Yamuro dzokunze dzakaita basa guru mukuumba kukura kwenzanga yavagari vemo namasangano ezvisaririra munyika yose. Nepo vavariro yadzo huru iri kukura kwezvemari kana kuti njodzi, pesvedzero yayo pakuvimbisana kwevagari vomunzvimbomo yakakura uye yakajeka. Mumakumi amakore apfuura, vapi vemarudzi ose vakapinza mabhiriyoni emadolara e Zhinji mupurogiramu dzakagadzirirwa kusimbisa masangano asiri ehurumende (MSOUS), mapoka enzanga, uye masangano ezvokubetsera kuvaka. Iyi tsigiro yakabatsira vagari vemo kuti varonge varongedze, kukumbira, uye kupinza chinjo munzanga umo simba rehurumende kana kuti zvematongerwe enyika zvakaganhurirwa. Zvisinei, ukama pakati peyamuro yeyamuro yedzimwe nyika nenzanga hahusi pasina kupesana. Vatsoropo kuti kuyamura kuti kusha kukwanisa kuisa zvinhu zvapamhindwa kwadzo dzomunzvimbomo zvomunzvimbomo zvogaro. Nyango dzinoedza kunzvera mufambiro wenzanga nokusimudzira nzanga dzenyika dzenyika dzenyika dzenyika yose, kunyange zvikamu zvinotongedze kuti dzisi. Vatsinhidzo dzinofanira ku

Kurondedzera Nzanga Yavagari Vemo Nemagudzanzwi

Chaunga chavagari vemo chinobatanidza nzvimbo youpenyu hwakarongwa hwenzanga hunozvidira, kuzvitonga, uye kuzvitonga muhurumende nomusika. Inobatanidza zvikamu zvakapararira zvavatambi: vakanyoresa NGO, masangano enzanga, masangano ezvokutengeserana, masangano anotsigirwa nokutenda, masangano ezvokushandira pamwe, uye masangano akarongwa. Vanhu vomunyika imwe chete vanobatira somumiririri anotsoropodza pakati pavagari vemo nehurumende, vachigovera mikoto yokutora rutivi, kuva mubatanidzwa, uye kupiwa basa. Runako rwevagari vemo runowanzorangarirwa kuva chiratidzo chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji ine utano, sezvo ichigovera nzvimbo dzehurumende dzehurumende, uye kusimudzira kufambidzana.

Masangano echikwata chehurumende, zvirongwa zvenzanga, zvinenge zvakatangwa nenzanga zvinobuda pasi. Zvinowanzotaura zvichemo zvomunzvimbomo zvakadai sekodzero dzenyika, kuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo, kusaenzana kwevatano, kana kuti utsinye hwemapurisa (uye zvinotsamira pamabasa eboka panzvimbo pemiitiro yesangano. Masangano anowanzova mvura yakawanda uye mahotera mashoma kupfuura akagadzwa neNGO, kutora simba rawo kubva kuvazvipiri, vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo, uye kuzivikanwa nevamwe. Vanogona kuwedzera kuva masangano enzanga anokwanisa kukunda hurumende kana kuti kudzoserazve tsika dzenyika, sezvinoonekwa murapidhibhu kana kuti mamiriro okunze enyika. Kunzwisisa uku kutsauranisa zvinhu kuri madikanwa nokuda kwokunzvera kuyamuranisa kuyamura vanhu vokumwe noupenyu: Kushandisa mari yezvirongwa zvehurumende, apo vanowana simba ramakwapapo.

Basa Renhau Rokuyamura Vokumwe Mukukura Kwenzanga Yavagari Vemo

Ukama hweyamuro yokumwe nenzanga yevagari vemo hwakavandudzika zvikuru chifo chapakati pezana ramakore rechi20. Mukati meHondo yeRuzha, vapi veMadokero vaiwanzoshandisa yamuro kusimudzira masangano edemokrati ndokudzivisa Soviet, kuendesa mari kumasangano ebasa, mabudiro enhau, uye mapoka ekodzero dzavanhu muEastern Europe neLatin America. Masangano akafanana ne National Endment for Democracy ne United States Agency for International Development (USAD)[FLD]] akanangidzira nzanga yevagari vemo sechidziro.

