Ukama pakati pemiitiro yenyika nenzanga dzomunzvimbomo hwakajeka uye hune mativi akawanda, huchiumba upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavagari vemo munzira dzose dziri mbiri dzinooneka nedzisingangwariri. Kubva kurudzi rwavana vedzidzo vanogamuchira kusvikira kukuvapo kwoutano, mugariro wemigwagwa, uye pfungwa yekotsekano yavose, zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinoparira tsutsumo dzinosvika kumataundi madukusa namaguta makurusa. Kunzwisisa iyi rondedzero inokosha nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vakabatikana vanoda kufamba nokupesvedzera gadziriro dzinodzora nzanga dzavo.

Kugadzirwa Kwetsika Dzenyika

Mitemo yenyika inoumbwa pamwero wehurumende kuti igadzirire nhau dzinotapura nyika yose. Inobva mumuitiro wakaoma unobatanidza kunzvera, kurukurirano yavose, kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye hwirudzuro yedare. Iyi mirau inoita zvimiro zvinoverengeka, chimwe nechimwe chine miuyo yakasiana- siyana netapuro:

  • [ REGES: Mitemo inopiwa neCongress, yakadai seAffordicable Care Act kana kuti Indacract Rescurement and Jobs Act, yakagadza zvinodikanwa zvikuru uye yakagovera mari nokuda kwenharaunda dzakati.
  • Mitemo: Masangano eFederal akafanana neEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) kana kuti Department of Education inoita mitemo ine udzame yokushandisa mitemo, kazhinji kazhinji inotapura ndyiko dzokuteerera dzomunzvimbomo nemipimo yokushanda.
  • Mirairo inodzorwa: Tracy inobva kuna Purezidhendi inodzora mabasa ehurumende uye inogona kuchinja gadziriro yezvokutanga pasina tendero yedare, sezvinoonekwa mukuchengetwa kwokutama kana kuti chiito chemamiriro okunze.
  • [ Garlants neMandates: Mitemo mizhinji inopinza mari kunyika nenzvimbo kupfurikidza nezvipo, asi pane dzimwe nguva inoisa mirairo isina kunyorwa iyo inodzvinyirira bhajeti dzomunzvimbomo.

Zvishandiso izvi zvinogadzira gadziriro umo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, zvikoro, zvipatara, uye mabhizimisi zvinofanira kushanda.Muuyo wacho igadziriro yokudzora ine mibatanidzwa umo zvinangwa zvorudzi zvinobatana nezvinokosha zvomunzvimbomo.

Kubatsira Kunoita Dzidzo Dzomunharaunda

Dzidzo ndeimwe yenzira dzakananga zvikuru idzo mitemo yenyika inotapura nayo nzanga. zvisarudzo zveFederal zvinopesvedzera kupiwa mari, mipimo yedzidzo, kuzvidavirira, uye zvinodikanwa zvakaenzana. Nepo nyika namaruwa zvichidzora zvikuru, mitemo yenyika inogadza miganhu nezvinopesvedzera izvo zvinoumba zvomunzvimbomo zvezvinhu zvekirasi.

Kutsigira Mari Nokuenzana

, yakaitwa muna 2015, yakatsiva child Child Chile Chichisiyiwa Seri nehurumende, asi ichizochengeta utarisiri hwehurumende nokuda kwokusasarura. ESSA inopa zita rezvikoro zvinobatira vanhu vashoma vanowanikwa, mari yokudzidzisa, unyanzvi, uye mudzidzisi. Zvikoro zvemo zvinofanira kusvitsa mitanharo yakananga kuti zvikwanirise mari iyi, ichiita kuti igadzirise migumisiro yevadzidzi vanotambura.

Fundo: ESSA muruwa rwokumaruwa

Rangarira ruwa rwechikoro chamaruwa muApalachia. Pasi peEssa, ruwa rwacho runogamuchira mari yokuwedzera kutsigira vadzidzi veroki, iyo inoshandisa nokuda kwepurogiramu dzechikoro navavakidzani vendangariro. Sezvinofungwa, mutemo unoda kuti nyika izive zvikoro zvinotamburira ndokupindira. Ruwa rwacho runofanira zvino kutanga gadziriro dzevandudziko, runoita vabereki, uye runoshuma fambiro mberi (matanho) inoda vashandi nguva nenzvimbo zvokutarisira. Nepo kuchinjika kweESSA kunobetsera kugadziridza zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo, gadziriro yokuzvidavirira inogona kunetsa maruwa maduku navashandi vakaganhurirwa.

