Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Netapuro Yaro Inopfuurira Parusununguko Rwevagari Vemo Rwazvino Uno

Chivil Rights Movement ye1950 ne 1960s zvinomira seimwe yenhambo dzinochinja zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica. Yakanga iri rwisano yakapfuuridzirwa, ine ngozi yakaitwa neAfrican America nevokwake kubvisa gadziriro inobvumirwa nomutemo yedzinza, kubvisa maruramiro edzinza, uye masimba masimba akanga apfuurira chifo chekugadziriswa. Nepo sangano racho rakawana rukundo rwemitemo yemitemo, nhaka yaro yechokwadi iri mugadziriro yaro yakatangwa nokuda kwenzwisiso yazvino uno yerusununguko rwavagari vemo nerusununguko zvinodzivirira vanhu vamwe navamwe mukudzorwa nohuva nechokwadi chokubatwa kwakaenzana pasi pomutemo. Kunzvera uku kwakakura kunoratidzira pesvedzero kwarongedzero dzaro huru pakodzero dzavagari vemo, kutarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira, uye kurangarira basa razvinotambudza nokuda kwedzidzo inochengetwa nerusununguko.

Zviitwa Zvakaumba Mutemo

Chivil Rights Movement haina kubuda pasina chinhu. Yakavakirwa pamakumi amakore okuronga kwouswa, gadziriro yapamutemo neNAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, uye ushingi hwavagari vemowo zvavo vakaisa upenyu hwavo mungozi.

Mutemo Wa 1964 Wekodzero Dzevanhu

Sezvinobvumwa kuti chikamu chikurusa chinoparirwa nomutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo chifo chokugadziridza, Chibvumirano cheCivil Rights cha1944 chakarambidza rusaruro pahwaro hwedzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo orudzi. Umutwe II wakadzivisa kuganhurirwa mudzimba dzavose dzakadai sehotera, resitorendi, uye nzvimbo dzemitambo. Chikamu VII chakagadzira Dare reMabasa reOcligister Option Commission uye shop. Ichi chiito hachina kugumisa bedzi kusarura kwapamutemo muSouth asi chakagoverawo chishandiso chapamutemo nokuda kwavakadzi, vashomanene vorudzidziso, uye gare gare gare gare LGBTQ kuti vapikire vanhu kudenha rusaruro. National Archivess realgiontsworces real anogovera rugwaro rwakazara nenhau yomutemo uyu wemitemo.

Murayiro Wokutsigira Kodzero Wa1965

Pashure pedenho dzoutsinye pamafora muSelma, Alabama, Purezidhendi Lyndon B. Johnson akasundira muVoting Rights Act, iyo inorambidza miitiro yokuvhota nokuvhota yakadai senzvero dzokunyora nokunyora, mitero yokuvhota, uye mamwe mashandiro akarongedzerwa kudzvinyirira kunyoresa muBlack. Chikamu 5 chaida masimba akati nenhau yorusaruro kuti uwane muganhu usati wachinja mitemo yokuvhota. Ikoku kunoita nenzira inoshamisa kunyoreswa kwakawedzera zvikuru uye kuratidzirwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika pakati paAfrica, zvikurukuru muDeead South. U. Batein of Justice inotsanangura ukoshi yebasa rinogara uye magariro anotevera.[FLT]

Murayiro Wakanaka Wedzimba wa1968

Apfuudzirwa mukuuraya kwaMartin Luther King Jr., Fair Howary Act yakarambidza rusaruro mukutengeswa, kurenda, uye kupiwa mari kwedzimba dzakavakirwa parudzi, ruvara, rudzidziso, mavambo orudzi, uye gare gare vatano yakawedzerwa, urema, uye nzvimbo inodzorwa. Mutemo uyu wakavavarira kupedza makumi amakore esungano dzinoganhurira rudzi, uchidzorwa neFederal Hollation Administration, uye miitiro chaiyoiyo yenzvimbo iyo inodzorwa nenzanga dzechitema. Zvisinei, ganhuriro dzamabasa edzimba dzinoramba dziri nzvimbo dzinorwisanwa, sezvo kugarwa kwemisha kunopfuurira munharaunda dzakawanda.