Muma1990 na 2000, kukura kwemienzaniso yehurumende yeSangano reSangano reManyika ose kwakasimbisa basa renzanga mukufambiswa kwebasa(kutungamirira utano, dzidzo, uye garikano kuNGO. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kukwidziridza kworusando rwedemo yedemondi muAfrica, Asia, uye yaichimbova Soviet Union yakawana yamuro yokumwe yakarongwa pakuronga, rwisano dzezvokutengeserana, uye yamuro yapamutemo. United Nations neWorld Bank [[FL:0] zvinosimudzira nokubudirira kwokuzvirongwa kwehurumende muAfrica, kuchida kukurukurirana kwenzanga nokuda kwezvirongwa zvikuru. Nguva inowo yakaona kuwanda kweNGO (GO) yamarudzi ose.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanhu vava kutsigira kugadziridza zvinhu, kururamisira mamiriro okunze, uye magirabhu ezvirongwa zvemakombiyuta zvinotsigira mabudire epaIndaneti kuti pave nemabhuku ezvirongwa zvevagari vemo, maodhaton nokuda kwemichina yehurumende, uye masangano ezvouswa anoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu okurwara akadai seEbola kana kuti Chovid-19. Chikamu chenhau chinoratidza kuti rubatsiro rwedzimwe nyika harungotsigiri vanhu chete kuumba mavakirwo arwo, zvinhu zvinokosha, uye kunyange pfungwa dzarwo. Kunzwisisa mashoko aya kunobatsira kutsanangura zvose zviri zviviri kubudirira uye migumisiro inoramba ichiita kuti vanhu varambe vachinetsa kukurukurirana.

Michina Yokutsigira: Kusimbisa Kunoita Ruyamuro Rwokumwe Vanhu Vanogara Munyika Imwe

Kubatsira kunoita dzimwe nyika kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vagari vomunyika imwe chete vakwanise kufamba - famba uye kunobatsira.

Kushandisa Mari uye Kuchengetedza Mari

Zvipo chaizvo, purogiramu yokushandisa mari, uye matunhu maduku zvinopa mavambo emari kumasangano akawanda enzanga. Munyika dzinowana mari shoma umo kubatsira kwomusha kwakaganhurirwa, kuyamura kwokunze kunogona kufukidza ndyiko dzebasa, mibhadharo yavashandi, uye ndyiko dzebasa. Somuenzaniso, Global Fund to Dest Frigne AIDS, TB neMalaria zvakaendesa mabhiriyoni kumapoka outano akavakirwa panzanga, zvichiagonesa kupa mabasa uye kuvatsigiri vevarwere. Zvisinei, kutsamira pamatandiro mapfupi mapfupi ebasa kunogona kukanganisa kuchengetwa; masangano angatamburira kuchengeta tare kana kuti kuronga zvirongwa zvenguva refu apo kurapwa hakujekerwi.

Kuvaka Nokurovedza Vavaki Vakanaka

Gadziriro dzakawanda dzeyamuro dzinosanganisira betsero dzemichina, kufambira mberi kwekutungamirira sangano. Vashingairi vomunzvimbomo vanodzidza nzira yokunyora nayo kubvumira zvikarakadzo, kutarisira mari, kuongorora nokuyera mabasa, uye kushandisa zvishandiso zvemichina nokuda kwokuva nyanzvi. Vapi vemarudzi ose kazhinji kazhinji vanoshanda pamwe chete namasangano okurovedza mativi enzvimbo kuti vashande pamusoro pomutemo wekodzero dzevanhu, unyanzvi hwekurukurirano, uye kurukurirano. Kuvakwa kwakadaro kunogona kuchinja mapoka enzanga ane unyanzvi anokwanisa kudzora mutemo pamwero mukuru.