Mipimo Yorudzi Nepesvedzero Yegadziriro

Common Core State Direfects, kunyange zvazvo isiri murairo wehurumende, yakakwidziridzwa kupfurikidza neRhangemutange kusvikira kupurogiramu yokupa iri pamusoro. Nyika zhinji dzakagamuchira iyi mipimo, dzichipesvedzera izvo vadzidzi vanodzidza musvomhu nechiNgezi. Vadzidzisi vomunzvimbomo vanofanira kuronga gadziriro dzefundo, zvokugadziridza zvokushandisa, uye kugadzirira vadzidzi nokuda kwemiedzo ine revo yakabatana neiyi mipimo. Ikoku kwakanyandura gakavaro pamusoro pokudzora kwomunzvimbomo nedzidzo yenyika, nedzimwe nzanga dzichidzokera shure kuti dzichengete zviri mukati mamiriro etsika.

Dzidzo Yakakwirira Nekufambira Mberi Kwebasa

Mitemo yehurumende inotapurawo makoreji enzanga namapurogiramu ebasa. Pell Grants nepurogiramu dzezvikwereti zvavadzidzi zvinosarudza kusvika kudzidzo yapamusoro, nepo kufambira mberi kwevashandi kwakadai seMubato weBasa weInnosourition neOpportunity Act (WIOS) yokupa mari yokurovedza basa munzvimbo dzinopoteredza. Apo miraudzo yenyika inochinja mukukanganwira chikwereti kana kuti kupiwa mari yokudzidzira dzidzo), makoreji anofanira kugadziridza migove yawo kuti asvitse zvinodikanwa zvomudzidzi nezvinodikanwa nomushandirwi.

Kutarisira Utano Neutano Hwenzanga

Zvisarudzo pamusoro pokubhadharwa kweinishuwarenzi, mari inotsigirwa nevoruzhinji, uye kuiswa kwemirimo zvinoumba mabasa anowanika mukiriniki nezvipatara, pamwe chete nomutoro wemari pamhuri.

Act yokutarisira Inotapurika (ACA) Mundima Dzenzvimbo Yacho

ACA inofutunurwa kumamirioni kupfurikidza neMedicaid yereshinarenzi yavanhu voga. Munyaya kuti vanhu vakuru vakakudza Medicaid, mari shoma yaiwanikwa vakawana mukana wokudzivirira, kuderedza mwero yokusada kudzorwa nokuvandudza migariro isingaperi. Zvipatara zvomunharaunda zvakaderedza mari yokutarisira, zvichivabvumira kuisa mari mumabasa matsva. Zvisinei, mudzimwe nyika dzisina kuwedzera Médicaid, mukaha wekubhadharwa wemari unopfuurira, zvichitungamirira kumwero mukuru wechikwereti chezvokuraparwa kwemishonga uye kunonotswa munzanga idzodzo.

Somuenzaniso, imwe nzvimbo yezvoutano yenzanga muhurumende yeMedicaid ingapa mari inoshandiswa nevarwere vemazino uye vepfungwa.

Kutanga Kwoutano Hwavose Nokugamuchira Kwomunzvimbomo

Masangano ezvoutano avanhu vose akadai seCDC anotanga nhimbe dzenyika — nenhomba, kudzivirira kwoupfu, kana kuti kufutisa (zvinoderera kudhipatimendi romunzvimbomo routano). Kushandisa nokuda kweizvi zviito kunowanzouya nezvinodikanwa zvakati, zvichiumba nzira iyo nzanga dzinogadzirisa nayo zvinetso zvavo zvakasiana. Vakuru vakuru vezvoutano vomunzvimbomo vanofanira kudzikamisa mirau yehurumende nechimiro chetsika nenzvimbo zviripo.