Kusarudzwa Kwezvikoro Zvavose Nenzvimbo

Chisarudzo cheDare rapamusoro ra 1954 mu Brown v. Board yeDzidzo yakazivisa kuti “masangano edzidzo akapesana haana kuenzana,” achiputsa p. Ferguson “akangova akaenzana. Asi haana kuitika nokukurumidza. Yakatora Rock duku [[[FLT:] [[FLT]] muna 1957, zvirairo zvedare, uye mauto ehurumende kuti adzorere munhambo. Deselves Brea revolves Buy Bucotts neRounds, maraibhurari, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokunda. Iyi nheyo dzakatanga kusimbisa simba rayo revoko rehurumende kuti dzishande vanhu vose.

Kuparira Kwakaita Kusunungurwa Kwedzidziso Yavanhu Vamwe Yazvino Uno

Kuchinja kwepamutemo uye kwetsika kwakaitwa neCivil Rights Movement hakuna kuguma nema1960.

Kuwedzera Kodzero Kumamwe Mapoka Akaganhurirwa

Mazano nokurangarira kwapamutemo kweChipo chekodzero dzechivo cheChivil Movement zvakabatira sechitsivo chekodzero dzapashure nokuda kwerwisano. Kushanda kwekodzero dzavakadzi kwema1960 na1970 zvakakumbirwa zvakananga kubva kuChiteko cheCivil Rights Act cha1964. Chirambidzo cheTit Vitime VII chinorambidza kusaenzana kwevatano yevatano yepabasa. Vatsigiri vekodzero dzechikaro vakashandisa muenzaniso wokudzivirira vaAmerica neMitemo yeUrema ye199095. LGBT+ kodzero dzekodzero dzakaita kuti pave nohudziwo rwakaenzana rwe Brown[FLT] [FLT 1] mumha] munhau dzakafanana [FLT: 2] Obergefell. v. Hodson [FOG] [FOG] [5], inonyoresa pamutemo yomuchato wokwenyuko.Mute, mutemo mumwe nomumwe wakavakirwa pamitemo yavagari chavagari chavagari chavagari chavagari chavanhu vavanhu vakabva kugari.

Zviitiko Zvepamutemo Zvichiri Kutungamirira Matare

Nemhaka huru dzeDare Gurusa dzinovambira panhambo yeChivil Rights dzinopfuurira kuumba jurisprudence yazvino uno. Lovating v. Virginia (1967) yakakurira mitemo inorwisana nemitemo inodzivisa kuganhurirwa kwemitemo, kugadza maruramiro makuru okuroora akasununguka paganhuriro dzedzinza (a muenzaniso unodudzwa mukuenzana kwemitemo yeroorano. [[FLT:]] kurova kwaAtlantalty of Motel v. United States [1964]]) (1964) akatsigira gadziriro dzekodzero dzechikwata chavose dzepokamiriri pasi pekodzero dzeClassiclee, achisimbisa basa rehurumende mukudzivirira shambidzo dzavagari vehurumende. [FL.F.5]

Tsika Yokuita Zvinhu Zvisina Kufanira

Chivil Rights Movement yakaratidzira kuti vanhuwo zvavo .kazhinji kazhinji vanhu vaduku vangaronga uye vangachinja pasina kumirira vezvematongerwe enyika kana kuti matare. Kufamba kwapakarepo, Freedom Rides, March paWashington, uye vhoti zviito zvokunyoresa zvakapfaviswa, mabasa akakwirira akavaka dzvinyiriro yavose. Uyu mufananidzo wemibato yemaspiriti wave wakawedzerwa mumibato inobva murwisano inorwisana neAfrica kusvikira ku [[FLT:]] Mirimo ine mifungo mizhinji, iyo inokwevera zvakajeka pamaitiro okusateerera kwavagari vemo, mitauro inoronga, uye kuvaka mubatanidzwa mukuvakwanopayona muna 1960.