Kuvaka Nemavhaisi uye Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvinovaka

yamuro yokunze inogona kupfavisa batano pakati pamapoka omunzvimbomo nemibatanidzwa yamarudzi ose. Misangano, mapurogiramu okuchinjana, uye nzvimbo dzepaIndaneti dzinobvumira vatsigiri vemichero kuti vagoverane magadzirirwe, kuvaka kubatana, uye kuti vawedzere manzwi avo. Somuenzaniso, KIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Progation inobatanidza masangano enzanga evagari vemo munyika yose, achitsigirwa nemari inotsigirwa nemari inotsigirwa. Masangano aya anobatsira kuti masangano omunzvimbomo awande kujekerwa nokuwana chisarudzo, zvakadai sekurukurirano dzemamiriro okunze epasi pevhu kana kuti nyika yose yenzanga yeSangano reSangano reSangano reNyika Dzapasi.

Kutendeseka uye Tsigiro Yepamutemo

Vapinyi vanowanzotsigira kurongeka, kurovedzwa, uye nzvimbo dzefariro yavose izvo zvinogonesa nzanga dzakaderedzwa kusimbisa maruramiro adzo. Munyika dzine utongi husina kusimba hwomutemo, yamuro yokumwe inogona kutsigira nyika inodzorwa, mirangariro yemhoteredzo, uye kupesana kwetsvina. Simba repamutemo rinopa mibato yezvombo zvokudenha kudzingwa kusiri kwapamutemo, utsinye hwamapurisa, kana kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwesangano. Iri basa rine simba zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti rinoumba inzwi renzanga uye rinoparira miganhuro yechiito chomunguva yemberi.

Zvishandiso Zvekugadzira Zvinhu Nezvemagetsi

Pazera remichina, yamuro dzokunze dzinowedzera kuisa mari muruzivo rwezvirongwa zvehurumende. Vanachiremba vanobhadharira mapurogiramu anovhura mashoko, maapps okunyoresa muvhoti, uye masangano enzanga ezvokushandira masangano anobatsira vanorwira kuongorora kuoneka kwehurumende. Open Society Foundations, somuenzaniso, vakatsigira mapoka ekodzero dzemakombiyuta anodzivirira rusununguko rweInternet uye anodzivirira vanorwira rusununguko rwokuongorora. Ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa nekombiyuta runogona kuderedza kusvika kumashoko, asi runowedzerawo kunetseka pamusoro pezvakavanzika hwemakombiyuta nekudhironic realtic syndrossesssss anofanira kusanofamba.

Fundo Dzenhau: Yamuro Yokumwe Iri Kushanda

Mienzaniso inotevera inoratidza kuti kuyamura kwokumwe kwakatapura sei nzanga yavagari vemo netsinga dzouswa mumakondinendi akasiyana - siyana nenhau.

Boka Rekodzero Dzenyika yeKenya

Kodzero dzenyika muKenya dzakave dziri nguva refu rwisano, nekusaruramisira kwehurumende inodzorwa nehurumende yakawedzerwa nouori hwapashure pekushanda uye nyika isiri yapamutemo zvinobatwa. Masangano akapindwa kunze kwenyika, kubatanidza ayo anotsigirwa neWorld Bank’s Land Geverliance Program neFoundation yeFord, akagovera yamuro yapamutemo, unyanzvi hwemapurani, uye nzanga yakaronga kurovedzwa kumapoka ehurumende. Muuyo wakanga uri nhevedzano yokuramba kubudirira nemhosva izvo zvakadzivirira nzanga dzemomo dzinodzivirira nzanga panzvimbo dzakamanikidzirwa dzakadai seMau Forest neTana River Deltal. Sezvacherechedzwa munyaya yokutanga, idzi nhamburiko dzakasimbisa vagari vemo vazvizvarwa kuti vade kuzvidavirira vose vari vaviri vafambisi vehurumende.