[[[FF:0] Chiratidzo: Dambudziko reOpioid

Hurumende yehurumende yakazivisa denda reOpioid kuti idambudziko rengozi youtano hwavanhu uye yakagovera mabhiriyoni nokuda kwokurapa, kudzivisa, uye kudzika mutemo. Nzanga dzomunzvimbomo dzakashandisa iyi mari kutanga gadziriro dzokurapa dzinogoverwa nemiripo, kuwedzera kuparadzirwa kwenaloxone, uye zvitima zvokudaviridza. Munharaunda dzomumaruwa, umo mwero yokupindwa muropa nemabasa akaganhurirwa, aya madhora enyika ave anokosha zvikuru (8) asi kurega mari kana kuti kuchinja kwemiitiro kunogona kumisa fambiro mberi nokukurumidza.

Kufambira Mberi Kwezvirongwa uye Tsika Dzorudzi

Nharaunda(mabhiriji), mabhiriji, mamichina emvura, mabhande, uye kufambisa vanhu nemota (inzvimbo inoyera dzimbahwe umo mutemo wehurumende unosarudza kuvakwa, kuchengetwa, kana kuti kudzorwa. Mutemo weHurumende unoita kuti mari ivepo, kudzokororwa kwemhoteredzo, uye mipimo yegadziriro izvo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinofanira kushandisa.

Kushandisa Michina Yemari

Infrablicre Investicement and Jobs Act (IJA) ya2021 ye $1,2 mabhiriyoni US $2,2 mugadziriro mumakore mashanu, nezvikamu zvinokosha zvinogoverwa kuhurumende kupfurikidza nemigove. Nzanga dzinokwikwidza nokuda kwezvipo zvapamutemo zvakadai sezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinotakura motokari, kusimba kwapabopora, uye kudzikamiswa kwenjanji. Muitiro uyu wamakwikwidzani unoda mativi ose ane unyanzvi hwokupa, zvimwe mikaha mikana pakati penzvimbo dzepfuma nedzinochengetedzwa.

Mitemo Yemhoteredzo Nokuronga Kwomunzvimbomo

Clean Water Act and National Environmental Policy Act inoda kunzvera mhoteredzo nokuda kwezvirongwa zvinotsigirwa nehurumende. Hurumende dzemo dzinofanira kuitisa fundo, kuisa dare revoruzhinji, uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwemhoteredzo yazvo (matanho anogona kunonotsa mabasa enzanga asi anobatanidzawo zvinobatanidzwa munzanga. Somuenzaniso, kukura kwemugwagwa mukuru kupfuvura nomunharaunda duku kungatarisana nechishoro chakavakirwa panhau dzemhoteredzo yakapoteredza, kuchitungamirira kukudzosera kukuwanisa kana kuti kuparadzwa.

Kubatanidzwa Mugadziriro Yenzanga

Zvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvinobudirira zvinowanzotsamira pakuvimbisana nzanga. Mapoka okubhadharwa emo anogona kukwidza migwagwa yebhasikoro, kuchengeteka kwevanofamba netsoka, uye kufambiswa nokusasarura. Mitemo yeFederal inowedzera kuda kuti vanhu vabatane, asi kunaka kwebvumirano iyoyo kunosiyana. Masangano ehurumende anoshingaira anoona kudzoreka kuri nani pakati pemari yenyika uye zvinodiwa zvomunzvimbomo.

Tsika Dzemari Nebudiriro Yomunzvimbomo

Mitemo yezvoupfumi yorudzi − mitero, zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi, mari shomanene, uye kuchengetwa kwokusavimbika — zvinoderedza mugariro webhizimisi nemari yemhuri munzanga iri yose.

Mutezo Wemitero Nemari Yomunzvimbomo

Mitemo yemitero yemasangano inotapura upfumi hwenyika kupfurikidza nokupesvedzera kuiswa kwemari yebhizimisi, mari yavanoshandira, uye mari yehurumende. Muteo weTsima uye weMitero wa2017 wakaderedza mwero yemitero yemakambani, iyo mamwe makambani aishandisa kusimudzira mitero uye kugovana, nepo mamwe akawedzera kuiswa kwemari yemari. Kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo, chifukidzo chehurumende uye chemitero yomunzvimbomo zvakatapurwa zvikuru nemitero yakakwirira, zvichitungamirira kukukangaidzika kwemitero nedzvinyiriro pamabasa omunzvimbomo.