Kungwarira Vanhu Vose Kusaenzana Kwegadziriro

Pamberi peCivil Rights Movement, vachena vazhinji veAmerica vakanga vasingazivi kana kuti vasingakendengi kunyadzisira kwezuva nezuva namasimba masimba zvakatarisana navagari vemo vechiBlack. Kufukidzwa kweterevhizheni kwoutsinye hwamapurisa muBirmingham (1963) uye kufamba kweSvondo kunopa ropa muSelma (65) kwakakatyamadza rudzi. Uku kumuka kwakaparira kudikanwa kusingagumi kwokuzvidavirira nokuoneka mukuchengetwa kwomutemo nehurumende. Nhasi, makamera eboka rezvero, uye kuunganidzwa kwemashoko panzvimbo dzamapurisa zviri kubuda mudariro yapakuvamba iya yokutaura zvokwadi pamusoro porusaruraganda.

Kuramba Uchisunungurwa Pavagari Vemo Zvinetso Muzana Ramakore Ramakumi Maviri Rokutanga

Bhizimisi racho rinenge risati rapedza kubudisa mibvunzo yekodzero dzevanhu yepanguva yedu, pasinei nokuti rakunda mumatare, ravimbisa kuti vanhu vachange vakasununguka.

Kuzvidza Kwourudzi Noutsinye Hwamapurisa

Kuparadza dzinza kupfurikidza nokuchengetwa kwomutemo kunopfuurira pamwero inotyisa. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti vatyairi veBlack neHispanic vanomiswa, vanosechwa, uye vanosungwa pamwero yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura vatyairi vachena. Rufu rwaGeorge Floyd, Breonna Taylor, uye vamwe vasingaverengeki vakanyandura kutsutsutsumwa munyika yose uye kukumbira kuvandudzwazve kwamapurisa. Nepo Civil Rights Act nemitemo yebvumirano yehurumende zvinogovera mishonga yakati, mutoo wekudzoro dzinodzoreka nzanga shomanene unosimudzira funga pamusoro pedziviriro huru yeC5 Demendmentmentation neguection, pamwe chete nokurevedzero yodziviriro yakaenzana.

Kudzvinyirirwa Kwezvinhu Munhambo Yazvino Uno

Pashure pechisarudzo cheDare Gurusa muna 2013 Shelby County v. Hoder, yakabvisa mutoo wekutanga weProfication Rights Act, nyika dzakawanda dzakatanga kushinga kugadza mitemo inoganhurira. Zvinodiwa zvekuvhota zvakasimba, kubviswa kwevhota, kuderera kwokuvhota pakutanga, uye kuvharwa kwenzvimbo munharaunda duku kwakatungamirira kukutangwa kwekodzero dzokubvisa kodzero dzepamutemo. Varongwa vacho vane chinangwa chikuru chokuvhotera kuti vasaruki vaenzane uye vasarukirwe. [FOct:]

Kupinda Mungozi Kwakawanda Negadziriro Yeruramisiro Yeutsotsi

United States inodzosera vanhu vakawanda pamunhu mumwe chete kupfuura rumwe rudzi rupi norupi, uye kusiyana kwemadzinza kwakajeka. Varume vevatema vane bviro inodokupetwa nekatanhatu sevarume vachena kuti vapinzwe mutorongo. Hondo paMirimo, mitongo yaidiwa, uye mitemo yetatu yakaparira rudzi rutsva rwetsika runotapura nzanga dzeAfrica. Rudzi rweCivil Rights Movement ruri kushandiswa kudenha mari, migariro yetorongo, uye kubvisa mitongo, namasangano akafanana neNaCP Legal Defense Fund achitungamirira basa.

Kusarurwa Kunopfuurira Mubasa Nedzimba

Kunyange uko mitemo inorambidza zvakajeka rusaruro, kuchengetwa kunowanzova kuduku. Kurongeka kwemabasa kwakaoma kubvumikisa; vanyajambwa vazhinji havatongopinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyi. Dzimba dzorusaruro(kudzorwa kwenzvimbo nevanopa nzvimbo, miitiro yokukweretesa ine rusaruro, uye kuronga mitemo yokubvisa zvinhu) zvinopfuurira kuumba nharaunda dzakaparadzana. Chinangwa cheFair Howation Act che “kuwedzerazve dzimba dzakanaka” chakakanganiswa zvikuru nedzimwe hurumende. Kurwira mukana wakaenzana wemari, uko Dr. Mambo akatsigira muProrimes Populaintion’s Cault, chinoramba chiri chekurumidziro senguva dzose.

