Kuzvidavirira kwavanhu kunoumba mavambo okutonga kwehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende inosarudzwa, kuvimbisa kuti kuzvidavirira kwevakuru vakuru navashandi vehurumende kunozvidavirira nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvavo, zviito zvokushandisa. Chaizvoizvo, inzira iyo vagari vemo vanoisa hurumende vane mutoro, kuumba nzira yokupindura inoparira murairo uri nani, inoderedza tsvina, uye inosimbisa chivimbo mumasangano ehurumende. Kana kuzvidavirira kuine uori kusingakwaniswi, uori hunova, mabasa anoderera, uye kusarongeka kwezvibvumirano zvenzanga. Zviidzo zvinobatanidza zvirongwa zvekuzvidavirira zvakasimba zvine chokuita nokubudirira kukuru kwehurumende, zvinoyerwa nezviratiso zvinodzorwa sechinhu chinodzorwa, kudzorwa kwomutemo, kupfuudzira basa. Uku kufutunurwa kunokwira zvikuru mumurangariro, kunzvera ufakazi hwakawanda hwokuzvidavirira, kunzvera kuzvidavirira kwokubatanidza, kuzivisa zvinetso zvinopfuurira, uye kutungamirira nokuda kwegadziriro kwokudzora kwegadziriro zvazvinodzorwa.

Kunzwisisa Kuzvidavirira Kwavanhu Vose

Kuzvidavirira kwavanhu hakusati kuri pfungwa inopesana; kunobatanidza musengwa wavane simba kutsanangura nokururamisa zvisarudzo zvavo, kuzviisa pasi penzvero, uye kutarisana nemigumisiro , kana kuti yakashata. Mumashoko akapoteredza ehurumende, kuzvidavirira kunoshanda mumipimo mizhinji: [ kumira pa (vabati vavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanozvidavirira kupfurikidza nebvumirano yakananga), vanoramba vakabatana namatunhu akajeka, ( (anoita kuti mamwe mativi anozvidavirira kupfurikidza nemimwe nemimwe mitongo, samatare, mavhomoni, uye maambubhii ehurumende, uye [FLT] [FF] [FF]

Nheyo Dzemitemo: Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka, Kupindurwa, uye Kumanikidzwa

Nyanzvi dzinowanzogumisa kuzvidavirira mumativi matatu makuru. shanje dzinovimbisa kuti mashoko pamusoro pezviito zvehurumende akazaruka uye anosvikika, achigonesa vagari vemo kuongorora basa ravo. Pasina kujeka, kuzvidavirira kunova kusingabviri nemhaka yokuti vanhu havagoni kunzvera izvo vakuru vakuru vakuru vakaita. kupindura miuyo [[[FLT:]] inonongedzera kumukurumbira kuchirangoriso womutemo kana kuti kubviswa kuhofisi inotarisana nemimwe mitoro yavo. Zviitiko zvitatu izvi zvinosimbisa kupindura kuoneka. [[FLT: 4,]

Nei Kuzvidavirira Kuchikosha Nokuda Kwokubudirira Kwehurumende

Kubudirira kwehurumende ($(kushanda kwebasa ravose), kukwanisa kwebasa rehurumende, uye kuvimbika kwezvibvumirano zvehurumende zvinotsamira nokusangwarira pakuzvidavirira. Vakuru vakuru pavanoziva kuti vachapiwa mutoro nokuda kwemigumisiro, vane bviro huru yokugovera mitengo nenzira inobudirira, vanoisa mipimo yakavakirwa paufakazi, uye vanobvisa ushati. Kunzvera kwemitengo yamarudzi se World Bank [[FLL: 1] [I] World Bank [[FLT]] ] inoratidzira kuti nyika dzine miitiro yokuzvidavirira yakasimba zvikuru dzinokombamira kukwira pamusoro pezviratidziro zvehurumende, kubatanidza mutemo nokudzora ushati. Somuenzaniso, Programmetices (WGI) nguva dzose dzinoratidza kuva neyatiko yechapupuriro pakati perevokubudirira pakati pe "manyuko yemite yeyati" na" munyika iri kubudirira kumativi ose ari maviri.