Kushanda Kwemamiriro Okunze eBangladesh

Bangladesh ndiimwe yenyika dzinodzorwa zvikurusa nemamiriro okunze munyika, namamirioni anogara munzvimbo dzakaderera dzemhenderekedzo dzegungwa. Yamuro yamarudzi ose inobva kumasangano akafanana ne Greentical Demate Fund [ uye vapi vemipiro yemabhapati vakatsigira mari yemibato yepwere inofambiswa negadziriro dzokuvandudza. Mapoka aya anoronga migwagwa yemiti inoshanda zvakanaka, anovaka dzimba, uye anoita migove yokuziva pamusoro pedutu rakagadzirira. Nhando dzechimbiru, ivo vakabatanidza hurumende kubatanidza ruramisiro yemamiriro okunze munyika uye kugovera mari nokuda kwokugadziridza nzanga. Kubatanidzwa kwavanhu vaduku kwakapfumisa kufamba, kunoratidza kuti kubetsera, kubetsera kuvaka kuyamura kumukana.

Kurwisa Kodzero Dzavanhu kweLatin America

Munyika dzakadai seColombia, Guatemala, uye Mexico, yamuro dzokumwe dzakatsigira masangano ekodzero dzavanhu anonyora kunyangarika, kuuraya kwomuraudzo, uye ushati. European Union neHofisi Yekodzero Dzevanhu zvakawanira mari masangano echokwadi, zvikwata zvenhetembo dzevanyajambwa, uye zvinotsigira masangano evana vanyajambwa. Idzi nhamburiko dzakabetsera mhuri dzezvinodikanwa zvakanyangarika zvokuzvidavirira, dzakagovera ufakazi hwekupomerwa mhaka, uye dzakaita zvirongwa zvokuranga zvisaitika izvo zvinodzivisa arnesia. Muchinoitika chimwe nechimwe, yamuro yakanga isiri bedzi pamutemo yemari uye dziviriro yavanhu vemarudzi ose vanoshanda munzvimbo dzine ngozi.

Michina Inodzivisa Kushanda kweProtom Europe yokuMabvazuva

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union, yamuro dzokumwe dzakaiswa munzanga yavagari vemo muCentral neEastern Europe kuti dzitsigire kuchinja kwehurumende. MuRomania neSlovakia, USAID neOpen Society Foundations zvakatsigira nzvimbo dzemapepanhau dzekufeyafeyafeya, zvinorwisana neorexil NGO, uye zvikuvadziko dzakabatanidzwa. Mipiro yavo yapakuvamba inoratidzira kuti nzanga yevagari vemo yakakwirira yakaiswa mubato uye yakasundwa nokuda kwechinjo dzedare, ichiita basa guru mumiganhuro yeEuropean Union. Nepo mamwe amapoka aya akatarisana nokudzorwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuderera kwenzvimbo yokumwe nyika, mipiro yawo yapakuvamba inoratidzira kuti nzanga yevagari vemo inodzorwa ishande muzvivako dzokutonga.

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza Kubatsira Kune Imwe Nyika Kunzanga Yevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Pasinei nokubudirira uku, kushandisa rubatsiro rwokumwe kuti utsigire nzanga dzevanhu uye makambani anokonzera uswa kwakazara nematambudziko.

Kuvimba Nevamwe uye Kusavimbika

Apo masangano omunzvimbomo anova anotsamira zvikuru pakutsigira mari yokunze, angaparapatika kuti apukunyuke apo mari inopirwa. Ikoku kunoparira mhesano: yamuro inopa simba pakuvamba mapoka, asi inogona kuasiya ari mungozi kuzvinhu zvokutanga zvinochinja. Muzvimwe zvinoitika, NGOs dzinokundikana kuisa mutsinhano dzawo dzemari dzinowa, dzichisiya nzanga dzisina tsigiro. Uyezve, kurondwa kwenguva dzose nokuda kwezvipo kunogona kutsausa pamidziro youswa, sezvo mapoka anopedza zvikarakadzo zvenguva yakawanda zvokunyora kupfuura kukurira mitezo yomunzvimbomo.

