zvikurusa chinoshandiswa kupesvedzera mitemo yomunzvimbomo. Kusunungurwa kunoitika apo mutemo wehurumende unoti zvakajeka hurumende dzomunzvimbomo hadzigoni kudzora nzvimbo yakati. Kusunungurwa kwakakwana kunoitika apo mutemo wehurumende unobatanidza nzvimbo yose, kusiirira nzvimbo nokuda kwezviito zvomunzvimbomo. Mumakore gumi apfuura, hurumende dzakashandisa kushandiswa nenzira inowedzera kubviswa munzvimbo dzakadai seredhi refusi, bhegi repurasitiki, miraudzo, uye miraudzo yeguta inoyera. 20222 yefundo yeCenters for Public Peaptionhectives inowanwa kuti mitemo inopfuura 800 yePromplement inoitwa pakati pa 2011 na 201, mibato yakawanda inodzo inodzorwa. Somuenzaniso, [FLT: 0] . [FLT] inodzivirira , uye KG.[5]

Kushanda Nesimba reHurumende

Nyika dzinodzora chikamu chinokosha chemari yehurumende yemo inoshandiswa nemitero, mitero inogoverwa. Padzinoisa migariro paiyi mari, dzinogona kudzora nenzira inobudirira muitiro womunzvimbomo. Somuenzaniso, Michigan mutemo wehurumende unoda kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzigamuchire gadziriro dzemari dzemari uye kusvitsa mipimo yemari yokugoverana mari. Muchibvumirano cheCHOVAD-19, dzinoda yamuro yekurumidziro pakuwirirana nemirairo youtano hwavose, zvakadai sezvinodikanwa kana kuti kudzivirira. FLORIDA], Gavhura Ron tyisidzira kudzosa mari yemari. Mune chikoro chinoraira nzanga kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vemo vadzoro vatode mari inodzorwa kurwa kumitengwa nokuda kwesimba repamutemo.

Fundo Dzenhau: Nhamo Dzenyika Chaiyoiyo Nezvinoitika

Chicago Wage’s Leads w. State Action

Muna 2014, Chicago City Council yakavhota kukwidziridza mari shoma yeguta paawa $55 pa2025, newedzero dzinotevera dzakabatanidzwa nokukwira kwemitengo. Zvisinei, muna 2019, , chibvumirano chehurumende chakapfuudza mari inotakurwa kusvikira ku $5 paawa pa2025 painenge yasvika. Kuoma kwemitengo yeguta kwakaisa uriri hwakakwirira munguva refu, chakabvisa mano eChicago okugadza nokukurumidza kana kuti kuwedzera. Iyi itsika kuti chiito chomunyika chinogona sei kubhadhara mutengo, kuderedza kuchinjika apo nharidzano yokupedzisira inenge iri. Kutambudzika kwakamuka nemhaka yeChicago kwaidzika nemhaka yokuti mamiriro ezvinhu akada nguva huru kupfuura kugovera Hurumende.

Policies Guta Rokuchenesa reCalifornia

California SB, California Value Act, inorambidza masangano ehurumende nevomunzvimbomo kuti ashandise zvinhu kunzvera, kubvunzurudza, kudzorwa, kana kuti kusunga vanhu nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokudzorwa. Uyu mutemo wehurumende wakaumba gadziriro yenzvimbo tsvene mumativi ose eCalifornia, kuisa mitemo yomunzvimbomo yakanga yabvumira kana kuti yaida kushandira pamwe nezviremera zvehurumende zvokubudisira. Mutemo wakashorwa nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, asi unomira somuenzaniso wakasimba wetsika yehurumende inoisa mitero yeyunifomu pamitezoro yomunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, mamwe maguta, kufanana ne County , uye wakazvizivisa kuti "idzorongedzero yehurumende yehurumende, uye hondo yezvamatongerwe enyika inopfuudzo yehurumende inopfuudzira pamutemo. Asi kutotoidzodzodzodzo dzogaro.