Kushandiswa Kwokuzvidavirira Kwavanhu

Hurumende dzazvino uno dzinoshandisa gadziriro yakaoma yemiitiro yakarongwa neyakasarongwa kuti imanikidze kuzvidavirira. Iyi miitiro inovambira pakunzvera kwebumbiro remitemo nedzinodzikamisa kusvikira kumasangano ehurumende. Kunzwisisa kuti mutoo mumwe nomumwe unoshanda sei — uye uko unowanzokundikana (inokosha) mukugadzira gadziriro dzinobudirira dzokutarisira.

Michina Yakajairika

Mitemo yakarongwa inoumbwa nemitemo, bumbiro remitemo, uye mitemo yesangano, uye inoita kuti pave nemasangano anotarisira uye anochengetedza, anowanzotsigirwa nezviremera zvepamutemo.

  • Utarisiro hunodzorwa: Masangano anoshandisa matare, kunzwa, uye nhambo dzemibvunzo kunzvera zviito zvavakuru vakuru. Muparamende, vashumiri vanopiwa mhinduro yakananga kudare rehurumende. Mumiitiro yapurezidhendi, utariri kazhinji kazhinji hunoramba huri nzvero huru. Kutenderwa nokusimbiswa kwavakuru vakuru mubhajeti zvishandiso zvine simba.
  • [[FLT: 0] Institutions: Masangano makurusa okunzvera (mutoo, Office yeMasainwa yeHurumende yeU.S., Compotroller nePunior General yeIndia) anoitisa bvunzurudzo dzemari nedzemari dzemasangano ehurumende. Mishumo yavo inoparira dzvinyiriro yavose nokuda kwechiito chokururamisa. Kunzvera kunoshanda kunoda kuzvimirira kubva kumukuru wehurumende nezviwanikwa zvakakwana.
  • judicial Review: Matare anovimbisa kuti zviito zvehurumende zvinowirirana nebumbiro remitemo nemitemo. Kuzvimirira kwoMutongi kunotsoropodza; pasina iko, kuzvidavirira hakuna maturo. Kuhwirudzura kwemitemo kunogona kurovanya mirau isiri yapamutemo kana kuti kumanikidza masangano kuita mabasa emitemo.
  • Officesmm: Munzveri anonzvera nhevedzo dzinobva kuvagari vemo pamusoro poutariri husina kururama. Nepo kazhinji kazhinji vachishaiwa masimba okuchengeta, vanogona kubudisa rumbidzo dzinobatanidza kana kuti kunyandura chiito cheparamende. Mutezo wapakuvamba weSweden weambudsman wakagamuchirwa munyika yose.
  • Commissions shoution: SSFON] shoo dzinovhota pasina maruramiro, dzichisimbisa mitemo yemari yenhimbe uye dzinoita kuti vadaviri vashatiswe. Idzo idziviriro inotangira pakudzora.

Michina Yamasanga

Kushandisa zvinhu zvisina kurongwa kunobva patsika dzevanhu, zvinobudisa nhau, uye munzanga yevanhu kuti hurumende dzizozvidavirira, kazhinji kacho dzinoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kumira zvakanaka, kunyanya apo masangano anenge asina kusimba kana kuti abatwa.

  • Investigative Journalism: A muchina wapachena unofumura zvisakarurama, kukundikana kwemiitiro, uye ushati. Kunzvera kweWatergate muenzaniso wakatanhamara. Maturusi azvino uno anowedzera kusvika kwemapepanhau ewashi, kunyange zvazvo rusununguko rwezvinobudisa nhau rwuri mutyisidziro munyika dzakawanda.
  • COILIS Society Organizations (CSOS):[[FLT] NGOS, mapoka ezvinatso, uye masangano enzanga anotarisira kushanda kwehurumende, nyora maruramiro kumikumbiro yeMashoko, uye kukumbira chinjo. Somuenzaniso, Transparency’s Uority Perceptions Index inoshandisa nzvero dzavagari vemo kuti vape mhaka kuzvidavirira hurumende.
  • Prosets neNhamba dzeMagariro: Misa inounganidzwa (kuvambira paArabic Spring kusvikira kusangano reIndia rokudzivisa uori) kumanikidza hurumende kuti dzipedze zvichemo. Zvirango kazhinji kazhinji zvinowanzova chisarudzo chokupedzisira apo mikoto yetsika inokundikana, asi zvinogona kunyandura chinjo yokuronga nokukurumidza.
  • Sacial Media ne Digital Watchdogs: Platforms dzakadai se Twitter na Facebook dzinogonesa kunzvera kwenguva chaiyo netapuro yemavhairasi dzekusazvibata kwehurumende. Zvisinei, dzinovawo mungozi yokuparadzira mashoko asina kururama, kuchida kudzorwa kwokungwarira kwamanyuko.