Kuenzana Kwebumbiro Romutemo Nedzidziso Dzenhaka Yesangano Racho

Chivil Rights Movement yakanga isati ichingovawo zvayo nhimbe yezvamatongerwe enyika; yakanga iri gadziriro huru yebumbiro remitemo pamusoro perevo yorusununguko nokuenzana. Sangano racho rakadudzirazve Reconstruments (whechipiri, wechi14, uye 15 (kuisa misengwa yakananga pahurumende kubvisa rusaruro, kwete kungorudzivisa. Uku kududzirazve inheyo yomutemo wekodzero dzavanhu wazvino uno.

Kuchinja Kuchibva Pakuva Kwomuitiro Kukuva Kunorema

Pamberi peCivil Rights Movement, matare ainzwisisa kuenzana nenzira yakananga: hurumende haigoni kuisa pachena vanhu mumapoka. Asi sangano racho rakaratidzira kuti mitemo inoratidzika kuva isina kwayakarerekera ingagona kusimudzira dzinza. Murangariro we wakaenzana nokuregwa kwe [ wakabuda: rusununguko rwechokwadi rwevagari vemo harusati ruchingoda bedzi kusavapo kwemitemo yetsika, asi kubviswa kwemhingani dzinoshingaira dzemhinganidzo idzo dzakabvisa mutsika. Iyi nheyo inopesvedzera chiito chokuvarambwa, kuchengetwa kwamaruramiro okuvhotera, uye kubvisa utsotsi nhasi.

Zvinoitwa Nokusateerera Kwehurumende

Martin Luther King Jr. “Treater yokuBirmingham Jail” inoramba iri dziviriro inopa ngwariro hurusa yokusateerera kwavagari vemo senzira yokuchengeta nayo rusununguko rwavagari vemo. Iye akarangarira kuti vanhu vane basa retsika rokusateerera mitemo isina kururama, uye kuti chiito chisina masimba masimba chakananga chinoparira dzvinyiriro yokusika iyo inomanikidzira nzanga kutarisana nepokanidzano dzayo. Uhu uzivi hwakagamuchirwa namasangano anobva muNhimberi yeNyuclear Dismardament kutsigirist. Chiremera chetsika chokusarwisana nemasimba masimba chinoramba chiri chishandiso chine simba nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka kukudza miganhuro yokutaura nokuungana.

Dzidzo Sechinodzivirira Rusununguko Rwakaoma

Pasina chiverengero chavagari vemo chinonzwisisa kuti zvizvarwa zvakapfuura zvakarwisa sei maruramiro, dziviriro dzinogona kuderera kupfurikidza nokusakendenga kana kuti denho yakananga yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kudzidzisa Kunyatsowedzera

Zvikoro zvakawanda zvichiri kudzidzisa shanduro yakasarudzirwa yeChipole cheRegionism Movement iyo inonangidzira ngwariro pavatungamiriri vakuru nerukundo rwemitemo apo vaideredza masimba masimba, mhatsa yepfungwa, uye kurwisana kunopfuurira. Kudzidza kwamaruramiro akasimba avagari vemo kunofanira kubatanidza nhau yokuchinja, kudzvinyirirwa kwamasangano eBlack zvamatongerwe enyika, uye basa ramasangano akadai seBlack Panther Party mumabasa enzanga okuzvitonga uye enzanga. Vadzidzi vanofanira kuziva kuti sangano racho rakanga risati riri chinoitika chaicho asi kurwisana kunopfuurira kunobatanidza Montgomey Bus Boy Cottman, Missippish, Freedom, uye kurwa kwazvinovapo panguva ino nokuda kwezvirongwa zvehurumende nemapurisa.