Utano Hworuzhinji Mukati meCOVID-19:

Dambudziko rakaparira rwisano dzenzvimbo yazvo pamusoro pemipimo youtano hwavanhu. Mu [FLT: 0] Michigan[[FL:1], Gavhuna Gretchen Whitmer pakuvamba akabudisa mirairo yakakomba iyo yakadzinga mabhizimisi namabhaswo, asi iyo yakadenhwa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo uye pakupedzisira yatendeutswa nehurumende. Masangano outano omunzvimbomo akaedza kuisa ganhuriro dzawo amene, bedzi kupfurikidza nomutemo uyo wakaderedza chiremera chawo. Nenzira yakafanana, mu [[FFLT:][FLT:] [[FLT]] uye [FLT:] [FF]]FFLT]F]F]FOLT [5] [5] . [5] .GUPUMVURAMVURI dzinodzosera pamutemo zvikuru.

Kunyoresa Pamutemo Nokudzora Munharaunda

Sezvo zviremera zvichinyoresa marijuana nokuda kwokushandisa kwezvokurapa kana kuti nhandaro, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzinozviwana dzimene dziri pakati pomutemo wehurumende nerambidzo yehurumende. Mu Colado, nyika yokutanga kunyoresa nhandaro yembava, hurumende inobvumira hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kurambidza kana kuti kugovera zvirongwa zvemirayiridzo yomunzvimbomo. Maruwa mazhinji akasarudza, nepo maguta akafanana naDenver akagamuchira indasitiri. [[FLT:] [FLT]][FLT:[FLT][F: 3], masangano ehurumende anopa rezerobhorasiparati resiparation resitionsss kudzorosarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinoramba dzichiva nedzinongedzerwa.

Kuwedzera Kwemiitiro: Basa Rinowedzera Rokusunungurwa Nehurumende

Kudzora Mari Netsika Dzokugara

Kukwanisa kuwana nzvimbo kwazova rwisano huru. Mu [[FLT: 0] Orogon, chigaro chehurumende chakapfuudza mutemo werendi waidzora nyika yose muna 2019, chichinyandura wedzero dzegore negore pa 7% nokuwedzera kukwira kwemitengo. Iyi nhamburiko dzomunzvimbomo dzokuisa kudzora kukurusa mumaguta akafanana nePortland. [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [FLT] [[FF]]], Tenant Act of rest of 2019 Act ye 2019, asi inobvumirawo hurumende dzorogo kuisa mitemo inodzorwa. Mtekodzodzo inobvumirawo kudzorwa kwemitemo yomunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, mu [FLT] [FLT] uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotsigira dziviriro upfumi hwehurumende.[FFFF]

Kodzero Dzavabereki Nedzidzo

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvakapa mitemo inoganhura mano ezvikoro zvomunharaunda kukurukura misoro yakadai sechimiro chevatano, kuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi, uye rondedzero yedzinza inotsoropodza. FLAVIDA's "Parentional Rights in Education" (Magations av'ants as "[FLT Say Gay]], anorambidza mirayiridzo yekirasi yevatano kana kuti yevatano mumitengo. [FLT:]] Alabama , [FLT]], [FLT:]] Alants [FLT] sa[FLD: 5,], uye [FLT] njodzi dzinokura dzinoitika mumipimo wezvikoro zviripo.

Matambudziko Nenhamo Muukama Hwenyika

Kusawirirana Kwepamutemo Nokunyepera

Apo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinorwisana, matare anowanzova mutongo wokupedzisira. Zvisarudzo zvinobatanidza kusunungurwa kazhinji kazhinji zvinotendeukira kumutauro wakananga wemirairo yenyika negadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Somuenzaniso, guta reSt. Louis rakaputsa dare redare renyika. Massiuri [[FLT:]], rinodenha mutemo 2023 uyo wakabvisa udzori womunzvimbomo wamasangano amapurisa, uchiramba kuputsa gadziriro yemitemo yehurumende yapamusha. Dare gurusa reMissouri rinofanira kutonga. Mu Colorda], anodenha hurumende yapa muganhu womunzvimbomo, asi anodzongonyedza dare gurusa rehurumende, asi anodzongodzosa dare rehurumende. Idzi dzinoratidzira kazhinji kazhinji. [FLT.]