Kubudirira Kunoita Hurumende Kunozvidavirira Kuvanhu

Kubatana kuripo pakati pokuzvidavirira nokubudirira hakungorevi hako; uchapupu hwakasimba hunoratidza kuti hurumende dzinozvidavirira dzinopa vagari vemo migumisiro iri nani.

Kushandwa Kwezvinhu Zvakavandudzwa uye Kuderera Kwemarara

Kana masangano achifanira kuongorora uye kutungamirira mitemo, anowanzoshandisa mari yavose nokuchenjera zvikuru. Nzvero yakaitwa neInternational Bacter Stanitership yakawana kuti nyika dzine utarisiri hwemari hwakasimba zvikuru uye gadziriro dzokuona nahwo dzakawana kusanoita kwakakwirira mukushandisa utano nedzidzo. Masangano okuzvidavirira anoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vatsause pfuma kuti ive zvirongwa zvokupa mari yokupfuya kana kuti ipinde mukubiridzira. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro yemari inobhadharwa yavose yeBrazil (SIAFI) uye kuongorora kwemavhinzi dzezvirongwa zvemari zvisaririra zvinenge zvatokoshatsa zvikuru muhurumende yomunzvimbomo, kubvisa mari nokuda kwemibato inokosha.

Kutakura Basa Kwakawedzerwa

Kuzvidavirira kunovandudza kupiwa kwebasa kupfurikidza nokupa simba vagari vemo kuti vade kuita zviri nani. Mapepa echitupa. Kana migumisiro ikabudiswa uye yabatanidzwa kuranga vapfumi, kunaka kwebasa kunowanzokwira. MuRwanda, zvibvumirano zvebasa (himo) pakati pevatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo nehurumende yepakati zvinobudiswa uye zvinohwirudzurwa gore negore, kugadzira zvikarakadzo zvakasimba zvokubudirira. MuRwanda, zvakaona kuvandudzwa kwamabasa okuwedzera kwoutano uye dzidzo.

Kuwedzera Kunzwisisa Zvinodiwa Nevagari Vomunyika

Miitiro inoyera uye inomira inovimbisa kuti zvinhu zvinokosha zvehurumende zvinowirirana nezvinodiwa navose. Kubatanidzwa kwemari inosarudzwa, kupayona muPorto Alegre, Brazil, kunobvumira vagari vemo kusarudza nzira yokugovera nayo chikamu chemari yenisiparati. Muitiro uyu wakabatanidzwa nokutevedzerwa kuri nani uye gutsikano yakakwirira yevagari vemo. Nenzira yakafanana, nzeve dzavose pamabasa ezvirongwa zvemaronzere anopa inzwi, kuderedza ngozi yezvirongwa zvenzou chena. Kuwedzerawo, kunowedzera kuva nohuvara hwezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuzviisa pasi kwokuzvidira kwemitero kwehurumende.

Kuvimba Kwakasimbiswa uye Kururamisira

Kuvimba chinhu chinokosha nokuda kwokudzora kunobudirira. Vagari vanodavira kuti hurumende yavo inozvidavirira sezvingabvira zvikuru vanowirirana nemitemo, vanobhadhara mitero, uye vanobatira pamwe nemirairo youtano hwavanhu vose. OECD’s Public Ispiral Sepyment modem [[ inosimbisa kuti gadziriro dzokuvimbika (inobatanidza kuva nohuwandudziko, kuzvidavirira, uye ruvimbiko rwevachengeti vemitero). Kuderera muchivimbo, sokunocherekedzwa muhurumende mumakore gumi apfuura, mabhii anoumba madzorwa nokushanda kwakaderera kwehurumende nokuwedzera. Kuzvidavirira nokudaro kunokosha nokuda kwokuchinja muitiro uyu.