Kutanga Kufunga Kwokutsoropodza Kururamisira Munzanga

Dzidzo inofanira kushongedzera vadzidzi kunzvera zvinoitika zvinoburikidza neFooct yerusununguko rwevagari vemo. Somuenzaniso, chidzidzo pamusoro peChiteshi cheVoting Rights chingagona kutungamirira kukunzverwa kwemitemo yazvino uno inodzorwa nemitemo yevhoti. Kukurukurwa kweChibvumirano cheCivil Rights Act kungabatanidza nharo dzazvino pamusoro pedziviriro dzebasa dzeLGBTQ+ vashandi. Vadzidzi vanokurudzira kubvunza kuti ndiani anobetserwa nomutemo wakati kana kuti mutemo unovagadzirira kuva vagari vemo vanoshingaira vanogona kuziva apo rusununguko runenge ruchityisidzirwa.

Kubatanidzwa Kwenzanga Nedzidzo Inokosha

Zvikoro namayunivhesiti zvinogona kusonganirana namasangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo omunzvimbomo kupa mikana yokudzidza basa: kutora rutivi mukunyoresa kwevondi, kunzvera kusarura dzimba kwomunzvimbomo, kana kuti kubetsera zvinyorwa zvenhau dzinotaurwa.

Kupa Simba Chizvarwa Chinotevera Chavatsigiri

Pakupedzisira, mupiro mukurusa wedzidzo kurusununguko rwevagari vemo kusimba. Apo vanhu vaduku vanonzwisisa kuti Bumbiro remitemo igwaro benyu uye kuti vane simba rokuraira kuitwa kwaro kwakazara, vanova chizvarwa chinotevera chamagweta, vashinga, uye vatongi. The Civil Rights Movement yakabvumikisa kuti vanhuwo zvavo, vakashongedzerwa nezivo noushingi, vanogona kuvandudza mutemo norudzi. Dzidzo inzira iyo chidzidzo ichocho chinopfuudzwa nayo kupfurikidza nezvizvarwa.

Kupandukira Kwenyika Yose Kweboka reAmerica

Pesvedzero yeChivil Rights Movement yeU.S. inotambanukira zvikuru kupfuura miganhu yeAmerica. Mashoko okuti “Isu Tichakunda” akaimbwa navapandukiri muNorthern Ireland, vatsigiri vekodzero muSouth Africa, uye vamiririri vezvemadhimoni muUniversity Africa. Chibvumirano cheAmerica chekuramba kodzero dzavanhu noutsinye, kupesvedzera kwekodzero dzehurumende zvakagadziriswa namasangano ekodzero dzevoruzhinji muLatin America, maDalit mauto ekodzero muIndia, uye Roma anorwira kodzero dzavanhu muEurope. Chibvumirano cheNyika yose chekodzero dzavanhu nekodzero dzavanhu chinokweretesa zvikuru mumutauro nemitemo yeAmerica. [[FLT:] maruramiro ehurumende ekodzero dzehurumende Watch Watch Watch Watch . maruramiro ekodzero dzavanhu vane nzira yakarongwa mupasi pose dzinoziviswa namaruramiro avanhu.[F.F.]

Mugumisiro: Musi waMay

Chivil Rights Movement yakaita izvo vazhinji vaifunga kuti hazvibviri: yakaputsa kuvaka kwapamutemo kwemarongerwo etsika kwaJim Crow, kwakapinzwa pasi pamamiriyoni evagari vemo veBlack, uye yakaisa hurumende yehurumende kudziviriro yerusununguko rwevagari vemo. Bva mukaha pakati pechipikirwa chomutemo uye kurarama chaizvoizvo unoramba uripo. Pfuma yedzinza rinopesana, upfumi hwedzinza hunoparadzana, utano hwezvibvumirano zvedzidzo, uye simba retsika dzetsika dzemitemo yedare retsotsi, uye kurwisana nerongedzero yetsika dzemitemo yedare yedare yedare rinotonga utsotsi ufakazi hwose hwebasa racho husati huri hukakwana. Chidzidzo chetsika yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yehurumende yazvino uno uno unovandika chinofanira kudzidza nhau yacho, kusununguka mumasimba masimba emapurisa, kuti chisashatirwe, chipfuurire nokupindira mukurwisana nemitemo yedare rose. Chidzidzo chemitemo yemitemo yeAmerica chinobvumira kuti chivene chaita kuti chiteve chipfuviti chitsva. Chipfuukirei chitsva. Chidzidzo chinenge chizvarwa chenyika chitsva chibvumiro