Kutengesa Nokuongorora Nzanga

Vatongi nezvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana zvinotapura zvakananga mataundi anotsamira pakugadzira kana kuti kurima. USMCA (yakuisa NAFTA) yakachinja mitemo nokuda kwemativi emotokari nemukaka, ichibetsera maindasitiri apo inokuvadza mamwe. Masangano akarasikirwa namafekitari nemhaka yamakwikwi enyika yose akaparapatika kukwirira kukwirira, nepo ayo anowana mabasa matsva ane chokuita nebhizimisi anoona kukura mukuda kwedzimba nokunyoreswa kwechikoro.

Mutengo Wemari Nevashandi

Kunyange zvazvo mari shoma yehurumende yakaramba iri pa $7,25 kubva muna 2009, nyika dzakawanda nemaguta zvakaita zvishoma zvikuru. Gakava remitemo yenyika pamusoro pouriri hweU. $55 rinotapura ndyiko dzomunzvimbomo dzezviverengero zvipenyu. Mabhizimisi maduku, kuzviisa pasi kunogona kureva ndyiko dzakakwirira dzokushanda kana kuti kubhadharwa mari shoma, nepo vashandi vari mumakambani ezvikoro zvishoma vanowana simba rinotenderera muupfumi hwomunharaunda.

Tsika Dzakatipoteredza Nokurevererwa Kwenzanga

Mitemo yezvakatipoteredza munyika yose yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira mhepo, mvura, uye nyika, asi kuchinjwa kwayo kunosiyana - siyana nemhaka yenzanga.

Mitemo yeEPA Nemabhizimisi Omunzvimbomo

Clean Air Act ne Clean Water Act inoisa miganhu inoparira kubudiswa nokubudiswa kwemvura inotapura mafekitari, mafekitari, uye mapurazi. Nzanga inotsamira pamarasha ingatarisana nokurasikirwa nebasa apo nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kubudisa magetsi dzinodzorwa nechero apo magetsi anodzokororwa zvikuru anovharwa, nepo nzanga ine midziyo yesimba inomutsidzirwa inobetsera kubva kuchikwereti chenyika chezuva kana kuti mhepo. Kuchinja kwokuchenesa simba kunoparira vakundi nevanorasikirwa, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji mativi enyika neupfumi.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Nenjodzi Zvagadzirirwa

Mitemo yeyaunion detal desition inosarudza kuti nzanga dzinokurumidza sei kupora mumadutu, mwoto, uye mafashamo. Stafford Act inodzora zviziviso zvengwavaira uye mari zvokuvakazve. Nzanga dzemhenderekedzo dzegungwa dzinofanira kusvitsa mipimo mitsva yokutarisira mafashamo kuti dzikwanirise nokuda kweinishuwarenzi yemvura yepasi, inotapura mabumbiro okuvaka uye mipimo yepfuma. Rongedzero dzokutsungirira dzinowedzera dzinobatanidza zvikuru nhungamiro dzemubatanidzwa pakukwira kwegungwa nemamiriro okunze akaipisisa.

Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose uye Tsika Dzorudzi

Kutonga, kutonga kwematsotsi, uye kuita chimwe chinhu chinoitwa nokukurumidza zvikurukuru imabasa omunzvimbomo, asi mitemo yenyika inoumba gadziriro dzayo.

Kudzora Pfuti Nokushanda Kwomunzvimbomo

Mitemo yepfuti yenyika inoisa mavambo nokuda kwenzvero dzekare, kutengesa, uye ganhuriro pazvombo zvakati. Masangano omunzvimbomo anogona kushandisa mitemo yakatsiga, asi mitemo yehurumende yokudzima kazhinji kazhinji inoganhurira ikoku. Nzanga dzine mwero yakakwirira yemasimba masimba epfuti dzingagamuchira mirau yapamusoro yeguta, kuzongotarisana bedzi nedenho dzapamutemo dzakavakirwa pamitemo yehurumende yokudziurirwa kana kuti yeSecond Amendment.