Zvinetso Zvokuita Kuti Vanhu Vazvidavirire

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzahwo dzakajeka, kuzvidavirira kwavanhu kuzere nezvipingamupinyi.

Uori uye Kubatwa Nehurumende

Uori hunorerutsa zvakananga kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuisa vakuru vakuru mukuvanza zviito zvavo nokuranga varidzi. Apo ushati hunenge huri hwegadziriro, mitumbi inotarisira imene ingabatwa. Somuenzaniso, masangano okuongorora munyika dzakati anoshaiwa kuzvimirira nemhaka yokuti utungamiriri hwavo hunogadzwa navakuru vakuru vasina dziviriro. Corruption Perceptions Index nguva dzose] inoratidza kuti nyika dzine uori hwakakwirira hunovawo nzvimbo yakaderera pakushanda kwehurumende. Kuputsa nhambo dzadzorodzo dzechirango kunoda kwete mitemo chete asi kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye dziviriro yavatambi vanorwisana neshatiswa.

Unyanzvi Hwokuronga Husina Simba

Nyika zhinji dzichiri kubudirira hadzina vashandi vakarovedzwa, ruzivo rwemichina, uye mari zvinoshanda kuti dzitarisire. Mahofisi okuongorora angasashandiswa nevashandi, masangano okupa misha angashaiwa tsigiro yokunzvera, uye matare angadzorwa. Pasina simba, simba rapamutemo rinoramba riripo. Kuvaka ibasa renguva refu rinoda mari nebetsero yezvounyanzvi kubva kuvakwanyina vomunyika dzakawanda.

Mashoko Asymmetry

Hurumende kazhinji kazhinji dzine mashoko akawanda zvikuru kupfuura vagari vemo kana kuti kunyange vaiti vemitemo, kuchikuita kwakaoma kuyera basa. Nhau dzemiitiro yakaoma kurangarira yakadai sechengeteko yenyika, muitiro wemari, kana kuti mirau yemichina (yakaoma kuyera). Kunyange neTsvene yeYakarurama kuMashoko, hurumende dzinganonotsa kuita kana kuti kuisa mumapoka magwaro. Mashoko anopa simba vakuru vakuru uye anonetesa kupindura. Zvigadzikiso zvinosanganisira kuvhura purogiramu yemashoko, uye zvinotsigira vaongorori vemitemo vanozvimirira.

Kushaikwa Kwokubatanidzwa Kwomubatanidzwa Nekuda Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuzvidavirira kunoda vagari vemo vanoshingaira avo vanovhota, vanotora rutivi mukutonga, uye vanotarisira hurumende. Zvisinei, kusakendenga kwomuvhoti, fariro yakaderera yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kudzorwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika zvinogona kudzivisa kudikanwa kwokuzvidavirira. Muzvimwe zviitiko, vagari vemo vanoshivirira uori mukutsinhana nokuda kwebetsero dzavatengi. Uyezve, vezvamatongerwe enyika vanobatira pamwe kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanodzivisa chinjo idzo dzingasimbisa mitumbi inotarisira nemhaka yokutya kurasikirwa nesimba. Kuputsa iyi dare kunoda kuunganidza zvibvumirano nokuda kwokuchinja uye dzvinyiriro dzokunze, zvakadai sezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose kana kuti migove inopa migove.

Zvirongwa Zvokusimbisa Kuzvidavirira Kwavanhu

Zvirongwa zvakasiyana - siyana zvinogona kuita kuti pave nokuzvidavirira.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Rwokufema uye Kuziva Zvakazaruka

Maturusi emagetsi anogona kuderedza zvikuru mutengo wokugoverana mashoko nokutarisira. E-bure-governance platifomu dzinobudisa mashoko anoshandiswa, kubhadharwa, uye zvibvumirano zvavose munguva chaiyo zvinoita kuti vagari vemo nevanyori vakwanise kuona zvinhu zvisiri zvakarurama. tsika yokugadziridza [[FLT:] yeiidzororo yemafashoni] [[FLT:] [GM] uye Stock] Compranet yawedzera makwikwikwi okutenga nokuderedza uori mukutenga kwavose. Nenzira yakafanana, mapurogiramu anobvumira vagari vemo kushuma kushuma kukundikana basa (g., kuunganidza marara kana kugadziridza mugwagwa) inoita kuti vashandurukidzwe.