MaAgenariji Ane Mutengo Wakawanda

Yamuro dzokunze dzinowanzoratidza fariro dzemagariro enyika uye zvido zvepfungwa zvenyika dzinopa. Chirongwa chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakaitwa neUnited States ingaisa pakutanga kurwisana nekomugarikano yemomumoka kana kuti bhizimisi, nepo mupi weEurope angasimbisa kodzero dzevanhu kana kuti kuenzana kwevarume. Kana zvirongwa izvi zvisingawirirani nezvinodiwa zvomunzvimbomo, yamuro inogona kukanganisa nzira yenzanga. Somuenzaniso, mari ingatsigira nyanzvi yemataundi NGO mumaruwa, masangano asina kurongwa, kusimbisa kusaenzana kuripo. Masangano eGrasroot asingakodzeri misoro yemisoro inowirirana nenyaya inopa.

Kuzvidavirira Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Ruyamuro rwokumwe kunzanga yavagari vemo harusati ruchidzivirirwa kuuori kana kuti kusashandiswa zvakanaka. Mune dzimwe nyika, vakakwirira vomunzvimbomo vanotora mari yeNGO, vachiishandisa nokuda kwemhindu yavo vamene kana kuti kuchengeta mibatanidzwa yemitengo. Aid inogonawo kutanga zvikarakadzo zvakashata: mapoka angakudziridza zviitwa zvavo kana kuti kuparira njodzi kukwezva mari. Kuongorora nokuyera zvisaririra izvo zvinobatanidza miuyo inodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinokundikana kubata tsvina, rudzi rwakareba rwechinjo yenzanga, kupfupikisa zvirongwa zvenguva pfupi pamusoro pokuronga kukuru.

Kuchinja Kwematongerwe Enyika uye Nzvimbo Inopera

Munyika dzakawanda, hurumende dzinoona vanhu vokune dzimwe nyika sechisodzo kuchiremera chavo. Mitemo inorambidza NGO kupiwa mari kubva kune dzimwe nyika (mh., “mumiririri” weRussia, mutemo we“Stoo Soros”) wakawedzera kubvira muna 2010, ichimanikidza mapoka akawanda kuti adzore kana kuti avande. Kunyange apo mitemo isinganyatsojekeri, vanotsigira vokune dzimwe nyika vangatarisana nokunetswa, kuongororwa, kana kuti chisimba. Kudzongonyedzwa uku kunoratidza kuti kuyamura kunogona kuisa pangozi njodzi huru, zvikurukuru kana vapi veyapa vasina kungwarira zvakakwana.

Kubatana Kwetsika Nemagwaro

Miitiro yakanakisisa inobva kune imwe nharaunda haisati ichiwanzochinjirwa kune imwe. Vagadziri vangaisa mienzaniso yokuMadokero yokugamuchira kana kuti kudzorwa kwemadandemuchi ne(papo) nzanga umo kuvaka kwamasanga kana kuti utungamiriri hwegamuchidzanwa zvinova zvinopesvedzera zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, mapurogiramu okuyamura anoda kushuma muchiNgezi kana kuti kuomerera kumitemo yakaoma kugona kubvisa mapoka maduku etsangadzisiro asina nyanzvi. Kunzwisisa tsika nekwakapoteredza kunokosha asi kazhinji kazhinji kunova anoregeredzwa mumarorumudzano akaregeredzwa.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokuyamura Neyamuro Inobudirira

Kuti vapi nevarapi vawedzere simba rakanaka reyamuro yokumwe panzanga yevagari vemo uye pakufamba kweuswa, vanofanira kushandisa nheyo dzinokosha dzinoverengeka.