Kusawirirana Kwemaidi Nemapoka Ane Maruwa

Mitemo yehurumende inowanzotapura nharaunda dzomumaguta namaruwa nenzira yakasiana. Mitemo yakawanda yehurumende inodzorwa kumaguta anofambira mberi, nepo nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzingava nechinjika zvikuru nemhaka yefariro shoma yenyika. Zvisinei, nharaunda dzomumaruwa kazhinji kazhinji hadzina zviwanikwa zvokutsigira nokuda kwemitemo yadzo dzimene. Somuenzaniso, zvivako zvinoda maguta kuti akwirire nokuda kwemitengo yakaganhurirwa, asi mataundi maduku okumaruwa angaparapatirwa kubatira pamwe chete navashandi vakaganhurirwa. Zvikamu izvi zvinobvisa mari zvingachinja maruwa okuruwa okuruwa. Uku kupesana kunogona kushandura kuva kwapa muganhu nokusasarura pakati pezvikamu zveruwa. Kukakavarasana kwenyika pakati pemichato neyamuko yomunzvimbomo yomunzvimbomo idenho inopfuurira.

Mafungiro Avanhu Nekutsigira Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Mitemo yomunzvimbomo inowanzova pedyo zvikuru navanhu kupfuura mitemo yehurumende, bva kusunungurwa kwehurumende kunogona kukurira zvisarudzo zvizhinjisa pamwero womunzvimbomo. Nzvero ya2020 ne National League of Cities yakawana kuti 73% yavavhoti vanotsigira chisarudzo chomunzvimbomo chaita kurukurirano seripi remari shoma uye inobhadharwa. Kana nyika dzakabvisa mitemo yomunzvimbomo, dzingava dzinosimbisa kuda kwevoruzhinji. Zvisinei, hurumende inoramba kuti mipimo yakafanana iri madikanwa nokuda kwamabhizimisi uye kudzivisa "kutsaurirwa pasi. Iyi dzvinyiriro yedemocracy iri pamwoyo pekurukurirano yehurumende yenyika: mweroi wakakodzera zvikurusa kumirira fariro yavose munharaunda inopiwa?

Mupeto: Dzikamo Inochinja Yesimba

Ukama pakati pamasimba ehurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo hahuna kujeka kana kuti kuenzana. Mhiri kweUnited States, tinoona mhatsa huru yebatano, kubva kunyika dzinogonesa kuvandudza kwomunzvimbomo kuparira hurumende kubvisa nenzira youdzori hwomunzvimbomo. Kunzwisisa simba iri kunoda kusanosanonzvera nheyo dzemitemo, dzidziso dzapamutemo sekusunungurwa, uye nzvero dzenhau chaidzoidzo dzenyika. Kuvadzidzi navadzidzisi, chinhu chikuru ndeicho chinotonga uye chinowanzova chiito chenharo, apo nhau imwe cheteyo inogona kubudisa miuyo yakasiana zvikuru inotsamira pahurumende napamberi yezvamatongerwe enyika. Sezvo zvibvumirano zvinopfuurira kusimbisa chiremera panzvimbo dzabva kunzvimbo dzabva kunzvimbo, uye sezvo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinosimudzokororo mumatare nebhokisi renyika yeAmerica, nguva yemberi yechibvumirano chenyika yehurumende ichatsamira sei muiyi nhevedzano yemifungo. Kuramba kuidzorongedzero pamusoro pezvidzodzodzodzo dzosedzo dzose.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, zviwanikwa zvokunzvera zvinobva mu Conference of State Legislatures pamusoro pemiitiro yekusunungurwa , U.S. Census Bureaution's metary on-chokocal fiscal communices[, uye kunzvera kubva ku Brennan Center yeRuramisiro pahurumende nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.[[FLT]]