Kuchinja Kwepamutemo: Kodzero Yemashoko Nedziviriro Yemapfuti

Dzinopfuura nyika 100 zvino dzine maruramiro kuInformation (RTI), asi kupinza hakuna kufanira. Kusimbisa RTII kunoda masangano amashoko akazvimirira, mirau yokuzivisa, uye zvirango nokuda kwokusabatanidza. Zvinokosha zvakafanana ndezva mitemo yedziviriro yedziviriro [ inodzivirira vabatiri vehurumende vanoratidzira mufambiro wakaipa. Nyika dzakafanana neSouth Korea neUnited States dzakaona zvinoitika zvechibharo zvakakwirira zvokupfuradziro nemhaka yokuti zvakadzivirirwa nemitemo zvakanga zviripo. Pasina izvo, vashomanene vachazvitsiva.

Mitoo Yokushandisa Mitoo Yokutonga

Kuvimbisana kwougaridzani kunofanira kufamba kupfuura sarudzo inopfuurira. shambidzo yemari yemari, sezvataurwa, inopa nzanga udzori hwakananga pamari. Citizen rhagrates[ (inoshandiswa muMalaysia neIndia) inoratidzira mipimo yebasa nemiitiro. [FLT:]] , kufunda kwapareko kunoitwa napakareji yemanzwiwa , kupayona muNational Marvalue Modective Act, kubatanidza zvinyorwa zvebasa nezvitengwa; uku kuita kwakaderera zvikuru. Kurovedza kwakadaro kunoda kuchenesa.

Mitumbi Yakazvimirira Nedziviriro Yemasangano

Mahofisi edzimhosva, masangano anodzivisa uori, uye masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anofanira kudzivirirwa pabumbiro remitemo kana kuti nepamutemo pakupindira kwevakuru vakuru. Miitiro yokugadza inofanira kubatanidza vamiriri vazhinji uye inoda kuti vasarudze tsvudzo. Dare reVennice[ uye ECD rinogovera nhungamiro nokuda kwokuzvimirira.

Kushandira Pamwe Munyika Yose uye Kurongwa Kwetsika

Nhano dzenyika yose dzakadai se Hurumende yakazaruka dzvinyiriro yeshamwari nokuda kwokuchinja kuzvidavirira. Nyika dzomutezo dzinozvipira kuita zvirongwa pakuoneka, nzvimbo yehurumende, uye kupesana nouori. Nenzira yakafanana, kokorodzano inorwisana nouori inoraira betsero yapamutemo nokunatsiridza, inosimbisa kuzvidavirira kwakananga kumativi ose. Masangano ezvemari anowanzoita zvikwereti pakudzora, kugovera vachinji vedzimba vedzimba.

mhedziso

Kuzvidavirira kwavanhu hakusati kuri kurondwa kwehurumende dzinotonga dzakapfuma; iko mutyairi mukuru wehurumende anobudirira kwose kwose. Kubva pakuderedza uori nokuvandudza kupiwa kwebasa kusvikira kukuvaka chivimbo nokuva nechokwadi chokuti pfuma yakaganhurirwa inosvika avo vanoida zvikurusa, gadziriro dzokuzvidavirira dzinochinja kuti basa rinoshanda sei. Asi kuvaka gadziriro idzi dzinoda nhamburiko dzinopfuurira: chinjo dzapamutemo, simba rokuro, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kuva mugari wemo anoshingaira zvinofanira kushanda mukonzati. Nepo zvinetso zvinoramba zviripo (8) zvikurukuru mumashoko okubatwa nomutemo usina simba zvinova pachena kuti kuchinja kwemitevedzero kunogona kubereka mibayiro mikuru. Hurumende dzinogamuchira kujeka, kupindura, uye kurongerwa hakuzongoita bedzi zviri nani asi kukwakwazvo. Nzira inoenda mberi mumifungo inopfuurira, kusimba revagari vemo, uye kusimba rinodzorwa kutendeka kusimba rinofanira kunziri.