Isa Kuva Muzvinangwa Kwomunzvimbomo Pamberi

Purogiramu dzinofanira kurongwa pamwe chete navakwanyina vomunzvimbomo, kuva nechokwadi chevavariro idzodzo, zvirongwa, uye nguva zvinoratidzira zvinhu zvenzanga zvinokosha panzvimbo pezvipikirwa. Kugoverana kuita mvumo, uko vamiriri venzanga vanogara pamasangano anochengetera mari, inzira imwe inovimbisa. Komeri yomunzvimbomo inovaka chivimbo uye inovimbisa kuti yamuro inosimbisa kufamba kuripo panzvimbo pokuisa dziri kunze.

Vakwanyina Venguva Refu

Zvikamu zvebasa zvipfupi (makore matatu) zvakarukwa kusakwanisa kuchinja. Vashandi vanofanira kuisa mari yemakore akawanda negadziriro dzinochinja - chinja dzinobvumira masangano kuchinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika. Mari inotambirwa((mari isingadzoreki nokuda kwemusoro nemiripo) inokosha zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti inobvumira mapoka kuisa mari mukubudirira kwavashandi uye muyeuko dzesangano.

Simbisa Kuvaka Kusingatamisi Mari

Kunyange zvazvo pfuma ichikosha, kuvakwa kwemano munzvimbo dzakadai seutungamiriri, kutarisirwa kwemari, uye nzira dzokushandisa zvirongwa zvokushandisa zvirongwa zvemari kungava netapuro isingaperi.Vashandisi vanofanira kutsigira mari yokudzidzisa, kutsinhana kudzidza kwevezera ravo, uye kurovedza, kwete mari. Kurovedza kunofanira kuva kwakakodzera mutsika uye kunopiwa mumitauro yomunzvimbomo.

Dziviridza Vanoita Zvinhu uye Kusimudzira Kuchengeteka

Yamuro dzokunze kunzanga yevagari vemo dzine ngozi. Vashandisi vanofanira kubatanidza rovedzo yemichina yokudzivirira, tsigiro yapamutemo, uye mari yekurumidziro mumapurogiramu avo. Vanofanirawo kutsigira pachena nokuda kwedziviriro yenzanga yavagari vemo, vachishandisa mikoto yemibatanidzwa kudzosa kupesana nemitemo inodzvinyirira. Mumashoko akapoteredza akakwirira, mari isingazivikanwi uye kurukurirano dzapanze penyika zvingava zviri madikanwa.

Kudzidza Munzira Dzokuzvidzora

Mitengo yebudiriro inofanira kubata zvose zviri zviviri chinjo dzemaoresa nedzechinoyera: kutora rutivi kwenzanga kwakawedzerwa, kuchinjana muhurukuro yavose, chinjo dzemiitiro, uye mibatanidzwa yasimbiswa. Vapinyi vanofanira kutsigira nzvero dzamagariro ndokuita zvitsama zvinobvumira zvidzidzo kuzivisa gadziriro dzenguva yemberi. Kudzidza kubva mukundikano kunokosha sekuchengeta budiriro.

mhedziso

yamuro yokunze ine bviro yokusimudzira zvikuru nzanga yavagari vemo nenzendo dzamakwenzi, kusimudzira kushingaira kukuru nokuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Painoshandiswa nokufunga kuti ndeyevo vomunzvimbomo, kuzvipira kwenguva refu, uye ushamwari hwechokwadi (inogona kupa nzanga simba rokutsigira kuchinja, kusimbisa magariro ehurumende, uye kuvaka nzanga dzinosimba. Kunyange zvakadaro chinyorwa chenzira chakavhengana: kutsamira, zvinangwa zvevapi, uye kudzo yezvamatongerwe enyika zvinoramba zviri mhinganidzo yakakomba. Rubatsiro runoshanda zvikurusa harubati nzanga rwevagari vemo vemone munzanga sechishandiso chokunze asi sechinhu chipenyu chinofanira kuchengetwa pamashoko acho. Sezvinjo yenyika inochinja mamiriro okunze, kusaenzana kukura, basa reyamuro yeyamuro yezvokumwe nyika dzinotsigira uswa kuchakura bedzi. Kuedza kukuru kugona kubviswa kubviswa kuendesa kumusoro kweyamuro, kumativi omunzvimbomo.