Kushandiswa Kwemirimo Nokurapwa

Hondo yehurumende pamirimo yakasimbisa kusungwa nokusungwa munhau, asi muitiro wemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi unochinja - chinja — kufanana neFirst Step Act(*promote yoderedza mipimo yakaderera. Madhipatimendi emapurisa omunharaunda ayo anogamuchira mari yehurumende nokuda kwesimba remirimo angaisa gadziriro dzokusunga dzakatangwa, nepo vamwe vachiendesa zviwanikwa kukurapwa kwokupindwa muropa nokukuvadzwa, kuratidzira kuderera kwenzanga.

Kutanga Kwezviito Zvehurumende Zvomunzanga

Department of Community Policing Services (COPS) inogovera mari yokuroja vakuru vakuru nevashandi vemapurisa omunzanga. Kubudirira kunotsamira pautungamiriri hwomunharaunda uye kuvaka kuvimbana. Purogiramu yakapiwa yapakati peguta ingaderedza utsotsi kupfurikidza nokurinda makumbo nemisangano yomunharaunda, asi pasina mari inotsigirwa nokuzvidavirira, kubudirira kunogona kuderera.

Kutengesa Vanhu Munzanga: Kubvisa Mitemo Munzvimbo Yapasi

Nzanga dzemo hadzisi vanhu vanogamuchira mitemo yenyika; dzinoiumba nokushingaira kupfurikidza nokutaura zvapamutemo, kuvimbisana, uye kuvimbisana nzanga.

Midzi Inotanga Kufamba uye Kuchinja Kwetsika

Makambani akafanana nokurwira mari shoma ye $15, nhambo yepasi, uye nhimbe dzeruramisiro dzedzinza zvakasundira kurukurirano dzemitemo yehurumende.Varongi vomunzvimbomo vanovaka mibatanidzwa, vamiriri vanokumbira, uye vanoshandisa zvinobudisa nhau kuwedzera itiro hanya dzavo. Kudzivisa Dakota Acces Pippine paVict Rock kunoratidza kuti nzanga yomunzvimbomo inogona sei kuwana ngwariro yenyika nepesvedzero yesimba.

Kubatana Nevakuru Vakuru Vakarongwa

Dzimba dzeguta, kushanya panzvimbo dzebasa, uye mitemo zvinobatsira vakuru vakuru kunzwisisa zvinobatanidzwa munzvimbo. Dzimwe nzanga dzinoumba mapoka enharaunda kuti dzibvume zvinhu zvakafanana, zvakadai semabhandi omumaruwa kana kuti masangano emvura, zvichiwedzera kufarira kwavo zvematongerwo enyika.

Kuedza Kuzivisa Vanhu

Zvikoro zvomunzvimbomo nezvisingabudiriri zvinodzidzisa vagari pamusoro pechinjo dzemitemo inomirira kugadziriswa (_nomuenzaniso, kubviswa kweMedicaid kwaizotapura sei vana vane urema, kana kuti mirau mitsva yemhoteredzo ingatapura sei mapaki omunzvimbomo. Vagari vemo vakarovedzwa sezvingabvira zvikuru kuvhota, kunyorerana runhare navamiriri, uye kutora rutivi mukutongwa, kusimbisa kuzvidavirira kwoutongi hwehurumende.

mhedziso

Miitiro yenyika inotanga munzanga dzose dzomunzvimbomo, inotapura dzidzo, dzidzo, marongerwo ezvirongwa, upfumi, mhoteredzo, uye chengeteko. Kuziva uku kubatana kunopa simba vagari vemo kukuva vatsigiri vakaziviswa, vanokwanisa kuumba zvisarudzo zvinotapura nharaunda dzavo nemhuri. Sezvo miitiro inovapo nejeka (pakuvhota, matare, uye kuchinja kwenzanga) kunoramba kuri chishandiso chine simba zvikurusa chokuita kuti masimba enyika ashande zvakanaka zvakafanana.

Nokuda kwokunzverazve, varavi vanogona kunzvera ESSA mibatanidzwa yezvirongwa, nyora mumugwagwa Act yeCare community form [, uye hwirudzura [[[FLT:]] uye [FLT] Indationmentation and Jobs Actroct [[FLT:]] mibato yemibato yenzanga.